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in performance in time between women in 1C (SP3, SP4), 2 (SP4) and 3 in the 60 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the 60 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the 200 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the 400 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the slalom. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the javelin. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the 100 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the 200 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 2 (SP4) and 3 in the 400 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 2 (SP4), 3 and 4 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 2 (SP4), 3 and 4 in the 100 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 2 (SP4), 3, 4,5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 3, 4,5 and 6 in the 200 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 3, 4 and 5 in the 60 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 3 and 4 in the javelin. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 3 and 4 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the javelin. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the 60 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the 800 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the 1,500 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between women in 4, 5 and 6 in the slalom. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the discus. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the shot put. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the 100 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the 800 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the 1,500 meters. It found there was little significant difference in performance in time between men in 4, 5 and 6 in the slalom.
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This height includes any cushioning or padding. Throwers can have footplates on their frames, but the footplate can only be used for stability. It cannot be used to push off from. Rests can be used on the frame but they need to be present only for safety reasons and to aide in athlete stability. They need to be manufactured from rigid materials that do not move. These materials may include steel or aluminum. The backrest can have cushioning but it cannot be thicker than 5 centimetres (2.0 in). It cannot have any movable parts. The frame can also have a holding bar. The holding bar needs to be round or square, and needs to be a single straight piece. Athletes are not required to use a holding bar during their throw, and they can hold on to any part of the frame during their throw. Throwing frames should be inspected prior to the event. This should be done either in the call room or in the competition area. In general, people in this class should be allocated around 2 minutes to set up their chair.
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competition and the last stage is assigning the sportsperson to a relevant class. Sometimes the health examination may not be done on site because the nature of the amputation could cause not physically visible alterations to the body. This is especially true for lower limb amputees as it relates to how their limbs align with their hips and the impact this has on their spine and how their skull sits on their spine. During the observation phase involving training or practice, all athletes in this class may be asked to demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as running, jumping or throwing. A determination is then made as to what classification an athlete should compete in. Classifications may be
Confirmed or Review status. For athletes who do not have access to a full classification panel, Provisional classification is available; this is a temporary Review classification, considered an indication of class only, and generally used only in lower levels of competition.
216:
this is counted as a foul. People in this class cannot put tape on their hands. All straps used to hold the athlete to the frame must be non-elastic. While in the process of throwing, an athlete cannot touch a tie-down for the frame. Because of visibility issues for officials, athletes cannot wear lose clothing and they can ask athletes to tuck in clothing if they feel there is any issue with visibility. In throwing events at the
Paralympic Games and World Championships, athletes get three trial throws. After that, the top 8 throwers get an additional three throws. For other events, organizers generally have the option to use that formula to give all throwers six consecutive throws. The total number of warm-up throws is at the discretion of the meet director.
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confirmed prior to the Games, with exceptions to this policy being dealt with on a case-by-case basis. In case there was a need for classification or reclassification at the Games despite best efforts otherwise, athletics classification was scheduled for
September 4 and September 5 at Olympic Stadium. For sportspeople with physical or intellectual disabilities going through classification or reclassification in Rio, their in competition observation event is their first appearance in competition at the Games.
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discus throwers, the upper arm tends to be near horizontal at the moment of release of the discus. F5 to F7 discus throwers have greater angular speed of the shoulder girdle during release of the discus than the lower number classes of F2 to F4. F5 and F8 discus throwers have less average angular forearm speed than F2 and F4 throwers. F2 and F4 speed is caused by use of the elbow flexion to compensate for the shoulder flexion advantage of F5 to F8 throwers.
195:
class weighs less than the traditional one at 3 kilograms (6.6 lb). Athletes in this class who good trunk control and mobility have an advantage over athletes in the same class who have less functional trunk control and mobility. This functional difference can cause different performance results within the same class, with discus throwers with more control in a class able to throw the discus further.
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stiffness with deformation in one arm. It means they have limited function in at least two limbs. In terms of functional classification, this means the sportsperson uses a wheelchair, has good sitting balance and has good arm function. For the 1984 Summer
Paralympics, LAF3 was defined by the Games organizers as, "Wheelchair bound with normal arm function and good sitting balance."
