538:
593:), the vast and well-armed and well-equipped intelligence department of the Philippines, sending government agents to search for anti-Marcos critics. It placed spies in all government and private entities. In effect, NISA acted as secret police force of the Marcos regime. And since NISA was under the direct control of the Office of the President, Ver directly reported to Marcos. And under the 1978 National Security Code, NISA also was given functional supervision and control over the Intelligence Service of the AFP or ISAFP, thus its chief also reported to Ver directly, thus widening his powers in the military gaining full suzerainty of the ISAFP to further NISA's functions. In a 1997 documentary, General
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619:. In fact, his three sons, who followed his footsteps also saw stellar careers. His eldest son, Irwin was rapidly promoted to colonel and named chief of staff of the Presidential Security Command. His other son, Rexor was the chief of the close- in security of Marcos and his youngest son, Wyrlo, was the commander of the Armored Unit of Malacanang Palace. Irwin Ver graduated no. 1 in the Philippine Military Academy in 1970. During Ver's term as AFP chief of staff, he was biased in favor of the military officers that came from ROTC program by giving them incentives and named them to key important posts in the military, thus, this made the military officers who graduated from the
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635:, & Eduardo "Red" Kapunan who all graduated in the academy in 1971. He also extended schooling privileges to his relatives, friends in the military especially the graduates of professional military schools that were close to him, to the Marcoses, including those who paid homage to him and filled the high posts in the military with Ilocano ROTC-trained military officers. This led to the era of favoritism and Ilocanization in the AFP. General
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and then
Captain Proceso Maligalig as a result of this. The RAMboys, as they were known in the Philippines, played a key role in Marcos' overthrow. As the Marcos regime grew unpopular during these years, Marcos would be in and out of office due to kidney ailments. Political mismanagement ensued,
589:, then known as the Presidential Security Command or PSC that was tasked to secure Marcos and his family. When he was due for retirement in 1976, Marcos extended his term indefinitely. He also headed the then National Intelligence and Security Authority or NISA (now the
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in his autobiography as a man of Marcos through and through. He could not and would not say no to Marcos and would blindly carry out the wishes and orders of Marcos without question. Thus, he became the most loyal officer to Marcos and upon the latter's election as
612:. Thus, Ver became the most powerful officer in the military, as he headed now three institutions: the entire AFP, the PSC and NISA. Police officials, military men, businessmen, politicians, bureaucrats and other prominent figures kowtowed to him.
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broke out. During a television conference, Ver insistently advised Marcos to give him orders to fire on the swelling number of protesters, but Marcos refused to and gave the order to disperse the crowd without shooting.
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and was an alumnus of its reserve program. He also joined the UP Vanguard in 1941. However, the outbreak of World War II disrupted his studies. After the war, he resumed his studies at the
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As such, Ver replaced Enrile as the second most-powerful high government official in the country, the status which the latter held during martial law when he was tasked to administer it.
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Ver also instituted, along with Marcos, the extension of services in the military of those military officers loyal to them, who overreached their retirement age.
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as
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Ver kept aging officers loyal to himself and also to Marcos on the armed forces, thus making young officers disgruntled. The
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where he joined his younger children. He was not allowed to return to the country during the administration of
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where he graduated with a degree in police administration in 1963. He also undertook training in Hawaii and with the
486:; January 20, 1920 – November 21, 1998) was a Filipino military officer who served as the Commanding Officer of the
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He became further fiercely loyal to Marcos, who rewarded him by appointing him as the commanding general of the
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in 1965, he became part of the latter's inner circle. Ver then worked his way up through the military ranks.
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Fabian Ver was born on
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Following the
Revolution, Ver and his family along with the Marcoses were exiled to
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1185:. University of the Philippines - Reserve Officers' Training Corps. Archived from
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Ver was well-feared due to his direct access to Marcos as well as then First Lady
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culminating with the 1983 assassination of popular opposition leader and senator
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The
Filipino Express, 12-13-1998 - Family feud: Quarrel avoided over Ver remains
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The
Filipino Express, 10-27-1994 - Graft cases brought against Ver and Ongpin
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Martial law was lifted in 1981, and Ver was appointed Chief of Staff of the
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On
November 21, 1998, Ver died of pulmonary complications in a hospital in
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Movement of
Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity and Nationalism, Inc.
