Fairy - Knowledge (XXG)

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created Universe; but their duties and functions are not ours. They are not spirits of the dead, nor a branch of the human race, nor devils in fair shapes whose chief object is our deception and ruin... They are a quite separate creation living in another mode. They appear to us in human form (with hands, faces, voices and language similar to our own): this may be their real form and their difference reside in something other than form, or it may be (probably is) only the way in which their presence affects us. Rabbits and eagles may be aware of them quite otherwise. For lack of a better word they may be called spirits, daemons: inherent powers of the created world, deriving more directly and 'earlier' (in terrestrial history) from the creating will of God, but nonetheless created, subject to Moral Law, capable of good and evil, and possibly (in this fallen world) actually sometimes evil. They are in fact non-incarnate minds (or souls) of a stature and even nature more near to that of Man (in some cases possibly less, in many maybe greater) than any other rational creatures, known or guessed by us. They can take form at will, or they could do so: they have or had a choice. Thus a tree-fairy (or a dryad) is, or was, a minor spirit in the process of creation who aided as 'agent' in the making effective of the divine Tree-idea or some part of it, or of even of some one particular example: some tree. He is therefore now bound by use and love to Trees (or a tree), immortal while the world (and trees) last—never to escape, until the End. It is a dreadful Doom (to human minds if they are wise) in exchange for a splendid power. What fate awaits him beyond the Confines of the World, we cannot know. It is likely that the Fairy does not know himself. It is possible that nothing awaits him—outside the World and the Cycle of Story and of Time.

1714: 767: 1152:, fairies left in the place of stolen humans. In particular, folklore describes how to prevent the fairies from stealing babies and substituting changelings, and abducting older people as well. The theme of the swapped child is common in medieval literature and reflects concern over infants thought to be afflicted with unexplained diseases, disorders, or developmental disabilities. In pre-industrial Europe, a peasant family's subsistence frequently depended upon the productive labor of each member, and a person who was a permanent drain on the family's scarce resources could pose a threat to the survival of the entire family. 2153: 1242:

Scotland, fairies were often mischievous and to be feared. No one dared to set foot in the mill or kiln at night, as it was known that the fairies brought their corn to be milled after dark. So long as the locals believed this, the miller could sleep secure in the knowledge that his stores were not being robbed. John Fraser, the miller of Whitehill, claimed to have hidden and watched the fairies trying unsuccessfully to work the mill. He said he decided to come out of hiding and help them, upon which one of the fairy women gave him a

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or farms because they heard a complaint, or a compliment. People who saw the fairies were advised not to look closely, because they resented infringements on their privacy. The need to not offend them could lead to problems: one farmer found that fairies threshed his corn, but the threshing continued after all his corn was gone, and he concluded that they were stealing from his neighbors, leaving him the choice between offending them, dangerous in itself, and profiting by the theft.

1590: 1741:, which is set simultaneously in the woodland and in the realm of Fairyland, under the light of the Moon and in which a disturbance of nature caused by a fairy dispute creates tension underlying the plot and informing the actions of the characters. According to Maurice Hunt, Chair of the English Department at Baylor University, the blurring of the identities of fantasy and reality makes possible "that pleasing, narcotic dreaminess associated with the fairies of the play". 1384:'Did you ever see a fairy's funeral, madam?' said Blake to a lady who happened to sit next to him. 'Never, sir!' said the lady. 'I have,' said Blake, 'but not before last night.' And he went on to tell how, in his garden, he had seen 'a procession of creatures of the size and colour of green and grey grasshoppers, bearing a body laid out on a rose-leaf, which they buried with songs, and then disappeared.' They are believed to be an omen of death. 6491: 2148:

difference reside in something other than form, or it may be (probably is) only the way in which their presence affects us. Rabbits and eagles may be aware of them quite otherwise. For lack of a better word they may be called spirits, daemons: inherent powers of the created world, deriving more directly and 'earlier' (in terrestrial history) from the creating will of God, but nonetheless created.

6501: 1944: 1226: 759:. One story described a group of angels revolting, and God ordering the gates of heaven shut; those still in heaven remained angels, those in hell became demons, and those caught in between became fairies. Others wrote that some angels, not being godly enough, yet not evil enough for hell, were thrown out of heaven. This concept may explain the tradition of paying a "teind" or 970: 1365:

she sees where she is; one midwife realizes that she was not attending a great lady in a fine house but her own runaway maid-servant in a wretched cave. She escapes without making her ability known but sooner or later betrays that she can see the fairies. She is invariably blinded in that eye or in both if she used the ointment on both.

1270:", in order to frighten a farmer who pastured his herd on fairy ground, a fairy queen took on the appearance of a great horse, with the wings of an eagle, and a tail like a dragon, hissing loud and spitting fire. Then she would change into a little man lame of a leg, with a bull's head, and a lambent flame playing round it. 592:. A peri was illustrated to be fair, beautiful, and extravagant nature spirits that were supported by wings. This may have influenced migratory Germanic and Eurasian settlers into Europe, or been transmitted during early exchanges. The similarities could also be attributed to a shared Proto-Indo-European mythology. 1181:, baked goods are a traditional offering to the folk, as are cream and butter. "The prototype of food, and therefore a symbol of life, bread was one of the commonest protections against fairies. Before going out into a fairy-haunted place, it was customary to put a piece of dry bread in one's pocket." In 2080:

We indeed also maintain with regard not only to the fruits of the earth, but to every flowing stream and every breath of air that the ground brings forth those things which are said to grow up naturally — that the water springs in fountains, and refreshes the earth with running streams — that the air

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tell of a mortal woman summoned to attend a fairy birth — sometimes attending a mortal, kidnapped woman's childbed. Invariably, the woman is given something for the child's eyes, usually an ointment; through mischance, or sometimes curiosity, she uses it on one or both of her own eyes. At that point,

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Some scholars have cautioned against the overuse of dividing fairies into types. British folklore historian Simon Young noted that classification varies widely from researcher to researcher, and pointed out that it does not necessarily reflect old beliefs, since "those people living hundreds of years

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If Fairies really exist—independently of Men—then very few of our 'Fairy-stories' have any relation to them... They are a quite separate creation living in another mode. They appear to us in human form (with hands, faces, voices and language similar to our own): this may be their real form and their

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or the Good People...are said to be of middle nature between Man and Angel, as were Daemons thought to be of old; of intelligent fluidous Spirits, and light changeable bodies (lyke those called Astral) somewhat of the nature of a condensed cloud, and best seen in twilight. These bodies be so pliable

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Millers were thought by the Scots to be "no canny", owing to their ability to control the forces of nature, such as fire in the kiln, water in the burn, and for being able to set machinery a-whirring. Superstitious communities sometimes believed that the miller must be in league with the fairies. In

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of country for six generations, and that perhaps this was why they saw nymphs in the fountains and dryads in the woods – they were not mistaken for there was in a sense a real (not metaphorical) connection between them and the countryside. What had been earth and air and later corn, and later still

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were known to be driven off by being given clothing, though some folktales recounted that they were offended by the inferior quality of the garments given, and others merely stated it, some even recounting that the brownie was delighted with the gift and left with it. Other brownies left households

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has become a pop culture icon. When Peter Pan is guarding Wendy from pirates, the story says: "After a time he fell asleep, and some unsteady fairies had to climb over him on their way home from an orgy. Any of the other boys obstructing the fairy path at night they would have mischiefed, but they

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are also wise to avoid. Home-owners have knocked corners from houses because the corner blocked the fairy path, and cottages have been built with the front and back doors in line, so that the owners could, in need, leave them both open and let the fairies troop through all night. Locations such as

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observed an equating of fairies with the untimely dead who left "unfinished lives". One tale recounted a man caught by the fairies, who found that whenever he looked steadily at a fairy, it appeared as a dead neighbor of his. This theory was among the more common traditions related, although many

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had likened fairies to butterflies, whose function was to provide an essential link between the energy of the sun and the plants of Earth, describing them as having no clean-cut shape ... small, hazy, and somewhat luminous clouds of colour with a brighter sparkish nucleus. "That growth of a plant

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If Fairies really exist—independently of Men—then very few of our 'Fairy-stories' have any relation to them: as little, or less than our ghost-stories have to the real events that may befall human personality (or form) after death. If Fairies exist they are bound by the Moral Law as is all the

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or other water-spirits, such as two from Zimbabwe, one from South Africa, three from northeastern India, and so on ...are so ingenuous, well-attested, and credible that only a brute would refuse to believe them there is a real moral imperative in not dismissing such tales as lies or

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8.47) as simply "demons ...taking up their abode in springs or rivers or trees or stones and imposing upon simple people by their frauds." While such negative or skeptical ideas remained the majority positions for Christians, some exceptions can be found such as the Scottish minister

1304:" tells how Sir Orfeo's wife was kidnapped by the King of Faerie and only by trickery and an excellent harping ability was he able to win her back. "Sir Degare" narrates the tale of a woman overcome by her fairy lover, who in later versions of the story is unmasked as a mortal. " 980:

There is an outdated theory that fairy folklore evolved from folk memories of a prehistoric race: newcomers superseded a body of earlier human or humanoid peoples, and the memories of this defeated race developed into modern conceptions of fairies. Proponents find support in the

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It is also believed that to know the name of a particular fairy, a person could summon it and force it to do their bidding. The name could be used as an insult towards the fairy in question, but it could also rather contradictorily be used to grant powers and gifts to the user.