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an upwards direction). 2) Movement in the backwards and forwards plane. 3) Some trunk rotation. They have fair to good sitting balance. They cannot have functional hip flexors, i.e. ability to lift the thigh upwards in the sitting position. They may have stiffness of the spine that improves balance but reduces the ability to rotate the spine."
97:
amputations effect a person's energy cost for being mobile. To keep their oxygen consumption rate similar to people without lower limb amputations, they need to walk slower. Because they are missing a limb, amputees are more prone to overuse injuries in their remaining limbs. Common problems with intact upper limbs for people in this class include
138:
This is a standing class for people with weakness in one leg muscle or who have joint restrictions. At the 1984 Summer
Paralympics, LAF1, LAF2 and LAF3 track athletes had the 60 meters and 400 meter distances on the program. There was a large range of sportspeople with different disabilities in this class at the 1984 Summer Paralympics.
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Athletes need to throw from a seated position. They cannot throw from an inclined or other position. Doing so could increase the contribution of their legs and benefit their performance. Their legs must be in contact with the seat during the throw. If an athlete throws from a non-seated position,
202:
A study of was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It found there was little significant difference in performance in distance between women in 1C (SP3, SP4), 2 (SP4) and 3 (SP4, SP5) in the javelin. It found there was little significant difference
194:
Field events open to this class have included shot put, discus and javelin. In pentathlon, the events for this class have included Shot, Javelin, 200m, Discus, 1500m. F5 athletes throw from a seated position, and use a javelin that weighs .6 kilograms (1.3 lb). The shot put used by women in this
190:
People in this class have good sitting balance. People with lesions located between T9 and T12 have some loss of abdominal muscle control. Disabled Sports USA defined the functional definition of this class in 2003 as, "Three trunk movements may be seen in this class: 1) Off the back of a chair (in
258:
class with amputations, classification is often based on the anatomical nature of the amputation. The classification system takes several things into account when putting people into this class. These include which limbs are effected, how many limbs are effected, and how much of a limb is missing.
49:
defined this classification on their website in July 2016, "Athletes have full function of the arms and partial to full trunk muscle power. There is no movement in the lower limbs. Athletes with bilateral hip disarticulations are appropriately placed in this class." The
Spectator Guide for the Rio
257:
While some people in this class may be ambulatory, they generally go through the classification process while using a wheelchair. This is because they often compete from a seated position. Failure to do so could result in them being classified as an ambulatory class competitor. For people in this
92:
Members of the ISOD A9 class compete in T42, T43, T44, F42, F43, F44, F56, F57, and F58. The shank length of people in this class can differ dramatically, and is not uniform across the class. A study of was done comparing the performance of athletics competitors at the 1984 Summer
Paralympics. It
253:
For this class, classification generally has four phase. The first stage of classification is a health examination. For amputees in this class, this is often done on site at a sports training facility or competition. The second stage is observation in practice, the third stage is observation in
211:
Athletes in this class used secure frames for throwing events. The frame can be only one of two shapes: A rectangle or square. The sides must be at least 30 centimetres (12 in) long. The seat needs to be lower at the back or level, and it cannot be taller than 75 centimetres (30 in).
141:
LAF3 is an Les Autres sports classification. Sportspeople in this class use wheelchairs on a regular basis as a result of reduced muscle function. They have normal trunk functionality, balance and use of their upper limbs. Medically, this class includes people with hemiparsis, and hip and knee
137:
In athletics, LAF3 competitors compete in F54, F55, F56, F57 and F58 events. These are wheelchair athletics classes. Athletes in this class have normal functioning in their throwing arm. While throwing, they can generally maintain good balance. Competitors in this class may also compete in T44.