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on
February 7, 1986, Marcos announced that he was replacing Ver with
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Others who withdrew support during the People Power revolution
672:(RAM) was formed by these young officers, led by then Colonel
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As Marcos disregarded the authority of then Defense Minister
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Ver was played by Mervyn Samson in the 1988 television film
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group of people privy to the inner workings of Martial Law.
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Ver was the most trusted military officer of then President
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The Filipino Express, 08-27-1998 - Let Ver come home - Erap
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Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship
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Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship
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where he obtained a Bachelor of Law degree and later the
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The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
1378:. The Filipino Express. December 6, 1998. Archived from
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After the tumultuous snap elections of 1986, the First
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resentful, with some officers forming a faction called
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A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution
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Chiefs of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
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The Philippines was a unincorporated territory of the
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A portrait of General Fabian Ver at the AFP Museum in
3960:
Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years
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upon his return from exile in the United States. The
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Disaster Relief and Rehabilitation Operations Ribbon
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Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
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Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3615:Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties
3247:Resistance during the Marcos administration years
1326:. Philippine Headline News Online. Archived from
1295:"Son asked General Ver: Dad, did you kill Ninoy?"
4334:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
2222:Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal
1067:"Gen. Fabian Ver: Philippine Armed Forces Chief"
137: and the surname or paternal family name is
4409:Heads of government agencies of the Philippines
1210:"Rebels, Marcos Contest Control of Philippines"
1117:"Marcos inducted into UP Vanguard Hall of Fame"
484:Fabian Maria Trinidad Juan Cirilo Crisologo Ver
338:Fabian Maria Trinidad Juan Cirilo Crisologo Ver
3989:Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan
3600:Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan
716:Philippine Republic Presidential Unit Citation
1874:
1435:
562:Ver was described by former Defense Minister
186:December 2, 1985 – February 25, 1986
8:
697:due to his alleged ties with Ninoy Aquino's
664:Aquino assassination and acquittal by Marcos
174:Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
4424:Filipino military personnel of World War II
4195:Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin
1167:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4384:Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs (Philippines)
4043:
3892:Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree
3836:
3820:Presidential Commission on Good Government
3731:
3651:United Nationalist Democratic Organization
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2217:Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family
2054:Construction of "edifice complex" projects
1881:
1867:
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1420:
914:but faced lawsuits that linked him to the
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4414:Ferdinand Marcos administration personnel
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1315:
1061:
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974:National Intelligence Coordinating Agency
701:, although he tacitly kept Ver in power.
591:National Intelligence Coordinating Agency
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
4258:Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?
1324:"Newsflash !!! General Ver is Dead"
1240:. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.
227:National Intelligence Security Authority
3625:Task Force Detainees of the Philippines
2202:Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family
2104:Timeline of the People Power Revolution
1234:Alejandrino, Jose (November 24, 2015).
1208:Branigin, William (February 24, 1986).
1024:
996:
985:University of the Philippines ROTC Unit
929:, two months before his 79th Birthday.
910:. He returned during the presidency of
827:Mindanao Anti-Dissidence Campaign Medal
4329:Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality
1269:"The Fall of the Dictatorship | GOVPH"
1160:
1092:"The Fall of the Dictatorship | GOVPH"
653:in the 1980s, he changed the military
4419:People of the People Power Revolution
3810:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
1351:"LOOK BACK: The Aquino assassination"
1322:Vanzi, Sol Jose (November 21, 1998).
1032:
1030:
1028:
886:, Ver left the United States using a
555:The Philippine Constabulary, now the
7:
3690:Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)
3620:National Movement for Free Elections
819:Luzon Anti-Dissidence Campaign Medal
47:adding citations to reliable sources
3772:Second Great Rectification Movement
3595:Justice for Aquino, Justice for All
1934:Philippines–United States relations
1349:Gavilan, Jodesz (August 20, 2016).
3580:Concerned Women of the Philippines
2684:Jose Benedicto Luis "J.B.L." Reyes
1890:Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
1293:Lirio, Gerry (February 24, 2014).
