1896:
1077:, by which all higher police officers were appointed. The new Russian officers regarded Estonian local affairs with disinterest, and its population was more impartial than the German ones, although they were non-Estonian. The Russification of jurisdiction, although the Baltic legal codes remained unchanged, was taken as well, by which the peasantry had its own courts, the township court, with appeals to the higher court for the peasantry. In 1864, the Russian institution reform was introduced, which brought more impartial justice: the justice of the peace with appeals to the conference of justices of the peace; and the circuit court with appeals to the court chamber. The major problem was that proceedings in the higher court were conducted exclusively in Russian, which meant the Estonians, who did not fluent in Russian, were forced to hire translators or lawyers, involving a prohibitive expense for destitute Estonians.
1090:
217:
232:
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1358:
1341:, in which political parties emerged on a broad basis for the first time, with the largest blocs being the Agrarian League and the Labour Party. The municipal elections in 1917, however, proved the significant fractionalisation of the political spectrum, as the configuration of party groupings was unstable. Predominantly, the moderates dominated the smaller urban areas, while the lefts dominated stronger in the larger industrial cities. In the early course, the soviets that emerged in Estonia were the
1069:
participation in the municipal government. Virtually all
Estonians, in fact, belonged to the third curia since their begeoisie was only beginning to improve its economic position. The 1892 municipal law, in which the franchise base was determined by property value, was implemented in the Baltic provinces; for Estonians, it would increase the possibility of winning over the Baltic German hegemony, and for the begeoisie, it would be a step forward to put all voters in the same place.
385:
43:
1105:, for the allegiance of Estonians. There, the Russification process was also performed for religious purposes. In 1883, in Wiek county, the conversation movement among 3,400 Estonian peasants began, which had the motivation of strong anti-German sentiment. During his first tenure as governor, Shakhovskoy sought to propagate Orthodoxy in his ruling governorate, which caused spiritual dissatisfaction among the Baltic natives who lived under a German-controlled
814:
1271:
collaboration with the imperial
Germans, the Russian authorities closed down German schools and forbade using German in public. Restrictions were also included for using Estonian. About 100,000 men, nearly 10 percent of the Estonian population, were mobilised into the Russian Imperial Army; their extent of casualties is little known, and no reliable sources are available. The Estonians considered that fighting against foes—the Germans and the
1588:
1501:
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1373:, took power from the provisional government's commissar. The Bolsheviks were, however, unable to consolidate their power owing to the lack of Bolshevik officials who could replace the former government's public officials; the latter refused and launched the strike. The Estonian Bolsheviks had lost much of their popular support by the end of January 1918, engaging in the cancellation of the
1493:. The scarps of the Ösel and Moon islands and those in the western continental area formed the Silurian Klint. Crystalline rocks formed in the lowest part of the basement; in the northeastern part, the crystalline rocks were 60–70 metres below the surface. Below the surface, the area also consisted of a large amount of phosphorite, especially in Wesenberg deposits, and
1224:, began to scour cities and the countryside for participants in the 1905 revolution; and much of the local committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and Estonian intellectuals were arrested. In the governorate alone, 300 people were executed, 600 received some form of corporal punishment, and 500 were sentenced to
1113:, that Orthodoxy was the quickest way to unite the Estonians into the "great Russian family". Furthermore, in 1885, Alexander III reinstated that children of mixed Lutheran-Orthodox marriages be only baptised as Orthodox, and the reconverts to Lutheranism were again considered members of the state church.
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The area of the
Governorate of Estonia was 17,791.7 square versts (20,248.1 km; 7,817.8 sq mi); of this, 16,290.5 square versts (18,539.6 km; 7,158.2 sq mi) were the mainland and 1,032.7 square versts (1,175.3 km; 453.8 sq mi) were the islands, with 468.5
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In
November 1905, Jaan Tõnisson founded the Estonian Progressive People's Party, which, along with the Baltic German-led Baltic Constitutional Party, was the only legal party in the governorate at that time. The All-Estonian Congress was held by Tõnisson and his moderates on 27–29 November, with the
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With the rise of the liberation movement in Russia, all-Empire questions began to impinge on
Estonian life, as well as a new generation emerged in Estonia. The crucial point in social and political thought was the appearance of journalistic voices for the lower class, engaging in the fade of loyalty
1116:
The major factor that was unavoidable in internal affairs was the gradual introduction of
Russian as the language in administration in 1885; by 1889, Russian had become the language in municipal government and exclusively in higher courts, as well as in communication among all administrative organs.
933:
and laid the groundwork for its growing roles in Baltic politics. As agricultural reforms, the spread of education, increasing communication beyond the Baltic, and the spirit of reformation were factors in the national awakening, from 1860, the
Estonian national movement had gained more support from
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formed in August. The worker strikes broke out in Reval, Narva, and Pernau in
January 1905. In the rural area, 120 manor houses, which were the symbol of Baltic German power, were put to the torch by Estonians. Mass meetings called for peaceful reform in Reval, and the situation remained calm until
1068:
process in
Estonia. In 1877, the Russian urban reform of 1870 took place in the Baltic area. The new law enfranchised men 25 years of age and over, which was divided into three curiae according to the city taxes they paid, replacing the medieval estate-based system that had excluded Estonians from
1270:
was greeted by mixed reactions in the governorate. Within the
Estonian population, there was some enthusiasm for a struggle against a historical enemy; for the Baltic Germans, however, it was unthinkable to fight against their co-nationals—the imperial Germans. Increasingly suspicious of possible
1353:
restricted the establishment of a single regiment due to pressure from the Soviets. Nevertheless, the first Estonian regiment had grown to 8,000 men by the end of July, twice as large as originally intended, and the provisional government approved the formation of a second regiment in September.
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as an instruction language in the third year of the school in 1887 and then the first year in 1892. Initially, the result of Russification was disorganised: many schools, which the Baltic Germans withdrew support for as a protest, were closed; much of the teaching personnel were unable to teach
1290:
was still ongoing. Seeing this moment as an opportunity to fulfil what they had wanted, Jaan Tõnisson and his moderate politicians lobbied the provisional government for changes in the northern Baltic area. In conjunction with a mass demonstration attended by 40,000 Estonians in
2074:
The urban population of the governorate was 77,081, making up 18.68 per cent of the total population. The largest settlements included Reval (64,572), Wesenberg (5,890), Hapsal (3,212), and Weißenstein (2,507). Of the preceding cities, Estonian-speakers formed majorities.
1036:, and others. Many works in this era reflected the condition of rural people and satirised the elites. Publication of Estonian-language print grew rapidly from 1860 to 1900, and the number of books and brochures six times increased, from 55 to 312. According to the
1072:
In 1888–1889, the Russification of the police system took place: the Baltic Germans lost all police powers in the rural township, although they retained powers on their estates; and the police system at county and urban levels was reorganised and placed under the
1080:
Russification policies had also been taken in education: placing all Lutheran rural elementary schools under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education; creating the position of director and inspector so the ministry insured the state control; and introducing
1219:
In early December, the Russian government began to react with force to what it described as "revolutionary excesses": martial law was declared in Reval and the Harrien County on 10 December; the Russian army and local Baltic German militias, known as
83:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
2062:
The first general census in the Estonia Governorate, conducted in 1881, returned a population of 376,337, consisting of 184,323 men and 192,014 women. By 1887, the population was 393,983, increasing 17,646 over 6 years. The
903:, Estonia Governorate was formed. During the reign of the Swedish kings, there was a tendency towards granting more autonomy to the peasantry, but under the Russian tsars, there was a shift towards tighter regulation.