37:
for people who compete in field events from a seated position. Sportspeople in this class have full arm function, partial trunk function and no lower limb function. Different disability groups compete in this class, including people with spinal cord injuries. The classification was previously
198:
There are performance differences and similarities between this class and other wheelchair classes. A study of javelin throwers in 2003 found that F5 throwers have angular speeds of the shoulder girdle similar to that of F3 to F9 throwers. A 1999 study of discus throwers found that for F5 to F8
96:
The nature of an A9 athlete's amputations can effect their physiology and sports performance. Because of the potential for balance issues related to having an amputation, during weight training, amputees are encouraged to use a spotter when lifting more than 15 pounds (6.8 kg). Lower limb
244:
had a zero classification at the Games policy. This policy was put into place in 2014, with the goal of avoiding last minute changes in classes that would negatively impact athlete training preparations. All competitors needed to be internationally classified with their classification status
186:
This is wheelchair sport classification that corresponds to the neurological level T8 - L1. In the past, this class was known as Lower 3, or Upper 4. Disabled Sports USA defined the anatomical definition of this class in 2003 as, "Normal upper limb function. Have abdominal muscles and spinal
50:
Paralympics defines the class as, "wheelchair athletes (effects of polio, spinal cord injuries and amputations)" People competing in the seated position in this class generally have good balance, good trunk rotations and can move their upper body backwards and forwards.
408:
224:
Competitors in this class participate in javelin, shot put and discus. Because of functionality issues, in the shot put, athletes tend to use rotary movements. In the javelin and discus, they tend to use backwards and forwards movement.
93:
found there was no significant difference in performance in times between men in the A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 and A9 in the discus, men in A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 and A9 in the javelin, and men in A8 and A9 in the shot put.
69:
People who are amputees compete in this class, including ISOD A9. In general, track athletes with amputations in should be considerate of the surface they are running on, and avoid asphalt and cinder tracks.
416:
123:
People who are Les Autres compete in this class. This includes LAF3 classified athletes. In general, Les Autres classes cover sportspeople with locomotor disabilities regardless of their diagnosis.
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2014:
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1557:. Newmarket, ON: Author. Available Federacion Espanola de Deportes de Minusvalidos Fisicos, c/- Ferraz, 16 Bajo, 28008 Madrid, Spain.
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Tweedy, S. M. (2003). The ICF and
Classification in Disability Athletics. In R. Madden, S. Bricknell, C. Sykes and L. York (Ed.),
178:
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extensors (upper or more commonly upper and lower). May have non-functional hip flexors (grade 1). Have no abductor function."
151:
118:
1151:"The (Non)sense of the Present-Day Classification System of Sports for the Disabled, Regarding Paralysed and Amputee Athletes"
521:"The (Non)sense of the Present-Day Classification System of Sports for the Disabled, Regarding Paralysed and Amputee Athletes"
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Chow, J. W., & Mindock, L. A. (1999). Discus throwing performances and medical classification of wheelchair athletes.
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In older classification systems that predated the current system, F56 competitors were classified as lower 3, upper 4.
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The 1984 Olympic
Scientific Congress proceedings: Eugene, Ore., 19-26 July 1984 : (also: OSC proceedings)
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National Governing Body for Athletics of Wheelchair Sports, USA. Chapter 2: Competition Rules for Athletics
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Comparing key muscle innervations for spinal cord levels compared to cycling and athletics classifications.
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479:"Is Increased Residual Shank Length a Competitive Advantage for Elite Transtibial Amputee Long Jumpers?"
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1063:"Kinematic Analysis of Javelin Throw Performed by Wheelchair Athletes of Different Functional Classes"
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562:
501:
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98:
1499:"Taxonomic Theory and the ICF: Foundations for a Unified Disability Athletics Classification"
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882:
493:
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2894:
2030:
2025:
2020:
1087:
1062:
795:"IPC Athletics Classification Project for Physical Impairments: Final Report - Stage 1"
30:
1567:
306:
2929:
1316:
291:
267:
106:
1150:
520:
1317:"Paralympic Classification: Conceptual Basis, Current Methods, and Research Update"
156:
People with spinal cord injuries compete in this class, including F5 sportspeople.
