183:
40:
114:, it is the first-line procedure. The Nissen fundoplication is total (360°), but partial fundoplications known as Thal (270° anterior), Belsey (270° anterior transthoracic), Dor (anterior 180–200°), Lind (300° posterior), and Toupet fundoplications (posterior 270°) are alternative procedures with somewhat different indications and outcomes.
421:
Vomiting is sometimes impossible or, if not, very painful after a fundoplication, with the likelihood of this complication typically decreasing in the months after surgery. In some cases, the purpose of this operation is to correct excessive vomiting. Initially, vomiting is impossible; however, small
298:
Nissen (complete) fundoplication is generally considered to be safe and effective, with a mortality rate of less than 1% and many of the most common post-operative complications minimized or eliminated by the partial fundoplication procedures now more commonly used. Studies have shown that after 10
354:
or small intestine. Data varies, but some degree of gas-bloat may occur in as many as 41% of Nissen patients, whereas the occurrence is less with patients undergoing partial anterior fundoplication. Gas bloat syndrome is usually self-limiting within 2 to 4 weeks, but in some it may persist. The
141:
The most common indication for a fundoplication is GERD that has failed lifestyle modification and medical management. Patients that continue to have reflux symptoms or that have had uncontrolled reflux symptoms for more than 5 years are also candidates for surgical management. Complications that
980:
Richter, Joel E.; Kumar, Ambuj; Lipka, Seth; Miladinovic, Branko; Velanovich, Vic (April 2018). "Efficacy of
Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication vs Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication or Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Network
299:
years, 89.5% of patients are still symptom-free. When compared to stand alone medical therapy with PPIs, Nissen fundoplication has been found to be superior in reducing acid reflux as well as the symptoms associated with reflux. Fundoplication was found to be better at increasing
285:
drug therapy can reduce the effects of reflux acid, successful surgical treatment has the advantage of eliminating drug side-effects and damaging effects from other components of reflux such as bile or gastric contents. The Nissen fundoplication reduces reflux by reinforcing the
1024:
TristĂŁo, Luca
SchilirĂł; Tustumi, Francisco; Tavares, Guilherme; Bernardo, Wanderley Marques (April 2021). "Fundoplication versus oral proton pump inhibitors for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials".
268:
This procedure can also be completed robotically. Outcomes comparing laparoscopic fundoplication to robotic fundoplication show similar clinical outcomes, but robotic fundoplication is more likely to have an increased length of operative time and financial cost.
889:
Eshraghi, Niknam; Farahmand, Mehrdad; Soot, Scott J.; Rand-Luby, Leslie; Deveney, Clifford W.; Sheppard, Brett C. (May 1998). "Comparison of outcomes of open versus laparoscopic nissen fundoplication performed in a single practice".
241:
that characterizes achalasia. In a Dor (anterior) fundoplication, the fundus is laid over the top of the esophagus; while in a Toupet (posterior) fundoplication, the fundus is wrapped around the back of the esophagus.
1248:
Wo, J. M.; Trus, T. L.; Richardson, W. S.; Hunter, J. G.; Branum, G. D.; Mauren, S. J.; Waring, J. P. (November 1996). "Evaluation and management of postfundoplication dysphagia".
1457:
489:
335:. The fundoplication can also come undone over time in about 5–10% of cases, leading to recurrence of symptoms. If the symptoms warrant a repeat surgery, the surgeon may use
249:, as laparoscopic surgery has decreased post-operative complications and decreased hospital stay. When used to alleviate gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in patients with
2358:
1152:
359:). If postoperative gas-bloat syndrome does not resolve with time, dietary restrictions, counseling regarding aerophagia, medications, and correction – either by
2129:
2090:
225:
In a Nissen fundoplication, also called a complete fundoplication, the fundus is wrapped the entire 360 degrees around the esophagus. In contrast, surgery for
210:(LES). The esophageal hiatus is also narrowed down by sutures to prevent or treat concurrent hiatal hernia, in which the fundus slides up through the enlarged
170:, hoarseness are also indications for surgical intervention. In the pediatric population, infants who fail to thrive or have inadequate weight gain despite
2155:
2160:
1450:
1896:
503:
Nissen R (1956). "Eine einfache
Operation zur Beeinflussung der Refluxösophagitis" [A Simple Operation for Control of Reflux Esophagitis].
