Socially responsible investing

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steer management on a course that will improve financial performance over time and enhance the well-being of the stockholders, customers, employees, vendors, and communities. According to a meta-analysis approximately 90% of studies on ESG show a non-negative relationship between ESG and financial performance, with a majority indicating positive correlations. This evidence suggests that ESG considerations can lead to improved risk management, cost savings, and access to capital, thus enhancing overall financial health. Recent movements have also been reported of "investor relations activism", in which investor relations firms assist groups of shareholder activists in an organized push for change within a corporation. This is done typically by leveraging their enhanced knowledge of the corporation, its management (often via direct relationships), and the securities laws as a whole. Hedge funds are also major activist investors; while some pursue socially responsible investing goals, many simply are seeking to maximize fund returns. Pension plans subject to ERISA are somewhat more constrained in their ability to engage in shareholder activism or the use of plan assets to promote public policy positions; any expenditure of plan assets must be aimed at enhancing participants' retirement income.

473:(ESG) has increased four-fold since 2012. Additionally, 20 exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that incorporate ESG criteria were identified with $ 3.5 billion in assets at the end of 2011, an increase from the 8 ETFs with $ 2.25 billion in net assets identified in its 2007 report—the first Trends report to track ETFs . Unlike the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), which severely limits the extent to which socially responsible goals can be considered in managing corporate and Taft-Hartley pension assets (due to ERISA's overriding goal of protecting employees' pensions), registered investment companies can take these factors into account so long as the disclosure and other requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are met. 5952:, the fourth edition of this biennial report, continues to be the only report collating results from the market studies of regional sustainable investment forums from Europe, the United States, Japan, Canada, and Australia and New Zealand. It provides a snapshot of sustainable investing in these markets at the start of 2018 by drawing on the in-depth regional and national reports from GSIA members: Eurosif, Japan Sustainable Investment Forum (JSIF), Responsible Investment Association Australasia, RIA Canada and US SIF. This report also includes data on the African sustainable investing market, from the African Investing for Impact Barometer, and on Latin America from the Principles for Responsible Investment. 6101:, found that an approach where stocks with high SRI scores are bought while those with low SRI scores are sold off produced a positive abnormal performance of up to 8.7% per annum, suggesting that investors can achieve their ethical goals without hurting their financial performance. also using the Carhart four-factor model, noted an excess return of 7% for environmentally-friendly firms. However, using a similar approach found the performance of SRI stocks to be not statistically different from those of conventional stocks. In contrast, also using the Carhart four-factor model found a 147:. Socially responsible investing is one of several related concepts and approaches that influence and, in some cases, govern how asset managers invest portfolios. The term "socially responsible investing" sometimes narrowly refers to practices that seek to avoid harm by screening companies for ESG risks before deciding whether or not they should be included in an investment portfolio. However, the term is also used more broadly to include more proactive practices such as impact investing, shareholder advocacy and community investing. According to investor 9935: 6211: 5693:

capital by traditional financial institutions. These loans are used for housing, small business creation, and education or personal development in the US and UK, or are made available to local financial institutions abroad to finance international community development. The community investing institution typically provides training and other types of support and expertise to ensure the success of the loan and its returns for investors.

5991:, in 2019 and for a 19th consecutive year, funds managed under responsible investment approaches grew as a proportion of total professionally managed investments in Australia to AU$ 1,149 billion in assets under management, a rise of 17% from 2018. Ever more investment managers are applying a range of responsible investing approaches – from ESG integration and negative screening to sustainability-themed and impact investing. 6197: 5848:

along with a financial return and measure the achievement of both". Impact investing, capitalizes businesses that potentially provide social or environmental impact at a scale that purely philanthropic interventions usually cannot reach. This capital may be in a range of forms including private equity, debt, working capital lines of credit, and loan guarantees. Examples in recent decades include many investments in

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making investment decisions. The debate as to whether there is anything to gain or lose by deciding to be ethical and socially responsible in making investment decisions is still ongoing. Several studies have found that there is no conclusive evidence as to whether the performances of socially responsible investments outperform those of conventional and vice versa.

10370: 338:. However, reports documenting the application of the Sullivan Principles said that US companies were not trying to lessen discrimination in South Africa. Due to these reports and mounting political pressure, cities, states, colleges, faith-based groups and pension funds throughout the US began divesting from companies operating in South Africa. In 1976, the 5714:

the future direction of development. A growing number of rating agencies collects both raw data the ESG behaviour of firms as well as aggregates this data in indices. After several years of growth the rating agency industry has recently been subject to a consolidation phase that has reduced the number of genesis through mergers and acquisitions.

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Since 1985, most of the major investment organizations have launched ethical and socially responsible funds, although this has led to a great deal of discussion and debate over the use of the term "ethical" investment. This is because each of the fund management organizations tend to apply a slightly

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Socially responsible investing is a global phenomenon. With the international scope of business itself, social investors frequently invest in companies with international operations. As international investment products and opportunities have expanded, so have international SRI products. The ranks of

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conducted a review of 10,000 funds and concluded "strong sustainability" investments outperformed weak sustainability investments, tackling the idea of a trade-off between positive impact and financial return. while the Global Impact Investing Network's 2015 report on benchmarks and returns in impact

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Measuring social, environmental and ethical issues is nuanced and complex and depends on needs and context. Some rating companies have developed ESG risk ratings and screens as a tool for asset managers. These ratings firms evaluate companies and projects on several risk factors and typically assign

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index between 1990 and 2004 and found that returns on the SRI indices exceeded returns on S&P 500 even though they were not statistically significant. Others focused only on the US and on outside the US by studying the performance of 29 SRI indices globally. Using the capital asset pricing model

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Social investors use several strategies to maximize financial return and attempt to maximize social good. These strategies seek to create change by shifting the cost of capital down for sustainable firms and up for the non-sustainable ones. The proponents argue that access to capital is what drives

