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141:
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418:
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578:
24:
691:
By various measures, such as dropped-weight impact, friction force, temperature of ignition, and response to heating under confinement, it is less sensitive than the benchmark explosive RDX, while having performance slightly greater than the same. Its explosive properties appear extremely favorable;
850:
723:
AB of Sweden, having been made in batches up to 7kg in 2001. In laboratory-scale synthesis, material costs were calculated at ~AU$ 3000/kg (prices in 2002 AUD) using prices from research chemical suppliers. At that time, FOX-7 could be purchased from NEXPLO Bofors AB at SEK3200/kg. Due to its
1129:
Evers, Jürgen; Klapötke, Thomas M.; Mayer, Peter; Oehlinger, Gilbert; Welch, Jan (2006). "Α- and β-FOX-7, Polymorphs of a High Energy
Density Material, Studied by X-ray Single Crystal and Powder Investigations in the Temperature Range from 200 to 423 K".
1080:, Nikolai Latypov; Ulf Wellmar & Abraham Langlet, "Chemical compound suitable for use as an explosive, intermediate and method for preparing the compound", issued 2001-11-06, assigned to Swedish Defence Research Agency
679:
groups have similar effects in both cases according to published reports on the sensitivity and chemical decay processes of FOX-7. FOX-7 is stoichiometrically identical (but structurally unrelated) to the explosives and propellants
716:-coated FOX-7 granules pressed into pellets of 92% theoretical maximum density were found to have a detonation velocity of 7730 m/s, compared to 7630 m/s for a similar RDX/EVA composition, and 5% greater detonation pressure.
431:
393:
739:, and 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105). Due to the need for less sensitive munitions, FOX-7 is being investigated at many military research centers, including in Australia, India, the USA, and Sweden.
765:
Anniyappan, M.; Talawar, M.B.; Gore, G.M.; Venugopalan, S.; Gandhe, B.R. (2006). "Synthesis, characterization and thermolysis of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) and its salts".
848:, Nikolai Latypov; Ulf Wellmar & Abraham Langlet, "Method of preparing salts of dinitromethane", issued 2002-01-22, assigned to Swedish Defence Research Agency
591:
1019:
989:
724:
small-scale production, the cost of FOX-7 is relatively high. However, the production is based on commercial starting material and the synthesis is uncomplicated.
98:
1100:
Sorescu, Dan C.; Boatz, Jerry A.; Thompson, Donald L. (2001). "Classical and
Quantum-Mechanical Studies of Crystalline FOX-7 (1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene)".
273:
625:
960:
Latypov, Nikolai V.; Bergman, Jan; Langlet, Abraham; Wellmar, Ulf; Bemm, Ulf (1998). "Synthesis and reactions of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene".
473:
912:
727:
FOX-7 is an attractive subject for research and development due to its combination of insensitivity and power. FOX-7 performs similarly to
731:, one of the most powerful explosives and propellants in use, unlike other insensitive high explosives under investigation, such as TATB,
248:
863:
Bemm, U.; Östmark, H. (1998) "1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene: a Novel
Energetic Material with Infinite Layers in Two Dimensions".
821:
1055:. 32nd International Conference of ICT. Karlsruhe, Germany: Fraunhofer-Institut für Chemische Technologie. pp. 26-1–26-21.
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820:(Technical report). Fisherman's Bend, Victoria, Australia: Defense Science & Technology Organization. DSTO-TR-1238.
467:
191:
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212:
422:
933:
Hervé, Grégoire; Jacob, Guy; Latypov, Nikolaj (2005). "The reactivity of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7)".
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36:
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709:
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64:
481:
692:
in addition to its insensitive properties, the detonation velocity of mixtures of 80% FOX-7 plus
525:
1147:
908:
782:
693:
688:, and therefore produces the same quantity of gas per gram, a key determinant of performance.
489:
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Emerging
Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Physicochemical, and Detonation Properties
493:
180:
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Detonation and
Sensitivity Properties of FOX-7 and Formulations Containing FOX-7
904:
664:
451:
946:
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875:
323:
109:
529:
1151:
1047:
Ostmark, Henric; Bergman, Helena; Bemm, Ulf; Goede, Patrick (6 July 2001).
786:
1053:
2, 2-dinitro-ethene-1, 1-diamine(FOX-7)- Properties, analysis and scale-up
1009:
Sleadd, Bradley A.; Boruta, David T.; Clubb, Joseph W. (24 April 2018).
668:
656:
341:
167:
149:
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1121:
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
477:
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373:
891:
Viswanath, Dabir S.; Ghosh, Tushar K.; Boddu, Veera M. (2018),
562:
8335 m/s at density 1.756 g cm (measured, small-scale testing)
521:
455:
23:
728:
705:
685:
681:
645:
641:
1018:(Technical report). National Defense Industrial Association.
509:
217:
1049:"Energetic Materials: Ignition, Combustion and Detonation"
1012:
Development of a CONUS manufacturing capability for FOX-7
628:(FOS). The name FOX-7 is derived from the acronym of the
586:
651:
FOX-7 is similar to the insensitive chemical compound
899:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 101–139,
624:compound. It was first synthesized in 1998 by the
667:. FOX-7 has a two-carbon backbone rather than a
179:
73:
996:, Karlsson et al., 2002, accessed Aug 25, 2005
257:InChI=1S/C2H4N4O4/c3-1(4)2(5(7)8)6(9)10/h3-4H2
8:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
626:Swedish National Defence Research Institute
560:8870 m/s at density 1.885 g cm (estimated)
372:Soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as
232:
139:
117:
15:
893:"FOX-7 (1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethylene)"
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
199:
719:FOX-7 is produced as of 2018 by EURENCO
748:
712:of 8,870 m/s. Charges composed of
356:238 °C (460 °F; 511 K) (
278:
253:
228:
708:. FOX-7 has been calculated to have a
130:
1042:
1040:
630:Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI)
260:Key: FUHQFAMVYDIUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
7:
1025:from the original on 25 January 2021
1004:
1002:
886:
884:
1102:The Journal of Physical Chemistry A
814:FOX-7 - A New Insensitive Explosive
170:
14:
811:Ian J., Lochert (November 2001).
