436:
women prisoners (14 units) and minors (18 units). The delegation examined a furnished model duplex unit meant for three persons, as well as a wing of single living units. The lower level living area in the duplex measured 25 m² and was connected to a corridor on one side and an exercise yard measuring 50 m² on another side. The single cells measured approximately 11 m², including a fully partitioned sanitary annex of 1.5 m²...
599:(1) to the extent the cell-based system is accompanied by an isolation regime that provides prisoners with no access to educational or recreational activities or other sources of mental stimulation, the system may itself amount to ill-treatment, and (2) a regime of isolation that severely limits access to other inmates as well as the outside world may also increase the risk of ill-treatment of prisoners by prison staff.
286:). This would have enabled nine prisoners (three in each room) to spend time together during the day. Though the prisoners announced that they would stop their fast if the proposal was accepted, the Justice Minister Hikmet Sami Türk declared the proposal unacceptable and made the counter-offer that 10 prisoners could be together for five hours a week.
454:(CPT) generally encouraged Turkey to move away from the system of dormitories towards the cell system found in F-type prisons. It also showed understanding for the security forces who raided 20 prisons (with 32 victims) and the forcible transfer of prisoners to the F-type prisons. In a report on 6 September 2006, the CPT reiterated that:
313:
After reading Decree 45/1 of the
Ministry of Justice, dated 22 January 2007, Behiç Aşçı and two prisoners who were still fasting declared that they would stop. This decree, which included multiple provisions, allowed that 10 prisoners in the F-type prisons could spend 10 hours a week together, rather
569:
Six years on from the opening of the F-type prisons, serious complaints about the regime in these prisons continued... Prisoners, their lawyers and human rights groups continued to raise concerns about harsh and arbitrary disciplinary punishments meted out to prisoners in F-type prisons and reported
458:
The CPT has never made any criticism of material conditions of detention in F-type prisons... however, the
Committee has repeatedly stressed the need to develop communal activities for prisoners outside their living units. Unfortunately it is very clear from the information gathered in December 2005
626:
PKK, is the only inmate is not exactly an F-type prison (only nine instead of 368 inmates), but it is also a high security prison. Answering a parliamentarian's request, Justice
Minister Sadullah Ergin stated in August 2009 that the reconstruction of the prison to a closed high security institution
556:
Amnesty
International has long held concerns regarding the “F-Type” prison regime, and in particular, harsh and arbitrary disciplinary punishments and isolation of prisoners. Amnesty International calls on the government to discontinue the use of solitary confinement and small-group isolation as a
435:
Like all F-type prisons, the establishment at Sincan consists of 103 units for three prisoners each and 59 individual units, with a total capacity of 368 inmates. Most of the accommodation is intended for adult male prisoners (72 units in two separate wings), but there are also distinct wings for
481:
The three F-type prisons visited in
December 2005, were accommodating a small number of prisoners serving a sentence of aggravated life imprisonment. Their only out-of-cell activity, apart from a visit every 15 days and a fortnightly telephone call, was outdoor exercise in the courtyard adjoining
992:
accessed on 19.08.2009; paragraph 28 reads: "Material conditions of detention at Eskişehir
Special Type Prison were far removed from the 'coffin-cell' reputation which the establishment had acquired (a reputation which presumably originated from the short period several years ago when the prison
122:
The first high security prison was created by remodeling an existing prison that had been built in 1987 in Eskişehir and replacing the wards (dormitories) with cells. The prison was reopened in
February 1991. This prison did not carry the title of Type F, but was called a "special type prison".
310:, met with Aşçı's relatives and representatives of non-governmental organizations. He said that the house representing the nation could not remain insensitive on a subject for which a lawyer was willing to risk his life, and indicated that the Ministry of Justice and the government would act.
534:(reports in Turkish). Since the English pages of the HRFT are under construction (as of August 2009), it is possible to search the website of the Democratic Turkey Forum (DTF, the German solidarity group of the HRFT), where a backup system for reports has existed since 2008.