2053:
67:
63:
129:. In 1961 he published a more detailed overview of the procedure. Nissen originally called the surgery "gastroplication". The procedure has
1608:
1443:
277:
Whenever the stomach contracts, it also closes off the esophagus instead of squeezing stomach acids into it. This prevents the reflux of
1657:
2095:
2394:
2353:
2348:
1886:
143:
103:
1593:
1544:
1567:
370:
or short term trouble swallowing is a symptom that most patients will have after having a fundoplication. Patients who have
935:"Robotic vs. laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: systematic review and meta-analysis"
1975:
1719:
846:
Holcomb GW 3rd, St Peter SD (2019). "Error traps and safety steps when performing a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication".
2241:
1960:
1787:
1733:
1664:
1493:
1484:
439:
1529:
2150:
1985:
355:
offending gas may also come from dietary sources (especially carbonated beverages), or involuntary swallowing of air (
346:
In "gas bloat syndrome", fundoplication can alter the mechanical ability of the stomach to eliminate swallowed air by
2058:
1980:
1848:
1707:
1170:
207:
2246:
2036:
1950:
1858:
1777:
1549:
1539:
1171:"Treatments: What Is the Current Rate of Gas-Bloat Syndrome Following Open and Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery?"
2340:
2195:
1853:
1534:
1476:
250:
753:
311:, or respiratory symptoms, surgical intervention was found to be more effective at controlling symptoms than
2289:
2205:
1830:
1588:
1435:
2319:
2134:
1598:
1467:
219:
159:
2294:
2224:
2080:
1635:
1146:
483:
415:
360:
312:
304:
282:
171:
2363:
933:
Markar, S. R.; Karthikesalingam, A. P.; Hagen, M. E.; Talamini, M.; Horgan, S.; Wagner, O. J. (2010).
386:
is controlled by modifying diet to include more easily swallowed food such as liquids and soft foods.
363:
or repeat surgery to revise the Nissen fundoplication to a partial fundoplication – may be necessary.
1891:
1174:
395:
332:
246:
226:
151:
147:
95:
182:
2266:
2190:
2085:
1990:
1965:
1881:
1876:
1820:
1615:
215:
125:(1896–1981) first performed the procedure in 1955 and published the results of two cases in a 1956
1760:
1603:
1421:
1227:
1058:
962:
871:
828:
800:
731:
563:
99:
422:
amounts of vomit may be produced after the wrap settles over time, and in extreme cases such as
2326:
2210:
2172:
2018:
1928:
1750:
1642:
1583:
1413:
1405:
1366:
1325:
1307:
1265:
1257:
1219:
1211:
1134:
1093:
1050:
1042:
1006:
998:
954:
915:
907:
863:
820:
781:
773:
723:
715:
671:
653:
612:
555:
520:
512:
423:
211:
163:
58:
1345:"Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Treatment: Side Effects and Complications of Fundoplication"
2330:
2167:
1573:
1397:
1356:
1315:
1299:
1203:
1124:
1085:
1034:
990:
946:
899:
855:
812:
765:
707:
661:
643:
602:
594:
547:
471:
463:
328:
307:
therapy, whilst having similar risk for adverse events. In patients with non-acid reflux, a
538:
Nissen R (1961). "Gastropexy and "Fundoplication" in
Surgical Treatment of Hiatal Hernia".
