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665:. In 1946 there appears have been conflicting suggestions of why the town was called "Estcourt" - one body of opinion favouring the view that the town was named after Captain Estcourt, a member of the party who established the military outpost in 1847 and the other favouring the view that the town was named after Thomas Estcourt MP in 1863. Pearce, after extensive research which was backed up by the Ralfe family legend, supported the latter view which is now the accepted view.
129:
641:. On 4 December that year a military post known as Bushman's River Post was established on a hill dominating the ford, whilst at the same time a village known as Bushman's River was established across the river. On 4 January 1848 the Surveyor General recommended that the seat for the new magisterial district of Impofane be located at Bushmans River Drift. Initially the recommendation was ignored and the magistracy was located at
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796:, a Byrne settler and dairy industry pioneer, established a milk processing plant in Estcourt under the name of the Natal Creamery Ltd. This factory was located adjacent to the railway station. Baynes died in 1925 and in 1927 the factory, which by this time was owned by South African Condensed Milk Ltd. was bought by
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After a number of attempts to establish private schools had failed due to lack of support, the town's first government school, the
Estcourt Government School was established in 1886 with an initial role of 45 children. In accordance with the prevailing colonial policy, the school only admitted pupils
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area in 1880, some 100 km north of
Estcourt led to the building of a railway line to link the coalfields with Durban. In 1885 the railway reached Estcourt and a bridge that is still in use today was built across the Bushman's River. The completion of the line to the coalfields the following year
886:
Harry
William Lambert, the Lambert Park in Estcourt named after him. Mayor of Estcourt 1948/49, arriving in South Africa from Edinburgh Scotland with his wife Jessie in 1920, dedicated his services to developing and manufacturing the Eskort Bacon Factory (the Farmers' Co-operative Bacon Factory)
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supplied over one million tins of sausages to the Allied forces all over the world and over 12 tonnes of bacon weekly to convoys calling at Durban harbour. A sister plant was built in
Heidelberg and in 1967 the Eskort brand was the largest processed meat brand in South Africa. In 1998 the company
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era, Esctourt was a predominantly white and Asian town. The nearby
Wembezi township was home to a large black population. In 1995 these two areas were incorporated into a transitional local council prior to the setting up of the uMtshezi Municipality. The new council continues to display the old
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buildings are strong and substantial, being for the most part constructed of hewn stone. A fort crowns the hill to the southward. There are in the town three churches, four hotels, and at the station a railway bar, A commodious sanatorium in connection with the Roman
Catholic Mission has recently
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church was built on the banks of the
Bushman's River, and Fort Durnford was built in 1874 by Lt-Col Durnford, a military engineer, as a base for the Natal Mounted Police. The fort became a substantial stronghold, and was used to protect transport riders and the herds of cattle driven across the
820:
factory in
Estcourt. Masonite was a hardboard product developed in the United States in 1924 by William H. Mason. The mill is in Estcourt, but its headquarters are in Durban and uses timber harvested from 21 922 ha of productive commercial plantations owned by the company. The mill currently
807:
and marketed its products under the brand name Eskort. In August 1920, the company secured the services of Mr. H.W. Lambert of
Scotland as 'sausage maker', thereby starting a tradition for quality sausages whose reputation has since become world famous. The following year the factory commenced
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By the 1920s the school had expanded to 226 children and in 1924 four children sat the matriculation exam. This sparked a growth in demand for secondary education, and in 1927 the school was split into two - Estcourt Junior School retaining the old school building and
909:, AFC, RFC-RAF_SAAF, born 10 July 1892, in Estcourt Pioneer aviator of the early 1920s having flown in World War I with the RFC awarded the AFC while flying in the Palestine Campaign 1917-1918 and KIA in World War II while flying with the SAAF in North Africa
757:, 10 km to the south of Estcourt, the Boers withdrew to a position behind the Tugela River. British reinforcements arrived and once Ladysmith was relieved on 1 March 1900, formal Boer opposition melted away and the colony was secured.
837:
At the turn of the century, the
Estcourt Government School had about 100 children and offered formal education only at primary level, although the occasional bright student was coached at secondary level to enable them to enter university.
753:, then a war correspondent based himself. On 15 November a raiding party ambushed an armoured train at Frere, 20 km north of Estcourt taking 70 prisoners including Churchill. After another raiding party was surprised on 23 November at
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a South African town—that is to say, it is a collection of about three hundred detached stone or corrugated iron houses, nearly all one-storied, arranged along two broad streets—for space is plentiful—or straggling away towards the
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During the twentieth century, Estcourt developed from being a market town serving the local farming community to one in which the products from the farming community were used in the manufacture of consumer products.