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Negative screening of fossil fuels by the responsible investment industry is beginning to catch up to consumer interest. In 2018, only 5% of responsible investment AUM for survey respondents who conduct negative screening was screened for fossil fuels. In 2019, 19% of responsible investment AUM has

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Positive investing is the new generation of socially responsible investing. It involves making investments in activities and companies believed to have a positive social impact. Positive investing suggested a broad revamping of the industry's methodology for driving change through investments. This

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is the act of removing stocks from a portfolio based on mainly ethical, non-financial objections to certain business activities of a corporation. Recently, CalSTRS (California State Teachers' Retirement System) announced the removal of more than $ 237 million in tobacco holdings from its investment

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According to the 2014 Report on US Sustainable, Responsible and Impact Investing Trends, among separate account managers, 214 distinctive separate account vehicles or strategies, with $ 433 billion in assets, incorporated ESG factors into investment analysis. Where a separate account is subject to

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headquarters of the bank. It was targeted at SRI funds in Europe and the US, although it was sent to non-SRI funds both in and out of Brazil. The research was about environmental and social issues (but not governance issues) regarding companies listed in Brazil. It was sent for free to Unibanco's

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which included "sin stocks" (alcohol, tobacco, gaming) to be significantly outperforming similar comparable stocks, which indicates that investors in SRI stocks might be losing. However, after controlling for managerial skills, transaction costs and fees, found no outperformance between portfolios

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Increasingly, responsible investors in New Zealand have shifted their focus from screening out harmful industries such as tobacco and armaments, to considering broader environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) factors when investing. Impact investing has grown over 13 times from NZ$ 358

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details the size, growth, depth and performance of the New Zealand responsible investment market over 12 months to 31 December 2019 and compares these results with the broader New Zealand financial market. In 2019, funds managed under responsible investment approaches grew as a proportion of total

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against South Africa. From the 1970s to the early 1990s, large institutions avoided investment in South Africa under apartheid. The subsequent negative flow of investment eventually forced a group of businesses, representing 75% of South African employers, to draft a charter calling for an end to

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While conventional investing only focuses on the traditional risk and returns considerations in making investment decisions, socially responsible investing considers other ethical factors as discussed above. Hence, the question often arise as to whether it pays financially to be ethical or not in

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The 2018 report shows that globally, sustainable investing assets in the five major markets stood at US$ 30.7 trillion at the start of 2018, a 34% increase in two years. From 2016 to 2018, the fastest growing region has been Japan, followed by Australia/New Zealand and Canada. These were also the

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efforts attempt to positively influence corporate behavior. These efforts include initiating conversations with corporate management on issues of concern, and submitting and voting proxy resolutions. These activities are undertaken with the belief that social investors, working cooperatively, can

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In 1985, Friends Provident launched the first ethically screened investment fund with criteria which excluded tobacco, arms, alcohol and oppressive regimes. Since 1985, over 90 investment funds have launched offering a wide range of investment criteria; both negatively screened and with positive

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in an institution, rather than purchasing stock, an investor is able to create a greater social impact: money spent purchasing stock in the secondary market accrues to the stock's previous owner and may not generate social good, while money invested in a community institution is put to work. For

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is the alternative investment (i.e. private equity) approach to Positive investing. In 2014, the UK's presidency of the G8 created a Social Impact Investment Task Force which produced a series of reports that defined impact investing as "those that intentionally target specific social objectives

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are often very large players in the investment field, and are being pressured by the citizenry and by activist groups to adopt investment policies which encourage ethical corporate behavior, respect the rights of workers, consider environmental concerns, and avoid violations of human rights. One

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to exchange ideas and gain momentum for new initiatives. The name has since changed to The SRI Conference which meets annually at Green Building certified establishments and has attracted over 550 persons annually since 2006. This conference is produced by First Affirmative Financial Network, an

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From 2012 to 2014, more than 200 US institutions and investment management firms filed or co-filed proposals. These institutions and money managers collectively controlled $ 1.72 trillion in assets at the end of 2013. The top categories of environmental and social issues from 2012 to 2014 were

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Community investing, a subset of socially responsible investing, allows for investment directly into community-based organizations. Community investing institutions use investor capital to finance or guarantee loans to individuals and organizations that have historically been denied access to

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As of June 2014, EIRIS estimated that there was over £13.5 billion invested in Britain's green and ethical retail funds. This estimate is based on around 85 UK domiciled green or ethical retail funds and it seeks to not include UK money invested in ethical funds domiciled outside of the UK.

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In 2013, the University of Edinburgh adopted a comprehensive responsible investment policy, making it one of the first universities in the United Kingdom to do so. The policy includes divestment from fossil fuels and increased investment in renewable energy and sustainable technologies.

433:, which is mandated to avoid "investments which constitute an unacceptable risk that the Fund may contribute to unethical acts or omissions, such as violations of fundamental humanitarian principles, serious violations of human rights, gross corruption or severe environmental damages". 5997:

Australian responsible investment managers still favour ESG integration and corporate engagement and voting above negative and norms-based screening as their primary responsible investment approaches for constructing portfolios, but managers are increasingly driving capital towards

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may be used by that institution to alleviate poverty or inequality, spread access to capital to under-served communities, support economic development or green business, or create other social good. In 1984, Trillium Asset Management's founder, Joan Bavaria, invited

5794:, shareholder engagement requires extensive monitoring of the non-financial performance of all portfolio companies. In shareholder engagement dialogues, investees receive constructive feedback on how to improve ESG issues within their sphere of influence. 361:

was founded in 1989 by Joan Bavaria and Dennis Hayes, coordinator of the first Earth Day, as a network for investors, environmental organizations, and other public interest groups interested in working with companies to address environmental concerns.

