308:). FEV1/FVC ratio was first proposed by E.A. Haensler in 1950. The FEV1/FVC index should not be confused with the FEV1/VC index (Tiffeneau-Pinelli index) as they are different, although both are intended for diagnosing airway obstruction. Current recommendations for diagnosing pulmonary function recommend using the modified Tiffeneau-Pinelli index (also known as the Haensler index). This index is recommended to be represented as a decimal fraction with two digits after the decimal point (for example, 0.70).
35:
369:
FVC are equally reduced due to fibrosis or other lung pathology (not obstructive pathology). Thus, the FEV1/FVC ratio should be approximately normal, or even increased due to a decrease in magnitude of FVC as compared to FEV1 (because of the decreased compliance associated with the presence of
117:
Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing (VT indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation, the symbol TV or
53:
Tidal volume: that volume of air moved into or out of the lungs in 1 breath (TV indicates a subdivision of the lung; when tidal volume is precisely measured, as in gas exchange calculation, the symbol TV or
224:
Forced inspiratory flow: (Specific measurement of the forced inspiratory curve is denoted by nomenclature analogous to that for the forced expiratory curve. For example, maximum inspiratory flow is denoted
330:
In obstructive lung disease, the FEV1 is reduced due to an obstruction of air escaping from the lungs. Thus, the FEV1/FVC ratio will be reduced. More specifically, according to the
347:
540:
Mirsadraee M, Salarifar E, Attaran D. Evaluation of
Superiority of FEV1/VC Over FEV1/FVC for Classification of Pulmonary Disorders. J Cardiothorac Med. 2015; 3(4):355-359.
672:
267:
438:
331:
542:
1038:
362:
that defines when a patient has COPD—that is, when the patient's FEV1% is less than 88% of the predicted value for men, or less than 89% for women.
322:, which is defined as FEV1% of the patient divided by the average FEV1% in the population for any person of similar age, sex, and body composition.
588:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care (partial update)
576:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care (partial update)
501:
665:
1109:
964:
260:
1152:
658:
1028:
755:
179:
Forced expiratory volume (time): a generic term indicating the volume of air exhaled under forced conditions in the first
1147:
877:
355:
558:
1047:
996:
847:
253:
1001:
229:. Unless otherwise specified, volume qualifiers indicate the volume inspired from RV at the point of measurement.)
909:
840:
821:
205:
Forced expiratory flow related to some portion of the FVC curve; modifiers refer to amount of FVC already exhaled
852:
477:
346:
is less than 75% of predicted; however, other authoritative bodies have different diagnostic cutoff points. The
985:
816:
710:
293:
289:
1018:
887:
539:
398:"Using the lower limit of normal for the FEV1/FVC ratio reduces the misclassification of airway obstruction"
245:
Maximal voluntary ventilation: volume of air expired in a specified period during repetitive maximal effort
835:
782:
772:
681:
74:
Expiratory reserve volume: the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled from the end-expiratory position
1023:
959:
168:
Forced vital capacity: the determination of the vital capacity from a maximally forced expiratory effort
498:
315:
and depend on age, sex, height, and ethnicity as well as the research study that they are based upon.
1078:
933:
897:
732:
727:
760:
519:
98:
Inspiratory vital capacity: the maximum volume of air inhaled from the point of maximum expiration
1088:
1083:
1063:
921:
797:
469:
312:
82:
Inspiratory reserve volume: the maximal volume that can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory level
1126:
1042:
1008:
810:
765:
747:
636:
461:
419:
943:
892:
802:
717:
626:
616:
453:
409:
1121:
969:
938:
546:
505:
386:
Minelli R. Appunti dalle lezioni di fisiologia umana. La
Goliardica Pavese, Pavia, 1992.
237:
Peak expiratory flow: The highest forced expiratory flow measured with a peak flow meter
45:
Total lung capacity: the volume in the lungs at maximal inflation, the sum of VC and RV.
1067:
1057:
872:
737:
631:
604:
351:
297:
1141:
1073:
829:
742:
473:
130:
Functional residual capacity: the volume in the lungs at the end-expiratory position
66:
Residual volume: the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
1013:
882:
864:
722:
34:
1052:
194:
Volume that has been exhaled at the end of the first second of forced expiration
1114:
1033:
928:
705:
700:
305:
301:
457:
990:
414:
397:
106:
Vital capacity: the volume of air breathed out after the deepest inhalation.