336:Bright yellow crystalline powder
640:to indicate an explosive, as in
576:
421:
416:
411:
22:
1059:from the original on 2021-01-25
827:from the original on 2021-01-25
615:1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene
572:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
767:Journal of Hazardous Materials
700:, and nearly pure FOX-7 based
1:
974:10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00673-5
779:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.03.034
41:2,2-Dinitroethene-1,1-diamine
382:N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)
905:10.1007/978-94-024-1201-7_3
378:N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)
1200:
622:insensitive high explosive
947:10.1016/j.tet.2005.05.010
876:10.1107/S0108270198007987
704:are slightly superior to
702:plastic bonded explosives
659:ring compound with three
566:
539:
392:
387:
374:dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
289:
269:
244:
57:
47:
35:
30:
21:
468:Precautionary statements
1078:US patent 6312538
846:US patent 6340780
546:Friction sensitivity
328:148.08
37:Preferred IUPAC name
1169:Explosive chemicals
1132:Inorganic Chemistry
1114:2001JPCA..105.5010S
968:(38): 11525–11536.
710:detonation velocity
556:Detonation velocity
367:Solubility in water
281:N/C(N)=C(()=O)\()=O
18:
1184:Swedish inventions
992:2005-05-22 at the
599:Infobox references
16:
1144:10.1021/ic052150m
1138:(13): 4996–5007.
1122:10.1021/jp010289m
914:978-94-024-1199-7
607:Chemical compound
605:
604:
446:Hazard statements
213:CompTox Dashboard
99:Interactive image
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1094:Further reading
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733:nitrotriazolone
636:replaced by an
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540:Explosive data
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870:: 1997-1999.
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698:Composition B
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655:, which is a
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352:Melting point
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131:ECHA InfoCard
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1179:Nitroethenes
1135:
1131:
1108:(20): 5010.
1105:
1101:
1072:
1061:. Retrieved
1052:
1027:. Retrieved
1011:
982:
965:
961:
955:
941:(28): 6743.
938:
934:
928:
918:, retrieved
896:
867:
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859:
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829:. Retrieved
813:
773:(2): 812–9.
770:
766:
726:
718:
690:
665:nitro groups
650:
637:
633:
617:
614:
610:
609:
437:
394:
58:Identifiers
48:Other names
962:Tetrahedron
935:Tetrahedron
632:, with the
432:Signal word
346:1.885 g cm
333:Appearance
290:Properties
137:100.130.630
75:145250-81-3
1163:Categories
1063:2021-01-25
1029:25 January
920:2021-01-25
865:Acta Cryst
831:2021-01-25
743:References
663:and three
406:Pictograms
358:decomposes
324:Molar mass
201:3B2KYV7C3F
110:ChemSpider
86:3D model (
65:CAS Number
550:>350N
518:P370+P380
514:P370+P378
506:P301+P312
397:labelling
158:604-466-1
150:EC Number
1152:16780321
1057:Archived
1020:Archived
990:Archived
822:Archived
787:16701943
388:Hazards
1110:Bibcode
694:binders
669:benzene
657:benzene
618:(DADNE)
592:what is
590: (
342:Density
318:
168:PubChem
1174:Amines
1150:
1084:
911:
852:
785:
721:Bofors
620:is an
587:verify
584:
438:Danger
380:, and
274:SMILES
181:536770
119:467536
31:Names
17:FOX-7
1023:(PDF)
1016:(PDF)
825:(PDF)
818:(PDF)
677:nitro
673:amino
661:amino
611:FOX-7
249:InChI
88:JSmol
50:FOX-7
1148:PMID
1031:2021
909:ISBN
783:PMID
684:and
675:and
653:TATB
644:and
534:P501
530:P401
526:P373
522:P372
510:P330
502:P280
498:P270
494:P264
490:P250
486:P241
482:P240
478:P230
474:P210
460:H302
456:H228
452:H201
192:UNII
52:FOX7
1140:doi
1118:doi
1106:105
970:doi
943:doi
901:doi
872:doi
868:C54
775:doi
771:137
737:TEX
729:RDX
714:EVA
706:RDX
686:HMX
682:RDX
646:HMX
642:RDX
613:or
395:GHS
218:EPA
171:CID
1165::
1146:.
1136:45
1134:.
1116:.
1104:.
1051:.
1039:^
1001:^
966:54
964:.
939:61
937:.
907:,
895:,
883:^
795:^
781:.
769:.
751:^
735:,
648:.
532:,
528:,
524:,
520:,
516:,
512:,
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496:,
492:,
488:,
484:,
480:,
476:,
458:,
454:,
399::
376:,
360:)
1154:.
1142::
1124:.
1120::
1112::
1066:.
1033:.
976:.
972::
949:.
945::
903::
878:.
874::
834:.
789:.
777::
638:X
634:I
582:Y
316:4
314:O
312:4
310:N
308:4
306:H
304:2
302:C
220:)
216:(
90:)
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