604:over a cousin, then Major-General
14:
4429:Philippine Constabulary personnel
4292:: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story
1376:"Marcos Ally Ver Dies In Bangkok"
4399:People convicted of racketeering
3287:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
2482:Lorenzo M. "Ka Tanny" Tañada Sr.
2169:Murder of Juan "Johnny" Escandor
2049:1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid
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848:
838:
830:
822:
814:
801:
791:
781:
771:
760:
749:
738:
728:
720:
710:
670:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
625:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
438:
403:
239:1976 – October 24, 1984
156:
23:
4404:University of Louisville alumni
3610:Movement for a Free Philippines
3560:Alliance of Makati Associations
2596:Ribomapil "Dodong" Holganza Sr.
2342:Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.
2291:Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.
2016:Human rights in the Philippines
1986:1969 balance of payments crisis
1455:Armed Forces of the Philippines
970:/ Presidential Security Command
602:Armed Forces of the Philippines
488:Armed Forces of the Philippines
454:Armed Forces of the Philippines
34:needs additional citations for
4139:Evolution of a Filipino Family
3994:Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!
3304:Col. Eduardo "Red" Kapunan Jr.
2857:Academics and cultural workers
2561:Margarita "Tingting" Cojuangco
1919:Martial law in the Philippines
844:Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal
811:Anti-dissidence Campaign Medal
1:
3344:Commodore Tagumpay Jardiniano
2079:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
2069:Beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz
1506:Philippine Commonwealth Army
1465:Philippine Revolutionary Army
918:and fall guy Rolando Galman.
916:assassination of Ninoy Aquino
641:University of the Philippines
533:Military and political career
527:Los Angeles Police Department
515:University of the Philippines
276:Presidential Security Command
3953:Some Are Smarter Than Others
3642:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino
2664:Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr.
2149:Murder of Archimedes Trajano
1800:Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs
1451:Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs
1237:Journal of an Unknown Knight
1142:April 2020, Aldwin Galapon.
884:federal racketeering charges
787:Military Commendation Medals
569:President of the Philippines
4389:University of Manila alumni
3864:Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo
3585:Free Legal Assistance Group
2721:Religious sector opposition
2556:Jose "Peping" Cojuangco Jr.
2530:Political sector opposition
2472:Jovito R. "Ka Jovy" Salonga
1011:at the time of Ver's birth.
968:Presidential Security Group
890:passport, and transited to
807:Philippine Liberation Medal
734:Presidential Medal of Merit
621:Philippine Military Academy
587:Presidential Security Group
162:Fabian Ver on April 2, 1982
4445:
3815:Philippine National Police
3805:Commission on Human Rights
3777:Burial of Ferdinand Marcos
3575:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
3570:August Twenty One Movement
2488:Business sector opposition
2447:Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.
2357:Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez
2347:MarĂa Imelda "Imee" Marcos
2237:Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
1903:Batas Militar sa Pilipinas
1462:Commanding Generals of the
854:World War II Victory Medal
755:Distinguished Service Star
744:Distinguished Conduct Star
705:Awards in military service
557:Philippine National Police
120:
4359:Philippine Army personnel
4181:The Last Journey of Ninoy
3762:Anti-Aquino coup attempts
3300:Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan
2990:Gaston Z. "Gasty" Ortigas
2644:Sergio "Serge" Osmeña III
2154:Murder of Macli-ing Dulag
2064:Interim Batasang Pambansa
1900:
1849:
1492:
725:Martial Law Unit Citation
473:
324:
281:
232:
179:
167:
155:
4369:People from Ilocos Norte
3967:Waltzing with a Dictator
2504:Eugenio "Geny" Lopez Jr.
2467:Gerardo M. "Gerry" Roxas
2462:Salvador H. "Doy" Laurel
2457:José W. "Ka Pepe" Diokno
2452:Corazon C. "Cory" Aquino
797:Philippine Defense Medal
523:University of Louisville
498:Early life and education
4047:Monuments and memorials
3984:Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
3905:during the dictatorship
2810:The Magnificent Seven (
2679:Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo
2541:Ceferino "Joker" Arroyo
2499:Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.