640:
621:
423:
605:"COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques"
465:
650:
587:
575:
160:
Actual volume of the lung including the volume of the conducting airway.
300:
that they are able to expire in the first second of forced expiration (
695:
17:
311:
Normal values are approximately 75%. Predicted normal values can be
439:"Pulmonary function in obese subjects with a normal FEV1/FVC ratio"
354:
medication has been given to make the diagnosis. According to the
1092:
791:
335:
654:
216:
The maximum instantaneous flow achieved during a FVC maneuver
603:
Nathell, L.; Nathell, M.; Malmberg, P.; Larsson, K. (2007).
396:
Swanney MP, Ruppel G, Enright PL, et al. (2008).
348:
Global
Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
1102:
978:
952:
863:
781:
688:
241:
233:
220:
209:
198:
187:
172:
164:
153:
142:
134:
126:
110:
102:
94:
86:
78:
70:
62:
49:
41:
288:, is a calculated ratio used in the diagnosis of
494:
492:
490:
666:
296:. It represents the proportion of a person's
261:
8:
350:criteria also require that values are after
370:fibrosis in some pathological conditions).
138:Residual volume expressed as percent of TLC
90:Inspiratory capacity: the sum of IRV and TV
27:Ratio used in the diagnosis of lung disease
673:
659:
651:
598:
596:
332:National Institute for Clinical Excellence
268:
254:
33:
630:
620:
413:
379:
365:In restrictive lung disease, the FEV1
342:/FVC ratio is less than 0.7 or the FEV
304:) to the full, forced vital capacity (
29:
7:
1039:oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve
965:hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
25:
437:Sahebjami H, Gartside PS (1996).
286:modified Tiffeneau-Pinelli index
1:
356:European Respiratory Society
318:A derived value of FEV1% is
997:Ventilation/perfusion ratio
848:pulmonary stretch receptors
1169:
1029:alveolar–arterial gradient
910:respiratory minute volume
822:ventral respiratory group
249:
32:
817:dorsal respiratory group
711:obligate nasal breathing
590:. NICE.org.uk. June 2010
578:. NICE.org.uk. June 2010
563:Johns Hopkins University
458:10.1378/chest.110.6.1425
294:restrictive lung disease
1019:pulmonary gas pressures
499:Interpreting spirometry
415:10.1136/thx.2008.098483
1153:Respiratory physiology
773:mechanical ventilation
682:Respiratory physiology
622:10.1186/1465-9921-8-89
358:(ERS) criteria, it is
1024:alveolar gas equation
960:pulmonary circulation
520:"The history of COPD"
1079:respiratory quotient
934:body plethysmography
853:Hering–Breuer reflex
728:pulmonary surfactant
609:Respiratory Research
338:is made when the FEV
1148:Respiratory therapy
922:Lung function tests
756:hyperresponsiveness
559:"Forced Expiration"
334:, the diagnosis of
149:Alveolar gas volume
1089:diffusion capacity
1084:arterial blood gas
1064:carbonic anhydrase
798:pneumotaxic center
545:2017-11-16 at the
504:2008-07-25 at the
1135:
1134:
1043:Oxygen saturation
1009:zones of the lung
748:airway resistance
518:Petty, Thomas L.
508:. gp-training.net
313:calculated online
278:
277:
16:(Redirected from
1160:
944:nitrogen washout
803:apneustic center
718:respiratory rate
675:
668:
661:
652:
645:
644:
634:
624:
600:
591:
585:
579:
573:
567:
566:
555:
549:
537:
531:
530:
524:
515:
509:
496:
485:
484:
482:
476:. Archived from
443:
434:
428:
427:
417:
393:
387:
384:
270:
263:
256:
37:
30:
21:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1122:oxygen toxicity
1098:
986:ventilation (V)
974:
970:pulmonary shunt
948:
939:peak flow meter
859:
777:
684:
679:
649:
648:
602:
601:
594:
586:
582:
574:
570:
557:
556:
552:
547:Wayback Machine
538:
534:
522:
517:
516:
512:
506:Wayback Machine
497:
488:
480:
441:
436:
435:
431:
408:(12): 1046–51.