1275:—was easy to transfer the enmity they felt towards the Baltic Germans, who were the representatives of the German-speaking cultural world; however, the Baltic German leadership also declared encouragement for Russia.
1327:
known as "Estonia". The decree also established a temporary zemstvo with the provincial assembly as its head. In addition, Baltic German-controlled diets and imperial local administrative organs were dissolved.
1063:
In 1885, the new governor of Estonia, Sergey Shakhovskoy, was appointed by Emperor Alexander III, who had seemed to think the father's reforms were a threat to Russian culture; this marked the beginning of the
1445:
in the Pärnu Bay in the south. The land border was 297 versts (317 km; 197 mi) in the west, 469 versts (500 km; 311 mi) in the north, 75 versts (80 km; 50 mi) in the east with
741:
influenced and characterized the governorate by general modernization, the reorganization into a modern European society, and the success of the newly emerged nationalist awareness. The accession of
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By the time the Russian Empire was crumbling, the Estonian desire for unification of the Estonian-speaking area, especially the entire Estonia and northern Livonia, had come into focus. Following the
1895:
934:
rising Estonians. Although many Estonians still continued to assimilate into the German and Russian cultures, many nationwide efforts to promote the Estonian culture were seen, especially for the
1299:
30 March] to reorganise the self-government in the northern Baltic. The decree consisted of the merger of the governorate of Estonia with the northern counties of the governorate of Livonia—
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28 January], including 202,409 men and 210,307 women. The majority of the population indicated Estonian to be their mother tongue, with significant Russian and German speaking minorities.
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986:, which had already existed in the empire; in June 1881, seventeen Estonian societies requested that they do so with equal representations for Germans and Estonians, in a memorandum to
1349:, whom concentrated in major cities and military garrisons. Although permission of principle for the formation of national military units was granted in April, the Minister of War
1477:, where the uplands and plateau structures were interspersed with lowlands and valley structures. It consisted of the limestone plateau, the northern part of which formed the
1216:. Nevertheless, both factions demanded the repeal of Russification; the moderates demanded the unification of Estonia and northern Livonia with an autonomous self-government.
1101:
The Russian Orthodoxy came unexpectedly into the Baltic area in the 1840s, causing the struggle between the Orthodox and the Lutheran churches, which had attended since the
1074:
5223:
1123:, proved this aspect of Russification disorienting. Some of them, who had received their education in German, were able to retool themselves, but it was a long process.
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3977:[The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897. Breakdown of population by mother tongue and districts in 50 Governorates of the European Russia].
2917:
1382:
542:
1089:
3111:
216:
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16 October; the Russian Army on that day, however, opened fire on a peaceful demonstration on a market square, which was later known as the Tallinn Bloodbath.
1020:, in which he portrayed the mythological adventures of the eponymous hero, who had ended up in chains at the gate of Hell and the promise of a return to home;
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982:; he opposed the Baltic German dominance and took an anti-clerical position on the Lutheran Church. He had also begun campaigning for the introduction of
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authority permitting that. Following the dispute over the election of vice-chairs, the congress was split into two factions: the moderates, known as the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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1489:, the highest point in the governorate, was located. In the west, the large area was entirely flat, forming the lowlands of West Estonia and the
3975:"Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России"
1040:, 96.9 per cent of Estonians, 10 years and older, could read and write, making the northern Baltic area the most literate region of the empire.
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of Estonia, Livonia, and its other territories to Russia, whereas Russia paid Sweden compensation of 2 million efimki (1.3 million rubles).
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1516:, which was shared with the Governorate of Livonia. There are about 80 islands in the governorate, of which Dagö (known in modern times as
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899:. In 1783, the Reval Viceroyalty was formed from Reval Governorate, and in 1796, together with Narva county, which was separated from
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895:), it was established in 1719 by decree of Peter the Great on 29 May, on the territory that was acquired from Sweden, along with the
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Estonian intelligentsia, which had sought equal rights for Estonian as an administrative language and had been rooted in a Baltic
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became the final straw that brought about the revolution, whose impulse had spread into the rural area of the Baltic region; the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Estonian Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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The Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia, which declared Estonia an independence state, was carried out on 24 February 1918
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4065:"Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по вероисповеданиям и регионам"
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1520:) was the largest, with an area of 989 square kilometres (382 sq mi). Other islands in the archipelago were
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4067:[The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897. Population distribution by faith and religion].
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Collection of information on Geography and Statistics of the Estonia Governorate with an appendix about cities
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1323:—into the consilidated governorate, which accomplished what Carl Robert Jakobson had expressed, creating the
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Russian; and the number of pupils in the governorate declined, from 25,646 to 20,565 between 1886 and 1892.
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had been a prominent figure in the advocation of Estonian literature; she wrote her most important work,
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square versts (533.2 km; 205.9 sq mi) were the of Lake Peipsi as a part the governorate.
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1397:. This was nonetheless a symbolic indication, and the Germans, on the following day, entered Reval.
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Pervaya vseobshchaya perepis' naseleniya Rossiyskoy imperii 1897 goda. 49. Estlyandskaya guberniya
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990:. As a result, four of the ten points of the memorandum were implemented at the end of the 1880s.
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The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897, 49. Estonia Governorate
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Sbornik svedeniy no Geografii i Statistike Estlyandskoy gubernii, s prilozheniem: o gorodishchakh
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Estonia "independent and democratic republic" within its "historical and ethnographical borders"
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5482:² An asterisk (+) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914.
4336:Сборникъ свѣдѣній но Географіи и Статистикѣ Эстляндской губерніи, съ приложеніемъ: о городищахъ
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to the newly established Russian Empire. The Estonia Governorate was established in 1796 when
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4354:Первая всеобщая перепись населенія Россійской имперіи 1897 года. ХLIХ. Эстляндская губернія.
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as the first commissar, followed by, in May, elections of the provincial assembly known as
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was conducted in 1897, which turned out a population of 412,716 on 9 February 1897 [
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to the crown. Many intellectuals emerged in the post-Russification era; among them were
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Until the late 19th century the governorate was administered independently by the local
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marked the emergence of the Estonian national movement, which periodised the so-called
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3907:Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи 1897 года. Эстляндская губерния
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was 20,377 fathoms (37.265 km; 23.156 mi) long, and between Wierland and
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Mechanical workshop of the Friedrich Wigand plant in Reval, photographed in 1914
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has been later considered the national epic. Among Koidula and Kreutzwald were
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in 1918, the Little Russians identified themselves as "Ukrainians". Also, the
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that came on 24 February 1918 marked the permanently end for the governorate.
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indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914.
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774:; in response, the Russian government suppressed the revolution by declaring
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forced Russia to cede to Sweden possessions along the southern shore of the
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3920:
4361:]. Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
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and then to Western Europe; both had reasons to fear for their freedom.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1109:. In 1886, Shakhovskoy suggested to the procurator of the Holy Synod,
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in Petrograd, the Estonian Military Revolutionary Committee, led by
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From 1561, Estonia had been under the control as a dominion of the
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on 24 February, with Konstantin Päts being the leader of the new
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to flee abroad. The governorate gained more territories from the
734:) was the administrative centre where the governor had his seat.
4343:]. Reval: Estonia Gubernatorial Statistical Committee. 1889.
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which the White Russians identified themselves as "Belarusians".
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in Reval is the symbol of the Orthodox Church in the Governorate
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along the Neva, and 371 versts (396 km; 246 mi) with
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In April, the provisional government appointed the Reval Mayor
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and organized its first congress in 1905, in the course of the
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was 18,669.3 fathoms (34.1424 km; 21.2151 mi) long.