2366:Florentino Sanico Solon
1894:People Power Revolution
1183:"General Fabian C. Ver"
1144:"General Fabian C. Ver"
689:. After the tumultuous
610:Philippine Constabulary
421:Philippine Constabulary
4394:20th-century criminals
4064:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
3590:Gabriela Women's Party
3443:Letty Jimenez Magsanoc
3347:Col. Charles Hotchkiss
3181:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
2942:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
2922:Gilda Cordero Fernando
2850:Academic and cultural
2494:Jose S. Concepcion Jr.
2174:Murder of Alex Orcullo
2164:Bacong Bridge massacre
1504:Chief of Staff of the
545:
4054:People Power Monument
3478:Joaquin "Chino" Roces
3196:Felixberto Olalia Sr.
3083:Abraham Sarmiento Jr.
2977:Francisco Nemenzo Jr.
2694:Abraham Sarmiento Sr.
2591:Teofisto Guingona Jr.
2442:Agapito "Butz" Aquino
2431:Mainstream opposition
2337:Antonio Floirendo Sr.
2039:Proclamation No. 1081
2006:Plaza Miranda bombing
1929:Conjugal dictatorship
777:Military Merit Medals
540:
427:Years of service
3565:Anti-Bases Coalition
3555:Political coalitions
3463:Antonio "Tony" Nieva
3127:Left-wing opposition
2827:Julio Xavier Labayen
2362:Ignacio Santiago Sr.
2011:Filipino nationalism
1954:Communist insurgency
1939:American imperialism
1038:"A Filipino on Spot"
866:Later life and death
519:University of Manila
480:Fabian Crisologo Ver
468:Hukbalahap Rebellion
225:Director-General of
150:Fabian Crisologo Ver
43:improve this article
4320:Disinformation and
4251:Season of the Devil
4153:From What Is Before
3914:Iginuhit ng Tadhana
3505:Stephen W. Bosworth
3428:Inday Espina-Varona
3350:Col. Antonio Sotelo
3098:Southern Tagalog 10
3068:Tish Pascual-Ladlad
2674:Soledad Roa Duterte
2654:Cecilia Muñoz-Palma
2389:Cabinet Technocrats
2332:Manuel Elizalde Jr.
2317:Macario Asistio Jr.
2232:Golden Buddha theft
2227:Coco Levy Fund scam
2134:Political detainees
2124:Human rights abuses
1991:First Quarter Storm
608:, the chief of the
4209:Martyr or Murderer
4202:Maid in Malacañang
3878:Saranggola ni Pepe
3747:Operation Big Bird
3499:interested parties
3453:Teodoro Locsin Sr.
3448:Jose "Pete" Lacaba
3392:Ronnie Nathanielsz
3387:Jose "Joe" Guevara
3215:Crispin Tagamolila
3093:Archimedes Trajano
3088:Antonio Tagamolila
2967:Bienvenido Lumbera
2917:Renato Constantino
2867:APO Hiking Society
2796:Mary Christine Tan
2763:Mary John Mananzan
2733:Teodoro Bacani Jr.
2619:Diosdado Macapagal
2571:Hilario Davide Jr.
2566:Roberto Concepcion
2477:Cardinal Jaime Sin
2179:Escalante massacre
2139:Palimbang massacre
2034:1972 Enrile ambush
1148:www.upvanguard.org
1044:. October 25, 1984
1042:The New York Times
1009:Philippine Islands
950:Maid in Malacañang
947:in the 2022 movie
933:In popular culture
894:, then finally to
679:Benigno Aquino Jr.