1509:, comparable to the fairies or elves. They are variously said to be ancestors, the spirits of nature, or goddesses and gods. A common theme found among the Celtic nations describes a race of people who had been driven out by invading humans. In old Celtic fairy lore the 671:

powers. Diminutive fairies of various kinds have been reported through centuries, ranging from quite tiny to the size of a human. These small sizes could be magically assumed, rather than constant. Some smaller fairies could expand their figures to imitate humans. On

1906:, and was incorporated into his later works about the character. Barrie wrote: "When the first baby laughed for the first time, his laugh broke into a million pieces, and they all went skipping about. That was the beginning of fairies." Fairies are seen in 1197:

from the Unseelie Court, such that fairies use them to protect themselves from more wicked members of their race. Another ambiguous piece of folklore revolves about poultry: a cock's crow drove away fairies, but other tales recount fairies keeping poultry.

1002:", while their green clothing and underground homes spoke to a need for camouflage and covert shelter from hostile humans, their magic a necessary skill for combating those with superior weaponry. In a Victorian tenet of evolution, mythic cannibalism among 1063:(aka elf-locks), stealing small items, and leading a traveler astray. More dangerous behaviors were also attributed to fairies; any form of sudden death might have stemmed from a fairy kidnapping, the evident corpse a magical replica of wood. Consumption ( 746:

elements. Folklorists have suggested that 'fairies' arose from various earlier beliefs, which lost currency with the advent of Christianity. These disparate explanations are not necessarily incompatible, as 'fairies' may be traced to multiple sources.

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as a charm against fairies, viewed as a cultural memory of invaders with iron weapons displacing peoples who had just stone, bone, wood, etc., at their disposal, and were easily defeated. 19th-century archaeologists uncovered underground rooms in the

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were spoken of as having come from islands in the north of the world or, in other sources, from the sky. After being victorious in a series of battles with other otherworldly beings, and then being defeated by the ancestors of the current

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Of course mermaids exist. Or, to be more precise, of course water spirits and magical marine beings of every kind are real and numerous and, in certain circumstances, somewhat dangerous. ...The modern reports of real encounters with

1324:'s underground mansion and returned three centuries later; although only some of his men crumbled to dust on dismounting, Herla and his men who did not dismount were trapped on horseback, this being one account of the origin of the 1176:

or a slice of fresh homemade bread. Bread is associated with the home and the hearth, as well as with industry and the taming of nature, and as such, seems to be disliked by some types of fairies. On the other hand, in much of the

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is kept pure, and supports the life of those who breathe it, only in consequence of the agency and control of certain beings whom we may call invisible husbandmen and guardians; but we deny that those invisible agents are demons.

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was attributed to memories of more savage races, practising alongside "superior" races of more refined sensibilities. The most important modern proponent of the 'hidden people' theory was the Scottish folklorist and antiquarian

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Sometimes fairies are described as assuming the guise of an animal. In Scotland, it was peculiar to the fairy women to assume the shape of deer; while witches became mice, hares, cats, gulls, or black sheep. In "The Legend of

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Bells also have an ambiguous role; while they protect against fairies, the fairies riding on horseback — such as the fairy queen — often have bells on their harness. This may be a distinguishing trait between the

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Most Christians have been negative or skeptical regarding creatures such as fairies or nature spirits, but a minority of Christian thinkers have advocated for the reality of fairies in positive terms. One early example is

3292: 788:, stated the term "faries" referred to illusory spirits (demonic entities) that prophesied to, consorted with, and transported the individuals they served; in medieval times, a witch or sorcerer who had a pact with a 722:', have come to a modern meaning somewhat inclusive of fairies. The Scandinavian elves also served as an influence. Folklorists and mythologists have variously depicted fairies as: the unworthy dead, the children of 646:

cast fairies as part of Ireland's cultural heritage. Carole Silver and others suggested this fascination of English antiquarians arose from a reaction to greater industrialization and loss of older folk ways.

1670:, whose connection to the realm of Faerie is implied in her name, is a woman whose magic powers stem from study. While somewhat diminished with time, fairies never completely vanished from the tradition. 875:, reverence for these deities carried on, but in a dwindling state of perceived power. Many deprecated deities of older folklore and myth were repurposed as fairies in Victorian fiction (See the works of 2175:. Hart was a 2015 Templeton Fellow at the University of Notre Dame Institute for Advanced Study and has published the most on this topic including references in multiple interviews and books, especially 920:

cast as a politic disassociation from faeries although Lewis makes it clear that he himself does not consider fairies to be demons in his chapter on the topic ("The Longaevi" or "long-livers") from

924:. In an era of intellectual and religious upheaval, some Victorian reappraisals of mythology cast deities in general as metaphors for natural events, which was later refuted by other authors (See: 942:

One belief held that fairies were spirits of the dead. This derived from many factors common in various folklore and myths: same or similar tales of both ghosts and fairies; the Irish

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has at times been used as an adjective, with a meaning equivalent to "enchanted" or "magical". It is also used as a name for the place these beings come from, the land of Fairy.

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is harmed not by his stay in Faerie but by his return; when he dismounts, the three centuries that have passed catch up with him, reducing him to an aged man. King Herla (O.E.

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to day) are really artificial beings and have no connection (save in sentiment) with any place on earth. We are synthetic men, uprooted. The strength of the hills is not ours.

1059:, or simply shunning locations "known" to be theirs, ergo avoiding offending any fairies. Less harmful pranks ascribed to fairies include: tangling the hair of sleepers into 2135:

bread, really was in them. We of course who live on a standardised international diet (you may have had Canadian flour, English meat, Scotch oatmeal, African oranges, &

1189:, in 1882, it was reported that: "if an infant is carried out after dark a piece of bread is wrapped in its bib or dress, and this protects it from any witchcraft or evil." 1035:, meaning magical entities who personify a particular force of nature, and exert powers over these forces. Folklore accounts have described fairies as "spirits of the air". 852:

which we regard as the customary and inevitable result of associating the three factors of sun, seed, and soil would never take place if the fairy builders were absent."

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Before the advent of modern medicine, many physiological conditions were untreatable and when children were born with abnormalities, it was common to blame the fairies.

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conflated elves with the fairies of Romance culture, rendering these terms somewhat interchangeable. The modern concept of "fairy" in the narrower sense is unique to

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of legends about fairies is the need to ward off fairies using protective charms. Common examples of such charms include church bells, wearing clothing inside out,

1289:" reveals that the title character, though living among the fairies and having fairy powers, was, in fact, an "earthly knight" and though his life was pleasant 766: 1804:

described these tales as taking place in the land of Faerie. Additionally, not all folktales that feature fairies are generally categorized as fairy tales.

903:, once a friendly household spirit, became classed as a wicked goblin. Dealing with fairies was considered a form of witchcraft, and punished as such. In 222:

creatures with human appearance, magical powers, and a penchant for trickery. At other times it has been used to describe any magical creature, such as

1829:. This era saw an increase in the popularity of collecting fairy folklore and an increase in the creation of original works with fairy characters. In 371:

was used to represent: an illusion or enchantment; the land of the Faes; collectively the inhabitants thereof; an individual such as a fairy knight.

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Take the Fair Face of Woman, and Gently Suspending, With Butterflies, Flowers, and Jewels Attending, Thus Your Fairy is Made of Most Beautiful Things

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are a race of supernaturally-gifted people in Irish mythology. They are thought to represent the main deities of pre-Christian Ireland. Many of the

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included fairies in their first edition but decided this was not authentically German and altered the language in later editions, changing each

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reported hearing of a cottage more feared for its reported fairies than its reported ghost. In particular, digging in fairy hills was unwise.