1385:
in southern Livonia and Estonia and the Bolsheviks fleeing to
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as the Russians, in 1558, invaded Livonia, which prompted the
36:
1823:
1819–1832 Gotthard Wilhelm Freiherr von Budberg-Bönninghausen
4242:
Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855-1914
1912:
1874:
16 March 1905 – October 1905 Aleksey Aleksandrovich Lopukhin
3053:
The Baltic States from 1914 to 1923 By LtCol Andrew Parrott
1010:(The Nightingale of Emajõgi), which was published in 1867.
3012:
Prior to 1918, the Imperial Russian Government classified
2079:
Linguistic composition of the Estonia Governorate in 1897
3728:
3726:
3698:
3696:
3683:
3681:
3492:
3490:
3465:
3463:
3438:
3436:
3387:
3385:
2601:
Religious composition of the Estonia Governorate in 1897
2351:
Religious composition of the Estonia Governorate in 1881
1849:
Prince Mikhail Valentinovich Shakhovskoy-Glebov-Strezhnev
3842:
3840:
3827:
3825:
1615:) of the Governorate of Estonia in 1897 were as follow:
829:, in which nobilies swore obedience to the Swedish king
1429:
in the south. The westernmost point was Cape Kalana in
1405:
The Governorate of Estonia was the northernmost of the
746:
in 1881 marked the beginning of a period of more rigid
4348:
Tronitsky, Nikolay A.; Neudachin, Vladimir V. (1905).
3713:
3711:
2908:
Its urban population was 18.68% and rural was 81.32%.
1166:
and later head of the Estonian Provisional Government.
3932:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3519:
3517:
3372:
3370:
3309:
3307:
3282:
3280:
3267:
3265:
3240:
3238:
3213:
3211:
2973:
1841:
1859–1868 Wilhelm Otto Cornelius Alexander von Ulrich
1838:
1842–1859 Johann Christoph Engelbrecht von Grünewaldt
1145:, founder of the Estonian Progressive People's Party.
825:
following the annexation of the northern part of the
794:
on 12 April 1917, and lasted for nearly a year. The
76:
6022:
5960:
5889:
5786:
5720:
5537:
5418:
5383:
5279:
5222:
5179:
5054:
5005:
4971:
4857:
4404:
4028:
Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction
1591:
Administrative divisions of the Estonia Governorate
1417:in the west, the Gulf of Finland in the north, the
346:
335:
327:
319:
314:
306:
298:
293:
281:
267:
259:
251:
241:
144:
852:Seeking to regain lost territories, in 1701, Tsar
3024:as the White Russians. After the creation of the
864:but later gained triumphs. In 1710, the Russians
4052:Estonia Gubernatorial Statistical Committee 1889
3957:Estonia Gubernatorial Statistical Committee 1889
3945:Estonia Gubernatorial Statistical Committee 1889
3921:Estonia Gubernatorial Statistical Committee 1889
1473:Physically, the governorate was situated on the
817:German and Russian map of Governorate of Estonia
2918:Administrative divisions of Russia in 1719-1725
1485:and Jõhvi Uplands; the Pandivere was where the
907:remained in place until its abolition in 1816.
3870:
3858:
1844:1868–1870 Mikhail Nikolaiyevich Galkin-Vraskoy
1497:oil shales within the Baltic Oil Shale Basin.
876:, which were incorporated into Russia. In the
167:
101:accompanying your translation by providing an
67:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
5511:
4382:
1596:
856:and his allies invaded Sweden, beginning the
645:
152:
8:
4110:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3969:
3967:
3965:
3816:
1903:
1899:Bread retailed from street counters in Reval
1458:in the south. The provincial border between
1389:, the Estonian Provincial Assembly asserted
182:
3008:
3006:
3004:
5966:
5895:
5792:
5726:
5518:
5504:
5496:
4389:
4375:
4367:
4004:. Princeton University Press. p. 83.
2599:
2349:
2077:
2065:first-and-only organised nationwide census
1902:
1883:1907–1915 Izmail Vladimirovich Korostovets
1877:1905–1906 Nikolay Georgiyevich von Bünting
1756:
1617:
1543:The governorate consisted of the northern
880:of 1721, Sweden formally ceded its former
652:
638:
358:
302:20,246.7 km (7,817.3 sq mi)
141:
4289:
1295:, the government agreed on 12 April [
860:. He initially met with setbacks by King
730:(known in Russian as Revel, contemporary
4184:. Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers.
4182:Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia
1586:
1199:organised activity in Estonia, with its
30:For the governorate from 1917–1918, see
4222:Russia's Western Borderlands, 1710-1870
3804:
3732:
3702:
3687:
3636:
3612:
3600:
3588:
3559:
3535:
3496:
3481:
3469:
3442:
3427:
3415:
3403:
3391:
3361:
3349:
3325:
3256:
3202:
3098:
3086:
3045:
2939:
1886:1915–1917 Pyotr Vladimirovich Veryovkin
1858:Prince Sergey Vladimirovich Shakhovskoy
1813:Duke Paul Friedrich August of Oldenburg
1804:Duke Peter Friedrich Georg of Oldenburg
1512:In the west, it is the location of the
1409:, located on the southern shore of the
974:The prominent figure in the period was
929:that led to the birth of a distinctive
372:
361:
313:
305:
292:
266:
250:
240:
228:
210:
4160:A Concise History of the Baltic States
4031:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 429.
3846:
3831:
1904:Population of the Estonian Governorate
1375:Estonian Constituent Assembly election
1197:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
911:Rise of the Estonian cultural identity
891:after the city of Reval (now known as
5486:Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship
1795:Heinrich Johann Freiherr von Wrangell
1286:was proclaimed, and the clash on the
345:
334:
326:
318:
297:
280:
258:
7:
3792:
3780:
3768:
3756:
3744:
3717:
3672:
3660:
3648:
3624:
3576:
3547:
3523:
3508:
3454:
3376:
3337:
3313:
3298:
3286:
3271:
3244:
3229:
3217:
3190:
1853:1875–1885 Viktor Petrovich Polivanov
1262:Estonian Declaration of Independence
1244:World War I and path to independence
113:{{Translated|et|Eestimaa kubermang}}
805:through a feudal Regional Council.
4398:Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
4220:Thaden, Edward C. (14 July 2014).
3167:The Baltic States and Their Region
1880:1906–1907 Pyotr Petrovich Bashilov
1547:, approximately corresponding to:
1504:Painting of the port of Reval, by
1232:or elsewhere. Konstantin Päts and
936:Estonian-language Alexander School
25:
1575:counties, and a small portion of
1258:Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
1212:; and the radicals, known as the
921:The early course of the reign of
845:, including northern Livonia and
686:. It was located in the northern
32:Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
4137:The History of the Baltic States
4025:Fortson IV, Benjamin W. (2011).
2873:Other non-Christian denomination
1870:Aleksey Valerianovich Bellegarde
1150:
1135:
621:
383:
230:
215:
41:
4180:; Teedumäe, Aada, eds. (1997).
1834:Paul Friedrich von Benckendorff
710:reign and was confirmed by the
4245:. Princeton University Press.
4224:. Princeton University Press.
4162:. Cambridge University Press.
3114:. Estonica.org. Archived from
3030:Belarusian Democratic Republic
1864:Yefstafiy Nikolaiyevich Skalon
1284:Russian Provisional Government
1236:, the radical leader, fled to
670:Esthonia (Estland) Governorate
236:Location in the Russian Empire
111:You may also add the template
1:
6256:1721 establishments in Russia
3138:"Estonian national awakening"
3072:William Henry Beable (1919),
2985:Est(h)ländisches Gouvernement
1799:1797–1808 Andreas von Langell
1381:21–22 January]. With the
1012:Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
968:Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
714:, which ceded territory from
139:Governorate in Russian Empire
4278:Dynamiques Environnementales
4205:. Hoover Institution Press.
