Knowledge (XXG)

FMA instruction set

Source 📝

1032:: WikiChip's testing shows FMA4 still appears to work (under the conditions of the tests) despite not being officially supported and not even reported by CPUID. This has also been confirmed by Agner Fog. But other tests gave wrong results. AMD Official Web Site FMA4 Support Note ZEN CPUs = AMD ThreadRipper 1900x, R7 Pro 1800, 1700, R5 Pro 1600, 1500, R3 Pro 1300, 1200, R3 2200G, R5 2400G. 1532: 1122:
The incompatibility between Intel's FMA3 and AMD's FMA4 is due to both companies changing plans without coordinating coding details with each other. AMD changed their plans from FMA3 to FMA4 while Intel changed their plans from FMA4 to FMA3 almost at the same time. The history can be summarized as
1221:
package that has since been rectified. One unconfirmed report of wrong results led to some doubt, but Mysticial (Alexander Yee, developer of y-cruncher) debunked it: FMA4 worked for bit-exact bignum calculations on his Zen 1 system for years, and the one report on Reddit never had any followup
1222:
investigation to rule out mistakes in the testing software before being widely repeated. The initial Ryzen CPUs could be crashed by a particular sequence of FMA3 instructions, but updated CPU microcode fixes the problem.
1166:
AMD changes the specification of their FMA instructions from the 3-operand DREX form to the 4-operand VEX form, compatible with the April 2008 Intel specification rather than the December 2008 Intel
1880: 1820: 1560: 1546: 1318:"FMA3 and FMA4 are not instruction sets, they are individual instructions -- fused multiply add. They could be quite useful depending on how Intel and AMD implement them" 1799: 169:. The three-operand form makes the code shorter and the hardware implementation slightly simpler, while the four-operand form provides more programming flexibility. 2600: 1347: 1388: 2439: 2403: 2293: 1855: 2481: 1137:
instruction set, which includes 3-operand FMA instructions. A new coding scheme (DREX) is introduced for allowing instructions to have three operands.
2969: 2000: 1217:
instruction. There has been confusion regarding whether FMA4 was implemented or not on this processor due to errata in the initial patch to the
2526: 2148: 1603: 1160:
Intel changes the specification for their FMA instructions from 4-operand to 3-operand instructions. The VEX coding scheme is still used.
2593: 1232:
and later Ryzen processors don't support FMA4 at all. They continue to support FMA3. Only Zen 1 and Zen+ have unofficial FMA4 support.
2694: 2612: 2511: 2469: 1654: 2975: 2854: 2730: 2620: 2255: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 111: 1834: 2985: 2624: 1682: 1474: 134:
to allow the result to fit within the destination register if there are too many significant bits to fit within the destination.
1512: 1015: 200: 2586: 2496: 2286: 1184: 1009: 193: 78: 2551: 1898: 1174: 1021: 1003: 90: 64: 2871: 2531: 2398: 1993: 1392: 1321: 2486: 1200: 216: 86: 1365:"The microarchitecture of Intel, AMD and VIA CPUs An optimization guide for assembly programmers and compiler makers" 2829: 2793: 2342: 2196: 1147: 3048: 3038: 2944: 2900: 2755: 2279: 114:
operations, but FMA3 instructions have three operands, while FMA4 ones have four. The FMA operation has the form
35: 2506: 1926: 1150:
and FMA instruction sets, including 4-operand FMA instructions. The coding of these instructions uses the new
3043: 2950: 2879: 2650: 2645: 2546: 2536: 2464: 1986: 1245: 1029: 1574: 1263: 1257: 1251: 103: 49: 2718: 2567: 2491: 2357: 2332: 1912: 1707: 1287: 2920: 2743: 2541: 2393: 2206: 2123: 1965: 1475:"New "Bulldozer" and "Piledriver" Instructions A step forward for high performance software development" 1454:"AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual Volume 6: 128-Bit and 256-Bit XOP, FMA4 and CVT16 Instructions" 67:
architecture. FMA4 was performed in hardware before FMA3 was. Support for FMA4 has been removed since
2961: 2932: 2677: 1183:
AMD announces FMA3 support in future processors codenamed Trinity and Vishera; they are based on the
102:
FMA3 and FMA4 instructions have almost identical functionality, but are not compatible. Both contain
2914: 2805: 2260: 2201: 2034: 173: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2474: 2118: 1658: 1260:
2012 supports FMA3 instructions (if the processor also supports AVX2 instruction set extension).