606:Fidel Valdez Ramos
546:
4364:Filipino generals
4346:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4033:
4032:
3828:
3827:
3798:1987 Constitution
3793:Aquino Presidency
3752:Mendiola massacre
3720:Villamor Air Base
3710:Malacañang Palace
3659:
3658:
3631:Political parties
3438:Betty Go-Belmonte
3361:Benjamin Magalong
3294:Juan Ponce Enrile
3280:Marcos G. Soliman
3260:Bonifacio Gillego
3237:Opposition in the
3006:Student activists
2982:Willie Nepomuceno
2962:Salvador P. Lopez
2907:Benedicto Cabrera
2887:Lualhati Bautista
2852:sector opposition
2783:Miguel Purugganan
2738:Mariani Dimaranan
2704:Claudio Teehankee
2634:Primitivo Mijares
2609:Eva Estrada Kalaw
2514:Alfonso Yuchengco
2322:Roberto Benedicto
2296:Juan Ponce Enrile
2144:Tictapul massacre
2044:1973 Constitution
1856:
1855:
1804:
1544:
1509:
1469:
1247:978-621-01-0084-6
980:Sterling Seagrave
683:Agrava Commission
651:Juan Ponce Enrile
564:Juan Ponce Enrile
513:Ver attended the
477:
476:
365:November 21, 1998
259:Santiago Barangan
129:or maternal
119:
118:
111:
93:
4436:
4290:Maalaala Mo Kaya
4244:Sa Dulo ng Baril
4146:Forbidden Memory
4118:A Dangerous Life
4044:
3903:Political Films
3850:Bagong Pagsilang
3837:
3732:
3510:Henry A. Byroade
3473:Napoleon G. Rama
3382:Adrian Cristobal
3321:Hector Tarrazona
3254:Ramon A. Alcaraz
3206:Jose Maria Sison
3163:Bernabe Buscayno
3107:Gerardo Faustino
3102:Cristina Catalla
3043:Bonifacio Ilagan
2995:Nemesio Prudente
2876:Boboy Garrovillo
2817:Federico Escaler
2812:Francisco Claver
2778:Magnifico Osorio
2714:Calixto Zaldivar
2669:Eduardo Quintero
2649:Ambrosio Padilla
2586:Raul M. Gonzalez
2581:Neptali Gonzales
2519:Quintin Yuyitung
2421:Carlos P. Romulo
2416:Placido Mapa Jr.
2375:Arturo Tolentino
2260:Ferdinand Marcos
2250:
1969:Jabidah massacre
1883:
1876:
1869:
1860:
1802:
1542:
1507:
1498:
1467:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1421:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1189:on March 3, 2016
1179:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1123:. March 14, 2008
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1034:
1012:
1001:
940:A Dangerous Life
861:Gold Wings Badge
852:
842:
834:
826:
818:
805:
795:
785:
775:
764:
753:
742:
732:
724:
714:
674:Gregorio Honasan
655:chain of command
629:Gregorio Honasan
576:Ferdinand Marcos
492:Ferdinand Marcos
490:under President
442:
409:
407:
406:
394:Military service
368:
348:January 20, 1920
347:
345:
329:Personal details
315:
305:
297:Ferdinand Marcos
286:
269:Vicente S. Yumul
266:
256:
248:Ferdinand Marcos
237:
215:
203:
195:Ferdinand Marcos
184:
160:
146:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
16:Filipino general
4444:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4338:
4321:
4315:
4263:
4223:Oras de Peligro
4075:
4039:
4029:
4003:
3972:
3926:
3904:
3897:
3824:
3781:
3723:
3655:
3550:pressure groups
3549:
3543:
3520:George Hamilton
3498:
3492:
3488:Jose Mari Velez
3418:Amando Doronila
3403:Eugenia Apostol
3379:
3365:
3309:Jose T. Almonte
3273:Danilo Vizmanos
3266:Rogelio Morales
3238:
3232:
3158:Crispin Beltran
3122:
3112:Rizalina Ilagan
3073:Nestor Principe
3063:Armando Palabay
3038:Antonio Hilario
3028:Neri Colmenares
3023:Manuel Bautista
3018:Edgar Ang Sinco
2957:Celeste Legaspi
2862:Freddie Aguilar
2859:
2851:
2845:
2832:Orlando Quevedo
2822:Antonio Fortich
2758:Isabelo Magalit
2753:Inocencio Ipong
2728:Zacarias Agatep
2699:Wigberto Tañada
2659:Vicente Paterno
2639:Ramon Mitra Jr.
2425:
2384:
2380:Nicanor Yñiguez
2327:José Yao Campos
2269:
2241:
2207:Marcos mansions
2188:
2129:Torture methods
2115:
2108:
2020:
2001:Diliman Commune
1996:Agrarian reform
1974:Manili massacre
1905:
1896:
1887:
1857:
1852:
1851:— Acting chief.