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were left undisturbed; even cutting brush on fairy forts was reputed to be the death of those who performed the act. Fairy trees, such as

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At the 1:54 mark: Believing in fairies, ...right now, that's got to be part of orthodoxy, that's got to go right into the creed.

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A recorded Christian belief of the 17th century cast all fairies as demons. This perspective grew more popular with the rise of

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and demanded his love; like the fairy bride of ordinary folklore, she imposed a prohibition on him that in time he violated.

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Much folklore of fairies involves methods of protecting oneself from their malice, by means such as cold iron, charms (see

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writes about the possibility of fairies being real in "The Longaevi" (the "Long-livers" or "Long Lived Ones") in his book

1652:. These fairy characters dwindled in number as the medieval era progressed; the figures became wizards and enchantresses. 6426: 2152: 2019: 1737: 908: 4404: 2222: 2037:

created paintings of fairy-folk with a sinister and malign tone. Other Victorian artists who depicted fairies include

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The oldest fairies on record in England were first described by the historian Gervase of Tilbury in the 13th century.

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Tolkien once remarked to me that the feeling about home must have been quite different in the days when a family had

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from disparate sources. Various folk theories about the origins of fairies include casting them as either demoted

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holds to scorn the moralizing fairies of other Victorian works. The period also saw a revival of older themes in

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circles of the 19th century, a belief in the "angelic" nature of fairies was reported. Entities referred to as

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Various folklorists have proposed classification systems for fairies. Using terms popularized by W. B. Yeats,

904: 4211: 6249: 3394: 1984: 926: 5729: 4190: 3095:"'The king o fairy with his rout': Fairy Magic in the Literature of Late Medieval Britain–By Hannah Priest" 2272: 680:. In some folklore, fairies have green eyes. Some depictions of fairies show them with footwear, others as 6416: 4834: 4380: 2042: 2038: 1996: 1835: 1580:

through the sublety of Spirits that agitate them, that they can make them appear or disappear at pleasure

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can be avoided by not following it. Certain locations, known to be haunts of fairies, are to be avoided;

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De Nugis Curiallium by Walter Map, Edited by F. Tupper & M.B Ogle (Chatto & Windus, London 1924)

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A theory that fairies, et al., were intelligent species, distinct from humans and angels. An alchemist,

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Fairy Tales, Now First Collected: To which are prefixed two dissertations: 1. On Pygmies. 2. On Fairies

4247: 2655: 1883:, complaining of "the fairies of polyanthuses and gardenias and apple blossoms" in the introduction to 444:(fay or fairy) as the meaning had shifted slightly to 'fated' from the earlier 'doomed' or 'accursed'. 3094: 1889:(1910), observed that: "These fairies try to be funny, and fail; or they try to preach, and succeed." 6123: 2825: 2067: 2026:, and in some cases, small furniture, dishes, and various other things can be seen beyond the doors. 1885: 1758: 1661: 668: 494: 219: 38: 2022:

are small doors installed into local buildings. Local children believe these are the front doors of

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was a woman skilled in magic, and who knew the power and virtue of words, of stones, and of herbs.

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Tolkien shares more about the possible reality of fairies in a manuscript published posthumously:

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to hell; as fallen angels, although not quite devils, they could be viewed as subjects of Satan.

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have spoken and written about the real existence of fairies as has the Christian philosopher

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Myths and stories about fairies do not have a single origin, but are rather a collection of

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were angelic beings that were mentioned in antiquity in pre-Islamic Persia as early as the

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folklore, the most popular type of fairy protection is bread, varying from stale bread to

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does not derive from a single origin; the term is a conflation of disparate elements from

676:, fairies were described as short in stature, dressed in dark grey, and sometimes seen in 616: 545: 165: 157: 6400: 6168: 5790: 5197: 4485: 1972: 4348:

A Dictionary of Fairies: Hobgoblings, Brownies, Bogies, and other Supernatural Creatures

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was crowned in "the land of the fairy" and taken in his death by four fairy queens, to

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At one time it was thought that fairies were originally worshiped as deities, such as

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sources, influenced by literature and speculation. In folklore of Ireland, the mythic

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Kirk, Robert; Lang, Andrew (28 December 2007). "1. Of the subterranean inhabitants".

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refer to these beings as fairies, though in more ancient times they were regarded as

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included many fairies, they were less common in other countries' tales; indeed, the

1308:" shows Thomas escaping with less difficulty, but he spends seven years in Elfland. 6396: 6333: 5949: 5877: 5862: 5780: 5724: 5400: 5207: 5142: 5107: 5067: 4789: 4759: 4749: 4666: 4651: 4619: 4186: 4153:

At the 2:42 mark: Remind them, and this is absolutely vital, that fairies are real.

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figure, and Isabel must trick and kill him to preserve her life. The child ballad "

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A common feature of the fairies is the use of magic to disguise their appearance.

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who do not live or associate with others of their kind. In this context, the term

584:. Peris were later described in various Persian works in great detail such as the 3685: 2628: 1698:), they were seen as displacing the Classical beings. 15th-century poet and monk 1075:

trees were considered sacred to fairies, and a charm tree to protect one's home.

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The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm

3366:"Protect your property and yourself – make a Parshell – World Cultures European" 2797: 2557: 2523: 2302: 2113: 2012: 1976: 1925: 1880: 1808: 1725: 1703: 1637: 1348: 1206: 1068: 974: 917: 896: 876: 719: 709: 596: 549: 476: 184: 2539: 1676:

is a 14th-century tale, but the Green Knight himself is an otherworldly being.

611:), but also became a generic term for various "enchanted" creatures during the 6153: 5785: 5689: 5649: 5450: 5395: 5368: 5348: 5318: 5303: 5278: 5202: 5117: 5097: 5047: 5002: 4997: 4929: 4894: 4884: 4774: 4697: 4692: 4682: 4624: 4609: 4594: 2440: 2257: 2227: 2131: 2057:

photographs in 1920, and a number of artists turned to painting fairy themes.

1956: 1820: 1771: 1317: 1316:), originally a guise of Woden but later Christianised as a king in a tale by 1225: 1215: 1210: 1149: 1143: 1060: 1020: 888: 628: 312: 284:

also saw fairies established as a canonical part of Celtic cultural heritage.

204: 6092: 3734: 3308:

Young, Simon (May 2013). "Against Taxonomy: The Fairy Families of Cornwall".

1067:) was sometimes blamed on fairies who forced young men and women to dance at 6433: 6298: 5842: 5795: 5739: 5719: 5623: 5603: 5583: 5573: 5475: 5157: 5112: 5052: 5027: 5007: 4899: 4854: 4687: 4507: 3347: 3321: 2448: 2400: 1960: 1921: 1907: 1893: 1641: 1325: 1301: 1282: 1173: 1101:

is usually held in a wider sense, including various similar beings, such as

1032: 995: 949: 900: 825: 808: 693: 689: 585: 448: 301: 6027: 4744: 3537:

Fabulous creatures, mythical monsters, and animal power symbols: a handbook

2802:

The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature

1621:

was used to describe an individual inhabitant of Faerie before the time of

1548: 1488: 2684:

Spenser's Faerie Queene: Observations on the Fairy queen of Spenser. pt. 1

2657:

Spenser's Faerie Queene: Observations on the Fairy queen of Spenser. pt. 1

1160:

In terms of protective charms, wearing clothing inside out, church bells,

17: 6463: 6364: 6234: 6224: 6214: 6204: 6108: 6087: 6072: 6067: 6017: 5964: 5929: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5847: 5837: 5775: 5674: 5664: 5659: 5530: 5521: 5410: 5390: 5288: 5248: 5182: 5072: 5062: 5042: 5037: 5017: 4919: 4889: 4859: 4784: 4769: 4636: 4411:

Hutton, Ronald 'The Making of the Early Modern British Fairy Tradition',

3769:. Easy Reading Series. Aberfoyle, Scotland: Forgotten Books. p. 39. 3294:

British Goblins: Welsh Folk-Lore, Fairy Mythology. Legends and Traditions

2322: 2287: 2187: 1454: 1448:(fairy mounds), where they lived on in popular imagination as "fairies". 1309: 1093:

are those who appear in groups and might form settlements, as opposed to

1048: 681: 589: 260:

In addition to their folkloric origins, fairies were a common feature of

250: 200: 149: 137: 4313:

The Lamp: A Catholic Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Etc.