1732: 2884: 2682: 2662: 2449: 2408: 1892: 1814: 1341: 1293: 391:
Explicit order of operands is included in the mnemonic using numbers "132", "213", and "231":
82: 2846: 2459: 2352: 1779: 1758: 2609: 2516: 2337: 45: 2143: 107: 42: 1951: 1364: 1248:
supports FMA4 with -mfma4 since version 4.5.0 and FMA3 with -mfma since version 4.7.0.
3032: 2362: 2158: 2138: 2133: 1495: 1881:"AMD Bulldozer only FMA4 and XOP instructions are supported by GCC Intel still mute" 2367: 1433: 1413: 1218: 153:
to be four different registers, while the three-operand form (FMA3) requires that
2908: 2372: 1296:
supports FMA3 instructions since version 2.03 and FMA4 instructions since 2.06.
2454: 2413: 2327: 2153: 2093: 2088: 2044: 1151: 2578: 2938: 2860: 2701: 2638: 2633: 2521: 2501: 2377: 2347: 2128: 2098: 1453: 1269: 1210: 491:
as well as operand format (packed or scalar) and size (single or double).
2322: 2317: 2168: 2163: 131: 2823: 2706: 2689: 2672: 2655: 2072: 1630: 224: 220: 2926: 2889: 2749: 2191: 2186: 2039: 2029: 1733:"Intel Architecture Instruction Set Extensions Programming Reference" 1281: 1930: 206:
2nd gen "Bulldozer" (bdver2) with Piledriver cores, October 23, 2012
17: 2271: 1213:
processors officially supports FMA3, but not FMA4 according to the
176:
for more discussion of compatibility issues between Intel and AMD.
2835: 2773: 2713: 2423: 2418: 2302: 2024: 1634: 1610: 1229: 1214: 1143: 68: 1978: 1657:. Dave Christie, AMD Developer blogs. May 6, 2009. Archived from 1241:
Different compilers provide different levels of support for FMA:
2817: 2799: 2785: 2779: 2767: 2761: 2667: 2444: 2250: 2067: 1582: 1299: 1275: 1134: 2582: 2275: 1982: 2734: 2009: 1835:"AMD Ryzen Machine Crashes to a Sequence of FMA3 Instructions" 1578: 1481: 1460: 1130: 60: 39: 1154:
coding scheme, which is more flexible than AMD's DREX scheme.
1708:"Software Optimization Guide for AMD Family 15h Processors" 1278:
3.1 adds FMA4 support, along with preliminary FMA3 support.
1966:"Enable detection of AVX and AVX2 support through CPUID" 1631:"Intel Advanced Vector Extensions Programming Reference" 1604:"Intel Advanced Vector Extensions Programming Reference" 1802:. 2019-07-16. Archived from the original on 2019-08-22 1780:"[PATCH] Remove CpuFMA4 from Znver1 CPU Flags" 1513:"Discussion – Ryzen has undocumented support for FMA4" 1328:. Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search (GIMPS) project 1193:
AMD Piledriver processor supports both FMA3 and FMA4.