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was constructed on the Bushman's River some 2 km upstream from the town of Estcourt. The dam was designed to irrigate 3,000 ha of land that lay upstream from the river's confluence with the Tugela River.
574:, a tribe that traced its origins as a separate nation to the early eighteenth century. The San had sought sanctuary in the foothills of the Drakensberg. In the early nineteenth century the Zulu king
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After the Second World War, both schools continued to grow and in 1960 a second primary school - Drakensview Primary School - was built to accommodate the overflow from the Estcourt Junior School.
538:
crossing. In earlier years the main road, later to become the N3, passed through the town. The town itself is 1196 m above sea level and lies in the hilly country that dominates most of the
846:(as the secondary school later became known) moving to Hospital Hill on the outskirts of the town. The new school had a boarding establishment, and soon the boarders outnumbered the day pupils.
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broke out on 11 October 1899, the Boer forces had 21,000 men ready to invade the Colony of Natal. Ranged against them, the British had 13,000 men. The Boers under the command of
713:
after the war the school was unable to survive and the sanatorium had to complete with a nursing home that was run by one of the two doctors in the town. Changing attitudes after
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In August 1917 the Farmer's Co-operative Bacon Factory Limited was founded and the building of the factory commenced. The factory was opened on 6 June 1918 by the Prime Minister
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780:
In the last census of the century, taken in 1991, the population of Esctourt was recorded as being approximately 3 407 whites, 710 coloureds, 5 432 Asians and 1 296 blacks.
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to build his empire, which led to a depopulation of the area. Thus, when the white settlers first arrived in the Estcourt area, the land appeared to be almost uninhabited.
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Estcourt coat of arms on its letterheads. In 2008, the estimated population of the uMtshezi Municipality was 57189 blacks, 1726 coloureds, 6155 Asians, and 3244 whites.
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been established near the town. The population is put down at about 300 residents, though on market days, quite a large throng of farmers are to be met in its streets
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and the opening of hospitals run by the Provincial Departments contributed to the order closing its mission and the sanatorium in Estcourt in the late 1960s.
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The settler community was further strengthened by the arrival of the Byrne Settlers - English immigrants whose settlement in the Colony was sponsored by
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618:. Mpande seceded the land south of the Tugela River to the settlers which included the area that was to become Estcourt. The Voortrekkers set up the
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families in the town. The sanatorium was well used during the period when the railway line was being constructed and during the Boer War. Due to an
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establishment in Natal staffed mainly by French-speaking nuns from Canada and France. The mission had a school, sanatorium and a chapel for the
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Estcourt became a municipality in 1914. The Augustinian Order of Natal, having been present in the town since the 1890s built a chapel in 1929.
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ford. It is as secure as any castle with drinking water tanks in the basement, a drawbridge, moat and two secret tunnels.
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in 1842, they abandoned their settlements and moved into the interior, leaving Natalia to the British who established the
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As the twentieth century dawned, Estcourt's position as a communications hub was enhanced by the building of the
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in 1907 to enable agricultural produce from Weenen to reach the main cities. (This line was closed in 1983).
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602:, and his party were murdered by Dingane on 6 February 1838 and on 17 February attacks, since known as the
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The Royal Engineers and settlement planning in the Cape Colony 1806–1872: Approach, methodology and impact
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and a secular academic curriculum. As of 2018, it is the best performing private school in the district.
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645:, some 30 km away but in 1859, with the growing importance of Estcourt, the seat was moved there.
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crossed the border into the Natal Colony and rapidly advanced to the Tugela river, laying siege to
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In 1899, when he arrived at Estcourt as a war correspondent, Churchill described the town as "
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settler community and Estcourt, being so close to the Tugela River become a frontier outpost.
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where he introduced the Estcourt pork sausage as well as encouraged quality pig farming.
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encamped on the banks of the Bushmans River in anticipation of securing land right from
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1048:"Fifty years of the history of the Republic in South Africa (1795–1845). Vol. II"
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In 1847 Clem Heeley was the owner of an inn and trading store at a ford on the
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The first recorded settlement in the Estcourt area was in 1838 when a group of
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railway line some 160 km north of Durban and 25 km south of the
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1403:"Mark Bristow: the man least likely to suffer when gold loses its lustre"
1119:. Sir Joseph Causton and Sons, London 1895, digitised by Internet Archive
1117:"The Colony of Natal: An Official Illustrated Handbook and Railway Guide"
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1050:. Unwin, London, digitised by the University of Pretoria. Archived from
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The earliest identifiable inhabitants of the Estcourt area were the
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In 1895, the traveller Ingram described Estcourt as having " ...