994:, which lent additional support. In folklore, flint arrowheads from the 969: 6458: 6386: 6381: 6323: 6308: 6259: 6209: 6138: 6133: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6002: 5954: 5810: 5734: 5654: 5628: 5608: 5545: 5540: 5526: 5358: 5333: 5167: 5082: 5012: 4954: 4949: 4849: 4844: 4819: 4809: 4794: 4764: 4599: 4454:

Fairies and Witches at the boundary of south-eastern and central Europe

3048:

Briggs (1976) "Traffic with fairies" and "Trooping fairies" pp. 409–12.

2787:

Briggs (1976), The Fairies in English Tradition and Literature, p. 249.

2207: 1844: 1622: 1516: 1424: 1286: 1186: 999: 730:, a species independent of humans, an older race of humans, and fallen 685: 525: 4534: 4529:

Audio recording of a traditional fairy story from Newfoundland, Canada

52: 6443: 6354: 6328: 6318: 6274: 6244: 6128: 6113: 5992: 5919: 5889: 5884: 5815: 5800: 5749: 5568: 5550: 5445: 5405: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5353: 5313: 5308: 5253: 5217: 5172: 5152: 4987: 4924: 4804: 4729: 4724: 2297: 2267: 2237: 1848: 1707: 1649: 1122: 1044: 987: 913: 804: 677: 673: 498: 432:), which means 'fated to die'. However, this unrelated Germanic word 337: 223: 104: 4115:

Tolkien, J. R. R. (2008). "Manuscript B". In Flieger, Verlyn (ed.).

3709: 1955:

Images of fairies have appeared as illustrations, often in books of

623:, later made diminutive in accordance with prevailing tastes of the 4523:

Audio recording of a Scandinavian folktale explaining fairy origins

4055: 505:, while at other times, the term describes only a specific type of 6448: 6438: 6303: 6291: 6286: 6269: 6219: 6183: 6163: 6148: 6032: 6022: 5959: 5944: 5872: 5827: 5822: 5770: 5704: 5618: 5613: 5593: 5588: 5465: 5425: 5420: 5343: 5328: 5212: 5022: 4904: 4814: 4754: 2292: 2277: 2242: 2232: 2151: 2096:

gives an exclusively negative assessment of these same creatures (

2033:

was particularly noted for fairy paintings. The Victorian painter

1942: 1875:'s keen interest in fairy art and by British illustrator and poet 1867:, and other creatures of the folkloric fairy tradition. Victorian 1864: 1856: 1712: 1691: 1687: 1588: 1344: 1294: 1224: 1072: 1052: 1028: 1024: 968: 953: 868: 816: 812: 765: 760: 756: 731: 727: 667:

Fairies are generally described as human in appearance and having

654: 537: 502: 379: 227: 208: 192: 188: 80: 4394:

Elf Queens and Holy Friars: Fairy Beliefs and the Medieval Church

1534:, 'woman of the fairy mound') is sometimes described as a ghost. 1380:

records that William Blake claimed to have seen a fairy funeral:

397:). In the sense of 'land where fairies dwell', archaic spellings 6239: 6118: 6007: 5867: 5832: 5644: 5480: 3533:"Fabulous creatures, mythical monsters and animal power symbols" 2282: 2252: 2247: 1852: 1807:

The modern depiction of fairies was shaped in the literature of

1340: 1056: 1003: 856: 688:

stems or the backs of birds. Modern illustrations often include

577: 427: 5507: 4710: 4538: 4479:

Strange and Secret Peoples: Fairies and Victorian Consciousness

2712:

Strange and Secret Peoples: Fairies and Victorian Consciousness

1710:, where he lies under a "fairy hill" until he is needed again. 439: 384: 372: 360: 354: 322: 316: 6376: 5077: 4934: 4517: 1860: 1823:

were inspired by folklore which featured fairies, such as the

1686:. In many works of fiction, fairies are freely mixed with the 1428: 1106: 871:

and tree spirits, and with the burgeoning predominance of the

755:

A Christian tenet held that fairies were a class of "demoted"

723: 4170:"The Armstrong Archives: Otherworlds with David Bentley Hart" 3903:

Hunt, Maurice. "Individuation in A Midsummer Night's Dream".

1963:. Some artists known for their depictions of fairies include 1451:

They are associated with several Otherworld realms including

1351:

cakes, or a variety of other comparatively worthless things.

1343:

when paid but soon thereafter revealing itself to be leaves,

1246:(double handful of meal) and told him to put it in his empty 4311:(2020). "Selkies and Nixies: The Penguin Book of Mermaids." 3444:

Meeting The Other Crowd: The Fairy Stories of Hidden Ireland

1892:

A story of the origin of fairies appears in a chapter about

1851:

books, which, while featuring many such classical beings as

1148:

A considerable amount of lore about fairies revolves around

3710:"Poets, Pipes, and Petals: Some Accounts of Fairy Funerals" 1201:

While many fairies will confuse travelers on the path, the

1126:(more beneficently inclined, but still dangerous), and the 1071:

every night, causing them to waste away from lack of rest.

4472:

Troublesome Things: A History of Fairies and Fairy Stories

3869:, Anna Franklin, Sterling Publishing Company, 2004, p. 18. 2481:. Internet Archive. London : Flame Tree. p. 52. 663:

of common modern depiction of a fairy with butterfly wings

433: 4295:

Clark, Stephen R.L. (1987). "How to Believe in Fairies."

411: 27:

Mythical being or legendary creature in European folklore

4425:: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature 3252:

The House of Crom Duv: The Story of the Fairy Rowan Tree

4042:

Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens as well Peter and Wendy

2828:(1988). "Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry". 956:; the dead and fairies depicted as living underground. 253:, fairies were often blamed for sickness, particularly 4396:(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016) 3808:

Briggs (1976). "Fairies in medieval romances". p. 132.

642:

saw a heightened increase of interest in fairies. The

4119:. London, UK: Douglas A. Anderson. pp. 254–255. 3879:

Shakespeare, William (1979). Harold F. Brooks (ed.).

3499:

Briggs (1976) "Infringement of fairy privacy" p. 233.

1574: 1539: 4297:

Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.

3674:, by Rosalind Kerven (2005) Antony Rowe Ltd, p. 532. 1762:. In the mid-17th century the French literary style 1293:, he feared that the fairies would pay him as their 815:, etc., many of which resided inside the Sun (Solar 734:. The folkloristic or mythological elements combine 6409: 6342: 6197: 6101: 5985: 5978: 5912: 5763: 5637: 5561: 5514: 5226: 4980: 4717: 4675: 4582: 4487:

Haunted Greece: Nymphs, Vampires and other Exotika,

4432:

The Banshee: the Irish Supernatural Death Messenger

4266:"...Of Hills, Brooks, Standing Lakes and Groves..." 3766:

The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns and Fairies

2107:

The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns and Fairies

1559:

The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns and Fairies

1368:There have been claims by people in the past, like 516:Explanations for the origins of fairies range from 100: 92: 73: 2579: 2126:within a letter to Arthur Greeves (22 June 1930): 1770:took up the oral tradition of such tales to write 1354:These illusions are also implicit in the tales of 1134:ago did not structure their experience as we do." 603:was used adjectivally, meaning "enchanted" (as in 571: 570:, fairies were adopted from and influenced by the 474: 4191:"Stanton Lecture 8: The Surprise of the Imagined" 3881:The Arden Shakespeare "A Midsummer Night's Dream" 4339:Fairies in Nineteenth-Century Literature and Art 3737:. Gerrards Cross, Colin Smythe Humanities Press 2706: 2704: 2622: 2620: 2122:. Lewis also shared this account of comments by 855:For a similar concept in Persian mythology, see 3597: 3595: 3568:The Fairies in English Tradition and Literature 3044: 3042: 2612:The Fairies in English Tradition and Literature 2343:– Sicilian fairy-like folklore and witch trials 2183: 2145: 2128: 2078: 1694:of classical tradition, while in others (e.g., 1644:'s wife was carried off by the King of Faerie. 1233:Other actions were believed to offend fairies. 3570:. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. p. 71. 2902: 2900: 2830:A Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend, and Folklore 4550: 4341:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001) 3442:Lenihan, Eddie and Green, Carolyn Eve (2004) 2914:. New York: Citadel. pp. 167, 243, 457. 2336: 1505:is the Irish term for a supernatural race in 447:Various folklore traditions refer to fairies 8: 3804: 3802: 2766:"Orkneyjar – Descriptions of the Fairy Folk" 1795: 1785: 1784:('fairy tale'). While the tales told by the 1779: 1763: 1731:Fairies appear as significant characters in 1659: 46: 4090:. Archived from the original on 2006-11-11. 3539:. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 147, 148. 3182:(London: Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co 1893) 2804:. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. 1800:("fairy") to an enchantress or wise woman. 1549: 1529: 1523: 1510: 1499: 1489: 1479: 1468: 1460: 1452: 1443: 1432: 1418: 1408: 1399: 1389: 943: 713: 331: 203:belief systems, as spirits of the dead, as 6500: 5982: 5504: 4707: 4557: 4543: 4535: 3027:Briggs (1976) "Origins of fairies" p. 320. 1929:just tweaked Peter's nose and passed on." 1636:might encounter. A fairy lady appeared to 1442:, they were said to have withdrawn to the 37:"Fay" redirects here. For other uses, see 3939:The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales 2578:(1976). "Euphemistic names for fairies". 2502:Royal Society of British Artists (1869). 2109:in the later seventeenth century (1893). 1833:'s 1906 book of short stories and poems, 152:of multiple European cultures (including 3603:The English and Scottish Popular Ballads 3145: 3143: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2132:fed on the produce of the same few miles 1339:is notoriously unreliable, appearing as 990:that resembled the Elfland described in 4481:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) 4359:, 2nd edition (London: Routledge, 2020) 4357:The Fairies in Tradition and Literature 4149:"Saving Scholé with David Bentley Hart" 3867:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fairies 2467: 1959:, as well as in photographic media and 438:may have been influenced by Old French 4389:(New York: Peacock Press/Bantam, 1978) 4093: 3958:Tolkien, J. R. R. "On Fairy-Stories", 3714:Fairy Investigation Society Newsletter 3698:Briggs (1976) "Fairy ointment" p. 156. 3689:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 126 3508:Briggs (1976) "Fairy morality" p. 115. 3297:. J.R. Osgood and Company. p. 11. 1320:, was said, by Map, to have visited a 819:). The more Earthbound Devas included 566:According to some historians, such as 296:derives from the Early Modern English 218:has at times applied only to specific 45: 6505:List of beings referred to as fairies 4445:The Good People, New Fairylore Essays 3686:The Good People: New Fairylore Essays 3616:"The Child Ballads: 37. Thomas Rymer" 3270:"Mythology and Folklore of the Rowan" 803:were said to guide many processes of 268:, and were especially popular in the 64:(1869). The title of the painting is 7: 4531:(streaming and downloadable formats) 4525:(streaming and downloadable formats) 4315:Issue 2. Assumption 2020. pp. 49-50. 3941:. Princeton University Press. p. 31 3819:"The Origins and History of Fairies" 2586:. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 847:, reported that eminent theosophist 3735:The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries 3521:. Edinburgh, John McDonald. p. 187. 2912:The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries 2528:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 2347:List of fairy and sprite characters 998:were attributed to the fairies as " 770:Title page of a 1603 reprinting of 4373:(Winchester, UK: Moon Books, 2020) 4054:Gates, David (November 29, 1999). 3276:. 20 November 2003. Archived from 3149:Froud, Brian and Lee, Alan (1978) 3001:. Mythencyclopedia.com. 2007-02-19 1680:featured fairies in his 1590 book 961:informants also expressed doubts. 493:is sometimes used to describe any 420:derives, is distinct from English 25: 3258:from the original on Apr 7, 2023. 2987:. London: Hodder & Stoughton. 2963:. August 20, 2004. Archived from 2714:. Oxford University Press. p. 47 2181:. For example, Hart has written: 1847:literature, such as C.S. Lewis's 1718:The Quarrel of Oberon and Titania 1573:These Siths or Fairies they call 1378:Lives of Eminent British Painters 6499: 6490: 6489: 4405:Scottish Fairy Belief: A History 3254:. Internet Sacred Text Archive. 2228:Fairy ring § Cultural references 2076:(8.31) from about the year 248: 4025:Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens 3883:. Methuen & Co. Ltd. cxxv. 3588:. Internet Sacred Text Archive. 3580:Crofton Croker, Thomas (1825). 3481:Briggs (1976) "Brownies" p. 46. 1673:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 1372:, to have seen fairy funerals. 1120:, fairies are divided into the 421: 3582:"The Legend of Knocksheogowna" 3390:and Tatem, Moira (eds) (1989) 1279:Lady Isabel and the Elf-Knight 1168:are regarded as effective. In 845:The Theosophic View of Fairies 792:might receive these services. 68:– from a verse by Charles Ede. 1: 4434:(Dublin, Glendale Press:1986) 4044:, Oxford Press, 1999, p. 132. 3519:The Scottish Miller 1700–1900 3392:A Dictionary of Superstitions 2086: 1967:, Amy Brown, David Delamare, 1604: 1467:('the place of apples'), and 1211:Paths that the fairies travel 6531:European legendary creatures 4151:. Classical Academic Press. 4056:"Nothing Here But Kid Stuff" 4031:, Oxford Press, 1999, p. 32. 3586:Fairy Legends and Traditions 3406:Briggs (1976) "Bells" p. 20. 2020:Fairy Doors of Ann Arbor, MI 1916:, the 1911 novel version of 1871:were popularized in part by 1632:as one of the beings that a 1565:, minister of the Parish of 311:, in turn, derives from the 6536:Fairy tale stock characters 5509:Fairy-like beings worldwide 4456:FFC no 243 (Helsinki, 1989) 4371:A New Dictionary of Fairies 4283:"Why We Believe in Fairies" 4084:"Victorian Fairy Paintings" 3248:"The King of Ireland's Son" 2752:"Lives of the Necromancers" 2544:Online Etymology Dictionary 2504:"Annual exhibition. No. 46" 2223:Fairy Investigation Society 2061:Christian belief in fairies 1924:stories, and its character 1859:, mingles them freely with 1756:'s sylphs of the 1712 poem 1744:Shakespeare's contemporary 973:Illustration of a fairy by 211:, or as spirits of nature. 172:, often with metaphysical, 6552: 4576:Classifications of fairies 4474:(London: Allen Lane, 2000) 4248:"Therapeutic Superstition" 3971:Briggs, (1967) pp. 165–67. 3662:Lenihan (2004) pp. 109–10. 3218:Briggs1 (1976) pp. 335,36. 3153:. New York, Peacock Press 2627:Keightley, Thomas (1828). 2582:An Encyclopedia of Fairies 1936: 1546: 1486: 1396: 1141: 1085:Classifications of fairies 1082: 615:period. Literature of the 60:A portrait of a fairy, by 36: 29: 6480: 5503: 4706: 4573: 4447:(New York, Garland: 1991) 4212:"The Secret Commonwealth" 4100:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3672:Northumberland Folk Tales 3531:Eason, Cassandra (2008). 2984:The Coming of the Fairies 2935:Hodson, Geoffrey (2003). 2710:Silver, Carole B. (1999) 2425:The Spiderwick Chronicles 2369:The Chronicles of Prydain 1738:A Midsummer Night's Dream 1229:A resin statue of a fairy 909:A Midsummer Night's Dream 841:The Coming of the Fairies 353:In Old French romance, a 199:tradition, as deities in 144:, generally described as 62:Sophie Gengembre Anderson 51: 4117:Tolkien on Fairy-stories 3907:3.2 (Summer 1986): 1–13. 