1677: 1675: 2984: 2960: 2898: 2870: 2845: 2729: 2619: 2560: 2432: 2386: 2310: 2179: 2111: 2081: 2060: 2053: 2017: 1913:"FMA4 Intrinsics Added for Visual Studio 2010 SP1" 1887:. Archived from the original on November 17, 2011. 1040:Intel has not released CPUs with support for FMA4. 77:is supported in AMD processors starting with the 1819:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1507: 1505: 27:X86 instruction set extension developed by Intel 1496:"Agner's CPU blog - Test results for AMD Ryzen" 2857:(ABM: 2007, BMI1: 2012, BMI2: 2013, TBM: 2012) 1874: 1872: 2594: 2287: 1994: 8: 1683:"New Bulldozer and Piledriver Instructions" 1346:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 52:(FMA) operations. There are two variants: 2601: 2587: 2579: 2440:Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller 2404:Intel Communication Streaming Architecture 2294: 2280: 2272: 2057: 2001: 1987: 1979: 2482:High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection 2221: 2216: 1302:supports both FMA3 and FMA4 instructions. 1757:Gopalasubramanian, Ganesh (2015-03-10). 1050: 628: 493: 393: 239: 2917:(2008); ARMv8 also has AES instructions 1311: 387:generates a −0 for all inputs are zero. 130:), where the round function performs a 34:is an extension to the 128 and 256-bit 2527:Platform Environment Control Interface 1890: 1812: 1759:"[PATCH] add znver1 processor" 1561:"www.amd.com, FMA4 support model list" 1547:"www.amd.com, FMA4 support model list" 1533:"www.amd.com, FMA4 support model list" 1339: 1856:"Stack Overflow comment by Mysticial" 1800:"Stack Overflow comment by Mysticial" 7: 1359: 1357: 1254:2010 SP1 supports FMA4 instructions. 219:(2013) and newer processors, except 196:(2012) and newer microarchitectures 137:The four-operand form (FMA4) allows 1389:"AMD and the Visual Studio 11 Beta" 2512:Host Embedded Controller Interface 374:result = − (a · b + c) 25: 1581:Developer Central. Archived from 3017:Suspended extensions' dates are 1879:Latif, Lawrence (Nov 14, 2011). 370:result = − a · b + c 345:result = − a · b − c 311:result = + a · b − c 298:result = − a · b + c 264:result = + a · b + c 203:, "Trinity" (32nm), May 15, 2012 1387:Maffeo, Robin (March 1, 2012). 1290:support only FMA3 instructions. 329: for  i = 0, 2, ... 282: for  i = 0, 2, ... 1575:"128-Bit SSE5 Instruction Set" 1237:Compiler and assembler support 327:result = a · b + c 324: for  i = 1, 3, ... 322:result = a · b − c 280:result = a · b − c 277: for  i = 1, 3, ... 275:result = a · b + c 1: 1095:ymm, ymm, ymm/m256, ymm/m256 1087:xmm, xmm, xmm/m128, xmm/m128 1079:ymm, ymm, ymm/m256, ymm/m256 1068:xmm, xmm, xmm/m128, xmm/m128 1000:"Heavy Equipment" processors 63:processors starting with the 2470:Active Management Technology 2399:MultiProcessor Specification 1320:Woltmann, George (Prime95). 1209:The first generation of AMD 1006:processors, October 12, 2011 237:Supported commands include 1326:mersenneforum.org/index.php 1284:5.0 adds "limited support". 1111:xmm, xmm, xmm/m32, xmm/m32 1103:xmm, xmm, xmm/m64, xmm/m64 1024:processors (including "v2") 3065: 1778:Pawar, Amit (2015-08-07). 1434:"CPU-Z - ID : kr2mlx" 1414:"CPU-Z - ID : y5z6gq" 3015: 1897:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1272:supports FMA4 with -mfma. 1070: 928: 891:a = b · c + a 889: 886: 815: 778:a = b · a + c 776: 773: 702: 665:a = a · c + b 663: 660: 541: 526: 472:a = b · c + a 447:a = b · a + c 422:a = a · c + b 320: 314: 273: 267: 36:Streaming SIMD Extensions 2814:(FMA4: 2011, FMA3: 2012) 2507:Serial Digital Video Out 2497:Rapid Storage Technology 1952:"LLVM 3.1 Release Notes" 1203:processor supports FMA3. 1177:processor supports FMA4. 