4134:O'Connor, Kelvin C. (2015).
4115:Jackson, J. Hampden (1948).
3020:as the Little Russians, and
2856:Other Christian denomination
1448:Saint Petersburg Governorate
1419:Saint Petersburg Governorate
1075:Minister of Internal Affairs
947:Society of Estonian Literati
901:Saint Petersburg Governorate
737:From the 1850s to 1914, the
495:Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721)
5712:Restoration of independence
5629:Declaration of Independence
4239:Thaden, Edward C. (2014b).
4002:Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917
3164:Smith, David James (2005).
3074:Russian Gazetteer and Guide
3026:Ukrainian People's Republic
2974:
2884:
2881:
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2318:
2315:
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2238:
2228:
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2222:
2219:
2209:
2206:
2203:
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2190:
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2184:
2181:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
1819:Berend Freiherr von Uexküll
1413:. It was bordered with the
951:all-Estonian song festivals
917:Estonian national awakening
739:Estonian national awakening
596:Restoration of independence
561:Declaration of Independence
124:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
6277:
5707:Declaration of sovereignty
3933:Russian Empire census 1905
3871:Raukas & Teedumäe 1997
3859:Raukas & Teedumäe 1997
1530:Groß Pakri and Klein Pakri
1377:held on 3–4 February [
1255:
1095:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
914:
75:Machine translation, like
29:
6170:
5969:
5898:
5795:
5729:
5474:
4202:Estonia and the Estonians
4000:Hamm, Michael F. (2014).
3076:, London: Russian Outlook
2963:
2953:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2055:
1930:—
1743:(2,216.0 sq mi)
1718:(1,813.9 sq mi)
1693:(1,108.6 sq mi)
1681:Вейсенштейнскій/Ервенскій
1668:(2,758.0 sq mi)
1656:Везенбергскій/Вирляндскій
1631:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1597:
1481:. The highest areas were
1347:Socialist Revolutionaries
1191:In 1905, the massacre on
931:Estonian national culture
927:Estonian age of awakening
692:West Estonian archipelago
690:with some islands in the
229:
211:
202:
153:
56:the corresponding article
5800:Administrative divisions
4353:
4335:
4119:. G. Allen & Unwin.
3884:
1583:Administrative divisions
1437:near the city of Narva;
1111:Konstantin Pobedonostsev
772:First Russian Revolution
310:166 m (545 ft)
148:
27:1796–1917 unit of Russia
4324:Government publications
4291:10.4000/dynenviron.2230
4274:"Briefly about Estonia"
4199:Raun, Toivo U. (1991).
4107:Encyclopædia Britannica
3143:Encyclopædia Britannica
3016:as the Great Russians,
2975:Estlyándskaya gubérniya
1319:, and some portions of
993:Also in this era, poet
782:and the radical leader
122:For more guidance, see
6251:Governorate of Estonia
5488:was abolished in 1876.
5171:Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
3888:(in Russian). Руниверс
2993:
2984:
2964:Эстля́ндская губе́рнія
2959:pre-reform orthography
2954:Эстля́ндская губе́рния
1900:
1828:Otto Wilhelm von Essen
1731:Ревельскій/Гарріенскій
1612:
1592:
1509:
1456:Governorate of Livonia
1423:Governorate of Livonia
1395:provisional government
1362:
1253:
1098:
1060:
980:Governorate of Livonia
978:from the neighbouring
971:
827:Livonian Confederation
818:
803:Baltic German nobility
788:Governorate of Livonia
768:National Liberal Party
722:reforms abolished the
666:Governorate of Estonia
307:Highest elevation
183:
168:
146:Governorate of Estonia
6227:59.43722°N 24.74528°E
5656:Occupation of Estonia
4262:Academic publications
3059:19 March 2009 at the
1898:
1626:Administrative centre
1590:
1503:
1421:in the east, and the
1365:After the successful
1360:
1251:
1092:
1051:
959:
816:
796:Estonian independence
422:Baltic Finnic peoples
331:20/km (53/sq mi)
95:copyright attribution
5387:Galicia and Bukovina
5056:Caucasus Viceroyalty
4595:Little Russia (1796)
4588:Little Russia (1764)
3885:Эстляндская губерния
3112:"National awakening"
1514:Moonsund archipelago
1491:Moonsund archipelago
1479:North Estonian Klint
976:Carl Robert Jakobson
970:, published in 1862.
668:, also known as the
601:Contemporary Estonia
328: • Density
184:Gouvernement Estland
154:Эстляндская губерния
18:Estonian Governorate
6261:Baltic governorates
6223: /
5697:Government-in-exile
5634:War of Independence
5181:Baltic Governorates
3759:, pp. 101–102.
3352:, pp. 306–307.
2923:Baltic governorates
2602:
2352:
2080:
1905:
1753:Supernumerary towns
1706:Гапсальскій/Викскій
1475:East European Plain
1433:; in the east, the
1407:Baltic governorates
1280:February Revolution
1093:Built in 1894, the
726:. The port city of
680:Baltic governorates
566:War of Independence
6232:59.43722; 24.74528
5938:Telecommunications
5702:Singing Revolution
5683:Estonian partisans
5604:Great Northern War
5433:Emirate of Bukhara
5064:Baku (Governorate)
3861:, p. 331–332.