3796:Lewis (1994) pp. 129–30. 3708:Woodyard, Chris (2022). 3644:Briggs (1967) pp. 50–51. 3352:University of Pittsburgh 3180:Fians, Fairies and Picts 3084:Silver (1999) pp. 40–41. 2852:Lewis (1994) pp. 135–36. 2687:. Taylor & Francis. 2660:. Taylor & Francis. 2094:Athanasius of Alexandria 1748:features fairies in his 1459:('the Pleasant Plain'), 811:of organisms, growth of 556:, and from the pages of 4945:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar 4408:(Edinburgh, 2001; 2007) 4350:(Bungay: Penguin, 1977) 4230:"God, Gods and Fairies" 3395:Oxford University Press 3322:10.1386/corn.21.1.223_1 3246:Colum, Padraic (1916). 2832:. Gramercy. p. 1. 2750:William Godwin (1876). 2681:Warton, Thomas (2001). 2654:Warton, Thomas (2001). 2213:Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar 2085:About a century later ( 1985:Jasmine Becket-Griffith 1475:('the Land of Youth'). 1281:", the elf-knight is a 927:The Triumph of the Moon 572: 520:to the folklore of the 475: 440: 434: 428: 412: 385: 373: 361: 355: 345: 323: 317: 257:and birth deformities. 249:. Before the advent of 6417:Christmas gift-bringer 4835:Brown Man of the Muirs 4332:Fairy Lore: A Handbook 4172:. Leaves in the Wind. 3920:. W.W. Norton. p. 858 3683:Narváez, Peter (1997) 3463:Lenihan (2004) p. 125. 2870:Yeats (1988) pp. 9–10. 2576:Briggs, Katharine Mary 2525:A Study of Fairy Tales 2522:Kready, Laura (1916). 2380:, multimedia franchise 2337: 2193: 2163:Christian theologians 2160: 2150: 2141: 2083: 2043:John Atkinson Grimshaw 2039:John Anster Fitzgerald 1952: 1796: 1786: 1780: 1764: 1752:, and from these stem 1728: 1660: 1614: 1601:Johann Heinrich Füssli 1594:Prince Arthur and the 1582: 1575: 1550: 1540: 1530: 1524: 1511: 1500: 1490: 1480: 1469: 1461: 1453: 1444: 1433: 1419: 1409: 1400: 1390: 1386: 1230: 983:tradition of cold iron 977: 944: 782:, in his dissertation 776: 714: 664: 576:of Persian mythology. 485:Historical development 377:became Modern English 332: 262:Renaissance literature 57: 32:Fairy (disambiguation) 5289:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling 4800:Blue men of the Minch 4676:Abodes and structures 4402:and Edward J. Cowan, 4392:Green, Richard Firth 3989:Briggs (1967) p. 209. 3980:Briggs (1967) p. 203. 3857:Briggs (1967) p. 174. 3635:Briggs (1967) p. 104. 3566:Briggs, K. M. (1967) 3472:Silver (1999) p. 152. 3433:Silver (1999) p. 155. 3236:Briggs1 (1976) p. 80. 3227:Briggs1 (1976) p. 25. 3209:Briggs (1967) p. 146. 3116:Briggs (1967) p. 141. 3036:Briggs (1976) p. 223. 2861:Briggs (1976) p. 319. 2778:Briggs (1976) p. 148. 2558:"Definition of "fey"" 2475:Zaczek, Iain (2005). 2393:The Fairly OddParents 2155: 2001:Ida Rentoul Outhwaite 1946: 1903:The Little White Bird 1716: 1592: 1571: 1382: 1228: 972: 905:William Shakespeare's 863:Demoted pagan deities 769: 659:1888 illustration by 658: 568:Barthélemy d'Herbelot 168:folklore), a form of 56: 5695:Hopkinsville Goblins 4168:(22 February 2023). 4147:(30 December 2022). 4011:The Lilac Fairy Book 3937:Tatar, Maria (2003) 3905:South Central Review 3753:Briggs (1976) p. 15. 3490:Briggs (1967) p. 34. 3424:Lewis (1994) p. 125. 3415:Briggs (1967) p. 74. 3378:Briggs (1976) p. 41. 3334:Briggs (1976) p. 25. 3291:Sikes, Wirt (1880). 3200:Silver (1999) p. 38. 3191:Lewis (1994) p. 134. 3170:Silver (1999) p. 45. 3107:Briggs (1967) p. 15. 3097:. September 8, 2011. 3075:Lewis (1994) p. 136. 3066:Silver (1999) p. 44. 3057:Lewis (1994) p. 138. 3018:Lewis (1994) p. 137. 2999:"Trees in Mythology" 2731:Briggs (1976) p. 98. 2478:Angels & fairies 2452:, animated TV series 2396:, animated TV series 2156:American theologian 2068:Origen of Alexandria 1886:The Lilac Fairy Book 1759:The Rape of the Lock 1628:Fairies appeared in 1417:modern tales of the 1273:In the 19th-century 718:, or 'people of the 497:creature, including 321:, a derivation from 39:Fay (disambiguation) 30:For other uses, see 5416:Sprite/Water sprite 4590:Celtic sacred trees 4484:Tomkinson, John L. 4423:The Discarded Image 4366:(Capall Bann, 2002) 4364:Handbook of Fairies 4279:Stephen R. L. Clark 4264:(29 October 2010). 4210:(20 October 2009). 4088:endicott-studio.com 3998:"Lewis pp. 129–30". 3916:Zipes, Jack (2000) 3517:Gauldie, E. (1981) 3125:Yolen, Jane (2000) 2979:Doyle, Arthur Conan 2967:on August 20, 2004. 2961:"Hodson's Pictures" 2937:Kingdom of the Gods 2889:King James (1597). 2879:Briggs (1967) p. 9. 2633:. W. H. Ainsworth. 2630:The Fairy Mythology 2178:Roland in Moonlight 2173:Stephen R. L. Clark 2119:The Discarded Image 2112:In the modern era, 1836:Puck of Pook's Hill 1733:William Shakespeare 1724:(1849): fairies in 1569:, Scotland, wrote: 1567:Aberfoyle, Stirling 938:Spirits of the dead 922:The Discarded Image 839:, in his 1922 book 661:Luis Ricardo Falero 613:Late Middle English 48: 4745:Aos Sí (Aes Sídhe) 4490:(Anagnosis, 2004) 4477:Silver, Carole G. 4430:Lysaght, Patricia 4413:Historical Journal 4400:Henderson, Lizanne 4309:David Bentley Hart 4262:David Bentley Hart 4244:David Bentley Hart 4226:David Bentley Hart 4208:David Bentley Hart 4166:David Bentley Hart 4145:David Bentley Hart 3960:The Tolkien Reader 3731:Evans Wentz, W. Y. 3618:. Sacred-texts.com 2908:Evans-Wentz, W. Y. 2740:Yeats (1988) p. 2. 2169:David Bentley Hart 2161: 2158:David Bentley Hart 2098:On the Incarnation 2055:Cottingley Fairies 1965:Cicely Mary Barker 1953: 1949:Cottingley Fairies 1877:Cicely Mary Barker 1815:. Writers such as 1778:invented the term 1729: 1615: 1360:. Many tales from 1231: 978: 837:Arthur Conan Doyle 777: 665: 426:(from Old English 405:are still in use. 142:legendary creature 78:Legendary creature 58: 6513: 6512: 6476: 6475: 6472: 6471: 6144:Headless Horseman 5685:Fearsome critters 5499: 5498: 4354:Briggs, Katharine 4345:Briggs, Katharine 4334:(Greenwood, 2006) 4246:(November 2012). 3776:978-1-60506-185-6 2694:978-0-415-21958-7 2667:978-0-415-21958-7 2640:978-0-384-29010-5 2488:978-1-84451-264-5 2385:The Dresden Files 2051:Joseph Noel Paton 1993:Florence Harrison 1722:Joseph Noel Paton 1683:The Faerie Queene 1662:Le Morte d'Arthur 1658:In the 1485 book 1648:is aided by King 1630:medieval romances 1612:The Faerie Queene 1330:European folklore 1306:Thomas the Rhymer 1297:(tithe) to hell. 1166:four-leaf clovers 1156:Protective charms 1118:Scottish folklore 1111:Germanic folklore 1095:solitary fairies, 1055:trees or various 895:of England (See: 883:Fairies as demons 582:Achaemenid Empire 561:medieval romances 518:Persian mythology 247:will-o'-the-wisps 110: 109: 16:(Redirected from 6543: 6503: 6502: 6493: 6492: 6486: 6189:Tuatha Dé Danann 6159:Jimmy Squarefoot 5983: 5710:Little green men 5505: 5471:Will-o'-the-wisp 5239:Margot the fairy 5188:Lady of the Lake 5138:Jenny Greenteeth 5133:Jack o' the bowl 4965:Queen of Elphame 4712:Attested fairies 4708: 4583:Related articles 4559: 4552: 4545: 4536: 4369:Daimler, Morgan 4316: 4306: 4300: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4189:(3 March 2011). 4183: 4177: 4176: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4112: 4106: 4105: 4099: 4091: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4066: 4051: 4045: 4038: 4032: 4021: 4015: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3990: 3987: 3981: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3963: 3956: 3950: 3935: 3929: 3914: 3908: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3849: 3842: 3836: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3797: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3760: 3754: 3751: 3745: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3705: 3699: 3696: 3690: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3612: 3606: 3599: 3590: 3589: 3577: 3571: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3528: 3522: 3515: 3509: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3455: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3425: 3422: 3416: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3398: 3385: 3379: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3162: 3147: 3138: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3091: 3085: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3058: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3037: 3034: 3028: 3025: 3019: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3006: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2904: 2895: 2894: 2886: 2880: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2859: 2853: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2747: 2741: 2738: 2732: 2729: 2723: 2708: 2699: 2698: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2624: 2615: 2610:Briggs (1976) – 2608: 2602: 2601: 2585: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2519: 2508: 2507: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2472: 2342: 2318:Will-o'-the-wisp 2124:J. R. R. Tolkien 2091: 2088: 2003:, Myrea Pettit, 1969:Meredith Dillman 1947:One of the five 1802:J. R. R. Tolkien 1799: 1789: 1783: 1769: 1665: 1646:Huon of Bordeaux 1609: 1606: 1578: 1553: 1543: 1533: 1527: 1514: 1503: 1493: 1483: 1474: 1466: 1458: 1447: 1436: 1434:Tuatha Dé Danann 1422: 1420:Tuatha Dé Danann 1412: 1410:Tuatha Dé Danann 1403: 1401:Tuatha Dé Danann 1393: 1391:Tuatha Dé Danann 1374:Allan Cunningham 1203:will-o'-the-wisp 1091:trooping fairies 1009:David MacRitchie 947: 873:Christian Church 717: 631:" for children. 