226:"return to the old ways of engaging labour should be definitely made impossible. Industries like dock and harbour service, which by practising casual engagement have been the main generators of chronic under-employment in the past, have been transformed in the war. It may be assumed that the main principle of the transformation will remain in peace, that the men following such occupations will have guaranteed weekly wages, and that this will lead in due course to the organization of regular work as well as of regular wages, with men working for a single employing agency or for groups of employers, in place of taking their chance with single employers at a number of separate taking-on places. It may be hoped that in many other industries the former position in regard to the engagement of men will be transformed by the substitution of weekly for daily or hourly engagements."
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Beveridge argued that pre-war unemployment, that hit great heights during the 1930s depression, was due to ineffective demand for industrial products, imperfect labour mobility and general labour market disorganisation. Instead, the economy should be planned, so that demand is socialised, and supply
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The most common criticism was always that the circumstances of the war were special and people were willing to tolerate more in those times than they might have otherwise. Therefore, it could not be said that just because unemployment had disappeared during the war, it would hold in times of peace.
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Unemployment should be aimed to be reduced to 3%. Beveridge claimed that the upward pressure on wages, due to the increased bargaining strength of labour, would be eased by rising productivity, and kept in check by a system of wage arbitration. The cooperation of workers would be secured by the
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could be remedied through the use of planning law and subsidies to draw the location of industry to the door of the labourer. The advantage of that would be fewer costs in housing and social dislocation which results from large movements of labour. Full use of employment exchanges -
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The book was written in the context of an economy which would have to transfer from wartime direction to peace time. Government direction of labour (under the
Essential Works Order) would cease, and workers would have a free choice of occupation.
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To maintain demand, fiscal policy should be utilised. That means the
Treasury's budget should gear towards increased spending when demand is otherwise down. The Social Security proposals in his better known
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is defined as a state where there are slightly more vacant jobs than there are available workers, so people who lose jobs can find new ones immediately.
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The book begins with the thesis that because individual employers are not capable of creating full employment, it must be the responsibility of the
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The evidential support for
Beveridge's policy comes from the war experience. War solved unemployment by socialising demand.
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Furthermore, soldiers drafted into the war were often in forced idleness when there was no work for them.
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The
Collected Works of F.A. Hayek: Hayek on Hayek: An Autobiographical Dialogue
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Section 3. Bilateralism and the Three
Conditions of Multilateral Trade
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Nevertheless, the book was highly influential, for it melding of
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Section 3. The Second
Condition: Controlled Location of Industry
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Section I. The
Meaning and Three Conditions of Full Employment
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Section 4. The Third
Condition: Organized Mobility of Labour
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Section 2. The First
Condition: Adequate Total Outlay
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Section I. Internal Policy and International Effects
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244:Part V - Internal Implications of Full Employment
114:common interest in the ideal of full employment.
267:Part VII - Full Employment and Social Conscience
311:. London: George Allen & Unwin – via
207:Part IV - A Full Employment Policy for Peace
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239:Section 7. A Full Policy for Full Employment
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326:Kresge, Stephan; Wenar, Leif, eds. (1994).
233:Section 5. Changes of Government Machinery
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199:Section 3. The New Face of Unemployment
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90:. It was first published in the UK by
259:Section 4. The Need for Common Action
253:Section 2. Britains's Need of Imports
236:Section 6. Some Alternatives Examined
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196:Section 2. Theories of Unemployment
17:Full Employment in a Free Society
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366:Full Employment in a Free Society
308:Full Employment in a Free Society
262:Section 5. The Choice for Britain
204:Part III - Full Employment in War
187:Part I - Introduction and Summary
172:Full Employment in a Free Society
79:Full Employment in a Free Society
193:Section 1. Facts of Unemployment
190:Part II - Unemployment in Peace
166:. Years later, Nobel Laureate
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170:would claim that Beveridge's
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305:Beveridge, William (1944).
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141:public employment agencies
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136:Frictional unemployment
385:1944 non-fiction books
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395:Books about labour
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84:William Beveridge
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379:Categories
364:Review of
273:Appendices
270:Postscript
150:Reception
44:Publisher
352:para 231
281:See also
182:Contents
98:Overview
34:Author
370:JSTOR
293:Notes
104:state
162:and
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