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19:
This article is about the disability sport classification. For other uses, see
281:
1078:
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1096:
505:
1517:
1033:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
944:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
907:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
768:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
591:(in European Spanish). Spain: Consejo Superior de Deportes. Archived from
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Nolan, Lee; Patritti, Benjamin L.; Stana, Laura; Tweedy, Sean M. (2011).
818:
Pediatric Rehabilitation: Principles & Practices, Fourth Edition
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Tweedy, Sean M.; Beckman, Emma M.; Connick, Mark J. (August 2014).
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DeLisa, Joel A.; Gans, Bruce M.; Walsh, Nicholas E. (2005-01-01).
177:
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2379:
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2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2185:
1394:. Sydney Australia: Australian Paralympic Committee. 2 July 2010
619:(pp. 82-88)Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
174:
Functional profile of a wheelchair sportsperson in the F5 class.
2603:
2260:
1906:
1590:
815:
MD, Michael A. Alexander; MD, Dennis J. Matthews (2009-09-18).
2180:
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Gilbert, Keith; Schantz, Otto J.; Schantz, Otto (2008-01-01).
1061:
Chow, John W.; Kuenster, Ann F.; Lim, Young-tae (2003-06-01).
802:
International Paralympic Committee Governing Committee Reports
1473:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice
1553:
International Sports Organization for the Disabled. (1993).
1112:"Para-Athlete (AWD) entry form – NSW PSSA Track & Field"
971:"IWF RULES FOR COMPETITION, BOOK 4 – CLASSIFICATION RULES"
617:
ICF Australian User Guide, Version 1.0, Disability Series
266:
Sportspeople competing in this class include Bulgaria's
409:"CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY"
88:
Type of amputation for an A9 classified sportsperson.
1203:. United States Olympic Committee. December 11, 2013
1139:(9), 1272-1279. doi:10.1097/00005768-199909000-00007
555:
Miller, Mark D.; Thompson, Stephen R. (2014-04-04).
1759:
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698:Narvani, A. A.; Thomas, P.; Lynn, B. (2006-09-27).
1194:"PARALYMPIC TRACK & FIELD: Officials Training"
1137:Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,31
684:Proceedings of the Workshop on Disabled and Sports
1443:Pasquina, Paul F.; Cooper, Rory A. (2009-01-01).
793:International Paralympic Committee (June 2009).
1364:The Paralympic Games: Empowerment Or Side Show?
990:Arenberg, Debbie Hoefler, ed. (February 2015).
681:Sportbond, Nederlandse Invaliden (1985-01-01).
307:"IPC Athletics Classification & Categories"
1416:Cashman, Richmard; Darcy, Simon (2008-01-01).
887:. United States: Wheelchair Sports, USA. 2003.
558:DeLee & Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
2615:
2272:
1918:
1602:
1161:. International Medical Society of Paraplegia
1056:
1054:
531:. International Medical Society of Paraplegia
8:
331:"Athletics Spectator Guide - 2012 Rio Games"
366:Starkey, Chad; Johnson, Glen (2006-01-01).
2622:
2608:
2600:
2279:
2265:
2257:
1925:
1911:
1903:
1609:
1595:
1587:
1389:"CLASSIFICATION Information for Athletes"
1086:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1149:van Eijsden-Besseling, M. D. F. (1985).
1067:Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
519:van Eijsden-Besseling, M. D. F. (1985).
169:
83:
1411:
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930:
928:
754:
752:
750:
748:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
389:
298:
1321:Paralympic Sports Medicine and Science
1131:
1129:
985:
983:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
657:"Paralympic classifications explained"
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
1476:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
1274:
1272:
1024:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
935:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
898:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
759:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
582:Consejo Superior de Deportes (2011).
369:Athletic Training and Sports Medicine
7:
1252:Adapted Physical Education and Sport
1225:Adapted Physical Education and Sport
1116:New South Wales Department of Sports
550:
548:
546:
1506:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
486:Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly
16:Paralympic athletics classification
1287:International Paralympic Committee
687:. Nederlandse Invaliden Sportbond.