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Considering that difference in performance of funds may be due to portfolio selection/construction process and/or the ability of fund managers and not necessarily on the nature of investments themselves, some studies have compared the performance of

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Socially responsible mutual funds counted by the 2014 Trends Report increased in number to 415 in 2014, up from 333 in 2012, 250 in 2010, 173 in 2005 & 2007, 189 in 2003, and 167 in 2001. The overall number of mutual funds incorporating

5726:("ESG") criteria into the fundamental analysis of equity investments. According to the non-profit Investor Responsibility Research Center institute (IRRCi), approaches to ESG integration vary greatly among asset managers depending on: 9678: 8261: 5899:

which provide a framework for investors to incorporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into the investment process. PRI has more than 1,500 signatories managing more than US$ 60 trillion of assets.

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In recent years there has been growth in the market for high social impact investments; this is a style of investing where the businesses receiving investment have social or environmental goals as a primary purpose.

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to estimate Jensen's alpha as the performance indicator, no significant evidence of under/over performance was found. A comparison of the performance of SR indices with conventional indices on a global scale using

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Several studies in various places have analysed the performance of socially responsible investing (SRI) and conventional investing (CI) using different models and methodologies for measuring performance. Using the

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professionally managed investments in New Zealand to NZ$ 153.5 billion in 2019. This represents 52% of the estimated NZ$ 296 billion of total professionally managed assets under management in New Zealand.

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Kreander, N., Gray, G., Power, D., and Sinclair, C. (2005). "Evaluating the performance of ethical and non-SRI funds: A matched pair analysis." Journal of Business, Finance and Accounting 32, 1465-1493.

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Chan, P. T., and Walter, T. (2014). "Investment performance of environmentally friendly firms and their initial public offers and seasoned equity offers." Journal of Banking and Finance 44, 177-188.

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Sauer, D. (1997). "The impact of social-responsibility screens on investment performance: Evidence from the domini 400 social index and domini equity fund." Review of Financial Economics 6, 23–35.

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Socially responsible investing is a growing market in both the US and Europe. In particular, it has become an important principle guiding the investment strategies of various funds and accounts.

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Gregory, A., Matatko, J., and Luther, R. (1997). "Ethical unit trust financial performance: Small company effects and fund size effects." Journal of Business Finance and Accounting 24, 705-725.

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excludes certain securities from investment consideration based on social or environmental criteria. For example, many socially responsible investors screen out tobacco company investments.

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three fastest growing regions in the previous two-year period. The largest three regions— based on the value of their sustainable investing assets—were Europe, the United States and Japan.

205:. Some of the best-known applications of socially responsible investing were religiously motivated. Investors would avoid "sinful" companies, such as those associated with products such as 6151:

for the comparison and no significant difference was found in the performance of the two indices. A follow-up study compared the performance of four SRI indices (Domini 400 Social Index,

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Project in Chicago, established the early model for socially responsible investing efforts. King combined ongoing dialog with boycotts and direct action targeting specific corporations.

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More recently, some social investors have sought to address the rights of indigenous peoples around the world who are affected by the business practices of various companies. The 2007,

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Drawing on the industry's experience using divestment as a tool against apartheid, the Sudan Divestment Task Force was established in 2006 in response to the genocide occurring in the

5882:. It is likely that this was the first time a nonprofit organization with a loan fund would meet directly with SRI managers. Trillium clients began investing in ICE later that year. 8033:

Hamilton, S., Jo, H., and Statman, M. (1993). "Doing well while doing good? The investment performance of socially responsible mutual funds." Financial Analysts Journal 49, 62-66.

5755:—was started in May 1990. It has continued to perform competitively —with average annualized total returns of 9.51% through December 2009 compared with 8.66% for the S&P 500. 5959:

A 2020 global analysis from Morningstar indicates that assets in sustainable funds reached nearly, $ 1.7 trillion. Net flows into U.S. sustainable funds surpassed $ 51 billion.

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Bauer, R., Koedijk, K., and Otten, R. (2005). "International evidence on ethical mutual fund performance and investment style." Journal of Banking and Finance 29, 1751-1767.

9161: 280: 5650:, socially responsible mutual funds, and labor unions. In 2004, faith-based organizations filed 129 resolutions, while socially responsible funds filed 56 resolutions. 10210: 6072: 5668:

to disclose how they voted on behalf of their investors. U.S. shareholders have organized various groups to facilitate jointly filing resolutions. These include the

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Mallin, C., Saadouni, B., and Briston, R. (1995). "The financial performance of ethical investment funds." Journal of Business Finance and Accounting 22, 483-496.

6889:"Edinburgh and Midlothian Greens » Blog Archive » Greens continue fight for ethical pensions – Lib Dem councillors under fire for ignoring party policy" 6265: 5723: 5638:

ERISA, there are legal limitations on the extent to which investment decisions can be based on factors other than maximizing plan participants' economic returns.

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apartheid. While the SRI efforts alone did not bring an end to apartheid, it did focus persuasive international pressure on the South African business community.

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The mid and late 1990s saw the rise of SRI's focus on a diverse range of other issues, including tobacco stocks, mutual fund proxy disclosure, and other issues.

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can be considered a subset of SRI that is generally more proactive and focused on the conscious creation of social or environmental impact through investment.

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Schroder, M. (2007). "Is there a difference? The performance characteristics of SRI equity indices." Journal of Business Finance and Accounting 34, 331–348.

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Since the late 1990s, SRI has become increasingly defined as a means to promote environmentally sustainable development. Many investors consider effects of

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Munoz, F., Vargas, M. and Marco, I. (2013). "Environmental mutual funds: financial performance and managerial abilities." Journal of Business Ethics 1055.

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Cundill, Smart & Wilson (2018). "Non-financial Shareholder Activism: A Process Model for Influencing Corporate Environmental and Social Performance*".

5697: 6466: 10111: 8845: 7066: 193:"The Use of Money" outlined his basic tenets of social investing: not to harm your neighbor through your business practices and to avoid industries like 5994:

The report shows that in Australian and multi-sector responsible investment funds outperformed mainstream funds over 1, 3, 5 and 10 year time horizons.

