321:
co-dependence between
America and the Philippines was established. Another medium of cultural assimilation from America was their implementation of their education system during the first decade of their occupation, all in which showing more prevalent effects in the political and cultural development of the Filipinos. With the then-new educational system, young Filipinos were taught different American cultural devices such as their songs, values and ideals, and their subsequent assimilation of many of their traditions. All these factors brought about by America allowed for a heterogeneous assimilation between the two distinct cultures that resulted in a unique outcome of specific American influence forming a distinct Filipino image. From here, this is a rich source to understand the nation in its present situation and its historical context.
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223:; it is an important phase in the separation of the dead from the world of the living and transition to the world of the dead. Typically lasting one or two days, it is a continuous watch kept over the dead by family and friends, usually in their own home, before burial. Shane McCorristine writes that the original purposes of an Irish wake were to honour the dead, to celebrate their life, to ensure that death had really occurred, to guard the body from evil, and to placate their soul.
332:
cremation. Drawing heavily from the
Catholic faith, many Filipinos do not practice cremation as they believe that the body must remain intact in order to fulfill and prepare for the resurrection of the dead. Filipinos claimed that cremation must not be observed due to the Catholic church banning this practice, however as early as 1963 the ban was lifted and this point was emphasized in the 1983 revised Canon Law. Cremation remains mostly taboo from a domestic cultural standpoint.
36:
331:
practiced in
American wakes, in which they host the deceased's body clothed and treated with various cosmetics in a funeral home for display and presentability. Both cultures adapting to a similar execution of ritual grief. Another turning point courtesy of the American influence is the practice of
142:
of the body is a part of death rituals in many cultures. It allows one last interaction with the dead, providing a time for the living to express their thoughts and feelings with the deceased. It highlights the idea that the loss is borne by the whole community and is a way of honoring the deceased
320:
After the three-century rule of the
Spaniards in the Philippines, came the American occupation. American culture and influence started to find a place in a Philippine context by using various mediums, specifically the use of free trade. In this trading for and with the American market, a
234:. Traditionally, windows of a wake house are left open to let the soul leave the room, mirrors are covered or turned around, clocks are stopped, and household pets are kept out for the duration of the wake. It is also customary for candles to be kept lit.
249:
says the traditional revelry at wakes can be seen as a way of reasserting the life of the community in the face of death. However, when a death is particularly tragic, or that of a child, the wake is more private and mournful.
269:, in which the other keeners joined while swaying rhythmically. Sometimes professional keeners were hired to fulfill this obligation to the dead. Lysaght writes, "This communal lamentation is often described as having a
178:
was dedicated. Over time the association with prayer has become less important, although not lost completely, and in many countries a wake is now mostly associated with the social interactions accompanying a funeral.
241:. Traditionally there is food and drink, as well as storytelling, music, singing and dancing. Historically, wakes were important social gatherings for the young, who sometimes partook in rowdier amusements and
230:, then brought to the dead person's home for the wake, which is now referred to as the 'wake house'. Historically, the body was usually washed, groomed and clothed in a white shroud at their own home by local
237:
Relatives and friends are expected to visit to pay respects to the dead and to their family, who in turn provide hospitality. At intervals, a collective prayer might be said; for
Catholics usually the
143:
member. The emotional tone of a wake is sometimes seen as more positive than a funeral due to the socially supportive atmosphere and the focus on the life rather than the death of the deceased.
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for the dead harks back to the vigil, "watch" or "guard" of earlier times. It is a misconception that people at a wake are waiting in case the deceased should "wake up".
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134:. Traditionally, a wake involves family and friends keeping watch over the body of the dead person, usually in the home of the deceased. Some wakes are held at a
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Historically, there was a custom in Wales to store the coffin in the home until the funeral. Friends and neighbours would volunteer for the ritual of
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In relation to burial practices, the
Philippine culture has borrowed heavily from the Americans. In the Philippine wake for example, also known as a
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it is tradition that the family and friends hold the body of the deceased in a casket for 5 to 7 days for viewing; this is patterned from the v
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Both keening and the rowdier 'wake games' gradually died out in the late 19th century, due to condemnation from church authorities.
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but is now mostly used for the social interactions accompanying a funeral. While the modern usage of the verb
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Wake customs similar to those of
Ireland are still found in North-western Scotland and in Northern England.
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644:
Gwyndaf, Robin (1997). "'The Sorrow of All People': Death, Grief and
Comfort in a Welsh Rural Community".
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Lysaght, Patricia (2017). "Old Age, Death and
Mourning". In Eugenio Biagini & Mary Daly (ed.).