494:
or ÇHD) conducted research on the implementation of Decree 45/1. 25 lawyers went to six prisons and spoke with 120 prisoners. Afterwards they stated that the possibility of 10 hours of conversation per week in groups of 10 prisoners was not observed in the F-type prisons in
289:
In May 2002 Hüsnü Öndül, chair of the HRA, called on the
Justice Minister to enter an intensified dialogue and appealed to the prisoners to end the senseless deaths. On 28 May prisoners of almost all groups involved in the hunger strike action ended the death fast. Only the
143:
and ill-treatment. Two days later the
Council of Ministers decided to close the prison again. In October 1995 the prison was reopened. The attempt in 1996 to transfer all prisoners on trial in Istanbul under the ATL to Eskişehir failed after 12 prisoners died during a
100:
The sentences of those convicted under the provisions of this law will be served in special penal institutions built on a system of cells constructed for one or three people... Convicted prisoners will not be permitted contact or communication with other convicted
127:). In November 1991, 206 political prisoners were transferred to Eskişehir. Justice Minister Seyfi Oktay and the State Minister responsible for Human Rights, Mehmet Kahraman, visited the prison on 22 November 1991, accompanied by representatives of the
993:
operated with single cells - cf. paragraph 19). As pointed out in the CPT's letter of 13 September 1996, the material conditions compare favourably with those which CPT delegations have observed in other
Turkish prisons."
586:
Many prisoners also believe that they face a greater risk of ill-treatment by prison staff if they are transferred to a cell-based system, where there is only limited communication with other prisoners or with the outside
246:, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, failed. On 19 December 2000, Turkish security forces stormed 20 prisons in an action known as "Operation Return to Life". 30 prisoners and two soldiers were killed.
249:
Transfers to the F-type prisons started immediately after Operation Return to Life. On 21 December 2000 the Ministry of Justice announced that 524 prisoners had been transferred to the F-type prisons in
1189:(HRFT) has publicly reacted to a letter the CPT sent to the Turkish Government in January 2001. This letter and the response of the HRFT were reproduced by the Germany-based Democratic Turkey Forum as
167:
was determined to shift towards the cell system. Reacting against the transfer plans to the new prison (where they presumably would be held in isolation), inmates of the prisons in
482:
their cell. The application of an isolation-type regime is a step that can have very harmful consequences for the prisoner concerned and can, in certain circumstances, lead to
235:
on 26 October 2000. Between that date and 19 November 2000, a total of 816 prisoners in 18 prisons joined the hunger strike and declared that they would fast until death.
317:
In and outside of prison, a total of 122 people died in connection with actions protesting isolation in F-type prisons. Many more suffered from serious diseases such as
427:
All F-type prisons are built according to a certain plan. After a visit to Turkey from 16–24 July 2000, the CPT presented the following details on the F-type Prison in
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262:. On 3 January 2001 the Justice Minister announced that 1,118 inmates and detainees from 41 prisons were on indefinite hunger strikes, while 395 were on death fasts.
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One group protested by setting themselves on fire in Germany. There were another 12 victims of suicidal attacks conducted as a protest against the F-type prisons.
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for the execution of sentences had been finished. He added that another eight prisoners would be taken there, but was unable to say who the prisoners would be.
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155:(CPT) visited the prison in Eskişehir in August 1996. It had little to criticize and found the prisoners' description of "coffin cells" far from reality.
114:
This law was revised in Article 1 of Law 4666 on 1 May 2001. On 29 June 2006 Article 16 of the ATL was repealed, since other provisions had been enacted.
302:
Behiç Aşçı, an Istanbul attorney, joined the death fast action in 2006. When his health deteriorated, public attention increased. At the end of the year
1112:
486:. Beyond this, the CPT considers that the very philosophy underlying Article 25 of the Law on Execution of Sentences should be reconsidered.
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was published. It discussed the background of the transfers of hunger strikers to F-type prisons and repeated earlier concerns such as:
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offered on 9 December 2000 was not sufficient for the prisoners, so negotiations conducted by well-known personalities including
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578:(HRW) has issued many reports related to F-type prisons before and after their implementation. On 5 April 2001 the report
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Small Group Isolation in F-type Prisons and the Violent Transfers of Prisoners to Sincan, Kandira, and Edirne Prisons
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Those sentenced to F-type prisons include political prisoners, members of armed organizations, people convicted of
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Most of the facts of this section were taken from the Annual Report 2002 of the HRFT (in Turkish), pages 187-190,
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when it was abolished in 2002 and according to Article 47 of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC) it is a life sentence.
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treatment of prisoners which, in some cases, AI would consider as amounting to term cruel, inhuman and degrading
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947:) the death penalty was abolished in peacetime. Law 5218 of 14.07.2004 abolished the death penalty completely.
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Regulation on the Administration of Executional Centres and the Execution of Sentences and Security Measures
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punishment for prisoners and to increase the hours of association in line with international standards.