3118:on 15 October 2022
2994:Eestimaa kubermang
2819:Armenian Apostolic
2600:
2350:
2078:
1901:
1593:
1510:
1367:October Revolution
1363:
1351:Alexander Kerensky
1254:
1099:
1061:
1034:Friedrich Kuhlbars
1014:composed his epic
972:
960:The national epic
858:Great Northern War
819:
702:. Previously, the
672:, was a province (
628:Estonia portal
591:Singing Revolution
538:National awakening
510:Great Northern War
320: • Total
299: • Total
169:Eestimaa kubermang
103:interlanguage link
6206:
6205:
6166:
6165:
5994:Estonian language
5956:
5955:
5885:
5884:
5852:Political parties
5815:Foreign relations
5782:
5781:
5624:German occupation
5574:German Bishoprics
5493:
5492:
5439:Khanate of Kokand
5029:Semirechye Oblast
4629:Novgorod-Seversky
4252:978-1-4008-5718-0
4212:978-0-8179-9131-9
4191:978-9985-50-185-6
4169:978-0-521-83372-1
4147:978-1-61069-916-7
4126:978-0-598-50516-3
4038:978-1-4443-5968-8
4011:978-1-4008-5151-5
3177:978-90-420-1666-8
2972:
2961:
2906:
2905:
2838:Armenian Catholic
2598:
2597:
2548:Mansfield's faith
2343:
2342:
2060:
2059:
1785:
1784:
1750:
1749:
1371:Viktor Kingissepp
1325:autonomous polity
1103:Northern Crusades
889:Reval Governorate
760:Estonian language
724:Reval Viceroyalty
704:Reval Governorate
678:) and one of the
662:
661:
586:Soviet occupation
543:German occupation
357:
356:
135:
134:
68:
64:
16:(Redirected from
6268:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6186:
6179:
5967:
5896:
5872:
5793:
5759:Populated places
5727:
5619:Age of Awakening
5564:Livonian Crusade
5520:
5513:
5506:
5497:
5459:Khanate of Khiva
5092:Georgia-Imeretia
5034:Syr-Darya Oblast
4991:Siberian Kirghiz
4916:Orenburg Kirghiz
4709:Saint Petersburg
4391:
4384:
4377:
4368:
4362:
4344:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4293:
4256:
4235:
4216:
4195:
4173:
4156:Plakans, Andrejs
4151:
4130:
4111:
4103:
4101:"Esthonia"
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4069:www.demoscope.ru
4061:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4022:
4016:
4015:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3979:www.demoscope.ru
3971:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3835:
3829:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3721:
3715:
3706:
3700:
3691:
3685:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3494:
3485:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3380:
3374:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3275:
3269:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3050:
3033:
3010:
2999:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2957:
2955:
2944:
2648:Eastern Orthodox
2603:
2395:Eastern Orthodox
2353:
2081:
1919:
1914:
1906:
1808:1809–1811 vacant
1771:Baltiysky Port (
1757:
1646:Name in Russian
1618:
1600:
1599:
1266:The outbreak of
1182:, the editor of
1154:
1139:
1008:
944:
897:Riga Governorate
887:Initially named
878:Treaty of Nystad
839:Treaty of Plussa
790:and was granted
752:Russian language
712:Treaty of Nystad
654:
647:
640:
626:
625:
624:
455:Livonian Crusade
439:Medieval Estonia
427:Ancient counties
387:
377:
359:
234:
219:
194:
186:
179:
171:
164:
156:
155:
142:
114:
108:
81:Google Translate
66:
62:
45:
44:
37:
21:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6241:
6240:
6231:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6202:
6189:
6182:
6175:
6162:
6138:Public holidays
6018:
5952:
5881:
5870:
5842:Law enforcement
5778:
5764:Protected areas
5716:
5646:Interwar period
5639:Battle of Võnnu
5614:Russian Livonia
5609:Russian Estonia
5599:Swedish Estonia
5559:Ancient Estonia
5533:
5524:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5470:
5465:Zeravshan Okrug
5446:Russian America
5414:
5386:
5385:Governorates of
5379:
5275:
5218:
5175:
5050:
5001:
4967:
4853:
4732:Sloboda Ukraine
4623:Nizhny Novgorod
4408:
4400:
4395:
4365:
4355:
4347:
4337:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4312:
4310:
4284:(42): 284–291.
4268:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4238:
4232:
4219:
4213:
4198:
4192:
4176:
4170:
4154:
4148:
4133:
4127:
4114:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4012:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3943:
3939:
3931:
3927:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3838:
3830:
3823:
3815:
3811:
3803:
3799:
3791:
3787:
3779:
3775:
3767:
3763:
3755:
3751:
3743:
3739:
3731:
3724:
3716:
3709:
3701:
3694:
3686:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3643:
3635:
3631:
3623:
3619:
3611:
3607:
3599:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3575:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3546:
3542:
3534:
3530:
3522:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3495:
3488:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3434:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3390:
3383:
3375:
3368:
3360:
3356:
3348:
3344:
3336:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3312:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3285:
3278:
3270:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3061:Wayback Machine
3051:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3011:
3002:
2998:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2914:
2348:
2093:Native speakers
1893:
1790:
1781:Harrien County
1755:
1742:
1741:5,739.5 km
1717:
1716:4,697.9 km
1692:
1691:2,871.2 km
1667:
1666:7,143.2 km
1633:
1595:The districts (
1585:
1506:Ivan Aivazovsky
1468:Fellin counties
1464:Dorpat counties
1411:Gulf of Finland
1403:
1282:in Russia, the
1264:
1256:Main articles:
1246:
1180:Konstantin Päts
1171:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1158:Konstantin Päts
1155:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1129:
1127:1905 Revolution
1046:
1002:
938:
919:
913:
843:Gulf of Finland
811:
780:Konstantin Päts
756:German language
706:existed during
658:
622:
620:
606:
605:
571:Interwar period
556:
548:
547:
533:Russian Livonia
528:Russian Estonia
523:
522:Russian Estonia
515:
514:
505:Swedish Livonia
485:
483:Swedish Estonia
475:
474:
440:
432:
431:
397:
395:Ancient Estonia
375:
368:
272:
237:
225:
224:
223:
222:
207:
198:
197:
188:
173:
158:
147:
140:
131:
130:
129:
112:
106:
69:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6274:
6272:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6243:
6242:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6188:
6187:
6180:
6172:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6096:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6062:Estonian names
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6028:
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5928:Stock exchange
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5899:
5893:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5874:
5864:
5862:Prime Minister
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5796:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5739:Extreme points
5736:
5730:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5678:Ants Kaljurand
5670:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5653:
5651:Era of Silence
5648:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5594:Polish Livonia
5591:
5586:
5584:Baltic Germans
5581:
5579:Livonian Order
5576:
5571:
5569:Danish Estonia
5566:
5561:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5543:
5541:
5535:
5534:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5515:
5508:
5500:
5491:
5490:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5461:
5456:
5453:Uryankhay Krai
5449:
5442:
5435:
5430:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5353:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5289:
5287:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5236:Abo-Byorneborg
5232:
5230:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5192:
5186:
5184:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5119:
5114:
5107:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5015:
5013:
5011:Turkestan Krai
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4987:
4981:
4979:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4863:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4844:Yekaterinoslav
4841:
4836:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4723:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4679:
4674:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4625:
4620:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4456:
4449:
4444:
4441:Archangelgorod
4437:
4432:
4425:
4416:
4414:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4371:
4364:
4363:
4345:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4251:
4236:
4230:
4217:
4211:
4196:
4190:
4174:
4168:
4152:
4146:
4140:. Bloomsbury.
4131:
4125:
4112:
4098:, ed. (1911).
4096:Chisholm, Hugh
4091:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4056:
4044:
4037:
4017:
4010:
3992:
3961:
3949:
3937:
3935:, p. 123.
3925:
3913:
3899:
3875:
3873:, p. 314.
3863:
3851:
3849:, p. 290.
3836:
3834:, p. 286.
3821:
3809:
3807:, p. 297.
3797:
3795:, p. 105.
3785:
3783:, p. 104.
3773:
3771:, p. 102.
3761:
3749:
3747:, p. 101.
3737:
3735:, p. 296.
3722:
3720:, p. 100.
3707:
3705:, p. 295.
3692:
3690:, p. 287.
3677:
3665:
3653:
3641:
3639:, p. 274.
3629:
3617:
3615:, p. 273.
3605:
3603:, p. 272.
3593:
3591:, p. 278.
3581:
3564:
3562:, p. 271.
3552:
3540:
3538:, p. 270.
3528:
3513:
3501:
3499:, p. 310.
3486:
3484:, p. 259.
3474:
3472:, p. 325.
3459:
3447:
3445:, p. 324.
3432:
3430:, p. 317.
3420:
3418:, p. 316.
3408:
3406:, p. 309.
3396:
3394:, p. 308.
3381:
3366:
3364:, p. 307.
3354:
3342:
3330:
3328:, p. 318.
3318:
3303:
3291:
3276:
3261:
3259:, p. 306.
3249:
3234:
3222:
3207:
3205:, p. 122.