242:International Paralympic Committee
47:International Paralympic Committee
14:
1249:Winnick, Joseph P. (2011-01-01).
1222:Winnick, Joseph P. (2011-01-01).
372:. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
109:and peripheral nerve entrapment.
2639:
2296:
1942:
1626:
1568:"IPC World Rankings - Athletics"
629:Albrecht, Gary L. (2005-10-07).
284:
2631:Wheelchair sport classification
2288:Les Autres sport classification
1280:"Rio 2016 Classification Guide"
152:Wheelchair sport classification
119:Les Autres sport classification
1449:. Government Printing Office.
1:
1934:Amputee sports classification
1618:Para-athletics classification
848:. Human Kinetics Publishers.
842:Broekhoff, Jan (1986-06-01).
731:. Hachette Children's Group.
701:Key Topics in Sports Medicine
74:Upper and lower limb amputees
65:Amputee sports classification
1367:. Meyer & Meyer Verlag.
1289:. March 2016. Archived from
821:. Demos Medical Publishing.
561:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
999:. US Rowing. Archived from
725:Hunter, Nick (2012-02-09).
454:. June 2012. Archived from
38:known as lower 3, upper 4.
2952:
2936:Parasports classifications
1446:Care of the Combat Amputee
1333:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.04.013
1027:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
938:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
901:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
762:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
632:Encyclopedia of Disability
585:Deportistas sin Adjectivos
163:
149:
130:
116:
77:
62:
18:
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2303:
2294:
2194:
2139:
2104:
2044:
2009:
1949:
1940:
1624:
1110:Sydney East PSSA (2016).
1497:Tweedy, Sean M. (2002).
993:Guide to Adaptive Rowing
2579:Other disability sports
238:2016 Summer Paralympics
969:IWAS (20 March 2011).
183:
175:
89:
2889:Wheelchair basketball
2015:Wheelchair basketball
1634:Track and jump events
1518:10.1123/apaq.19.2.220
635:. SAGE Publications.
498:10.1123/apaq.28.3.267
207:Performance and rules
181:
173:
133:LAF3 (classification)
87:
448:"Classification 101"
146:Spinal cord injuries
103:shoulder impingement
35:disability athletics
1422:. Benchmark Games.
249:Becoming classified
166:F5 (classification)
80:A9 (classification)
33:classification for
2589:Sitting volleyball
1572:www.paralympic.org
1535:on August 17, 2016
1296:on August 16, 2016
1255:. Human Kinetics.
1228:. Human Kinetics.
458:on August 16, 2016
311:www.paralympic.org
184:
176:
90:
2923:
2922:
2597:
2596:
2254:
2253:
1900:
1899:
347:on August 6, 2016
54:Disability groups
2943:
2915:4.5 point player
2643:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2300:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2258:
2036:4.5 point player
1946:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1630:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1528:. Archived from
1503:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1284:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1198:
1190:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1118:. Archived from
1107:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1005:
998:
987:
978:
977:
975:
966:
960:
959:
957:
956:
950:
943:
932:
923:
922:
920:
919:
913:
906:
895:
889:
888:
879:
860:
859:
839:
833:
832:
812:
806:
805:
799:
790:
784:
783:
781:
780:
774:
767:
756:
743:
742:
722:
716:
715:
695:
689:
688:
678:
672:
671:
669:
668:
653:
647:
646:
626:
620:
613:
607:
606:
604:
603:
597:
590:
579:
573:
572:
552:
541:
540:
538:
536:
516:
510:
509:
483:
474:
468:
467:
465:
463:
444:
429:
428:
426:
424:
419:on April 4, 2015
415:. Archived from
413:Queensland Sport
405:
384:
383:
363:
357:
356:
354:
352:
346:
340:. Archived from
335:
327:
321:
320:
318:
317:
303:
294:
289:
288:
287:
31:disability sport
2951:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2879:
2814:
2774:
2704:
2644:
2633:
2628:
2598:
2593:
2570:
2540:
2510:
2489:
2469:
2384:
2354:
2301:
2290:
2285:
2255:
2250:
2190:
2135:
2100:
2040:
2005:
1947:
1936:
1931:
1901:
1896:
1760:Throwing events
1755:
1631:
1620:
1615:
1585:
1576:
1574:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1419:Benchmark Games
1415:
1414:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1127:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1009:
1007:
1003:
996:
989:
988:
981:
973:
968:
967:
963:
954:
952:
948:
941:
934:
933:
926:
917:
915:
911:
904:
897:
896:
892:
881:
880:
863:
856:
841:
840:
836:
829:
814:
813:
809:
797:
792:
791:
787:
778:
776:
772:
765:
758:
757:
746:
739:
728:The Paralympics
724:
723:
719:
712:
697:
696:
692:
680:
679:
675:
666:
664:
655:
654:
650:
643:
628:
627:
623:
614:
610:
601:
599:
595:
588:
581:
580:
576:
569:
554:
553:
544:
534:
532:
518:
517:
513:
481:
476:
475:
471:
461:
459:
446:
445:
432:
422:
420:
407:
406:
387:
380:
365:
364:
360:
350:
348:
344:
333:
329:
328:
324:
315:
313:
305:
304:
300:
290:
285:
283:
280:
270:, and Poland's
264:
251:
231:
222:
209:
168:
162:
154:
148:
135:
129:
121:
115:
82:
76:
67:
61:
56:
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2949:
2947:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2910:4 point player
2907:
2905:3 point player
2902:
2900:2 point player
2897:
2895:1 point player
2892:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2647:
2645:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2302:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2031:4 point player
2028:
2026:3 point player
2023:
2021:2 point player
2018:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1950:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1559:
1546:
1512:(2): 220–237.
1489:
1482:
1462:
1455:
1435:
1428:
1405:
1380:
1373:
1353:
1307:
1268:
1261:
1241:
1234:
1214:
1172:
1141:
1125:
1122:on 2016-09-28.
1102:
1050:
1016:
979:
961:
924:
890:
861:
854:
834:
827:
807:
785:
744:
737:
717:
710:
690:
673:
661:ABC News Sport
648:
641:
621:
608:
574:
567:
542:
511:
469:
430:
385:
378:
358:
322:
297:
296:
295:
279:
276:
263:
260:
250:
247:
230:
227:
221:
218:
208:
205:
161:
158:
147:
144:
128:
125:
114:
111:
75:
72:
60:
57:
55:
52:
43:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2948:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1483:9780781741309
1479:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1456:9780160840777
1452:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1429:9781876718053
1425:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1374:9781841262659
1370:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1354:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:(85): S11-7.
1326:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1262:9780736089180
1258:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1235:9780736089180
1231:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1215:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1040:on 2016-11-04
1036:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1017:
1006:on 2016-08-15
1002:
995:
994:
986:
984:
980:
972:
965:
962:
951:on 2016-11-04
947:
940:
939:
931:
929:
925:
914:on 2016-11-04
910:
903:
902:
894:
891:
886:
885:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
862:
857:
855:9780873220064
851:
847:
846:
838:
835:
830:
828:9781935281658
824:
820:
819:
811:
808:
803:
796:
789:
786:
775:on 2016-11-04
771:
764:
763:
755:
753:
751:
749:
745:
740:
738:9780750270458
734:
730:
729:
721:
718:
713:
711:9781134220618
707:
704:. Routledge.
703:
702:
694:
691:
686:
685:
677:
674:
662:
658:
652:
649:
644:
642:9781452265209
638:
634:
633:
625:
622:
618:
612:
609:
598:on 2016-11-04
594:
587:
586:
578:
575:
570:
568:9781455742219
564:
560:
559:
551:
549:
547:
543:
530:
526:
522:
515:
512:
507:
503:
499:
495:
492:(3): 267–76.
491:
487:
480:
473:
470:
457:
453:
449:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
431:
418:
414:
410:
404:
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
390:
386:
381:
379:9780763705367
375:
371:
370:
362:
359:
343:
339:
332:
326:
323:
312:
308:
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