264:, the manufacturer of napalm, and prompted protests across the country against Dow Chemical and other companies seen as profiting from the Vietnam War. 9812: 7984:

Kempf, A., and Osthoff, P. (2007). "The effect of socially responsible investing on financial performance." European Financial Management 13, 908–922.

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sustainability-themed and impact investing allocations with allocations to Green, Social and Sustainability Bonds more than doubling since last year.

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Asset managers and other financial institutions increasingly rely on ESG ratings agencies to assess, measure and compare companies' ESG performance.

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held a special pre-conference specifically to address the concerns of indigenous peoples. Healthy working conditions, fair wages, product safety, and

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Fernandez, A., and Matallin, J. (2008). "Performance of Ethical Mutual Funds in Spain: Sacrifice or Premium?" Journal of Business Ethics 81, 247-260.

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and Carhart four-factor model. These studies found no statistically significant difference in performance between the SRI and conventional funds.

151:, shareholder advocacy and community investing are pillars of socially responsible investing, while doing only negative screening is inadequate. 6780: 9816: 9786: 8795: 9934: 8143:

Statman, M. (2006). "Socially responsible indexes: composition, performance, and tracking error." Journal of Portfolio Management 32, 100-109.

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search and compare tool for ethical investments, the most important exclusionary screens are fossil fuels, human rights abuses and armaments.

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were further incorporated by some social investors. An iconomic image from the era was a picture in June 1972 of a naked nine-year-old girl,

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Escrig-Olmedo; et al. (2010). "Socially responsible investing: sustainability indices, ESG rating and information provider agencies".

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million in 2018 to NZ$ 4.74 billion in 2019. Green, Social and Sustainability (GSS) Bonds account for 88% of products using this approach.

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Hong, H., and Kacperczyk, M. (2009). "The price of sin: the effects of social norms on markets." Journal of Financial Economics 93, 5–36.

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which include "sin" stocks and comparable SR portfolios. Some other studies have compared the performance of SRI funds with conventional

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Various academic studies have found positive, negative, and neutral associations between SRI fund orientation and financial performance.

5661:, which regulates mutual funds and applies the 1940 Act and by the Department of Labor, which regulates certain plans and applies ERISA. 9726: 9311: 370:

investment advisory firm that works with advisors nationwide providing portfolios specialized in sustainable and responsible investing.

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of the Institute for Community Economics (ICE), an organization that helps communities create and sustain land trusts, to a meeting of

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Johnson, Zachary; Ashoori, Minoo; Lee, Yun (2018). "Self-Reporting CSR Activities: When Your Company Harms, Do You Self-Disclose?".

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alongside ethical, social or environmental goals. The areas of concern recognized by SRI practitioners are often linked to

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region of the Sudan. Support from the US government followed with the Sudan Accountability and Divestment Act of 2007.

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UK institutions are also getting more involved in social investing through impact investing funds, with those such as

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Geczy, C., Stambaugh, F., and Levin, D. (2005). "Investing in Socially Responsible Mutual Funds." Available at SSRN:

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community, and an investor will often take active role mentoring or leading the growth of the company or start-up.

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Humphrey, J. E., and Tan, D. T. (2013). "Does it really hurt to be responsible?" Journal of Business Ethics 1055.

7594: 6888: 5907:(GSIA) is a collaboration of membership-based sustainable investment organisations around the world including the 10250: 10099: 9963: 9390: 9359: 9030: 8825: 8663: 8315: 8002:

Statman, M., and Glushkov, D. (2009). "The wages of social responsibility." Financial Analysts Journal 65, 33–46.

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found there is "strong evidence that there is a financial price to be paid for socially responsible investing".

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Shareholder resolutions are filed by a wide variety of institutional investors, including public pension funds,

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Amenc, N., and Sourd, V. (2008). "Socially Responsible Investment Performance in France." EDHEC-Risk Institute.

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One of the SRI labels of French research centre Novethic is for engagement funds, like the funds initiated by

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been screened for fossil fuels, growing 14 percentage points from the year before. For consumers using RIAA's

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launched the first undergraduate-run socially responsible investment fund in the United States, known as the

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ESG integration is one of the most common responsible investment strategies and entails the incorporation of

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investing in private equity and venture capital found market-rate or market-beating returns were common in

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Lobe, Sebastian; Walkshäusl, Christian (7 August 2009). "Vice vs. Virtue Investing Around the World".

7224: 3213: 2962: 2916: 10295: 10230: 9804: 9457: 9353: 9133: 9103: 9055: 9050: 8973: 8878: 8774: 8597: 8456: 8441: 8416: 8401: 8358: 6295: 6280: 6216: 6152: 5791: 5778: 5700:(CDFIs) based in the US totaled $ 64.3 billion at the start of 2014, up from $ 61.4 billion in 2012. 3725: 449: 358: 323: 112: 6725:"The premier industry conference for socially responsible investing in the United States of America" 3341: 976: 10265: 10215: 10174: 9909: 9782: 9420: 9065: 8948: 8943: 8688: 8607: 8426: 8406: 8396: 6485: 6325: 6102: 5875: 1659: 1613: 1567: 1349: 335: 276: 104: 10349: 7823: 7544: 7115: 7019: 6767:

Building Reputational Capital: Strategies for Integrity and Fair Play That Improve the Bottom Line

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sense, but also in the sense of a company's long-term potential to compete and succeed. In 2015,

5804: 237: 175: 43: 7530: 6015: 5988: 5852:, community development finance, and clean technology. Impacting investing has its roots in the 5373: 404:

also remain headline concerns for many social investors. In the mid-2010s, some funds developed

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Water and Climate Change: Understanding the Risks and Making Climate-Smart Investment Decisions

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Socially Responsible Investing Basics from the Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment

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maintains charts describing the socially responsible mutual funds offered by its member firms.