410:. Previously undiagnosed achalasia or a wrap that is too tight may also lead to persistent
2368:
2145:
2141:
2124:
2119:
1906:
1802:
1792:
1767:
1755:
1742:
1694:
162:
is not an indication, as the benefit of a fundoplication in preventing progression into
2373:
2200:
2063:
2008:
1714:
1684:
1578:
1519:
1502:
1320:
1287:
666:
631:
607:
598:
582:
427:
391:
195:
122:
1089:
934:
903:
39:
2388:
2284:
2013:
1943:
1679:
1514:
1401:
1062:
875:
859:
832:
695:
308:
258:
111:
107:
1385:
1231:
966:
696:"The Nissen fundoplication: indication, technical aspects and postoperative outcome"
567:
2261:
2075:
1970:
1955:
1810:
1425:
278:
262:
735:
390:
that persists longer than 3 months will need further evaluation, typically with a
1076:
Waring JP (1999). "Postfundoplication complications. Prevention and management".
994:
237:
partial fundoplication, which is less likely than a Nissen wrap to aggravate the
2251:
2107:
2070:
1938:
1933:
1918:
1782:
1669:
1652:
1630:
1620:
1524:
754:"An Evidence-Based Approach to the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease"
245:
The procedure can be performed with open surgery but is now routinely performed
166:
is controversial. Respiratory symptoms and upper airway symptoms such as cough,
110:. In GERD, it is usually performed when medical therapy has failed; but, with a
1129:
1112:
1038:
769:
339:
or another form of artificial mesh to strengthen the connection. Postoperative
2314:
2256:
2233:
2000:
1868:
1647:
1625:
1361:
1344:
1303:
1191:
816:
711:
648:
403:
356:
17:
1409:
1311:
1261:
1215:
1046:
1002:
911:
777:
719:
657:
2111:
1914:
1825:
1815:
1772:
1702:
1506:
524:
411:
407:
399:
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383:
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371:
367:
324:
300:
287:
238:
203:
155:
1417:
1370:
1329:
1223:
1190:
Herron, D. M.; Swanström, L. L.; Ramzi, N.; Hansen, P. D. (December 1999).
1138:
1111:
Curet MJ, Josloff RK, Schoeb O, Zucker KA; Josloff; Schoeb; Zucker (1999).
1097:
1054:
1010:
958:
939:
The
International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery
867:
824:
785:
727:
675:
616:
559:
516:
1269:
1192:"Factors predictive of dysphagia after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication"
919:
2182:
1923:
694:
Wykypiel, H.; Wetscher, G. J.; Klingler, P.; Glaser, K. (November 2005).
347:
76:
1559:
1286:
Yadlapati, Rena; Hungness, Eric S.; Pandolfino, John E. (August 2018).
1207:
551:
351:
254:
199:
2276:
1840:
1173:. In Giuli, R.; Siewert, J.R; Couturier, D.; Scarpignato, C. (eds.).
418:
therapy, endoscopic dilation, or surgical revision may be necessary.
336:
167:
130:
950:
583:"The History of Hiatal Hernia surgery: From Bowditch to Laparoscopy"
430:, the patient may be able to vomit freely with some amount of pain.
475:
2045:
340:
181:
1386:"The Management of Patients Who Have "Failed" Antireflux Surgery"
632:"Laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease"
414:. Depending on the etiology of persistent dysphagia, a trial of
382:
will often resolve on their own within a few months. Short term
1439:
206:
and stitched in place, reinforcing the closing function of the
406:, development of stenosis or stricture may lead to persistent
27:
Surgical procedure to treat gastric reflux and hiatal hernia
1113:"Laparoscopic reoperation for failed antireflux procedures"
799:
Slater, Bethany J.; Rothenberg, Steven S. (December 2017).
290:
by increasing LES pressure and increasing the LES length.
218:. The surgeon should begin with ligating and dividing the
343:, which is common after abdominal surgery, is possible.
464:"Surgical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease"
331:, excessive scarring, vagus nerve injury and, rarely,
253:, it is frequently combined with modification of the
202:
is wrapped, or plicated, around the lower end of the
174:(PPI) therapy may also benefit from fundoplication.
2339:
2307:
2275:
2232:
2223:
2181:
2106:
2044:
2035:
1999:
1905:
1867:
1839:
1801:
1741:
1732:
1693:
1558:
1501:
1492:
1483:
402:. Structural changes such as movement of the wrap,
57:
49:
32:
462:Minjarez, Renee C.; Jobe, Blair A. (16 May 2006).
488:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
374:prior to surgery are more likely to have some
2091:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
1451:
158:, warrant surgical intervention. Presence of
8:
1151:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
457:
455:
323:Complications include "gas bloat syndrome",
581:Stylopoulos N, Rattner DW; Rattner (2005).
350:, leading to an accumulation of gas in the
2229:
2041:
1738:
1498:
1489:
1458:
1444:
1436:
1164:
1162:
540:The American Journal of Digestive Diseases
38:
1360:
1319:
1128:
665:
647:
606:
505:Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift
154:development, all of which can be seen on
133:since it gained popularity in the 1970s.
1897:Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization
1349:Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
1292:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
1250:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
2054:Artificial extracorporeal liver support
451:
1144:
481:
112:Type II (paraesophageal) hiatus hernia
29:
1288:"Complications of Antireflux Surgery"
1281:
1279:
1243:
1241:
229:is generally accompanied by either a
7:
1609:Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery
1390:American Journal of Gastroenterology
747:
745:
689:
687:
685:
1658:Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
1466:Tests and procedures involving the
1384:Spechler, Stuart Jon (March 2004).
72:
44:Diagram of a Nissen fundoplication.
2096:Distal splenorenal shunt procedure
599:10.1097/01.sla.0000149430.83220.7f
92:laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication
53:Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication
25:
636:World Journal of Gastroenterology
281:(in GERD). Although antacids and
186:A completed Nissen fundoplication
1402:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04081.x
860:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2019.04.019
700:Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery
1887:Lateral internal sphincterotomy
892:The American Journal of Surgery
104:gastroesophageal reflux disease
1594:Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
1545:Functional Lumen Imaging Probe
752:Patti, Marco G. (2016-01-01).
378:post-operatively. Symptoms of
1:
1976:Lower gastrointestinal series
1720:Upper gastrointestinal series
1343:Richter, Joel E. (May 2013).
1090:10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70102-3
1078:Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am
904:10.1016/s0002-9610(98)00049-x
361:endoscopic balloon dilatation
2242:Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
1961:Double-contrast barium enema
1788:Partial ileal bypass surgery
1665:Esophagogastric dissociation
1179:. Vol. 6. OESO, UNESCO.
995:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.021
440:Esophagogastric dissociation
146:such as severe esophagitis,
2059:Bioartificial liver devices
1986:Transrectal ultrasonography
2411:
1981:Small-bowel follow-through
1849:Abdominoperineal resection
1708:Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
1130:10.1001/archsurg.134.5.559
1039:10.1007/s10388-020-00806-w
770:10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4233
208:lower esophageal sphincter
2341:Clinical prediction rules
2247:Intraperitoneal injection
1951:Abdominal ultrasonography
1859:Total mesorectal excision
1778:Intestine transplantation
1568:Sengstaken–Blakemore tube
1550:High resolution manometry
1540:Esophageal motility study
1474:
1362:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.12.006
1304:10.1038/s41395-018-0115-7
817:10.1016/j.clp.2017.08.009
712:10.1007/s00423-004-0494-7
649:10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14272
630:Frazzoni, Marzio (2014).
73:
37:
2395:Digestive system surgery
2196:Pancreas transplantation
1854:Lower anterior resection
1535:Esophageal pH monitoring
1477:Digestive system surgery
251:delayed gastric emptying
2290:Inguinal hernia surgery
2206:Pancreaticoduodenectomy
1589:Adjustable gastric band
1530:Impedance–pH monitoring
1084:(4): 1007–19, viii–ix.
805:Clinics in Perinatology
2320:Exploratory laparotomy
2135:Hepatoportoenterostomy
1599:Gastric bypass surgery
1468:human digestive system
478:(inactive 2024-09-12).
327:(trouble swallowing),
220:short gastric arteries
187:
2295:Femoral hernia repair
2081:Liver transplantation
1675:Nissen fundoplication
511:(Suppl 20): 590–592.