1845:
1801:
1795:
1541:
1535:
1505:
1499:
1490:
1463:
1457:
1448:
1401:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1330:on July 5, 2010
1321:
1320:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1292:
1291:
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1277:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1214:Washington Post
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1176:
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1141:
1140:
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1115:
1114:
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1100:
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1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1002:
998:
993:
959:
935:
872:EDSA Revolution
868:
707:
666:
535:
500:
466:
404:
402:
370:
366:
349:
343:
341:
340:
339:
319:Voltaire Gazmin
313:
303:
287:
282:
264:
254:
238:
233:
213:
201:
185:
180:
163:
151:
142:
123:Philippine name
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4442:
4440:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4351:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4276:Here Lies Love
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4097:Barber's Tales
4093:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4048:
4041:
4040:historiography
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3917:
3909:
3907:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3845:
3843:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:1987 elections
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3717:
3715:Ortigas Center
3712:
3707:
3702:
3700:Fort Magsaysay
3697:
3695:Fort Bonifacio
3692:
3687:
3682:
3680:Clark Air Base
3677:
3672:
3670:Camp Aguinaldo
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3646:Lakas ng Bayan
3639:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3483:Maximo Soliven
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3355:Rodolfo Biazon
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3340:Fidel V. Ramos
3330:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3296:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3244:
3242:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:Benito Tiamzon
3216:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Rolando Olalia
3198:
3193:
3188:
3186:Filemon Lagman
3183:
3178:
3177:Luis Jalandoni
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:Conrado Balweg
3140:
3138:Lean Alejandro
3135:
3133:Fidel Agcaoili
3130:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3058:Carol Pagaduan
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3013:Lean Alejandro
3002:
3000:Kidlat Tahimik
2997:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2912:Behn Cervantes
2909:
2904:
2899:
2897:Ishmael Bernal
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2773:Pacifico Ortiz
2770:
2768:Violeta Marcos
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2629:Raul Manglapus
2626:
2624:Ernesto Maceda
2621:
2616:
2614:José B. Lingad
2611:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:Marcelo Fernan
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2536:Jacobo Amatong
2527:
2526:
2524:Rizal Yuyitung
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:Armand Fabella
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:Roberto Ongpin
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2099:Snap elections
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2074:1981 elections
2071:
2066:
2061:
2059:1978 elections
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1981:1969 elections
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:1965 elections
1921:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1803:(2020—present)
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
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1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
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1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1459:
1458:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1399:External links
1397:
1394:
1393:
1382:on May 5, 2016
1367:
1341:
1311:
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1260:
1246:
1226:
1200:
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1108:
1083:
1055:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
995:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
982:
977:
971:
965:
958:
955:
934:
931:
912:Joseph Estrada
908:Fidel V. Ramos
904:Corazon Aquino
867:
864:
863:
862:
856:
846:
836:
828:
820:
812:
809:
799:
789:
779:
769:
758:
747:
736:
726:
718:
706:
703:
665:
662:
543:Camp Aguinaldo
534:
531:
499:
496:
475:
474:
471:
470:
461:
457:
456:
451:
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418:
417:Branch/service
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396:
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390:
380:
376:
375:
369:(aged 78)
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176:
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168:
165:
164:
161:
153:
152:
149:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4441:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:distortionism
4318:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4277:
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4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4255:
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4238:
4234:
4232:
4231:
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4210:
4206:
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4199:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4174:The Kingmaker
4171:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4143:
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4136:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4104:Batas Militar
4101:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4070:
4067:
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4023:
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4018:
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4010:
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4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
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3979:
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3969:
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3821:
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3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:UP-DND accord
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Club Filipino
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3637:Liberal Party
3635:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3541:
3540:Ronald Reagan
3538:
3536:
3535:Paul Manafort
3533:
3531:
3530:Richard Lugar
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:Armando Malay