3195:
3183:
3176:
3156:
3129:
3103:
3091:
3079:
3064:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2987:
2978:
2946:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2667:Roman Catholic
2663:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2429:Roman Catholic
2426:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2273:Little Russian
2269:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:Name in German
1640:
1639:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1584:
1581:
1441:in the north;
1402:
1399:
1383:German advance
1245:
1242:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1120:Weltanschauung
1057:Oskar Hoffmann
1045:
1042:
915:Main article:
912:
909:
823:Swedish Empire
810:
807:
684:Russian Empire
660:
659:
657:
656:
649:
642:
634:
631:
630:
617:
616:
608:
607:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
576:Era of Silence
573:
568:
563:
557:
555:Modern Estonia
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
540:
535:
530:
524:
521:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
507:
502:
500:Polish Livonia
497:
492:
486:
481:
480:
477:
476:
473:
472:
470:Baltic Germans
467:
462:
460:Danish Estonia
457:
452:
447:
441:
438:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
398:
393:
392:
389:
388:
380:
379:
370:
369:
362:
355:
354:
351:
344:
343:
340:
333:
332:
329:
325:
324:
321:
317:
316:
312:
311:
308:
304:
303:
300:
296:
295:
291:
290:
285:
279:
278:
269:
265:
264:
261:
257:
256:
253:
249:
248:
246:Russian Empire
243:
239:
238:
235:
227:
226:
220:
214:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:
180:
165:
149:
145:
138:
133:
132:
128:
127:
120:
109:
87:
84:
73:
70:
63:(January 2021)
51:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6273:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6239:
6236:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6185:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5999:Ethnic groups
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5878:
5877:Supreme Court
5875:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5785:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5673:Guerrilla war
5671:
5669:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5521:
5516:
5514:
5509:
5507:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5487:
5479:
5473:
5467:
5466:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4997:Semipalatinsk
4995:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4380:
4378:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4254:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4237:
4233:
4231:9781400854950
4227:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4102:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4054:, p. 25.
4053:
4048:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4021:
4018:
4013:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3993:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3959:, p. 24.
3958:
3953:
3950:
3947:, p. 22.
3946:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3926:
3923:, p. 31.
3922:
3917:
3914:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3887:
3879:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3819:, p. 99.
3818:
3817:O'Connor 2015
3813:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3675:, p. 95.
3674:
3669:
3666:
3663:, p. 94.
3662:
3657:
3654:
3651:, p. 85.
3650:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3630:
3627:, p. 86.
3626:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3582:
3579:, p. 84.
3578:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3553:
3550:, p. 83.
3549:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3526:, p. 82.
3525:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3511:, p. 62.
3510:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3457:, p. 80.
3456:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3379:, p. 61.
3378:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3343:
3340:, p. 60.
3339:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3319:
3316:, p. 79.
3315:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3301:, p. 78.
3300:
3295:
3292:
3289:, p. 77.
3288:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3274:, p. 66.
3273:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3247:, p. 65.
3246:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3232:, p. 59.
3231:
3226:
3223:
3220:, p. 57.
3219:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3193:, p. 47.
3192:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3157:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3101:, p. 34.
3100:
3095:
3092:
3089:, p. 27.
3088:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2960:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2872:
2871:
2855:
2854:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2604:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2564:
2563:
2547:
2546:
2530:
2529:
2513:
2512:
2496:
2495:
2479:
2478:
2462:
2461:
2445:
2444:
2428:
2427:
2411:
2410:
2394:
2393:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2354:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2309:
2308:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2255:
2254:White Russian
2252:
2251:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2122:
2121:Great Russian
2119:
2118:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1684:Weißenstein (
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1589:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1439:Cape Stenskär
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:Soviet Russia
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1288:Eastern Front
1285:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1193:Bloody Sunday
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1176:Jaan Tõnisson
1165:
1164:
1160:, founder of
1159:
1153:
1144:
1143:Jaan Tõnisson
1138:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:Protestantism
1104:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1066:Russification
1058:
1055:, painted by
1054:
1053:Road to Reval
1050:
1044:Russification
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1001:
996:
995:Lydia Koidula
991:
989:
988:Alexander III
985:
981:
977:
969:
966:, written by
965:
964:
958:
954:
952:
948:
942:
937:
932:
928:
924:
918:
910:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
815:
808:
806:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:Jaan Tõnisson
761:
757:
754:replaced the
753:
749:
748:Russification
745:
744:Alexander III
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:
671:
667:
655:
650:
648:
643:
641:
636:
635:
633:
632:
629:
619:
618:
615:
614:
610:
609:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
552:
551:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
519:
518:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
484:
479:
478:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
436:
435:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Narva culture
405:
403:
402:Kunda culture
400:
399:
396:
391:
390:
386:
382:
381:
378:
371:
366:
360:
352:
350:
347: •
341:
339:
336: •
330:
322:
309:
301:
288:
286:
284:
276:
273:(present-day
270:
262:
254:
247:
244:
233:
218:
206:
201:
192:
185:
181:
177:
170:
166:
162:
151:
150:
143:
137:
125:
121:
118:
110:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
72:
71:
65:
59:
57:
52:You can help
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6208:
6099:
6092:
6052:Coat of arms
6037:Architecture
5979:Demographics
5908:Central bank
5871:(parliament)
5867:
5825:Human rights
5805:Constitution
5690:Deportations
5668:World War II
5661:Estonian SSR
5608:
5589:Livonian War
5552:list of wars
5477:
5463:
5444:
5437:
5425:
5419:Dependencies
5367:
5360:
5348:
5331:
5314:
5292:
5281:Governorates
5261:Sankt-Mikhel
5224:Governorates
5213:
5206:
5199:
5138:
5121:
5109:
5097:
5090:
5073:
5038:
5019:Transcaspian
4989:
4977:Stepnoy Krai
4945:
4938:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4878:
4871:
4831:
4804:
4737:
4730:
4718:
4681:
4627:
4615:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4562:
4530:
4510:Ingermanland
4508:
4501:
4494:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4451:
4439:
4419:
4406:Governorates
4358:
4350:
4340:
4332:
4311:. Retrieved
4281:
4277:
4270:Raukas, Anto
4241:
4221:
4201:
4181:
4178:Raukas, Anto
4159:
4136:
4116:
4105:
4088:Bibliography
4073:. Retrieved
4071:(in Russian)
4068:
4059:
4047:
4027:
4020:
4001:
3995:
3983:. Retrieved
3981:(in Russian)
3978:
3952:
3940:
3928:
3916:
3910:(in Russian)
3902:
3890:. Retrieved
3878:
3866:
3854:
3812:
3805:Plakans 2011
3800:
3788:
3776:
3764:
3752:
3740:
3733:Plakans 2011
3703:Plakans 2011
3688:Plakans 2011
3668:
3656:
3644:
3637:Plakans 2011
3632:
3620:
3613:Plakans 2011
3608:
3601:Plakans 2011
3596:
3589:Plakans 2011
3584:
3560:Plakans 2011
3555:
3543:
3536:Plakans 2011
3531:
3504:
3497:Thaden 2014b
3482:Plakans 2011
3477:
3470:Thaden 2014b
3450:
3443:Thaden 2014b
3428:Thaden 2014b
3423:
3416:Thaden 2014b
3411:
3404:Thaden 2014b
3399:
3392:Thaden 2014b
3362:Thaden 2014b
3357:
3350:Thaden 2014b
3345:
3333:
3326:Thaden 2014b
3321:
3294:
3257:Thaden 2014b
3252:
3225:
3203:Thaden 2014b
3198:
3186:
3166:
3159:
3147:. Retrieved
3141:
3132:
3120:. Retrieved
3116:the original
3106:
3099:Thaden 2014b
3094:
3087:Thaden 2014a
3082:
3073:
3067:
3048:
2942:
2907:
2724:Old Believer
2073:
2061:
1891:Demographics
1602:
1594:
1577:Pärnu County
1542:
1538:
1511:
1472:
1404:
1364:
1336:
1330:
1277:
1265:
1234:Jaan Teemant
1222:Selbstschutz
1221:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1190:
1183:
1172:
1161:
1118:
1115:
1100:
1079:
1071:
1062:
1052:
1030:Ado Reinvald
1026:Mihkel Veske
1021:
1015:
1000:Emajõe ööbik
998:
992:
973:
961:
923:Alexander II
920:
886:
851:
835:Livonian War
820:
800:
784:Jaan Teemant
766:founded the
736:
694:, including
673:
669:
665:
663:
612:
581:World War II
527:
490:Livonian War
287:
221:Coat of arms
136:
99:edit summary
90:
61:
53:
6230: /
5913:e-Residency
5903:Agriculture
5427:Bukey Horde
5081:Elizavetpol
4929:Primorskaya
4891:Transbaikal
4640:Novorossiya
4532:Kiev (1708)
4435:Arkhangelsk
3892:22 December
3847:Raukas 2018
3832:Raukas 2018
3022:Belarusians
2623:Percentage
2373:Percentage
2096:Percentage
1659:Wesenberg (
1636:1897 census
1452:Lake Peipus
1435:Narva river
1427:Lake Peipus
1268:World War I
1226:hard labour
1210:Bürgermusse
1201:counterpart
1038:1897 census
1003: [
939: [
862:Charles XII
776:martial law
465:Old Livonia
374:History of
252:Established
205:Governorate
58:in Estonian
6245:Categories
6218:24°44′43″E
6215:59°26′14″N
6153:Television
6133:Newspapers
6100:Kalevipoeg
6087:Literature
6004:Healthcare
5820:Government
5410:Chernovtsy
5350:Podlyashye
4880:Bessarabia
4806:Voznesensk
4459:Bessarabia
3170:. Rodopi.