185:
172:proton-pump inhibitor
142:arise from long term
88:Nissen fundoplication
33:Nissen fundoplication
1892:Rubber band ligation
1831:Hartmann's operation
1169:Booth, M.I. (2003).
396:esophageal manometry
392:barium swallow study
198:(upper part) of the
127:Swiss Medical Weekly
96:laparoscopic surgery
2267:Peritoneal dialysis
2086:Portal hypertension
1991:Virtual colonoscopy
1966:Endoanal ultrasound
1882:Anorectal manometry
1877:Anal sphincterotomy
1821:Colonic polypectomy
1616:Collis gastroplasty
1176:Barrett's Esophagus
1117:Archives of Surgery
989:(5): 1298–1308.e7.
642:(39): 14272–14279.
273:Mechanism of relief
160:Barrett's esophagus
94:when performed via
1761:Jejunoileal bypass
1604:Sleeve gastrectomy
1208:10.1007/PL00009616
1196:Surgical Endoscopy
848:Semin Pediatr Surg
552:10.1007/BF02231426
468:GI Motility Online
188:
123:Dr. Rudolph Nissen
100:surgical procedure
2382:
2381:
2327:Rapid urease test
2303:
2302:
2219:
2218:
2211:Puestow procedure
2173:Cholescintigraphy
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2019:Stool guaiac test
1929:Capsule endoscopy
1751:Bariatric surgery
1728:
1727:
1643:Gastroenterostomy
1584:Bariatric surgery
1256:(11): 2318–2322.
1202:(12): 1180–1183.
424:alcohol poisoning
212:esophageal hiatus
84:
83:
16:(Redirected from
2402:
2364:Child–Pugh score
2331:Urea breath test
2230:
2191:Frey's procedure
2168:Cholecystography
2042:
1739:
1574:Nasogastric tube
1499:
1490:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1364:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1323:
1298:(8): 1137–1147.
1283:
1274:
1273:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1142:
1132:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1021:
1015:
1014:
983:Gastroenterology
981:Meta-analysis".
977:
971:
970:
930:
924:
923:
886:
880:
879:
843:
837:
836:
801:"Fundoplication"
796:
790:
789:
749:
740:
739:
691:
680:
679:
669:
651:
627:
621:
620:
610:
578:
572:
571:
535:
529:
528:
500:
494:
493:
487:
479:
459:
329:dumping syndrome
247:laparoscopically
77:edit on Wikidata
42:
30:
21:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2369:Ranson criteria
2335:
2299:
2271:
2215:
2177:
2146:Cholangiography
2142:Medical imaging
2125:Cholecystostomy
2120:Cholecystectomy
2102:
2023:
1995:
1907:Medical imaging
1901:
1863:
1835:
1797:
1793:Strictureplasty
1768:Bowel resection
1756:Duodenal switch
1724:
1695:Medical imaging
1689:
1554:
1485:Digestive tract
1479:
1470:
1464:
1434:
1433:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1143:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1023:
1022:
1018:
979:
978:
974:
951:10.1002/rcs.309
932:
931:
927:
888:
887:
883:
845:
844:
840:
798:
797:
793:
751:
750:
743:
693:
692:
683:
629:
628:
624:
580:
579:
575:
537:
536:
532:
502:
501:
497:
480:
461:
460:
453:
448:
436:
321:
296:
275:
180:
150:formation, and
139:
120:
80:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2374:Milan criteria
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2322:
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2309:
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2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2227:
2225:Abdominopelvic
2221:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2201:Pancreatectomy
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2138:
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2132:
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2122:
2116:
2114:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2064:Liver dialysis
2061:
2050:
2048:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:Fecal fat test
2005:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1947:
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1911:
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1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1734:Lower GI tract
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1715:Barium swallow
1712:
1711:
1710:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1685:Schilling test
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1581:
1579:Gastric lavage
1576:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:Heller myotomy
1517:
1511:
1509:
1496:
1494:Upper GI tract
1487:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1431:
1396:(3): 552–561.
1376:
1355:(5): 465–471.
1335:
1275:
1237:
1182:
1158:
1103:
1068:
1033:(2): 173–180.