969:VEX.LIG.66.0F38.W0 B9 /r 952:VEX.LIG.66.0F38.W1 B9 /r 935:VEX.128.66.0F38.W0 B8 /r 915:VEX.128.66.0F38.W1 B8 /r 898:VEX.256.66.0F38.W0 B8 /r 873:VEX.256.66.0F38.W1 B8 /r 856:VEX.LIG.66.0F38.W0 A9 /r 839:VEX.LIG.66.0F38.W1 A9 /r 822:VEX.128.66.0F38.W0 A8 /r 802:VEX.128.66.0F38.W1 A8 /r 785:VEX.256.66.0F38.W0 A8 /r 760:VEX.256.66.0F38.W1 A8 /r 743:VEX.LIG.66.0F38.W0 99 /r 726:VEX.LIG.66.0F38.W1 99 /r 709:VEX.128.66.0F38.W0 98 /r 689:VEX.128.66.0F38.W1 98 /r 672:VEX.256.66.0F38.W0 98 /r 647:VEX.256.66.0F38.W1 98 /r 157:be the same register as 2872:Compressed instructions 2552:Ultra Path Interconnect 2537:Platform Controller Hub 2465:Intel Management Engine 106:(FMA) instructions for 2568:Silicon Photonics Link 2532:QuickPath Interconnect 2542:System Management Bus 2487:High Definition Audio 2394:Common Building Block 2124:High Bandwidth Memory 1391:. AMD. Archived from 1322:"Intel AVX and GIMPS" 2962:Transactional memory 1655:"Striking a balance" 1264:Microsoft Visual C++ 1258:Microsoft Visual C++ 1252:Microsoft Visual C++ 1054:Mnemonic (AT&T) 987:FMA4 instruction set 180:FMA3 instruction set 91:Broadwell processors 38:instructions in the 1395:on November 9, 2013 929:xmm, xmm, xmm/m128 887:ymm, ymm, ymm/m256 816:xmm, xmm, xmm/m128 774:ymm, ymm, ymm/m256 703:xmm, xmm, xmm/m128 661:ymm, ymm, ymm/m256 174:XOP instruction set 32:FMA instruction set 1915:. 4 February 2013. 980:xmm, xmm, xmm/m32 963:xmm, xmm, xmm/m64 867:xmm, xmm, xmm/m32 850:xmm, xmm, xmm/m64 754:xmm, xmm, xmm/m32 737:xmm, xmm, xmm/m64 104:fused multiply–add 87:Haswell processors 50:fused multiply–add 3026: 3025: 2576: 2575: 2450:Intel Turbo Boost 2409:Intel Inboard 386 2269: 2268: 2107: 2106: 1927:"EKOPath man doc" 1115: 1114: 1047:Excerpt from FMA4 1016:Steamroller-based 984: 983: 624: 623: 489: 488: 350: 349: 233:Excerpt from FMA3 81:architecture and 16:(Redirected from 3056: 3049:AMD technologies 3039:X86 instructions 2847:Bit manipulation 2603: 2596: 2589: 2580: 2492:Hub Architecture 2460:Intel Secure Key 2296: 2289: 2282: 2273: 2058: 2003: 1996: 1989: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1948: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1938: 1929:. Archived from 1923: 1917: 1916: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1896: 1888: 1876: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1863: 1852: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1842: 1831: 1825: 1824: 1818: 1810: 1808: 1807: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1787: 1786: 1775: 1769: 1768: 1766: 1765: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1737: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1712: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1687: 1679: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1666: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1617: 1608: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1590: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1557: 1551: 1550: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1529: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1509: 1500: 1499: 1492: 1486: 1485: 1479: 1471: 1465: 1464: 1458: 1450: 1444: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1420: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1401: 1400: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1361: 1352: 1351: 1345: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1316: 1146:announces their 1051: 1010:Piledriver-based 970: 953: 936: 916: 899: 892: 874: 857: 840: 823: 803: 786: 779: 761: 744: 727: 710: 690: 673: 666: 648: 629: 626:This results in 587: 562: 547: 532: 494: 484: 478: 473: 459: 453: 