10305: 10043: 9973: 9943: 9889: 9768: 9742: 9493: 9219: 9202: 9173: 8968: 8852: 8658: 8411: 8348: 8270:– The Investor's Gateway to Socially Responsible Investing resources, topics and organizations 8185: 8131:

Statman, M. (2000). "Socially responsible mutual funds." Financial Analysts Journal 56, 30-39.

7568:"New Financial Study Shows Stocks Can Reflect Investor Values without Sacrificing Performance" 7464: 7363: 7359: 6585: 6524: 6453: 6405: 6148: 5833: 5587: 1021: 334:) drafted a code of conduct for practicing business in South Africa which became known as the 225: 198: 194: 144: 7197:"The consolidation of the ESG rating industry as an enactment of institutional retrogression" 436:

In the 2000s and 2010s, pension funds were under pressure to disinvest from the arms company

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Key: X = No investment; P = Positive investment; R = Restricted investment; NS = No screens.

115:. Some SRIs avoid investing in businesses perceived to have negative social effects such as 100: 89: 74: 65: 6581:

Responsible Investing: An Introduction to Environmental, Social, and Governance Investments

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passed a successful resolution to disinvest from the company, but a similar attempt by the

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Community investing grew almost 5% from 2012 to 2014. Assets held and invested locally by

5067: 5023: 4938: 4853: 4809: 3471: 116: 6550:"ESG ratings are not perfect, but can be a valuable tool for asset managers - KPMG China" 5891:

social investors are growing throughout developed and developing countries. In 2006, the

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investment criteria i.e. investing into companies involved in promoting sustainability.

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The first sell-side brokerage in the world to offer SRI research was the Brazilian bank

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Any investment strategy combining both financial performance and social/ethical impact.

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are two examples of dedicated ESG ratings agencies, while global credit agencies like

10395: 10240: 9612: 9577: 9462: 9437: 9400: 9365: 9208: 8933: 8918: 8913: 8898: 8719: 8673: 8431: 8246:

Moskowitz Prize -Quantitative Research in the field of Socially Responsible Investing

8224: 7429: 7355: 7233: 7181: 6844: 6260: 6255: 6225: 6052: 6044: 5976: 5766: 5654: 425: 327: 308: 300: 80: 17: 10220: 9834: 9663: 9608: 9415: 9181: 8579: 8338: 8180: 8163: 7775:"Sustainable investments hit record highs in 2020—and they're earning good returns" 7681: 7248:"First-ever Typology Helps Investors Navigate Varied Approaches to ESG Integration" 7140:"US SIF: The Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment: Community Investing" 6971: 6290: 6140: 5849: 5824: 5752: 5665: 5653:

Regulations governing shareholder resolutions vary from country to country. In the

304: 272: 261: 108: 7668: 7460: 6646: 6171:

A more recent study showed that "improvements in CSR reputation enhance profits".

382: 6399: 5811:

and the environment through stock selection – without sacrificing

9844: 9799: 9637: 9395: 8764: 8759: 8724: 8587: 6626: 6196: 437: 312: 288: 268: 224:. During this time, socially concerned investors increasingly sought to address 182: 140: 132: 96: 7702: 408:

strategies to promote workplace equity and general welfare of women and girls.

10184: 9968: 9502: 9472: 9380: 9370: 8923: 8908: 8734: 8714: 8216: 7295:"Socially Responsible Investing Top 10 Frequently Asked Questions and Answers" 6202: 6178: 6160: 6136: 3841: 148: 58: 39: 8189: 7468: 7173: 6508: 5733:

Research: What ESG criteria and factors are being considered in the analysis?

260:

dropped on her village. That photograph channeled particular outrage against

10270: 10194: 10084: 10079: 9998: 9993: 9874: 9192: 9138: 8592: 7905: 6520: 6335: 5330: 186: 124: 7750:"A Broken Record: Flows for U.S. Sustainable Funds Again Reach New Heights" 7018:. Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility. 2004-02-03. Archived from 5803:

investment approach allows investors to positively express their values on

5730:

Management: Who is responsible for ESG integration within the organization?

7139: 6627:"The Investment FAQ — Strategy — Socially Responsible Investing" 6182: 6051:, alongside other institutions such as Big Issue Invest, which is part of 256:, screaming and running towards a photographer, her back burning from the 10245: 10235: 8985: 8250: 7347: 6942: 6605: 5987:

According to the Responsible Investment Association Australasia's annual

5979:

are also seeing the value to adding ESG ratings to their data offerings.

3967: 378: 374: 206: 163:

The origins of socially responsible investing (SRI) may date back to the

128: 61: 9296: 8110: 8021: 7567: 6003: 5920: 8958: 7411: 5972: 343: 214: 120: 7420: 6994:"Socially Responsible Mutual Fund Charts: Fund Profiles – Russel 3000" 5206: 4431: 10013: 9884: 8622: 7215: 5932: 5879: 5684:

political contributions and climate change and environmental issues.

5677: 474: 390: 365:

In 1989, representatives from the SRI industry gathered at the first

297:

The North will Rise Again: Pensions, Politics, and Power in the 1980s

257: 210: 190: 136: 7725:"Sustainable fund assets hit record $ 1.7 trln in 2020: Morningstar" 6691:

Socially Responsible Investment Law: Regulating the Unseen Polluters

6131:

instead. Two of the pioneer studies compared the performance of the

6114:

to compare performance), others used multifactor models such as the

5770:

portfolio after six months of financial analysis and deliberations.

3971: 1237: 322:. International opposition to apartheid strengthened after the 1960 220:

The modern era of socially responsible investing evolved during the

1025: 315:

advocated some type of social orientation for pension investments.

10161: 9447: 8255: 8079: 7940:"First Investment of Dwight Hall at Yale SRI Fund (press release)" 6819:"Ethical Guidelines for the Government Pension Fund — Global" 6724: 6048: 38: 8273: 8162:

Belghitar, Yacine; Clark, Ephraim; Deshmukh, Nitin (2014-10-01).

