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cast in molds of various sizes into bricks. When the mud dries up in the molded shape, the process is complete. This technique is applied to most architecture in
Western Sudan such as farmhouses, barns, outer walls, palaces, and even mosques. Mud is good at absorbing heat, which is advantageous for cold nights. However, because of its low resistance to wind and rain, there is a constant need to repair buildings. Therefore, the mud architecture is no longer practical because of its fragility, as well as cultural changes and foreign influences.
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In the south, dinner is served on a low, bare table. There may be five or six dishes to dip into with large pieces of flatbread. These dishes are accompanied by a salad and shata, a red-hot spice mixture served in small dishes. After the meal, dessert is served, then tea. On special occasions incense
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The Quran is studied with the help of a hand-held board shaped object known as the lohh and a wooden stylus called a kalam. The Fur tribesman's knowledge of the Quran determines their position on the tribe's hierarchy ladder. For example, a tribesman must know almost the whole book to attain position
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Among the Fur people, stories are told to keep children safe from the outside world. These stories are designed to keep children close to home. In some stories children are told that if they go out in the morning they will die from the heat of the sun, and in the night they are told if they go out an
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A common type of architecture in homes and buildings is called mud architecture. They dig the clay from the ground, break it up, mix it with water, work thoroughly, and also mix other substances like straw. The clay will then pile up while still wet, pressed on to the scaffolds made out of wood, or
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is also very popular and served in small glasses without milk. Some beverages enjoyed in the non-Islamic areas are Aragi, a clear strong spirit made from dates, merissa, a type of beer and tedj, or wines, made from dates or honey. Sudanese cuisine is as varied as its cultures, especially in the
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In a Fur marriage, the groom's father goes to the bride's father and asks for his son's permission to marry. The bride's father does not give an answer immediately, but then asks the village for its opinion. If everyone approves, the bride's father accepts. The whole village gathers for the
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against the
British. The British conquered Darfur in 1916, and since then it has been part of Sudan. Since the 1970s, the Darfur area has suffered some of the effects of the northern Arab war prosecuted in the south against Southern ethnic groups who wanted to secede from the Sudan.
908:. They are now incorporated into the Sudan political system. The Fur had been basically independent from the 17th century. After British reconquest in 1899, the British approved the re-establishment of the Fur Sultanate, assumed by Ali Dinar when the Mahdist movement crumbled.
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Wheat and dura sorghum are the staple starches. Breads include the
Arabian khubz, and kisra, an omelet-like pancake which is part of the Sudanese dinner. Maschi, a beef and tomato dish, is also typical. Fruits are peeled for dessert and a favorite treat is creme caramel.
854:. The groom and bride hold hands during this time. After the wedding, the family and guests have lunch, then they start a lively dance called firalubia. Then the bride and groom are taken to the bride's house and given food during which everyone says congratulations (
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Daughters normally help their mothers, milk the cows and stay at home. Sons rear and herd cattle along with the domesticated cows. If either of these two misbehave they are similarly punished by their elders. Also, it is disrespectful to look an adult in the eyes.
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When greeting each other, a woman and a man have different forms of respect. The woman must kneel down before the man and the man must slow his pace. Different sexes can also dance together but are forbidden to touch or live with each other unless they are family.
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Men and women usually get married in their late teens to their early twenties. The groom and wife will meet each other and get to know about them, their accomplishments and other important attributes. If everything goes well they will proceed to wed.
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The men bear the family name. They work to bring money to the family and are responsible for all important decisions related to the family, such as finances and marriages. The women get water, prepare the food and ensure the cleanliness of the home.
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Fur music is very popular in their culture. The main instruments are drums. The music is played with a heavy drumbeat that accompanies their celebrations. Some popular Fur musicians are; Abdalla Kioka, Marium Amo and Tour Baréé'ng Kwee.
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The Fur people have many types of families. Porundia, or nuclear families, are a very common type. They normally have 2 or more children. In a typical Fur family the parents of the groom and wife will be taken care of until they die.
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to the northwest of Sudan, where they settled in Darfur. They had 36 sultanates. The Fur were also one of the first people from other ethnic groups in the country who were picked to build the wall covering and mosque surrounding the
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The main occupation here is farming. The Fur people are excellent farmers. They grow and harvest wheat, herbs, spices, etc. Wealth is not really important for the Fur people. Only his knowledge of the Quran determines his altitude.
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south, but it has certain unique characteristics. Millet porridge and fool medamas, a savory dish of mashed fava beans, are popular breakfast foods in the north. Lamb and chicken are often eaten, but pork is prohibited to
Muslims.