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:Ma Ceres Doyo
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3374:
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3368:
3362:
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3356:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3230:
3229:Antonio Zumel
3227:
3225:
3224:Wilma Tiamzon
3222:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3168:Victor Corpus
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:Lorena Barros
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3117:Jessica Sales
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:Joel Lamangan
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3033:Liliosa Hilao
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:Bibeth Orteza
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Butch Dalisay
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:Noel Cabangon
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2806:Ricardo Vidal
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:Tullio Favali
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2689:Rene Saguisag
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:Vicente Jayme
2604:
2602:
2601:Evelio Javier
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:Cesar Climaco
2549:
2547:
2546:Jejomar Binay
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:Jaime C. Laya
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Onofre Corpuz
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
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2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2265:Imelda Marcos
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Marcos jewels
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2184:Beew massacre
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Daet massacre
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2114:Human rights
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Negros famine
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
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2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:Moro conflict
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
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1227:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1153:September 28,
1149:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1127:September 28,
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1101:September 28,
1097:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1076:September 28,
1072:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1007:known as the
1006:
1005:United States
1000:
997:
990:
986:
983:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
956:
954:
952:
951:
946:
945:Robin Padilla
942:
941:
932:
930:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
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876:
873:
865:
860:
857:
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851:
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837:
833:
829:
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821:
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813:
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804:
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798:
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790:
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784:
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770:
767:
763:
759:
756:
752:
748:
745:
741:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
717:
713:
709:
708:
704:
702:
700:
699:assassination
696:
692:
691:snap election
688:
687:Sandiganbayan
684:
680:
675:
671:
663:
661:
658:
656:
652:
647:
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:Imelda Marcos
613:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
572:
570:
565:
560:
558:
553:
551:
544:
539:
532:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
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497:
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485:
481:
472:
469:
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455:
452:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
419:
415:
412:
401:
397:
392:
389:, Philippines
388:
384:
381:
379:Resting place
377:
373:
364:
360:
357:, Philippines
356:
352:
336:
332:
327:
323:
320:
317:
311:
308:Rafael Zagala
307:
301:
298:
295:
291:
285:
280:
277:
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113:
110:
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91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4308:
4288:
4274:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4111:Citizen Jake
4109:
4102:
4095:
4090:Ako si Ninoy
4088:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3919:
3912:
3786:Institutions
3630:
3629:
3554:
3515:Philip Habib
3468:Alex Orcullo
3433:Chit Estella
3396:
3395:
3376:
3332:
3331:
3315:Victor Batac
3285:
3284:
3245:
3240:Armed Forces
3191:Satur Ocampo
3153:Walden Bello
3078:Susan Quimpo
3048:Edgar Jopson
3004:
3003:
2972:Leah Navarro
2937:Nick Joaquin
2871:Danny Javier
2856:
2840:Jesus Varela
2801:Carlos Tayag
2788:James Reuter
2719:
2718:
2709:Haydee Yorac
2529:
2528:
2509:Jaime Ongpin
2487:
2486:
2436:
2396:Cesar Virata
2310:
2301:Romeo Espino
1902:
1615:
1386:February 26,
1384:. Retrieved
1380:the original
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:
1344:
1334:February 26,
1332:. Retrieved
1328:the original
1302:. Retrieved
1299:ABS-CBN News
1298:
1288:
1278:February 26,
1276:. Retrieved
1272:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1236:
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1213:
1203:
1193:February 26,
1191:. Retrieved
1187:the original
1177:
1151:. Retrieved
1147:
1137:
1125:. Retrieved
1121:ABS-CBN News
1120:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:
1048:February 26,
1046:. Retrieved
1041:
999:
948:
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667:
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648:
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637:Romeo Espino
633:Victor Batac
627:led by Col.
614:
599:
595:Romeo Espino
584:
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561:
554:
550:World War II
547:
512:
508:Ilocos Norte
501:
483:
479:
478:
464:World War II
460:Battles/wars
387:Ilocos Norte
367:(1998-11-21)
355:Ilocos Norte
314:Succeeded by
283:
265:Succeeded by
234:
214:Succeeded by
207:Romeo Espino
181:
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105:
96:
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58:"Fabian Ver"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4379:1998 deaths
4374:1920 births
4268:Other media
4069:individuals
4059:EDSA Shrine
4038:Legacy and
4025:Raised fist
3999:Never again
3525:Paul Laxalt
3408:David Bueno
3371:Journalists
3327:Billy Bibit
3278:Brig. Gen.