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passes close to the town, linking it to the rest of South Africa.
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was converted from a cooperative to a limited liability company.
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The mission station itself had been opened in 1892 - the second
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provided Estcourt with a good communications link to the coast.
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Populated places in the Inkosi Langalibalele Local Municipality
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1202:
Diamonds, Gold and War - The Making of South Africa; Chapter 39
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community with a combined educational option, offering both
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and processed food factories situated around the town. The
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and the Mooi River. After a Voortrekker retaliation at the
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At some time close to the start of the twentieth century,
630:. Thus Natal acquired an English-speaking rather than an
1330:
958:(PhD thesis). University of Pretoria. pp. xlv–lii.
800:. Today the factory produces Coffee, MILO and NESQUIK.
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and the Little Bushmans River. It is also on the main
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1356:. Water Institute of Southern Africa. Archived from
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Sable and Murray - The story of Estcourt High School
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1139:"The centenary of the Augustinian Sisters in Natal"
749:first established his Natal headquarters and where
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681:The confirmation of large deposits of coal in the
1097:. Artefacts - The South African Built Environment
1036:, T.V.Bulpin Publications Ltd., Cape Town, 1966
502:, South Africa. The main economic activity is
852:Towards the end of the twentieth century, the
546:lies some 41 km to the west of the town.
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821:employs 900 people and chips 600 logs a day.
808:exports to the United Kingdom and during the
614:, Dingane was deposed and his place taken by
522:Estcourt is located at the confluence of the
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1084:, The Natal Witness, Pietermaritzburg, 1946
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1431:SA Rugby - Official Home of the Springboks
1295:"Welcome to the Baynesfield Estate Museum"
649:The Byrne settlers and the name "Estcourt"
570:, a pastoral people and in particular the
36:
856:was established to serve the large local
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903:- South African Rugby player (1993–1999)
854:Siraatul Haq Islamic School and Madrasah
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1095:"DURNFORD, Anthony William, (Lt.-Col)"
566:. The San had been displaced by the
1593:UThukela District within South Africa
824:In 1963 the 58.5 million cubic metre
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257:60.74 km (23.45 sq mi)
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1699:Populated places established in 1848
1379:"Integrated Development Plan 2008/9"
562:periods have been found on the farm
34:Place in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
1491:Municipalities and communities of
1227:Godfrey Symons & Col. Martin.
1046:Voigt, J.C. (Johan Carel) (1899).
1012:(27). The Natal Society: 115. 1997
816:1948 saw the establishment of the
598:, the Zulu king. The negotiator,
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1184:London to Ladysmith via Pretoria
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1493:UThukela District Municipality
945:Robson, Linda Gillian (2011).
767:Estcourt - Weenen railway line
1:
265:1,196 m (3,924 ft)
1456:uMtshezi Local Municipality
1204:, Pocket Books, London 2007
1715:
1152:. The Natal Society: 54–65
1115:J. Forsyth Ingram (1895).
1034:Natal and the Zulu Country
921:, died in Estcourt in 1967
915:, born in Estcourt in 1964
747:General Sir Redvers Buller
26:
1586:
1503:
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88:Show map of KwaZulu-Natal
61:
49:
29:Estcourt (disambiguation)
1331:Eskort Limited Home Page
1250:"Country Roads - Weenen"
927:- Miss South Africa 1998
907:Capt. James Douglas Mail
118:Show map of South Africa
56:Estcourt railway station
1384:. uMtshezi Municipality
1231:. Durban Light Infantry
596:Dingane kaSenzangakhona
286:360/km (940/sq mi)
18:Estcourt, KwaZulu-Natal
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1320:Nestlés S.A. Home Page
1217:- Cresset, London 1963
784:Industrial development
739:General Petrus Joubert
500:KwaZulu-Natal Province
1592:
1354:"Wagendrift Dam: KZN"
985:"Main Place Estcourt"
893:, Chief Executive of
773:Municipal development
690:of European descent.
612:Battle of Blood River
177:29.00000°S 29.88333°E
1602:Inkosi Langalibalele
1275:"Umtshezi Home Page"
1137:Joy B Brain (1991).