1016:
972:
945:(2): 125–131.
925:
898:(5): 371–374.
881:
854:(3): 160–163.
838:
811:(4): 795–803.
791:
741:
706:(6): 495–502.
681:
622:
573:
546:(10): 954–61.
530:
495:
476:10.1038/gimo56
450:
449:
447:
444:
443:
442:
435:
432:
428:food poisoning
320:
317:
303:pressure than
295:
292:
274:
271:
196:gastric fundus
192:fundoplication
179:
176:
164:adenocarcinoma
138:
135:
131:borne his name
119:
116:
82:
81:
74:
71:
70:
61:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
18:Fundoplication
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2407:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Hernia repair
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Fecal pH test
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:Sigmoidoscopy
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1680:Pyloromyotomy
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Esophagectomy
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1123:(5): 559–63.
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
976:
973:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
926:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
885:
882:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
842:
839:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
795:
792:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
746:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
690:
688:
686:
682:
677:
673:
668:
663:
659:
655:
650:
645:
641:
637:
633:
626:
623:
618:
614:
609:
604:
600:
596:
593:(1): 185–93.
592:
588:
584:
577:
574:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
534:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
507:(in German).
506:
499:
496:
491:
485:
477:
473:
469:
465:
458:
456:
452:
445:
441:
438:
437:
433:
431:
429:
425:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
319:Complications
318:
316:
314:
310:
309:hiatal hernia
306:
302:
294:Effectiveness
293:
291:
289:
284:
280:
272:
270:
266:
264:
260:
259:pyloromyotomy
256:
252:
248:
243:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
184:
177:
175:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
136:
134:
132:
128:
124:
117:
115:
113:
109:
108:hiatal hernia
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
78:
69:
65:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2262:Paracentesis
2076:Liver biopsy
1971:Enteroclysis
1956:Defecography
1811:Appendectomy
1674:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1295:
1291:
1253:
1249:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1147:cite journal
1120:
1116:
1106:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1030:
1026:
1019:
986:
982:
975:
942:
938:
928:
895:
891:
884:
851:
847:
841:
808:
804:
794:
764:(1): 73–78.
761:
758:JAMA Surgery
757:
703:
699:
639:
635:
625:
590:
586:
576:
543:
539:
533:
508:
504:
498:
484:cite journal
467:
420:
365:
345:
322:
297:
279:gastric acid
276:
267:
263:pyloroplasty
244:
234:
230:
224:
191:
189:
140:
126:
121:
91:
87:
85:
2252:Laparoscopy
2108:Gallbladder
2071:Hepatectomy
2001:Stool tests
1939:Proctoscopy
1934:Enteroscopy
1919:Colonoscopy
1803:Large bowel
1783:Jejunostomy
1743:Small bowel
1670:Hill repair
1653:Gastrostomy
1631:Billroth II
1621:Gastrectomy
1525:Sialography
525:10008497300
137:Indications
106:(GERD) and
50:Other names
2315:Laparotomy
2257:Omentopexy
2234:Peritoneum
1869:Anal canal
1648:Gastropexy
1626:Billroth I
446:References
404:herniation
357:aerophagia
2112:bile duct
2037:Accessory
1915:Endoscopy
1826:Colostomy
1816:Colectomy
1773:Ileostomy
1703:Endoscopy
1636:Roux-en-Y
1507:Esophagus
1410:0002-9270
1312:1572-0241
1262:0002-9270
1216:0930-2794
1063:231746674
1047:1612-9067
1027:Esophagus
1003:1528-0012
912:0002-9610
876:150096013
833:242477061
778:2168-6254
720:1435-2443
658:1007-9327
587:Ann. Surg
412:dysphagia
408:dysphagia
400:endoscopy
388:Dysphagia
384:dysphagia
380:dysphagia
376:dysphagia
372:dysphagia
368:dysphagia
333:achalasia
325:dysphagia
239:dysphagia
227:achalasia
216:diaphragm
204:esophagus
178:Technique
156:endoscopy
148:stricture
102:to treat
2389:Category
2183:Pancreas
1924:Anoscopy
1418:15056101
1371:23267868
1330:29899438
1232:20831084
1224:10594261
1139:10323431
1098:10695014
1055:33527310
1011:29305934
967:23663135
959:20506440
868:31171151
825:29127961
786:26629969
728:15351884
676:25339814
617:15622007
568:29470586
560:14480031
517:13337262
434:See also
348:belching
59:ICD-9-CM
1560:Stomach
1426:6795623
1321:6394217
1270:8931410
920:9600280
667:4202356
608:1356862
352:stomach
315:alone.