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During the ongoing death fast action, more and more prisoners died. At the end of 2001 the chairs of
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321:. In its 2006 Annual Report, the HRFT presented the following figures on deaths during the fast:
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states that State President Sezer pardoned 213 member of militant organizations in 2002 and 2003
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In mid-2000 the discussion on F-type prisons became more controversial. Former Justice Minister
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who, according to Article 25 of Law 5275, must be held in individual cells. The report stated
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F-type Prison the time was limited to two and a half hours, as in Kocaeli F-type Prison and
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https://web.archive.org/web/20090312093248/http://www.tekirdag2fkapalicik.gov.tr/index.html
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526:(HRFT) also have criticized the isolation in F-type prisons. Details can be found in the
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https://web.archive.org/web/20090910044447/http://www.edirne.adalet.gov.tr/ftipi.html
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In the same report the CPT drew special attention to people sentenced to aggravated
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Details can be found in Article 9 of the Law 5275 on the Execution of Sentences;
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507:. In Tekirdağ F-type Prison this right had been revoked three months prior. In
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92:) with 50 or more prisoners. In April 1991 the Turkish parliament enacted the
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Details taken from the Annual Report 1996 of the HRFT have been put into a
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By Law 4771 of 9 August 2002 (the 3rd Package for the Harmonization to the
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AI's concerns in Europe and Central Asia are outlined (July-December 2006)
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In December 2007 and January 2008 the Association of Contemporary Jurist (
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Details were taken from the 1991 Annual Report of the HRFT, pages 113-115
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or temporarily released according to Article 399 of the Turkish Code of
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Bar Association suggested a solution called "three doors, three locks" (
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F-type High Security Closed Institutions for the Execution of Sentences
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https://web.archive.org/web/20090314073621/http://www.ankaraf2.gov.tr/
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Tekirdağ 2 No’lu F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
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Tekirdağ 1 No’lu F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
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F tipi cezaevi / F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
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Kocaeli 2 No’lu F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
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Kocaeli 1 No’lu F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
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Ankara 2 No’lu F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
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Ankara 1 No’lu F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
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that the situation in this regard remains highly unsatisfactory.
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754:İzmir 2 No'lu F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
730:İzmir 1 No'lu F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
593:
Small Group Isolation in Turkish Prisons: An Avoidable Disaster
123:
Prisoners criticized the cell system as being like a coffin (
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Kırıkkale F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
591:
One year before on 24 May 2000, HRW published the report
1291:
Law 5275 on Execution of Sentences and Security Measures
957:
https://www.hrw.org/legacy/press/2000/05/turkey-back.htm
713:
Edirne F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
614:
F-type Prison was opened as the 13th F-type prison. The
139:(TTB). During the visit they listened to allegations of
645:
Adana F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
696:
Bolu F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
548:
in January 2008, the chapter on F-type prisons stated
1130:
German translation of a press statement of 16.01.2004
894:
Van F Tipi Yüksek Güvenlikli Kapalı Ceza İnfaz Kurumu
1202:
http://cpt.coe.int/documents/tur/2006-30-inf-eng.htm
1141:
an article of 10.04.2007, accessed on 25 August 2009
595:. The organization expressed two primary concerns:
540:(AI) has issued several reports raising concerns of
1240:
http://www.tuerkeiforum.net/enw/index.php/Main_Page
407:. They had either been pardoned by State President
45:designated by Turkish Law 5275 on the Execution of
515:, where this right had been granted a month ago.
1297:General Directorate for Penal and Arrest Centres
452:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture
380:police action against solidarity hunger strikes
153:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture
597:
584:
567:
554:
479:
456:
433:
98:
80:Before F-type prisons were built, prisoners in
1102:Report of the Independent Prison Monitor Group
979:special report of the Democratic Turkey Forum
151:On invitation of the Turkish Government, the
8:
1005:, ntvmsnbc.com, accessed on 7 February 2009.
403:treated 593 former prisoners suffering from
528:HRA report on prisons in the Marmara region
109:, Small Group Isolation in Turkish Prisons
1261:of 18.08.2009, accessed on 25 August 2009
544:and atrocities in F-type prisons. In the
1279:Law 3713 for the Fight against Terrorism
1274:International Platform Against Isolation
1163:(in Turkish), accessed on 26 August 2009
629:
325:
923:
788:http://www.kirikkalefcik.adalet.gov.tr/
1154:instruction to staff in F-type prisons
1091:, accessed on 26 August February 2009.