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Until 1916, the Fur were ruled by an independent sultanate and were oriented politically to peoples in Chad. Though the ruling dynasty before that time, as well as the common people, had long been
Muslims, they have not been
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1023:(11.5%) lineages are most frequent. This altogether suggests that the genetic introgression into the Fur's ancestral population was asymmetrical, occurring primarily through Afro-Asiatic-speaking males rather than females.
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There is no written or symbolic script for the Fur language. They recently have been using Arabic or Latin characters to put the language in written form. Most Fur people speak Fur fluently as their mother tongue.
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War has been the primary factor in the last few decades of the Darfur area. A civil war lasted about 20 years until the end of the 20th
Century. A new conflict arose in 2003, involving local Arab
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of the Fur people, they do not have so much regard for their wealth. A poor leader and a rich leader can become a chief. The experience of a man is based primarily on his knowledge of the
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870:. Classes begin at 6–7 years and they continue learning the Quran (though not entirely in school) for the rest of their lives. Normal schooling is also practiced in these schools.
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The Fur people also have their own crafts for entertainment. These include dance-games like "ALLE" (all-eh) and toys like
Burajei. Burajei is a small doll-like toy made from a
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Wadi Salih and Zaligi; today, however, most of them live in the lower country west and southwest of that area, between 11–14 N and 23–26 E. Some Fur live across the border in
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Haberland, Eike. "West
African Mud Architecture: Research of the Frobenius-Institut." African Arts, vol. 15, no. 1, 1981, pp. 44–45. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3336004.
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Islam is the major religion among the Fur people, although some still practice their own religion. The schools called (Kalwa) in this region teach the
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The name of Darfur comes from the name of this ethnic group and means "the home of the Fur". Most of the well known governors of Darfur such as
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mountains where the best agricultural land is to be found. This has been the source of ethnic tensions for many years, culminating in the
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Analysis of classic genetic markers and DNA polymorphisms by Tay and Saha (1988) found that the Fur are most closely related to the
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730:, Fur women used to poke their lower lip many times until the lip starts to swell. These dents were considered a sign of beauty.
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revolts continued to break out in Sudan until 1916. The fall of Darfur was decided when Ali Dinar declared loyalty to the
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attacking the
African peoples village by village in a campaign of terror, reportedly supported by the Sudanese military.
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726:. The jalabiya is a white garment that covers the wearer from head to toe. A long time ago, when the Fur tribe was
467:. They are also sometimes referred to by the names Fora, Fordunga, Furawi, Konjara, or Kungara. They are an active
1355:"Genetic Patterns of Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation, with Implications to the Peopling of the Sudan"
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1298:"Y‐chromosome variation among Sudanese: Restricted gene flow, concordance with language, geography, and history"
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paternal haplogroup. Of these, 68.4% bear the V32 subclade. Approximately 6.3% also belong to the haplogroup
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announcement of the marriage, and preparations are made. Then the marriage starts in the groom's house. The
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Clothes among the Fur people are similar to what is worn in Sudan. They wear casual
Sudanese clothes like a
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and may also herd cattle. Some Fur families who have accumulated a substantial cattle herd developed a more
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John S. H. Tay; N. Saha (1988). "Genetic Heterogeneity Among the Negroid and Arab Tribes of the Sudan".
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479:. Culturally, those cattle-herding Fur are now considered to be Baqqara. The Fur are nominally
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Gettleman, Jeffrey, "Chaos in Darfur on rise as Arabs fight with Arabs", news article,
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tribes divided up land they conquered from the Fur, according to a 3 September 2007
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1000:-speaking populations. The remaining Fur individuals are primarily carriers of the
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of Sudan. Both populations have gene frequencies intermediate between those of the
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746:. A man cannot even get married if he does not know a couple pages of this text.
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in hot water and the coffee is served in tiny cups after straining it through a
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895:. Moreover, they managed to send conveys informs of aid every year to Makkah.
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Heavy drums are often used while making speeches and other public addresses.
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and Army. Another leader of the Fur, as of 2007, is Ahmed Abdelshafi (Toba).
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498:. Their society is a traditional one governed by village elders. They speak
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According to Hassan et al. (2008), around 59.4% of Fur are carriers of the
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Maternally, the Fur entirely belong to African-based derivatives of the
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about 502,000 in 1983, about 744,000 in 2004, about 1,100,000 as of 2017
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The Fur people make their own handmade art and utensils. These include
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The traditional heartland of the Fur is the mountainous region around
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The Fur are the largest ethnic group in the Darfur region of western
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996:. This points to significant patrilineal gene flow from neighboring
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In World War I Darfur made a bid for independence by allying with
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may be lit. The ritual of hospitality is important in Sudan.
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account citing United Nations officials and Fur survivors.
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are members of the Fur. The Fur established the historical
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The Fur people came from Central Africa, specifically the
431:, where they are the largest ethnic group. They speak the
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The Furs' lifestyle has led to conflict with the nomadic
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Hamed, Omer Ali. Personal interview. 28 September 2009.