395:
394:
390:
385:
381:
376:
360:FEV1% predicted
345:
341:
328:
320:FEV1% predicted
274:
228:
213:
202:
191:
176:
157:
146:
121:
114:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1068:chloride shift
1061:
1058:Haldane effect
1055:
1050:
1045:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
988:
982:
980:
976:
975:
973:
972:
967:
962:
956:
954:
950:
949:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
924:
918:
917:
915:FEV1/FVC ratio
912:
907:
905:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
869:
867:
861:
860:
858:
857:
856:
855:
845:
844:
843:
838:
830:chemoreceptors
826:
825:
824:
819:
807:
806:
805:
800:
787:
785:
779:
778:
776:
775:
770:
769:
768:
763:
758:
750:
745:
740:
738:elastic recoil
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
714:
713:
708:
703:
692:
690:
686:
685:
680:
678:
677:
670:
663:
655:
647:
646:
592:
580:
568:
550:
532:
510:
486:
483:on 2019-02-19.
429:
388:
378:
377:
375:
372:
352:bronchodilator
343:
339:
327:
326:Disease states
324:
298:vital capacity
284:, also called
282:FEV1/FVC ratio
276:
275:
273:
272:
265:
258:
250:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
214:
211:
207:
206:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
189:
185:
184:
177:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
158:
155:
151:
150:
147:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1165:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:high altitude
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:Insufficiency
1101:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:oxyhemoglobin
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
977:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
951:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
923:
920:
919:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
866:
862:
854:
851:
850:
849:
846:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
831:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
813:
812:
808:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
794:
793:
789:
788:
786:
784:
780:
774:
771:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:hysteresivity
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
694:
693:
691:
687:
683:
676:
671:
669:
664:
662:
657:
656:
653:
642:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
614:
610:
606:
599:
597:
593:
589:
584:
581:
577:
572:
569:
564:
560:
554:
551:
548:
544:
541:
536:
533:
528:
521:
514:
511:
507:
503:
500:
495:
493:
491:
487:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:(6): 1425–9.
451:
447:
440:
433:
430:
425:
421:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
392:
389:
383:
380:
373:
371:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
337:
333:
325:
323:
321:
316:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
271:
266:
264:
259:
257:
252:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
223:
219:
215:
208:
204:
197:
193:
186:
182:
178:
171:
167:
163:
159:
152:
148:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
116:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
1014:gas exchange
979:Interactions
914:
904:calculations
865:Lung volumes
828:
809:
790:
761:constriction
723:respirometer
612:
608:
583:
571:
562:
553:
535:
526:
513:
478:the original
449:
445:
432:
405:
401:
391:
382:
366:
364:
359:
329:
319:
317:
310:
285:
281:
279:
180:
1053:Bohr effect
953:Circulation
689:Respiration
290:obstructive
1142:Categories
1115:death zone
1034:hemoglobin
929:spirometry
888:dead space
841:peripheral
766:dilatation
752:bronchial
733:compliance
706:exhalation
701:inhalation
374:References
991:Perfusion
615:(1): 89.
527:nlhep.org
122:is used.)
58:is used.)
1002:V/Q scan
641:18053200
543:Archived
502:Archived
474:25461249
424:18786983
1127:hypoxia
1048:2,3-BPG
836:central
811:medulla
783:Control
632:2217523
466:8989055
183:seconds
135:RV/TLC%
696:breath
639:
629:
472:
464:
422:
402:Thorax
523:(PDF)
481:(PDF)
470:S2CID
446:Chest
442:(PDF)
18:FEV1%
1093:DLCO
993:(Q)
792:pons
637:PMID
462:PMID
420:PMID
336:COPD
302:FEV1
292:and
280:The
898:PEF
878:FRC
627:PMC
617:doi
454:doi
450:110
410:doi
367:and
306:FVC
242:MVV
234:PEF
227:max
225:FIF
221:FIF
212:max
210:FEF
199:FEF
188:FEV
173:FEV
165:FVC
127:FRC
95:IVC
79:IRV
71:ERV
42:TLC
1144::
893:CC
883:Vt
873:VC
635:.
625:.
611:.
607:.
595:^
561:.
525:.
489:^
468:.
460:.
448:.
444:.
418:.
406:63
404:.
400:.
103:VC
87:IC
63:RV
50:TV
1095:)
1091:(
1070:)
1066:(
1060:)
1041:(
674:e
667:t
660:v
643:.
619::
613:8
565:.
529:.
456::
426:.
412::
344:1
340:1
269:e
262:t
255:v
201:x
190:1
181:t
175:t
156:L
154:V
145:A
143:V
120:T
118:V
113:T
111:V
56:T
54:V
20:)
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