356:continued death fasting after release
1038:in Turkey, accessed on 25 August 2009
1026:
1024:
7:
1003:Bakan Türk: Cezaevleri F tipi olacak
932:online edition of the law in Turkish
546:Memorandum to the Turkish Government
66:ağırlaştırılmış müebbet hapis cezası
60:, and those sentenced to aggravated
1204:complete report of 6 September 2006
1191:correspondence between HRFT and CPT
846:http://www.kocaelif2.adalet.gov.tr/
818:http://www.kocaelif1.adalet.gov.tr/
655:http://www.adanafcik.adalet.gov.tr/
706:http://www.bolufcik.adalet.gov.tr/
672:http://www.ankaraf1.adalet.gov.tr/
25:
1187:Human Rights Foundation of Turkey
1014:Most details can be found in the
904:http://www.vanfcik.adalet.gov.tr/
764:http://www.izmirf2.adalet.gov.tr/
740:http://www.izmirf1.adalet.gov.tr/
524:Human Rights Foundation of Turkey
401:Human Rights Foundation of Turkey
308:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
133:Human Rights Foundation of Turkey
1238:(German) in the relevant wikis.
1083:F tipine Meclis duyarsız kalamaz
574:The New York based organization
411:according to Article 104 of the
238:The compromise Justice Minister
64:. Aggravated life imprisonment (
484:inhuman and degrading treatment
27:High-security prisons in Turkey
520:Human Rights Association (HRA)
129:Human Rights Association (HRA)
1:
1174:CPT report of 8 November 2001
1152:Some details can be found in
1217:, accessed on 24 August 2009
1213:See an article in the daily
1176:, accessed on 26 August 2009
306:, at that time chair of the
298:End of the fast: Decree 45/1
96:(ATL), which required that:
1242:is the main page in English
616:prison on the island İmralı
405:Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome
372:relatives fasting to death
340:operation "Return to Life"
319:Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome
137:Turkish Medical Association
1338:
1036:Helsinki Citizens Assembly
565:the organization stated:
446:Comments on F-type Prisons
1016:special report of the DTF
851:29 September 2020 at the
492:Çağdaş Hukukçular Derneği
118:"Pilot-Project" Eskişehir
1302:12 February 2010 at the
348:death fasting in prison
364:death during treatment
266:Developments after 2000
211:Central Closed Prison,
1057:accessed on 19.08.2009
624:Kurdish Workers' Party
601:
589:
572:
559:
488:
467:
443:
112:
1215:Radikal of 10.04.2008
1115:19 April 2009 at the
909:23 March 2023 at the
856:(under construction)
798:(under construction)
538:Amnesty International
41:), are high-security
1110:Weekly Report of DTF
745:10 June 2023 at the
294:continued the fast.
33:, officially called
1159:14 May 2009 at the
823:5 June 2023 at the
793:4 June 2023 at the
769:8 June 2022 at the
639:Website (Turkish)
576:Human Rights Watch
532:annual report 2007
417:Criminal Procedure
409:Ahmet Necdet Sezer
107:Human Rights Watch
1322:Prisons in Turkey
1032:an English report
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633:Name (in Turkish)
610:On 19 July 2007,
561:In the document,
471:life imprisonment
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388:self-immolations
284:üç kapı, üç kilit
159:Incidents in 2000
62:life imprisonment
16:(Redirected from
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419:(Law 1402).
413:Constitution
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1230:(English),
1226:Search for
959:24 May 2000
314:than five.
244:Orhan Pamuk
90:dormitories
919:References
550:inter alia
475:inter alia
231:started a
169:Bayrampaşa
101:prisoners.
1306:(Turkish)
1293:(Turkish)
1287:(Turkish)
1281:(Turkish)
783:Kırıkkale
612:Kırıkkale
604:Locations
542:isolation
423:Buildings
181:Çanakkale
47:Sentences
1316:Category
1300:Archived
1172:See the
1157:Archived
1128:See the
1119:(German)
1113:Archived
1088:Hürriyet
1054:Hürriyet
907:Archived
882:Tekirdağ
867:Tekirdağ
849:Archived
821:Archived
791:Archived
767:Archived
743:Archived
636:Location
522:and the
497:Tekirdağ
462:—
439:—
272:Istanbul
221:Nevşehir
125:tabutluk
104:—
1258:Radikal
1253:article
1251:See an
1049:Article
841:Kocaeli
837:Kandıra
813:Kocaeli
809:Kandıra
530:or the
509:Kandıra
501:Kocaeli
329:Number
256:Kocaeli
217:Ermenek
197:Malatya
177:Çankırı
141:torture
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684:Ankara
667:Ankara
618:where
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173:Bartın
131:, the
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1236:Typ F
1106:İzmir
759:İzmir
735:İzmir
650:Adana
464:CPT,
276:İzmir
225:Gebze
213:Konya
201:Niğde
189:Bursa
185:Aydın
86:koğuş
1185:The
1100:See
1068:ISBN
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1030:See
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518:The
505:Bolu
450:The
399:The
278:and
205:Buca
193:Uşak
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