844:Estcourt High School
669:The settlement grows
291:Racial makeup (2011)
283: • Density
235:Inkosi Langalibalele
27:For other uses, see
1003:"Notes and Queries"
805:General Louis Botha
711:economic depression
703:Augustinian Sisters
494:) is a town in the
182:-29.00000; 29.88333
173: /
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1342:Masonite Home Page
1310:Baynesfield Museum
1229:"23 November 1899"
1174:Churchill, Winston
897:, born in Estcourt
895:Randgold Resources
632:Afrikaans-speaking
624:Battle of Congella
586:The first settlers
404: • Other
344: • Other
275: • Total
254: • Total
148:Show map of Africa
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1215:Buller's Campaign
913:Charmaine Weavers
751:Winston Churchill
496:uThukela District
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1054:on 2011-06-06
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799:
795:
794:Joseph Baynes
790:
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755:Willow Grange
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298:Black African
296: •
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211:KwaZulu-Natal
209:
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197:
195:
186:
158:Coordinates:
130:
100:
70:
53:
38:
30:
19:
1614:
1555:Kleinfontein
1550:Elandslaagte
1506:
1436:. Retrieved
1430:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1409:. 6 May 2011
1407:The Guardian
1406:
1397:
1386:. Retrieved
1373:
1362:. Retrieved
1358:the original
1348:
1337:
1326:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:the original
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1269:
1258:. Retrieved
1254:the original
1244:
1233:. Retrieved
1222:
1214:
1213:Symons, J -
1209:
1201:
1200:Meredith M,
1196:
1186:– via
1183:
1154:. Retrieved
1149:
1145:
1132:
1121:. Retrieved
1110:
1099:. Retrieved
1089:
1081:
1056:. Retrieved
1052:the original
1041:
1033:
1014:. Retrieved
1009:
997:
988:
954:
947:"Annexure A"
940:
925:Sonia Raciti
891:Mark Bristow
871:
851:
848:
840:
836:
823:
815:
802:
791:
787:
779:
776:
764:
761:20th century
732:
721:
719:
700:
694:
692:
688:
680:
672:
652:
636:
592:Voortrekkers
589:
568:Bantu people
563:
553:
550:19th century
536:Tugela River
532:Johannesburg
521:
465:
464:
230:Municipality
199:South Africa
1540:Driefontein
1525:Brakfontein
1517:Alfred Duma
1413:26 November
989:Census 2011
919:Jack Condon
872:During the
673:In 1872 an
600:Piet Retief
544:Drakensberg
506:with large
430:Postal code
241:Established
180: /
1688:Categories
1658:Geluksburg
1645:Okhahlamba
1610:Cornfields
1580:Watersmeet
1570:Van Reenen
1560:Kliprivier
1438:2009-10-22
1388:2009-09-04
1364:2009-09-03
1305:2009-09-04
1280:2009-09-03
1260:2009-10-13
1235:2008-10-28
1188:Wikisource
1156:2011-05-18
1123:2009-09-11
1101:2009-10-13
1058:2009-09-03
1016:2011-01-30
964:2263/26503
932:References
715:Vatican II
512:N3 freeway
395:S. Ndebele
270:Population
168:29°53′00″E
165:29°00′00″S
1673:Winterton
1653:Bergville
1565:Ladysmith
1545:Ekuvukeni
1535:Danskraal
1508:Ladysmith
1179:"5"
874:Apartheid
833:Education
743:Ladysmith
733:When the
578:used the
455:Area code
413:Time zone
384:Afrikaans
262:Elevation
1668:Rookdale
1625:Goodhome
1615:Estcourt
1575:Waayhoek
1176:(1900).
818:Masonite
675:Anglican
560:Iron Age
524:Bushmans
518:Location
466:Estcourt
432:(street)
309:Coloured
223:Uthukela
218:District
206:Province
142:Estcourt
112:Estcourt
82:Estcourt
44:Umtshezi
41:Estcourt
1635:Wembezi
1530:Colenso
1146:Natalia
1010:Natalia
862:Islamic
723:country
580:Mfecane
542:. The
504:farming
373:English
194:Country
1663:Moyeni
1630:Weenen
858:Muslim
798:Nestlé
683:Dundee
643:Weenen
616:Mpande
528:Durban
443:PO box
355:(2011)
320:Indian
278:22,071
1620:Frere
1382:(PDF)
1142:(PDF)
1006:(PDF)
950:(PDF)
868:Today
576:Shaka
508:bacon
418:UTC+2
377:31.9%
366:60.9%
335:White
328:20.5%
324:Asian
302:68.8%
1415:2012
657:, a
572:Zulu
448:3310
436:3310
422:SAST
407:3.7%
399:1.1%
388:2.4%
362:Zulu
347:1.0%
339:5.3%
313:4.4%
249:Area
244:1848
960:hdl
725:".
698:."
556:San
498:of
459:036
1690::
1495:,
1405:.
1182:.
1165:^
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478:s
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468:(
424:)
420:(
322:/
31:.
20:)
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