621:English folklore 575: 554:Germanic peoples 480: 443: 437: 431: 415: 388: 376: 364: 358: 335: 326: 320: 243:four-leaf clover 87:Tuatha Dé Danann 49: 21: 6551: 6550: 6546: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6516: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6484: 6468: 6405: 6338: 6280:Enchanted Moura 6193: 6097: 5974: 5970:Yara-ma-yha-who 5908: 5759: 5633: 5557: 5510: 5495: 5259:Mooinjer veggey 5222: 5128:Jack-o'-lantern 5093:Heinzelmännchen 4976: 4713: 4702: 4671: 4647:Household deity 4605:Fairy godmother 4578: 4569: 4563: 4504: 4362:Coghlan, Ronan 4324: 4319: 4307: 4303: 4299:30 (4):337-355. 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3359: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3329: 3310:Cornish Studies 3307: 3306: 3302: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3280:on Dec 4, 2003. 3268: 3267: 3263: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3148: 3141: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3004: 3002: 2997: 2996: 2992: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2947: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2906: 2905: 2898: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2847: 2840: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2773: 2764: 2763: 2759: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2709: 2702: 2695: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2668: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2641: 2626: 2625: 2618: 2609: 2605: 2598: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2556: 2555: 2551: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2521: 2520: 2511: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2332: 2330:Popular culture 2327: 2218:Fairy godmother 2203: 2198: 2137:Australian wine 2089: 2063: 1941: 1935: 1913:Peter and Wendy 1831:Rudyard Kipling 1776:Madame d'Aulnoy 1746:Michael Drayton 1607: 1587: 1555: 1545: 1495: 1485: 1405: 1395: 1362:Northern Europe 1263: 1179:Celtic folklore 1162:St. John's wort 1158: 1146: 1140: 1087: 1081: 1079:Classifications 1041: 1039:Characteristics 1017: 967: 940: 893:Reformed Church 885: 879:for examples). 865: 790:familiar spirit 753: 702: 653: 617:Elizabethan era 487: 463:people of peace 449:euphemistically 290: 251:modern medicine 148:, found in the 146:anthropomorphic 136:) is a type of 69: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6549: 6547: 6539: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6518: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6497: 6487: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6413: 6411: 6410:Cross-regional 6407: 6406: 6404: 6403: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6367: 6357: 6352: 6350:Dames blanches 6346: 6344: 6340: 6339: 6337: 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L 4323: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4301: 4288: 4281:(March 2017). 4270: 4253: 4235: 4217: 4199: 4178: 4157: 4136: 4126:978-0007244669 4125: 4107: 4082:(2006-11-11). 4071: 4046: 4040:J. M. Barrie, 4033: 4023:J. M. Barrie, 4016: 4000: 3991: 3982: 3973: 3964: 3951: 3930: 3909: 3896: 3889: 3871: 3859: 3850: 3844:Briggs (1976) 3837: 3831:Briggs (1976) 3824: 3810: 3798: 3789: 3775: 3755: 3746: 3723: 3700: 3691: 3676: 3664: 3655: 3646: 3637: 3628: 3607: 3591: 3572: 3559: 3545: 3523: 3510: 3501: 3492: 3483: 3474: 3465: 3456: 3435: 3426: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3380: 3371: 3357: 3345:Ashliman, D.L. 3336: 3327: 3316:(3): 223–237. 3300: 3283: 3274:Trees for Life 3261: 3238: 3229: 3220: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3184: 3172: 3163: 3139: 3118: 3109: 3100: 3086: 3077: 3068: 3059: 3050: 3038: 3029: 3020: 3011: 2990: 2970: 2952: 2945: 2927: 2920: 2896: 2881: 2872: 2863: 2854: 2845: 2838: 2817: 2810: 2789: 2780: 2771: 2757: 2742: 2733: 2724: 2700: 2693: 2673: 2666: 2646: 2639: 2616: 2603: 2596: 2567: 2562:Dictionary.com 2549: 2531: 2509: 2494: 2487: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2445: 2437: 2429: 2421: 2417:Smile PreCure! 2413: 2405: 2397: 2389: 2381: 2377:Disney Fairies 2373: 2365: 2357: 2349: 2344: 2339:Donas de 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attested 90: 89: 75: 71: 70: 59: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6548: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6506: 6498: 6496: 6488: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6428: 6427:Companions of 6425: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6408: 6402: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6370:King Goldemar 6368: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6341: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6293: 6290: 6289: 6288: 6285: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6179:Pictish Beast 6177: 6175: 6174:Morgan Le Fay 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 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4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4337:Bown, Nicola 4336: 4333: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4231: 4228:(June 2013). 4227: 4221: 4218: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4122: 4118: 4111: 4108: 4103: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4075: 4072: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4007:Lang, Andrew 4004: 4001: 3995: 3992: 3986: 3983: 3977: 3974: 3968: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3947:0-691-06722-8 3944: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3927: 3926:0-393-97636-X 3923: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3892: 3890:0-415-02699-7 3886: 3882: 3875: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3838: 3834: 3833:Morgan Le Fay 3828: 3825: 3820: 3814: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3778: 3772: 3768: 3767: 3759: 3756: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3743:0-901072-51-6 3740: 3736: 3733:(1966, 1990) 3732: 3727: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3701: 3695: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3665: 3659: 3656: 3650: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3632: 3629: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3560: 3548: 3546:9780275994259 3542: 3538: 3534: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3496: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3453: 3452:1-58542-206-1 3449: 3446:. pp. 146–47 3445: 3439: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3367: 3361: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3348:"Changelings" 3346: 3340: 3337: 3331: 3328: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3301: 3296: 3295: 3287: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3215: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3197: 3194: 3188: 3185: 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2553: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2527: 2526: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2506:. p. 17. 