448: 434: 428: 423: 394: 375: 371: 346: 328: 323: 312: 299: 281: 276: 265: 240: 59:is supported in 21: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3053: 3029: 3028: 3027: 3022: 3011: 2980: 2956: 2894: 2866: 2841: 2725: 2615: 2610:Instruction set 2607: 2577: 2572: 2556: 2517:Hyper-threading 2428: 2382: 2306: 2300: 2270: 2265: 2175: 2103: 2077: 2049: 2035:Radeon Software 2013: 2007: 1977: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1936: 1934: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1889: 1878: 1877: 1870: 1861: 1859: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1840: 1838: 1837:. 16 March 2017 1833: 1832: 1828: 1811: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1763: 1761: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1673: 1664: 1662: 1661:on July 8, 2012 1653: 1652: 1648: 1639: 1637: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1615: 1613: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1588: 1586: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1503: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1484:. October 2012. 1477: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1427: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1398: 1396: 1386: 1385: 1381: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1355: 1338: 1331: 1329: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1288:Intel compilers 1239: 1120: 1049: 1022:Excavator-based 1004:Bulldozer-based 994: 989: 968: 951: 934: 914: 897: 890: 872: 855: 838: 821: 801: 784: 777: 759: 742: 725: 708: 688: 671: 664: 646: 585: 560: 545: 530: 509: 498: 482: 476: 471: 457: 451: 446: 435:(other factor) 432: 426: 421: 406: 398: 373: 369: 344: 326: 325: 321: 310: 297: 279: 278: 274: 263: 235: 187: 182: 100: 46:instruction set 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3062: 3060: 3052: 3051: 3046: 3044:SIMD computing 3041: 3031: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3019:struck through 3016: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2990: 2988: 2986:Virtualization 2982: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2905: 2903: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2876: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2864: 2858: 2851: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2840: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2740: 2738: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2711: 2710: 2709: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2653: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2630: 2628: 2617: 2616: 2608: 2606: 2605: 2598: 2591: 2583: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2570: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2284: 2276: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2076: 2075: 2070: 2064: 2062: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2008: 2006: 2005: 1998: 1991: 1983: 1976: 1975: 1957: 1943: 1918: 1904: 1868: 1847: 1826: 1791: 1770: 1749: 1724: 1699: 1671: 1646: 1622: 1595: 1566: 1552: 1538: 1524: 1501: 1487: 1466: 1463:. May 1, 2009. 1445: 1425: 1405: 1379: 1353: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1285: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1261: 1255: 1249: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1223: 1207:February 2017: 1204: 1194: 1188: 1178: 1168: 1167:specification. 