6745: 3729: 3345: 2804: 9849: 8267: 6867:"Ethical Investment Blog: Liverpool Council Disinvests from BAE" 6467:

Finally, socially responsible investors can measure their impact

5870: 5815:

or long-term performance. Positive screening pushes the idea of

5736:

Application: How are the ESG criteria being applied in practice?

979: 9715: 9300: 8277: 5940: 3347: 10146: 7837:"Ethical Investment: What it is and how it works (or doesn't)" 5904: 3642: 6669:

New Directions in the Investment and Control of Pension Funds

5160: 5114: 6671:. DC: Investor Responsibility Research Center, 1983. p.36-37 6014:

The Responsible Investment Association Australasia's annual

4685: 4639: 4593: 4547: 809:

AHA Limited Maturity Fixed Income Fund – Institutional Class

155:

an aggregate score to each company or project being rated.

30:"Social investment" redirects here. Not to be confused with 5924: 7824:

Credit Ratings Agencies Join The Battle for ESG Supremacy.

6781:"With an Eye to Impact, Investing Through a 'Gender Lens'" 5937:

Dutch Association of Investors for Sustainable Development

5936: 1663: 1617: 1571: 1525: 1482: 1439: 1396: 1353: 8240: 7800:"ESG Reports and Ratings: What they are, why they matter" 7099:"US Sustainable, Responsible and Impact Investing Trends" 5908: 727:

AHA Full Maturity Fixed Income Fund – Institutional Class

8164:"Does it pay to be ethical? Evidence from the FTSE4Good" 6016:

Responsible Investment Benchmark Report New Zealand 2020

6010:

Responsible, ethical and impact investing in New Zealand

5928: 3217: 2966: 2920: 9163:

UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)

6703: 295:. In 1978, SRI efforts by pension funds was spurred by 5989:

Responsible Investment Benchmark Report Australia 2020

5983:

Responsible, ethical and impact investing in Australia

5751:

The longest-running SRI index, the Domini 400—now the

236:. Economic development projects started or managed by 6704:"Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies" 486: 181:

One of the most articulate early adopters of SRI was

95:

In general, socially responsible investors encourage

6401:

Socially Responsible Investment: A Global Revolution

5912: 1153: 10203: 10160: 10134: 10032: 9942: 9756: 9646: 9591: 9550: 9486: 9334: 9152: 9089: 8861: 8788: 8697: 8649: 8621: 8578: 8532: 8499: 8372: 8329: 8139: 8137: 7012:"185 Religious / Social Investor Proxy Resolutions" 6578:Sherwood, Matthew W.; Pollard, Julia (2023-05-15). 6454:

With Impact Investing, a Focus on More Than Returns

5664:These regulatory regimes require pension plans and 3430:

Epiphany Faith and Family Values 100 Fund – N Class

3389:

Epiphany Faith and Family Values 100 Fund – C Class

303:and Randy Barber. By 1980, presidential candidates 7545:"Advocacy Investing – Catnip for Wealthy Clients?" 275:monies for targeted investments. For example, the 7723:Jessop, Simon; Howcroft, Elizabeth (2021-01-28). 7682:Impact Investment, the Invisible Heart of Markets 6907: 6905: 6606:"The Evolution of Socially Responsible Investing" 5913:UK Sustainable Investment and Finance Association 645:AHA Diversified Equity Fund – Institutional Class 299:and the subsequent organizing efforts of authors 7616:"Does Social Impact Demand Financial Sacrifice?" 6073:Dwight Hall Socially Responsible Investment Fund 5929:Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment 850:AHA Limited Maturity Fixed Income Fund – N Class 10261:Environmental, social, and corporate governance 9426:Qualifying investor alternative investment fund 7443:Chen, Simin; Song, Yu; Gao, Peng (2023-11-01). 6845:"CAAT Campaigns - Clean Investment launch 2007" 6481:"Want to Make a Difference? Invest Responsibly" 377:. The service was launched in January 2001 by 285:International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 9187:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 6266:Environmental, social and corporate governance 5921:Responsible Investment Association Australasia 471:environmental, social and corporate governance 46:is one of many forms of sustainable investing. 9727: 9312: 8289: 7669:Investing for Social and Environmental Impact 5674:Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility 768:AHA Full Maturity Fixed Income Fund – N Class 386:clients. The service lasted until mid-2002. 279:fund invested in medical facilities, and the 174:prohibited members from participating in the 8: 9386:Labour-sponsored venture capital corporation 8251:Socially Responsible Investing at Appropedia 7863:"Ethical investment can be a risky business" 7826:Financial Times. Retrieved 26 January 2021. 7641:"Introducing the Impact Investing Benchmark" 7162:International Journal of Sustainable Economy 6939:"Voyageur – About Access Capital Strategies" 5698:community development financial institutions 5248:Sentinel Sustainable Emerging Companies Fund 3926:Merrion Stockbrokers Social Awareness Fund C 429:outstanding endorsement of such policies is 357:a significant business and investment risk. 281:International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union 7400:International Journal of Management Reviews 7067:"ICCR Advocate eNewsletter – February 2007" 6962: 6960: 6036:different approach to running their funds. 5871:Community Development Financial Institution 3344:Faith and Family Values 100 Fund – A Class 2554:Calvert Social Investment Enhanced Equity C 2513:Calvert Social Investment Enhanced Equity B 2472:Calvert Social Investment Enhanced Equity A 9734: 9720: 9712: 9698: 9319: 9305: 9297: 9258: 8296: 8282: 8274: 7274:"Sustainability Synonym and ESG Investing" 7225:10398/169d3c76-e96f-489e-a353-967745d90e62 6427:Socially Responsible Investing for Dummies 4982:Pax World Value Fund – Institutional Class 9198:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) 8179: 7906:http://www.eiris.org/news/statistics.html 7419: 7223: 6869:. Ethicalinvestmentedinburgh.blogspot.com 6865:EthicalInvestmentedinburgh (2007-11-09). 6166:marginal conditional stochastic dominance 6067:In 2007, the Dwight Hall organization at 5949:Global Sustainable Investment Review 2018 5070:Women's Equity Fund – Institutional Class 5026:Women's Equity Fund – Individual Investor 440:, partially due to a campaign run by the 9226:UN Conference on Sustainable Development 8241:UN Principles for Responsible Investment 7667:G8 Social Impact Investment Task Force, 6122:Comparing stock market index performance 6092:Comparing portfolio and fund performance 318:SRI had an important role in ending the 10095:Pollutant release and transfer register 7318: 7316: 7314: 6515:, London: Routledge, pp. 135–187, 6387: 6348: 5657:, they are determined primarily by the 381:SRI analyst Christopher Wells from the 8796:Corporate environmental responsibility 7380: 7369: 6083:Comparison with conventional investing 5905:Global Sustainable Investment Alliance 3885:Legg Mason Prt Social Awareness Fund B 9880:Principles for Responsible Investment 8111:https://doi.org/10.1007/s1-013-1893-x 8022:https://doi.org/10.1007/s1-013-1741-z 7482:Carther, Shauna (18 September 2009). 7325:"SRI Plows the Path to Profitability" 7204:Business Strategy and the Environment 6915:§§2:122 – 2:124 (Thomson West, 2014). 5909:European Sustainable Investment Forum 5897:Principles for Responsible Investment 5462:WVH Ethical Inc. Social Balanced Fund 5289:SPDR Gender Diversity Index ETF (SHE) 1524:Calvert Conservative Allocation Fund 686:AHA Diversified Equity Fund – N Class 431:The Government Pension Fund of Norway 7: 10369: 9169:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983) 7919:"College Students Drive SRI Efforts" 7861:Denham, Annabel (11 November 2012). 7595:"Sustainable Investing Performance?" 6746:"Sudan Divestment Task Force - Home" 6393: 6391: 5893:United Nations Environment Programme 5724:environmental, social and governance 5205:Sustainable Core Opportunities Fund 2759:Calvert World Values International C 2718:Calvert World Values International A 2390:Calvert Social Investment Balanced C 2349:Calvert Social Investment Balanced A 424:Government-controlled funds such as 320:apartheid government in South Africa 222:socio-political climate of the 1960s 185:(1703–1791), one of the founders of 99:practices that they believe promote 70:environmental, social and governance 7904:EIRIS | Key facts & statistics 7505:Hedge Funds and Other Private Funds 7484:"Socially Responsible Mutual Funds" 7449:Journal of Environmental Management 6110:. While some studies used only the 5544:WVH Ethical Inc. Green Growth Fund 5503:WVH Ethical Inc. Social Equity Fund 604:Balanced Fund – Institutional Class 10059:Environmental full-cost accounting 8811:Environmental full-cost accounting 7041:Regulation of Investment Companies 6926:Regulation of Investment Companies 6779:Sullivan, Paul (August 14, 2015). 5941:Japan Sustainable Investment Forum 5925:Responsible Investment Association 5670:Council of Institutional Investors 5659:Securities and Exchange Commission 3090:Domini Institutional Social Equity 2677:Calvert Social Investment Equity I 2636:Calvert Social Investment Equity C 2595:Calvert Social Investment Equity A 25: 8745:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity 7917:Jerilyn Klein Bier (2010-12-01). 7520:§§2:94–2:96 (Thomson West, 2014). 7323:Wine, Elisabeth (1 August 2009). 7195:Avetisyan & Hockerts (2017). 6806:Regulation of Investment Advisers 6507:Hardyment, Richard (2024-02-02), 6441:Regulation of Investment Advisers 4177:Praxis International Index Fund I 4136:Praxis International Index Fund A 2965:European PacAsia Social Equity I 2919:European PacAsia Social Equity A 1662:International Opportunities Fund 1570:Global Alternative Energy Fund A 935:AHA Socially Responsible Equity N 10368: 10359: 10358: 10348: 9933: 9840:Extended producer responsibility 9697: 9690: 9689: 9257: 9246: 9245: 9215:UN Millennium Declaration (2000) 8168:Journal of Banking & Finance 7885:"Impact Investing Trends Report" 7327:. On Wall Street. Archived from 6769:(Oxford University Press, 2004). 