3018:Ukrainians
2929:References
1868:1902–1905
1862:1894–1902
1856:1885–1894
1847:1870–1875
1832:1833–1841
1826:1832–1833
1817:1816–1819
1811:1811–1816
1802:1808–1809
1793:1786–1797
1763:Population
1632:Population
1553:Lääne-Viru
1415:Baltic Sea
1343:Mensheviks
1333:Jaan Poska
1188:in Reval.
1022:Kalevipoeg
1017:Kalevipoeg
963:Kalevipoeg
949:, and the
778:, causing
613:Chronology
450:Viking Age
315:Population
6118:Mythology
6082:Languages
5989:Estonians
5984:Education
5948:Transport
5923:Oil shale
5868:Riigikogu
5857:President
5810:Elections
5722:Geography
5400:Peremyshl
5266:Tavastgus
5069:Black Sea
5040:Turkestan
5024:Samarkand
4985:Akmolinsk
4896:Kamchatka
4849:Yeniseysk
4839:Yaroslavl
4750:Stavropol
4671:Petrograd
4617:Nikolayev
4581:Lithuania
4485:Chernigov
4447:Astrakhan
4308:240432618
4300:2534-4358
3793:Raun 1991
3781:Raun 1991
3769:Raun 1991
3757:Raun 1991
3745:Raun 1991
3718:Raun 1991
3673:Raun 1991
3661:Raun 1991
3649:Raun 1991
3625:Raun 1991
3577:Raun 1991
3548:Raun 1991
3524:Raun 1991
3509:Raun 1991
3455:Raun 1991
3377:Raun 1991
3338:Raun 1991
3314:Raun 1991
3299:Raun 1991
3287:Raun 1991
3272:Raun 1991
3245:Raun 1991
3230:Raun 1991
3218:Raun 1991
3191:Raun 1991
3040:Citations
2969:romanized
2800:Mennonite
2514:Mennonite
2497:Irvingian
2292:Norwegian
1788:Governors
1495:kukersite
1483:Pandivere
1401:Geography
1293:Petrograd
1273:Austrians
708:Peter I's
675:guberniya
445:Oeselians
260:Abolished
117:talk page
6193:Category
6077:Internet
6072:Folklore
6009:Religion
5933:Taxation
5847:Military
5788:Politics
5547:Timeline
5531:articles
5405:Tarnopol
5362:Sandomir
5339:Petrokov
5294:Avgustov
5271:Uleaborg
5190:Courland
5140:Imeretia
5134:Dagestan
5123:Armenian
5111:Shemakha
4947:Tarnopol
4934:Sakhalin
4909:Kwantung
4886:Don Host
4873:Belostok
4822:Voronezh
4817:Volhynia
4800:Vladimir
4745:Smolensk
4726:Simbirsk
4650:Orenburg
4635:Novgorod
4570:Kostroma
4503:Iziaslav
4479:Caucasus
4465:Bratslav
4453:Belgorod
4313:28 March
4272:(2018).
4158:(2011).
4075:23 March
3985:11 March
3057:Archived
3014:Russians
2990:Estonian
2912:See also
2762:Reformed
2743:Anglican
2629:Lutheran
2480:Brethren
2463:Reformed
2446:Anglican
2378:Lutheran
2346:Religion
2102:Estonian
2084:Language
2056:Source:
1773:Paldiski
1766:Part of
1746:157,736
1711:Haapsalu
1709:Hapsal (
1671:120,230
1652:Wierland
1557:Ida-Viru
1460:Wierland
1443:Kõrksaar
1345:and the
882:dominion
866:advanced
831:Eric XIV
792:autonomy
720:Paul I's
365:a series
363:Part of
283:Counties
176:Estonian
93:provide
6177:Outline
6158:Theatre
6128:Symbols
6057:Cuisine
6024:Culture
5962:Society
5943:Tourism
5891:Economy
5749:Islands
5734:Climate
5539:History
5527:Estonia
5478:Italics
5375:Suvalki
5369:Sedlets
5333:Mazovia
5327:Lyublin
5256:Nyuland
5228:Finland
5214:Estonia
5195:Livonia
5166:Zakatal
5161:Sukhumi
5105:Kutaisi
5099:Georgia
5075:Derbent
5046:Fergana
5007:Oblasts
4973:Oblasts
4940:Taurida
4902:Caspian
4859:Oblasts
4812:Vologda
4795:Vitebsk
4770:Tobolsk
4755:Taurida
4720:Siberia
4714:Saratov
4689:Poltava
4683:Polotsk
4677:Podolia
4645:Olonets
4606:Mogilev
4564:Kolyvan
4548:Kherson
4543:Kharkov
4516:Irkutsk
4496:Finland
4472:Belarus
4117:Estonia
3149:29 July
3122:29 July
2971::
2950:Russian
2902:100.00
2899:412,716
2896:210,307
2893:202,409
2781:Karaite
2705:Baptist
2686:Judaism
2639:370,105
2636:192,110
2633:177,995
2594:100.00
2591:376,337
2588:192,014
2585:184,323
2531:Baptist
2412:Judaism
2387:354,375
2384:183,972
2381:170,403
2339:100.00
2336:412,716
2333:210,307
2330:202,409
2235:Finnish
2216:Latvian
2159:Swedish
2112:365,959
2109:188,987
2106:176,972
2090:Females
2048:412,716
2037:392,138
2026:388,690
2015:386,097
2004:388,484
1993:380,449
1982:377,688
1971:374,890
1960:371,571
1949:376,770
1938:364,094
1927:360,563
1736:Tallinn
1734:Reval (
1727:Harrien
1721:82,077
1696:52,673
1661:Rakvere
1545:Estonia
1518:Hiiumaa
1508:in 1845
1487:Emumägi
1431:Hiiumaa
1338:Maapäev
1238:Finland
1230:Siberia
1185:Teataja
1163:Teataja
1083:Russian
1059:in 1900
984:zemstvo
905:Serfdom
893:Tallinn
874:Livonia
870:Estonia
854:Peter I
809:History
732:Tallinn
696:Hiiumaa
688:Estonia
682:of the
376:Estonia
323:412,716
275:Tallinn
268:Capital
242:Country
161:Russian
115:to the
97:in the
60:.