255:pylorus
214:of the
200:stomach
118:History
98:, is a
2277:Hernia
1841:Rectum
1424:
1416:
1408:
1369:
1328:
1318:
1310:
1268:
1260:
1230:
1222:
1214:
1137:
1096:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1009:
1001:
965:
957:
918:
910:
874:
866:
831:
823:
784:
776:
736:278325
734:
726:
718:
674:
664:
656:
615:
605:
566:
558:
523:
515:
366:Acute
337:Marlex
235:Toupet
194:, the
168:asthma
2359:UKELD
2308:Other
2046:Liver
1422:S2CID
1228:S2CID
1059:S2CID
963:S2CID
872:S2CID
829:S2CID
732:S2CID
564:S2CID
398:, or
341:ileus
190:In a
152:ulcer
90:, or
75:[
68:44.67
64:44.66
2354:PELD
2349:MELD
2156:MRCP
2130:ERCP
1414:PMID
1406:ISSN
1367:PMID
1326:PMID
1308:ISSN
1266:PMID
1258:ISSN
1220:PMID
1212:ISSN
1153:link
1135:PMID
1094:PMID
1051:PMID
1043:ISSN
1007:PMID
999:ISSN
955:PMID
916:PMID
908:ISSN
864:PMID
821:PMID
782:PMID
774:ISSN
724:PMID
716:ISSN
672:PMID
654:ISSN
613:PMID
556:PMID
521:NAID
513:PMID
490:link
313:PPIs
257:via
144:GERD
2161:PTC
1503:SGs
1398:doi
1357:doi
1316:PMC
1300:doi
1296:113
1204:doi
1125:doi
1121:134
1086:doi
1035:doi
991:doi
987:154
947:doi
900:doi
896:175
856:doi
813:doi
766:doi
762:151
708:doi
704:390
662:PMC
644:doi
603:PMC
595:doi
591:241
548:doi
472:doi
426:or
416:PPI
305:PPI
301:LES
288:LES
283:PPI
261:or
233:or
231:Dor
2391::
2329:/
2151:IV
2144::
2110:,
1917::
1505:/
1420:.
1412:.
1404:.
1394:99
1392:.
1388:.
1365:.
1353:11
1351:.
1347:.
1324:.
1314:.
1306:.
1294:.
1290:.
1278:^
1264:.
1254:91
1252:.
1240:^
1226:.
1218:.
1210:.
1200:13
1198:.
1194:.
1161:^
1149:}}
1145:{{
1133:.
1119:.
1115:.
1092:.
1082:28
1080:.
1057:.
1049:.
1041:.
1031:18
1029:.
1005:.
997:.
985:.
961:.
953:.
941:.
937:.
914:.
906:.
894:.
870:.
862:.
852:28
850:.
827:.
819:.
809:44
807:.
803:.
780:.
772:.
760:.
756:.
744:^
730:.
722:.
714:.
702:.
698:.
684:^
670:.
660:.
652:.
640:20
638:.
634:.
611:.
601:.
589:.
585:.
562:.
554:.
542:.
519:.
509:86
486:}}
482:{{
470:.
466:.
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394:,
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1428:.
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1359::
1332:.
1302::
1272:.
1234:.
1206::
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1141:.
1127::
1100:.
1088::
1065:.
1037::
1013:.
993::
969:.
949::
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922:.
902::
878:.
858::
835:.
815::
788:.
768::
738:.
710::
678:.
646::
619:.
597::
570:.
550::
544:6
527:.
492:)
474::
79:]
20:)
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