1161: 1158:December 2008: 1155: 1138: 1133:announces the 1119: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1019: 1013: 1007: 993: 992:CPUs with FMA4 990: 988: 985: 982: 981: 978: 971: 965: 964: 961: 954: 948: 947: 937: 931: 930: 927: 917: 911: 910: 900: 894: 893: 888: 885: 875: 869: 868: 865: 858: 852: 851: 848: 841: 835: 834: 824: 818: 817: 814: 804: 798: 797: 787: 781: 780: 775: 772: 762: 756: 755: 752: 745: 739: 738: 735: 728: 722: 721: 711: 705: 704: 701: 691: 685: 684: 674: 668: 667: 662: 659: 649: 643: 642: 639: 636: 633: 622: 621: 618: 611: 608: 600: 599: 596: 589: 583: 575: 574: 571: 564: 558: 550: 549: 543: 540: 534: 528: 525: 518: 517: 514: 511: 506: 503: 500: 487: 486: 480: 474: 469: 462: 461: 455: 449: 444: 437: 436: 430: 424: 419: 412: 411: 408: 407:memory operand 403: 400: 389: 388: 377: 357: 356: 354: 348: 347: 342: 331: 330: 319: 313: 308: 301: 300: 295: 284: 283: 272: 266: 261: 254: 253: 250: 247: 244: 234: 231: 230: 229: 228: 227: 211: 210: 209: 208: 207: 204: 186: 185:CPUs with FMA3 183: 181: 178: 108:floating-point 99: 96: 95: 94: 85:starting with 72: 43:microprocessor 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3061: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3020: 3014: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2899:Security and 2897: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2569: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2297: 2292: 2290: 2285: 2283: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2170: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2004: 1999: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1972:. 2012-04-26. 1971: 1967: 1961: 1958: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1933:on 2016-06-23 1932: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1900: 1894: 1886: 1882: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1836: 1830: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1801: 1795: 1792: 1781: 1774: 1771: 1760: 1753: 1750: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1709: 1703: 1700: 1684: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1647: 1636: 1632: 1626: 1623: 1612: 1605: 1599: 1596: 1585:on 2008-01-15 1584: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1567: 1562: 1556: 1553: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1514: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498:. 2017-05-02. 1497: 1491: 1488: 1483: 1476: 1470: 1467: 1462: 1455: 1449: 1446: 1435: 1429: 1426: 1415: 1409: 1406: 1394: 1390: 1383: 1380: 1366: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1343: 1327: 1323: 1315: 1312: 1306: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1266:since VC 2013 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1236: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1187:architecture. 1186: 1182: 1181:January 2012: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1171:October 2011: 1169: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1117: 1110: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1046: 1039: 1038: 1036: 1031: 1028: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 1001: 999: 998: 996: 995: 991: 986: 979: 976: 972: 967: 966: 962: 959: 955: 950: 949: 946: 942: 938: 933: 932: 926: 922: 918: 913: 912: 909: 905: 901: 896: 895: 884: 880: 876: 871: 870: 866: 863: 859: 854: 853: 849: 846: 842: 837: 836: 833: 829: 825: 820: 819: 813: 809: 805: 800: 799: 796: 792: 788: 783: 782: 771: 767: 763: 758: 757: 753: 750: 746: 741: 740: 736: 733: 729: 724: 723: 720: 716: 712: 707: 706: 700: 696: 692: 687: 686: 683: 679: 675: 670: 669: 658: 654: 650: 645: 644: 640: 637: 634: 631: 630: 627: 619: 616: 612: 609: 606: 602: 601: 597: 594: 590: 584: 581: 577: 576: 572: 569: 565: 559: 556: 552: 551: 544: 539: 535: 529: 524: 520: 519: 515: 512: 507: 504: 501: 496: 495: 492: 481: 475: 470: 468: 464: 463: 456: 450: 445: 443: 439: 438: 431: 425: 420: 418: 414: 413: 409: 404: 401: 396: 