6198:Portal
6047:Cinema
6032:Anthem
5918:Energy
5769:Rivers
5529:
5344:Plotsk
5322:Lomzha
5316:Krakov
5310:Keltsy
5305:Kalish
5300:Warsaw
5285:Poland
5251:Kuopio
5246:Vyborg
5117:Tiflis
5086:Erivan
4953:Turgay
4833:Vyborg
4827:Vyatka
4760:Tambov
4739:Slonim
4704:Samara
4699:Ryazan
4611:Moscow
4526:Kaluga
4490:Grodno
4306:
4298:
4249:
4228:
4209:
4188:
4166:
4144:
4123:
4035:
4008:
3174:
2981:German
2658:37,817
2655:16,331
2652:21,486
2642:89.68
2620:Number
2612:Female
2565:Others
2404:18,569
2398:11,904
2390:94.16
2370:Number
2362:Female
2197:Polish
2178:Jewish
2150:16,037
2140:German
2131:20,439
2125:12,441
2115:88.67
1677:Jerwen
1622:County
1613:kreise
1609:German
1534:Nargen
1532:, and
1526:Kassar
1313:Pernau
1305:Fellin
1301:Dorpat
945:, the
847:Ingria
837:. The
716:Sweden
700:Vormsi
417:Chudes
367:on the
353:81.32%
342:18.68%
191:German
187:
172:
157:
6184:Index
6148:Sport
6143:Radio
6113:Music
6108:Media
6067:Flags
6014:Women
5974:Crime
5774:Towns
5754:Lakes
5744:Fauna
5356:Radom
5201:Reval
5156:Terek
5151:Kuban
5129:Batum
4963:Yakut
4790:Vilna
4775:Tomsk
4694:Pskov
4660:Penza
4655:Oryol
4601:Minsk
4575:Kursk
4558:Kovno
4553:Kholm
4521:Kazan
4429:Altai
4357:[
4339:[
4304:S2CID
2934:Notes
2890:TOTAL
2885:0.02
2868:0.03
2851:0.00
2832:0.00
2813:0.00
2794:0.00
2775:0.02
2756:0.02
2737:0.08
2718:0.16
2699:0.34
2696:1,403
2680:0.49
2677:2,034
2671:1,386
2661:9.16
2615:Both
2606:Faith
2582:TOTAL
2577:0.05
2560:0.00
2543:0.00
2526:0.00
2509:0.00
2492:0.00
2475:0.03
2458:0.04
2441:0.32
2438:1,214
2424:0.47
2421:1,679
2407:4.93
2401:6,665
2365:Both
2356:Faith
2327:TOTAL
2322:0.13
2310:Other
2305:0.04
2286:0.06
2267:0.06
2248:0.09
2229:0.11
2210:0.30
2207:1,237
2191:0.31
2188:1,261
2172:1.39
2169:5,768
2166:3,043
2163:2,725
2153:1.39
2147:9,046
2144:6,991
2134:4.95
2128:7,998
2087:Males
2051:+5.2%
2040:+0.9%
2029:+0.7%
2018:−0.6%
2007:+2.1%
1996:+0.7%
1985:+0.7%
1974:+0.9%
1963:−1.4%
1952:+3.5%
1941:+1.0%
1778:1,268
1686:Paide
1604:uezdy
1598:уѣзды
1569:Lääne
1565:Järva
1561:Rapla
1549:Harju
1522:Worms
1317:Werro
1007:]
943:]
868:into
728:Reval
412:Aesti
349:Rural
338:Urban
271:Reval
77:DeepL
6123:Name
6042:Beer
5830:LGBT
5395:Lvov
5241:Vaza
5208:Riga
5146:Kars
4958:Ural
4923:Omsk
4867:Amur
4780:Tula
4765:Tver
4665:Perm
4538:Kiev
4421:Azov
4411:List
4315:2024
4296:ISSN
4247:ISBN
4226:ISBN
4207:ISBN
4186:ISBN
4164:ISBN
4142:ISBN
4121:ISBN
4077:2024
4033:ISBN
4006:ISBN
3987:2024
3894:2013
3172:ISBN
3151:2022
3124:2022
2609:Male
2359:Male
2069:O.S.
2045:1897
2034:1887
2023:1886
2012:1885
2001:1884
1990:1883
1979:1882
1968:1881
1957:1880
1946:1879
1935:1878
1924:1877
1913:Pop.
1909:Year
1760:Town
1702:Wiek
1629:Area
1573:Hiiu
1571:and
1462:and
1454:and
1425:and
1379:O.S.
1321:Walk
1309:Ösel
1297:O.S.
1260:and
1214:Aula
872:and
758:and
698:and
664:The
294:Area
263:1917
255:1796
91:must
89:You
6093:ABD
5837:Law
5283:of
5226:of
5009:of
4975:of
4785:Ufa
4286:doi
2865:129
2734:328
2731:154
2728:174
2715:662
2712:429
2709:233
2693:483
2690:920
2674:648
2574:204
2568:131
2472:127
2455:158
2449:136
2435:459
2432:755
2418:746
2415:933
2319:553
2316:224
2313:329
2302:160
2296:131
2283:230
2277:210
2264:230
2258:215
2245:362
2239:271
2226:472
2223:121
2220:351
2204:316
2201:921
2185:417
2182:852
1228:in
79:or
6247::
5484:³
5476:¹
4302:.
4294:.
4282:42
4280:.
4276:.
4104:.
3964:^
3839:^
3824:^
3725:^
3710:^
3695:^
3680:^
3567:^
3516:^
3489:^
3462:^
3435:^
3384:^
3369:^
3306:^
3279:^
3264:^
3237:^
3210:^
3140:.
3055:.
3003:^
2992::
2983::
2966:,
2962::
2956:,
2952::
2882:75
2879:15
2876:60
2862:69
2859:60
2772:77
2769:39
2766:38
2753:81
2750:29
2747:52
2571:73
2469:71
2466:56
2452:22
2299:29
2280:20
2261:15
2242:91
1918:±%
1638:)
1611::
1607:;
1601:,
1579:.
1567:,
1563:,
1559:,
1555:,
1551:,
1536:.
1528:,
1524:,
1315:,
1311:,
1307:,
1303:,
1032:,
1028:,
1005:et
953:.
941:et
849:.
762:.
5519:e
5512:t
5505:v
5455:²
5451:*
5183:³
4673:²
4669:*
4431:²
4427:+
4424:¹
4413:)
4409:(
4390:e
4383:t
4376:v
4317:.
4288::
4255:.
4234:.
4215:.
4194:.
4172:.
4150:.
4129:.
4079:.
4041:.
4014:.
3989:.
3896:.
3180:.
3153:.
3126:.
2848:1
2845:0
2842:1
2829:1
2826:0
2823:1
2810:1
2807:0
2804:1
2791:2
2788:0
2785:2
2557:1
2554:0
2551:1
2540:1
2537:0
2534:1
2523:1
2520:1
2517:0
2506:1
2503:0
2500:1
2489:7
2486:5
2483:2
1775:)
1738:)
1713:)
1688:)
1663:)
1634:(
653:e
646:t
639:v
289:4
277:)
193:)
189:(
178:)
174:(
163:)
159:(
126:.
119:.
34:.
20:)
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