2505: 2498: 2495: 2490: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2471: 2468: 2462: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2428:, book series 2427: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2414: 2412:, book series 2411: 2410: 2409:Rainbow Magic 2406: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2388:, book series 2387: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2372:, book series 2371: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2356:, book series 2355: 2354: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2182: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2138: 2133: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2074: 2073:Contra Celsum 2069: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2031:Victorian era 2027: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1981:Warwick Goble 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1933:In visual art 1932: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1813:Victorian era 1810: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1782: 1781:contes de fée 1777: 1773: 1768: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1668:Morgan le Fay 1664: 1663: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1634:knight errant 1631: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1613: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1596:Faerie Queene 1591: 1585:In literature 1584: 1581: 1577: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1554: 1552: 1542: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1528:, previously 1526: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1502: 1494: 1492: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1465: 1464: 1457: 1456: 1449: 1446: 1441: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1404: 1402: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1370:William Blake 1366: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1268:Knockshigowna 1260: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1239: 1236: 1227: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1196: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1145: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1086: 1078: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 984: 976: 971: 965:Hidden people 964: 962: 959: 958:Diane Purkiss 955: 951: 946: 937: 935: 933: 932:Ronald Hutton 929: 928: 923: 919: 915: 911: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 882: 880: 878: 874: 870: 862: 860: 858: 853: 850: 849:E. L. Gardner 846: 842: 838: 834: 832: 828: 827: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 795:In England's 793: 791: 787: 786: 781: 775: 774: 768: 764: 762: 758: 750: 748: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 716: 711: 707: 704:Early modern 699: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 670: 662: 657: 650: 648: 645: 641: 640:Edwardian era 637: 636:Victorian era 632: 630: 626: 625:Victorian era 622: 618: 614: 610: 609:fairie queene 606: 605:fairie knight 602: 598: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 574: 569: 564: 562: 559: 558:Middle French 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 484: 482: 479: 478: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 455: 450: 445: 442: 436: 430: 425: 424: 419: 416:, from which 414: 410: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 387: 382: 381: 375: 370: 366: 363: 357: 351: 349: 348: 343: 342:abstract noun 340:'), with the 339: 334: 330: 325: 319: 314: 310: 306: 305: 302:realm of the 299: 295: 287: 285: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 235: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 214:The label of 212: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 181: 179: 178:preternatural 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 106: 103: 99: 95: 91: 88: 85: 82: 79: 76: 72: 67: 63: 55: 50: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6401:Weiße Frauen 6397:Witte Wieven 6169:Menninkäinen 5950:Patupaiarehe 5878:Hungry ghost 5863:Orang bunian 5781:Fallen angel 5725:Nordic alien 5461:Wicked fairy 5401:Sleih beggey 5208:Lubber fiend 5198:Leanan sídhe 5143:Joan the Wad 5108:Hobbididance 5068:Gwyn ap Nudd 4790:Bloody Bones 4760:Baobhan sith 4750:Arkan Sonney 4667:Water spirit 4652:Hungry grass 4620:Fairy riding 4565: 4512: 4486: 4478: 4471: 4462: 4453: 4444: 4431: 4421: 4412: 4403: 4393: 4384: 4377:Froud, Brian 4370: 4363: 4356: 4347: 4338: 4331: 4322:Bibliography 4312: 4304: 4296: 4291: 4273: 4256: 4238: 4220: 4202: 4187:John Milbank 4181: 4173: 4160: 4152: 4139: 4130: 4116: 4110: 4087: 4074: 4063:. Retrieved 4059: 4049: 4041: 4036: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4010: 4003: 3994: 3985: 3976: 3967: 3962:, pp. 10–11. 3959: 3954: 3938: 3933: 3917: 3912: 3904: 3899: 3880: 3874: 3866: 3862: 3853: 3846:Faerie Queen 3845: 3840: 3832: 3827: 3813: 3792: 3780:. Retrieved 3765: 3758: 3749: 3726: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3694: 3684: 3679: 3671: 3667: 3658: 3649: 3640: 3631: 3620:. Retrieved 3610: 3602: 3585: 3575: 3567: 3562: 3550:. Retrieved 3536: 3526: 3518: 3513: 3504: 3495: 3486: 3477: 3468: 3459: 3443: 3438: 3429: 3420: 3411: 3402: 3391: 3383: 3374: 3360: 3339: 3330: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3293: 3286: 3278:the original 3273: 3264: 3251: 3241: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3196: 3187: 3179: 3175: 3166: 3150: 3126: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3089: 3080: 3071: 3062: 3053: 3032: 3023: 3014: 3003:. Retrieved 2993: 2983: 2973: 2965:the original 2955: 2936: 2930: 2911: 2891:Daemonologie 2890: 2884: 2875: 2866: 2857: 2848: 2829: 2826:Yeats, W. B. 2820: 2801: 2798:Lewis, C. S. 2792: 2783: 2774: 2760: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2711: 2683: 2676: 2656: 2649: 2629: 2611: 2606: 2581: 2570: 2561: 2552: 2543: 2534: 2524: 2497: 2477: 2470: 2447: 2439: 2433:Supernatural 2431: 2423: 2415: 2407: 2399: 2391: 2383: 2375: 2367: 2361:Carnival Row 2359: 2353:Artemis Fowl 2351: 2184: 2176: 2165:John Milbank 2162: 2146: 2142: 2129: 2117: 2111: 2106: 2097: 2084: 2079: 2071: 2064: 2035:Richard Dadd 2028: 2024:fairy houses 2017: 2009:Suza Scalora 1989:Rebecca Guay 1973:Gustave Doré 1954: 1918:J. M. Barrie 1911: 1901: 1898:J. M. Barrie 1891: 1884: 1834: 1824: 1817:Walter Scott 1806: 1757: 1749: 1743: 1736: 1730: 1717: 1700:John Lydgate 1681: 1671: 1657: 1654: 1627: 1618: 1616: 1611: 1593: 1576:Sleagh Maith 1572: 1558: 1557:In the 1691 1556: 1521:Irish Gaelic 1498: 1496: 1463:Emain Ablach 1450: 1440:Irish people 1406: 1383: 1377: 1367: 1355: 1353: 1336: 1334: 1313: 1299: 1290: 1275:Child ballad 1272: 1264: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1232: 1200: 1195:Seelie Court 1191: 1170:Newfoundland 1159: 1147: 1132: 1127: 1123:Seelie Court 1121: 1115: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1088: 1065:tuberculosis 1042: 1018: 979: 941: 925: 921: 907: 886: 866: 854: 844: 840: 835: 830: 824: 820: 794: 785:Daemonologie 783: 780:King James I 778: 773:Daemonologie 771: 754: 726:, a kind of 705: 703: 666: 651:Descriptions 633: 608: 604: 600: 594: 565: 515: 509:creature or 490: 488: 466: 462: 458: 452: 446: 417: 407: 402: 398: 394: 390: 378: 368: 367: 352: 329:Vulgar Latin 308: 303: 297: 293: 292:The English 291: 266:Romantic art 259: 255:tuberculosis 237:A recurring 236: 231: 215: 213: 185:folk beliefs 182: 174:supernatural 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 111: 65: 43: 6422:Santa Claus 6250:Hippocampus 5940:Muldjewangk 5806:Inari Ōkami 5456:Water horse 5441:Tylwyth Teg 5431:Tooth fairy 5324:Pillywiggin 5274:Moss people 5244:Meg Mullach 5148:Joint-eater 5033:Ghillie Dhu 4993:Fairy Queen 4780:Billy Blind 4735:Alp Luachra 4642:Genius loci 4568:in folklore 4513:In Our Time 4419:Lewis, C.S. 3127:Touch Magic 2444:, TV series 2436:, TV series 2404:, TV series 2364:, TV series 2303:Tooth fairy 2114:C. S. Lewis 2103:Robert Kirk 2013:Nene Thomas 1977:Brian Froud 1957:fairy tales 1951:photographs 1926:Tinker Bell 1881:Andrew Lang 1811:during the 1809:Romanticism 1772:fairy tales 1726:Shakespeare 1704:King Arthur 1702:wrote that 1638:Sir Launfal 1608: 1788 1563:Robert Kirk 1561:, Reverend 1349:gingerbread 1220:thorn trees 1216:fairy forts 1207:C. S. Lewis 1150:changelings 1138:Changelings 1061:fairy-locks 975:C. E. Brock 918:C. S. Lewis 897:Anglicanism 877:W. B. Yeats 797:Theosophist 744:Greco-Roman 720:fairy hills 710:folk belief 629:fairy tales 597:Middle Ages 477:Tylwyth Teg 300:, meaning ' 272:during the 205:prehistoric 180:qualities. 96:In folklore 6520:Categories 6454:Salamander 6154:Jack Frost 5791:Hồ ly tinh 5786:Fox spirit 5690:Grey alien 5650:Anchimayen 5451:Water bull 5396:Shellycoat 5319:Peg Powler 5304:Nuckelavee 5279:Nain Rouge 5203:Leprechaun 5098:Hinzelmann 5003:Fear gorta 4998:Fear dearg 4970:Svartálfar 4930:Each-uisge 4895:Colt pixie 4885:Clurichaun 4875:Ceffyl Dŵr 4775:Bean nighe 4698:Fairy ring 4693:Fairy path 4683:Fairy fort 4625:Fairy tale 4610:Fairy-lock 4595:Changeling 4065:2009-08-19 3622:2012-08-15 3388:Opie, Iona 3005:2014-05-11 2458:References 2441:True Blood 2258:Leprechaun 2191:delusions. 2105:who wrote 2090: 335 1937:See also: 1920:'s famous 1873:Queen Mary 1821:James Hogg 1787:précieuses 1766:précieuses 1531:bean sídhe 1471:Tir na nÓg 1347:blossoms, 1337:Fairy gold 1318:Walter Map 1144:Changeling 1033:elementals 1023:, classed 1021:Paracelsus 1015:Elementals 891:among the 889:Puritanism 826:elementals 807:, such as 313:Old French 280:eras. 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