395: 392: 386: 382: 378: 367: 363: 359: 358: 355: 352: 351: 343: 341: 337: 333: 332: 318: 309: 307: 303: 302: 296: 294: 290: 286: 285: 271: 262: 260: 256: 255: 251: 248: 245: 242: 241: 238: 232: 226: 222: 218: 215: 214: 212: 205: 202: 198: 197: 195: 192: 191: 189: 188: 184: 179: 177: 175: 170: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 135: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 97: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 73: 70: 66: 62: 58: 55: 54: 53: 51: 47: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 3018: 2901:cryptography 2811: 2788: 2475:AMT versions 2387:Discontinued 2211: 2180:Instructions 2119:Cool'n'Quiet 1969: 1960: 1946: 1935:. Retrieved 1931:the original 1921: 1907: 1885:The Inquirer 1884: 1860:. Retrieved 1858:. 2019-07-16 1850: 1839:. Retrieved 1829: 1804:. Retrieved 1794: 1783:. Retrieved 1773: 1762:. Retrieved 1752: 1740:. Retrieved 1727: 1715:. Retrieved 1702: 1690:. Retrieved 1663:. Retrieved 1659:the original 1649: 1638:. Retrieved 1625: 1614:. Retrieved 1598: 1587:. Retrieved 1583:the original 1569: 1555: 1541: 1527: 1516:. Retrieved 1490: 1469: 1448: 1437:. Retrieved 1428: 1417:. Retrieved 1408: 1397:. Retrieved 1393:the original 1382: 1371:. Retrieved 1330:. Retrieved 1325: 1314: 1240: 1225: 1219:GNU Binutils 1206: 1196: 1190: 1180: 1170: 1163: 1157: 1140: 1128:August 2007: 1127: 1121: 1071:a = b·c + d 974: 957: 944: 940: 924: 920: 907: 903: 882: 878: 861: 844: 831: 827: 811: 807: 794: 790: 769: 765: 748: 731: 718: 714: 698: 694: 681: 677: 656: 652: 625: 614: 604: 592: 579: 567: 554: 537: 522: 490: 466: 441: 416: 390: 384: 380: 372:, not   365: 361: 339: 335: 316: 305: 292: 288: 269: 258: 236: 171: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 136: 127: 123: 119: 115: 101: 98:Instructions 74: 56: 31: 29: 2885:MIPS16e ASE 2547:Thunderbolt 1141:April 2008: 410:overwrites 110:scalar and 93:since 2014. 48:to perform 3033:Categories 2613:extensions 2414:Intel Play 2353:Skulltrail 2323:Centrino 2 2305:technology 2207:CVT16/F16C 2154:AMD Wraith 2144:Turbo Core 2112:Technology 2045:Xilinx ISE 2012:technology 1937:2013-07-24 1862:2023-09-01 1841:2017-09-10 1806:2023-09-01 1785:2022-05-01 1764:2022-05-01 1665:2018-11-07 1640:2009-05-06 1616:2008-04-05 1589:2008-01-28 1518:2017-05-10 1439:2022-05-01 1419:2022-05-01 1399:2018-11-07 1373:2017-05-02 1307:References 1226:July 2019: 1197:June 2013: 1185:Piledriver 1092:VFMADDPSy 1084:VFMADDPSx 1076:VFMADDPDy 1065:VFMADDPDx 1060:Operation 1018:processors 1012:processors 641:Operation 620:8× 64 bit 610:16× 32 bit 598:4× 64 bit 573:2× 64 bit 485:(summand) 252:Operation 194:Piledriver 79:Piledriver 2702:Power ISA 2683:MIPS SIMD 2522:Omni-Path 2502:SpeedStep 2348:Ultrabook 2311:Platforms 2139:PowerTune 2134:PowerPlay 2129:PowerNow! 2054:Platforms 1270:PathScale 1191:May 2012: 1175:Bulldozer 1164:May 2009: 1123:follows: 1108:VFMADDSS 1100:VFMADDSD 1057:Operands 638:Operands 635:Mnemonic 632:Encoding 588:8× 32 bit 563:4× 32 bit 513:precision 502:precision 460:(factor) 454:(summand) 402:Operation 368:is   246:Operation 65:Bulldozer 3008:(AMD-Vi) 2561:Upcoming 2318:Centrino 2169:Ryzen AI 2082:Obsolete 2018:Software 1893:cite web 1815:cite web 1717:19 April 1342:cite web 479:(factor) 429:(factor) 405:possible 249:Mnemonic 243:Mnemonic 225:Celerons 221:Pentiums 199:2nd gen 132:rounding 118:= round( 2909:PadLock 2824:AVX-512 2690:PA-RISC 2673:MIPS-3D 2433:Current 2363:Galileo 2073:GPUOpen 2061:Current 1742:25 July 1738:. Intel 1692:25 July 1332:27 July 1201:Haswell 1118:History 548:64 bit 508:Postfix 497:Postfix 465:  440:  415:  397:Postfix 217:Haswell 3002:(2006) 2996:(2005) 2972:(2013) 