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according to Hassan (2010). Of these mtDNA clades, the
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Hamed, Omer Ali. Personal interview. 15 October 2009.
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Hamed, Omer Ali. Personal interview. 8 October 2009.
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Hamed, Omer Ali. Personal interview. 4 October 2009.
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635:family. They also speak Arabic as a lingua franca.
494:herding and agriculture, mainly the cultivation of
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150:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1296:Hassan, Hisham Y.; et al. (November 2008).
490:They are a Western Sudanese people who practice
1004:lineage (31.3%), which is instead common among
423:) are an ethnic group predominantly inhabiting
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1418:
1067:"A Closer Look: Sudan, The Peoples of Darfur"
8:
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66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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757:. It is bound by rope and sewn by thorns.
547:, a leader among the Fur, established the
475:like that of their herding neighbors, the
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1305:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1263:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
588:Many Fur villagers were massacred in the
287:Learn how and when to remove this message
269:Learn how and when to remove this message
210:Learn how and when to remove this message
1357:. University of Khartoum. Archived from
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1174:"AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Fur people"
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537:which governed Darfur until 1916 (see
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926:in 1916 after Dinar died in battle.
325:Regions with significant populations
148:adding citations to reliable sources
973:populations and those of the local
791:Sudan is well known for its Guhwah
676:, which is used for cleaning pots (
1045:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
803:and other spices. The grounds are
518:. Some of them have come to speak
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459:Flag of the Fur national movement
90:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
47:This article has multiple issues.
1200:"Who are Sudan's Darfur rebels?"
692:Music, stories and entertainment
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1353:Mohamed, Hisham Yousif Hassan.
451:The Fur's traditional territory
251:check for citation inaccuracies
135:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
1198:BBC staff (24 February 2009),
29:Ethnic group in Sudan and Chad
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1951:Muslim communities in Africa
1389:"Furs, Fors or Furani"
1146:, 3 September 2007, pp 1, A7
922:. The British abolished the
485:Maliki school of Islamic law
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642:Common greetings include:
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1041:"Fur A language of Sudan"
549:Sudan Liberation Movement
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884:Central African Republic
339:Central African Republic
299:Not to be confused with
103:may contain suggestions.
88:may need to be rewritten
1275:10.1002/ajpa.1330760209
850:recites words from the
631:, which belongs to the
477:Baqqara (Baggara) Arabs
435:, which belongs to the
1931:Ethnic groups in Sudan
1395:Encyclopedia Americana
774:Roles of men and women
680:looks like a sponge);
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427:, the western part of
1926:Ethnic groups in Chad
1701:Demographics of Sudan
1434:Ethnic groups in Chad
1178:www.101lasttribes.com
585:which began in 2003.
504:Nilo-Saharan language
458:
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374:Related ethnic groups
1334:on 23 September 2016
1115:"Languages of Egypt"
144:improve this article
1364:on 10 November 2020
1047:. SIL International
899:Political situation
718:Attire and body art
535:Sultanate of Darfur
469:agricultural people
437:Nilo-Saharan family
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1317:10.1002/ajpa.20876
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1071:Cultural Survival
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1734:Christianity
1522:Yerwa Kanuri
1486:
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1368:25 September
1366:. Retrieved
1359:the original
1348:
1338:25 September
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1329:the original
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1177:
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1121:27 September
1119:. Retrieved
1117:. Ethnologue
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1095:. Ethnologue
1087:
1075:. Retrieved
1073:. 7 May 2010
1070:
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1044:
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633:Nilo-Saharan
629:Fur language
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623:Fur language
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433:Fur language
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301:Furry fandom
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241:that do not
237:may contain
236:
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159:"Fur people"
154:
142:Please help
137:verification
134:
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1744:Catholicism
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560:Jebel Marra
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514:during the
368:Sunni Islam
1920:Categories
1905:Pakistanis
1749:Protestant
1099:11 October
1027:References
977:-speaking
961:-speaking
621:See also:
506:, and are
170:newspapers
52:improve it
1792:Beni-Amer
1709:Religions
1455:Shuweihat
971:Gulf Arab
943:Janjaweed
647:Avilakona
492:sedentary
350:Languages
333:894,000,
239:citations
200:July 2023
101:talk page
58:talk page
18:Fur tribe
1877:Rashaida
1872:Bedouins
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1601:Sudanese
1566:Mandinka
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1325:18618658
1204:BBC News
1077:4 August
1051:4 August
949:Genetics
906:Arabized
728:Arabised
724:jalabiya
617:Language
568:refugees
556:Jebel Sî
443:Overview
362:Religion
341:14,500,
337:17,000,
245:the text
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