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Do
Funerals Matter? : The Purposes and Practices of Death Rituals in Global Perspective
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was performed at the wake by a group of women who sat around the body. It was a poetic
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was originally used to denote a prayer vigil, often an annual event held on the
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Now and at the Hour of Our Death: Instructions Concerning My Death and Funeral
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for the dead, addressed directly to the dead person. A leading keening woman (
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Shortly after death, the body is usually prepared and placed in a coffin at a
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Funeral practices and burial customs in the Philippines § American influence
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was held the night preceding the funeral and was a time of merriment.
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Noting the crowd, the emotion, and alcohol, Tom Watson, writing in
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370:, the custom of "guarding" the body of the deceased in Judaism
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Mors Britannica: Lifestyle & Death-Style in Britain Today
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Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Mortality and Its Timings
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Celebrations of Death: The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual
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The term originally referred to a late-night prayer
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An Irish wake as depicted in the later 19th century
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283:out of the wake house by male family and friends.
273:effect on family and community members present".
482:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 129.
464:Metcalf, Peter & Richard Huntington (1991).
138:or another convenient location. The wake or the
892:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
613:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 286–293.
624:
622:
620:
611:The Cambridge Social History of Modern Ireland
510:Word myths: debunking linguistic urban legends
565:. Liturgy Training Publications. p. 28.
43:The examples and perspective in this article
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924:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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203:marking the site of the wake of the writer
646:Folk Life: Journal of Ethnological Studies
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297:('watching the body'). The wake, known as
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81:Learn how and when to remove this message
660:– via Taylor & Francis Online.
506:Ivan Brunetti; Wilton, David A. (2004).
356:was the biggest Irish wake in history."
219:) is a key part of the death customs of
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707:(8th ed.). Quezon City: Garotech.
544:Lancashire legends traditions, pageants
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546:. George Routledge and Sons. pp.
778:"U.S. Funeral Customs and Traditions"
758:from the original on 11 February 2019
561:Lysik, David; Gilmour, Peter (1996).
7:
514:. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
730:National Identity and Social Change
437:. Taylor and Francis. p. 108.
871:"The Night The Who Saved New York"
850:from the original on 7 August 2017
819:from the original on 7 August 2017
265:) chanted verses and led a choral
25:
838:Mateo, Janvic (1 November 2012).
807:Mateo, Janvic (1 November 2012).
788:from the original on 10 July 2017
540:"Pageants, maskings and mummings"
732:. University of the Philippines.
675:. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing.
312:This section is an excerpt from
34:
102:("Look How Lovely She Was") by
703:History of the Filipino People
699:Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1990).
468:. Cambridge Press, New York.
1:
944:Christian worship and liturgy
748:"Funerals in the Philippines"
350:The Concert for New York City
159:is "become or stay alert", a
840:"More Pinoys Want Cremation"
809:"More Pinoys Want Cremation"
629:McCorristine, Shane (2017).
279:At the end of the wake, the
538:; Wilkinson, T. T. (1873).
478:Davies, Douglas J. (2015).
414:"Organising a funeral wake"
389:Memorial service (Orthodox)
57:, discuss the issue on the
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658:10.1179/043087797798238170
311:
895:"Wake – In Ireland"
633:. Springer. pp. 4–7.
959:Funeral-related industry
728:Doronila, Maria (1992).
717:– via Archive.org.
431:Hoy, William G. (2013).
921:Encyclopædia Britannica
901:The American Cyclopædia
174:of the saint to whom a
27:Death-related gathering
949:Christianity and death
746:Hays, Jeffrey (2015).
671:Joaquin, Nick (2004).
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104:Julio Romero de Torres
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63:create a new article
55:improve this article
45:may not represent a
673:Culture and History
100:Mira qué bonita era
964:Culture of Ireland
782:The Funeral Source
337:Other modern wakes
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752:Facts and Details
444:978-0-415-66204-8
394:Viewing (funeral)
281:coffin is carried
116:funeral reception
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18:Funeral wake
450:18 February
374:Nine nights
307:Philippines
933:Categories
400:References
348:, said of
267:death wail
232:wise women
211:The wake (
199:Plaque in
120:visitation
329:isitation
271:cathartic
243:courtship
172:feast day
166:The term
59:talk page
848:Archived
817:Archived
786:Archived
756:Archived
360:See also
352:, " The
71:May 2014
53:You may
854:12 July
823:12 July
792:12 July
762:12 July
367:Shemira
300:gwylnos
255:keening
221:Ireland
201:Thurles
183:Ireland
140:viewing
132:funeral
106:, 1895.
954:Prayer
875:Forbes
711:
679:
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486:
441:
354:Garden
346:Forbes
325:lamay,
259:lament
239:Rosary
147:Origin
550:–124.
287:Wales
213:Irish
153:vigil
128:death
122:is a
61:, or
856:2017
825:2017
794:2017
764:2017
709:ISBN
677:ISBN
567:ISBN
516:ISBN
484:ISBN
452:2018
439:ISBN
168:wake
161:wake
157:wake
112:wake
654:doi
548:123
118:or
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