2953:(2021) 2947:(2015) 2941:(2015) 2935:(2013) 2929:(2012) 2927:RDRAND 2923:(2010) 2915:AES-NI 2911:(2003) 2863:(2014) 2838:(2023) 2832:(2022) 2826:(2015) 2820:(2013) 2808:(2009) 2802:(2009) 2796:(2008) 2789:(2007) 2782:(2006) 2776:(2006) 2770:(2004) 2764:(2001) 2758:(1999) 2752:(1998) 2750:3DNow! 2746:(1996) 2368:Edison 2338:Tablet 2192:3DNow! 2187:X86-64 2159:Virtex 2094:Dragon 2089:Spider 2040:Vivado 2030:AMDGPU 1282:Open64 1199:Intel 1037:Intel 973:VFMADD 956:VFMADD 939:VFMADD 919:VFMADD 902:VFMADD 877:VFMADD 860:VFMADD 843:VFMADD 826:VFMADD 806:VFMADD 789:VFMADD 764:VFMADD 747:VFMADD 730:VFMADD 713:VFMADD 693:VFMADD 676:VFMADD 651:VFMADD 542:Double 533:32 bit 527:Single 317:SUBADD 270:ADDSUB 213:Intel 3000:AMD-V 2921:CLMUL 2880:Thumb 2836:AVX10 2774:SSSE3 2714:SPARC 2634:Alpha 2424:MMC-2 2419:MMC-1 2373:Curie 2303:Intel 2099:Horus 2025:AGESA 1736:(PDF) 1713:. AMD 1711:(PDF) 1688:. AMD 1686:(PDF) 1635:Intel 1611:Intel 1607:(PDF) 1478:(PDF) 1457:(PDF) 1368:(PDF) 1230:Zen 2 1215:CPUID 1211:Ryzen 1144:Intel 516:size 83:Intel 69:Zen 1 3006:VT-d 2994:VT-x 2818:AVX2 2800:F16C 2786:SSE5 2780:SSE4 2768:SSE3 2762:SSE2 2731:SIMD 2668:MDMX 2663:MIPS 2651:NEON 2625:RISC 2621:SIMD 2455:vPro 2445:CNVi 2343:CULV 2328:Viiv 2251:SSE5 2239:BMI1 2222:FMA3 2217:FMA4 2164:XDNA 2149:ASTC 2068:ROCm 1970:LLVM 1899:link 1821:link 1744:2013 1719:2012 1694:2013 1348:link 1334:2011 1300:FASM 1294:NASM 1276:LLVM 1228:AMD 1173:AMD 1135:SSE5 997:AMD 531:00× 505:size 353:Note 223:and 201:APUs 190:AMD 172:See 149:and 112:SIMD 89:and 75:FMA3 57:FMA4 30:The 18:FMA4 2976:ASF 2970:TSX 2951:TDX 2945:SGX 2939:MPX 2933:SHA 2890:RVC 2861:ADX 2855:BMI 2830:AMX 2812:FMA 2806:XOP 2794:AVX 2756:SSE 2744:MMX 2735:x86 2719:VIS 2707:VMX 2695:MAX 2678:MXU 2656:SVE 2646:ARM 2639:MVI 2378:Evo 2358:NUC 2333:MID 2261:AES 2256:ASF 2244:TBM 2234:ABM 2229:BMI 2212:FMA 2202:XOP 2197:AVX 2010:AMD 1579:AMD 1482:AMD 1461:AMD 1246:GCC 1152:VEX 1148:AVX 1131:AMD 1030:Zen 977:SS 975:231 960:SD 958:231 941:231 921:231 904:231 879:231 864:SS 862:213 847:SD 845:213 828:213 808:213 791:213 766:213 751:SS 749:132 734:SD 732:132 715:132 695:132 678:132 653:132 546:0× 467:231 442:213 417:132 385:SUB 366:ADD 340:SUB 315:VFM 306:SUB 304:VFM 293:ADD 268:VFM 259:ADD 257:VFM 165:or 61:AMD 40:x86 3035:: 1968:. 1895:}} 1891:{{ 1883:. 1871:^ 1817:}} 1813:{{ 1674:^ 1633:. 1609:. 1577:. 1504:^ 1480:. 1459:. 1356:^ 1344:}} 1340:{{ 1324:. 943:PS 923:PD 906:PS 881:PD 830:PS 810:PD 793:PS 768:PD 717:PS 697:PD 680:PS 655:PD 379:VF 360:VF 334:VF 287:VF 161:, 145:, 141:, 126:+ 122:· 3021:. 2737:) 2733:( 2627:) 2623:( 2602:e 2595:t 2588:v 2295:e 2288:t 2281:v 2002:e 1995:t 1988:v 1954:. 1940:. 1901:) 1865:. 1844:. 1823:) 1809:. 1788:. 1767:. 1746:. 1721:. 1696:. 1668:. 1643:. 1619:. 1592:. 1563:. 1549:. 1535:. 1521:. 1442:. 1422:. 1402:. 1376:. 1350:) 1336:. 945:x 925:x 908:y 883:y 832:x 812:x 795:y 770:y 719:x 699:x 682:y 657:y 617:z 615:D 613:P 607:z 605:S 603:P 595:y 593:D 591:P 586:0 582:y 580:S 578:P 570:x 568:D 566:P 561:0 557:x 555:S 553:P 538:D 536:S 523:S 521:S 510:2 499:2 483:a 477:c 458:a 452:c 433:a 427:c 399:1 383:M 381:N 376:. 364:M 362:N 338:M 336:N 291:M 289:N 167:c 163:b 159:a 155:d 151:d 147:c 143:b 139:a 128:c 124:b 120:a 116:d 71:. 20:)

Index

FMA4
Streaming SIMD Extensions
x86
microprocessor
instruction set
fused multiply–add
AMD
Bulldozer
Zen 1
Piledriver
Intel
Haswell processors
Broadwell processors
fused multiply–add
floating-point
SIMD
rounding
XOP instruction set
Piledriver
APUs
Haswell
Pentiums
Celerons
Bulldozer-based
Piledriver-based
Steamroller-based
Excavator-based
Zen
AMD
SSE5

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.