3173:Maita Gomez
2892:Lino Brocka
2881:Jim Paredes
2836:Felix Perez
2792:Rudy Romano
2306:Fidel Ramos
2194:Kleptocracy
1964:Sabah claim
1949:Vietnam War
1543:(1946—2020)
1516:Delos Reyes
1508:(1935-1945)
1468:(1897—1901)
695:Fidel Ramos
411:Philippines
304:Preceded by
255:Preceded by
219:Fidel Ramos
202:Preceded by
131:family name
127:middle name
4353:Categories
4125:Dekada '70
4020:Laban sign
3946:Dekada '70
3931:Literature
3675:Camp Crame
3548:Political
3413:Joe Burgos
3397:Opposition
3377:Pro-Marcos
3252:Commodore
3211:Nilo Tayag
2947:Inang Laya
2311:Fabian Ver
1911:Background
1666:Villanueva
1019:References
888:Paraguayan
766:Gold Cross
399:Allegiance
374:, Thailand
344:1920-01-20
274:Commander
69:newspapers
4303:Makinilya
3728:Aftermath
3664:Locations
3497:American
3338:Lt. Gen.
2952:Ricky Lee
2932:The Jerks
2743:Joe Dizon
2370:Lucio Tan
2279:Relatives
1791:F. Santos
1581:A. Santos
1551:Castañeda
1531:Jalandoni
1521:P. Santos
1486:Aguinaldo
882:. Facing
430:1940–1986
293:President
288:1972–1986
284:In office
244:President
235:In office
191:President
182:In office
135:Crisologo
4310:Voltes V
4296:Kalapati
4008:Gestures
3885:Tatsulok
3871:Magkaisa
3857:Bayan Ko
3742:Nepotism
2287:Rolex 12
1944:Cold War
1821:Faustino
1816:Sobejana
1781:Madrigal
1771:Guerrero
1751:Iriberri
1746:Catapang
1741:Bautista
1681:Santiago
1676:Defensor
1656:Nazareno
1626:de Villa
1566:Arellano
1360:July 15,
1253:June 14,
1219:June 14,
1163:cite web
963:Rolex 12
957:See also
927:Thailand
896:Mannheim
580:Rolex 12
450:Commands
121:In this
99:May 2007
4282:musical
3977:Slogans
2437:Leaders
2275:Cronies
1841:Brawner
1836:Centino
1831:Bacarro
1826:Centino
1786:Clement
1756:Miranda
1736:Dellosa
1701:Esperon
1651:Mariano
1646:Acedera
1601:Velasco
1586:Atienza
1476:Ricarte
1453:of the
1355:Rappler
1304:June 7,
943:and by
923:Bangkok
900:Germany
892:Austria
548:During
444:General
372:Bangkok
83:scholar
4167:Katips
4160:Imelda
4132:Eskapo
4015:V sign
3921:Sakada
3735:Events
3705:Hawaii
3307:BGen.
3271:Capt.
3264:Capt.
2253:Regime
2246:People
2116:abuses
2026:Events
1776:Galvez
1761:Visaya
1716:Bangit
1711:Ibrado
1671:Cimatu
1641:Enrile
1636:Abadia
1631:Biazon
1611:Espino
1561:Vargas
1526:Valdes
1244:
976:(NICA)
880:Hawaii
768:Medals
757:Medals
746:Medals
504:Sarrat
482:(born
408:
383:Sarrat
351:Sarrat
125:, the
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4230:Pisay
4188:Liway
4081:Films
3841:Songs
3833:Media
3353:Col.
3325:Col.
3319:Col.
3313:Col.
3298:Col.
3258:Col.
1811:Gapay
1726:David
1721:Ochoa
1696:Senga
1686:Abaya
1661:Reyes
1621:Ramos
1596:Osias
1571:Cabal
1556:Duque
991:Notes
172:18th
90:JSTOR
76:books
3359:Lt.
3275:, PN
3268:, PN
2277:and
1892:and
1731:Oban
1706:Yano
1591:Mata
1576:Cruz
1481:Luna
1388:2016
1362:2021
1336:2016
1306:2021
1280:2022
1255:2021
1242:ISBN
1221:2021
1195:2016
1169:link
1155:2021
1129:2021
1103:2021
1078:2021
1050:2016
906:and
435:Rank
362:Died
334:Born
62:news
1766:Año
1691:Abu
1616:Ver
1606:Yan
1071:UPI
859:PAF
506:in
139:Ver
133:is
45:by
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4294:("
4216:ML
1353:.
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