6693:(Oxford University Press, 2008). 6209: 6195: 6181: 6157:Dow Jones Sustainability Indices 5419:Vanguard FTSE Social Index Fund 4941:Value Fund – Individual Investor 2431:Calvert Social Investment Bond A 1910:Calvert Moderate Allocation Fund 330:(at the time a board member for 10402:Corporate social responsibility 10049:Eco-Management and Audit Scheme 8801:Corporate social responsibility 8730:Ocean thermal energy conversion 8669:Community-supported agriculture 8354:Human impact on the environment 8080:http://ssrn.com/abstract=416380 7773:Adamczyk, Alicia (2021-02-11). 7547:. Overland Park: Registered Rep 6398:Sparkes, Russell (2003-03-14). 6246:Climate-related asset stranding 6241:Corporate social responsibility 3515:Gabelli SRI Green Fund Inc AAA 3049:Domini European Social Equity I 3008:Domini European Social Equity A 1481:Calvert Capital Accumulation C 1438:Calvert Capital Accumulation B 1395:Calvert Capital Accumulation A 178:—buying and/or selling humans. 167:(Quakers). In 1758, the Quaker 10321:Socially responsible marketing 10316:Socially responsible investing 9523:Socially responsible investing 9453:Split capital investment trust 9041:Socially responsible marketing 8181:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.06.027 7748:Hale, Jon (January 28, 2021). 7503:Lemke, Lins, Hoenig and Rube, 6116:Fama–French three-factor model 3172:Domini PacAsia Social Equity I 3131:Domini PacAsia Social Equity A 2033:Calvert New Vision Small Cap C 1992:Calvert New Vision Small Cap B 1951:Calvert New Vision Small Cap A 250:Concerns about the Vietnam War 51:Socially responsible investing 1: 10311:Socially responsible business 9411:Open-ended investment company 9232:Sustainable Development Goals 9036:Socially responsible business 7798:Huber, Betty (27 July 2017). 7461:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118829 6928:§5.02 (Matthew Bender, 2014). 6479:Domini, Amy (14 March 2011). 5869:example, money invested in a 4259:Praxis Small Cap Index Fund I 4218:Praxis Small Cap Index Fund A 894:Socially Responsible Equity I 398:SRI in the Rockies Conference 367:SRI in the Rockies Conference 10256:Environmental pricing reform 9787:environmental responsibility 9669:Returns-based style analysis 9432:Real estate investment trust 7543:Lewis, Geoff (1 June 2005). 6968:"The Gabelli SRI Green Fund" 6808:§2:158 (Thomson West, 2014). 6556:. 2020-10-07. Archived from 6027:Ethical investment in the UK 5709:Investing in capital markets 5376:Total Return Utilities Fund 3597:Gabelli SRI Green Fund Inc I 3556:Gabelli SRI Green Fund Inc C 2144:Calvert Small Cap Value Fund 402:equal opportunity employment 267:During the 1950s and 1960s, 165:Religious Society of Friends 10407:Economy and the environment 10286:Market governance mechanism 10142:Global Reporting Initiative 10112:standards and certification 10019:Social return on investment 9604:Efficient-market hypothesis 9061:Sustainability organization 8846:Standards and certification 8437:Social return on investment 8205:Corporate Reputation Review 7965:The University of Edinburgh 7566:Wells, Angela (July 2004). 7507:§6:43 (Thomson West, 2014). 7276:. Sustainable Finance Daily 6443:§2:158 (Thomson West, 2014) 6145:capital asset pricing model 6112:capital asset pricing model 5633:Separately managed accounts 3844:Prt Social Awareness Fund A 1352:Aggressive Allocation Fund 442:Campaign Against Arms Trade 420:Government-controlled funds 10438: 10226:Community interest company 10170:Community-based monitoring 10004:Genuine progress indicator 9443:Short-term investment fund 8486:Systemic change resistance 4013:Praxis Growth Index Fund I 1869:Calvert Mid Cap Value Fund 1828:Calvert Large Cap Growth I 1787:Calvert Large Cap Growth C 1746:Calvert Large Cap Growth B 1705:Calvert Large Cap Growth A 1195:Azzad Ethical Mid Cap Fund 203:harm the health of workers 29: 10344: 10251:Environmental degradation 10100:Sustainability accounting 9964:Ethical positioning index 9931: 9687: 9391:Listed investment company 9360:Fonds commun de placement 9241: 8664:Climate-smart agriculture 8311: 8217:10.1057/s41299-018-0051-x 7942:. Csrwire.com. 2010-03-08 7695:"PRI AR 2016 | PRI at 10" 6689:Richardson, Benjamin J., 6649:Student Power Crushes Dow 6404:. John Wiley & Sons. 6099:Carhart four-factor model 5819:, not just in the narrow 5813:portfolio diversification 4341:Praxis Value Index Fund I 4300:Praxis Value Index Fund A 4095:Praxis Impact Bond Fund I 4054:Praxis Impact Bond Fund A 560:Community Investment Fund 558:Access Capital Strategies 342:imposed a mandatory arms 101:environmental stewardship 88:) is SRI with a focus on 10281:Health impact assessment 10152:Sustainability reporting 10121:Toxics Release Inventory 9915:Transparency (behavioral 9890:Social impact assessment 9779:Corporate accountability 9599:Arbitrage pricing theory 8806:Environmental accounting 8555:Sustainable architecture 8545:Environmental technology 7961:"Responsible investment" 7841:Corporate Watch Magazine 7518:ERISA for Money Managers 7174:10.1504/IJSE.2010.035490 7054:ERISA for Money Managers 6913:ERISA for Money Managers 6891:. Edinburghgreens.org.uk 6584:. Taylor & Francis. 5790:A less vocal subtype of 4727:Parnassus Small Cap Fund 271:deployed multi-employer 64:which seeks to consider 32:Social investment theory 10336:Supply chain management 10276:Global justice movement 10075:profit-and-loss account 9674:Traditional investments 9659:Commodity pool operator 9633:Noisy market hypothesis 9628:Modern portfolio theory 9478:Unitised insurance fund 9406:Open-ended fund company 9348:Common contractual fund 8679:Sustainable agriculture 8260:The World Bank (2010), 7039:Lemke, Lins and Smith, 6924:Lemke, Lins and Smith, 6521:10.4324/9781003457732-4 6513:Measuring Good Business 6321:Sustainable development 6251:Development impact bond 6133:Domini 400 Social Index 4768:Parnassus Endeavor Fund 3728:Growth and Income Fund 293:shareholder resolutions 111:, and racial or gender 10301:SDG Publishers Compact 10063:Environmental conflict 9870:Organizational justice 9654:Alternative investment 9568:Institutional investor 9222:(Rio+10, Johannesburg) 9091:Sustainable management 9076:Urban drainage systems 8816:Environmental planning 8780:Water recycling shower 8770:Tidal stream generator 8565:Sustainable industries 8524:Sustainable population 8509:Demographic transition 8491:Tragedy of the commons 7699:annualreport.unpri.org 7379:Cite journal requires 7043:(Matthew Bender, 2014) 6276:Fossil fuel divestment 6155:, Citizen's Index and 6147:were used to estimate 5786:Shareholder engagement 3300:Domini Social Equity I 3259:Domini Social Equity A 2308:Calvert Social Index I 2267:Calvert Social Index C 2226:Calvert Social Index B 2185:Calvert Social Index A 1236:Brighter Student Fund 454:Edinburgh City Council 446:Liverpool City Council 242:Montgomery bus boycott 47: 10417:Investment management 10291:Product certification 10090:Life-cycle assessment 10009:Performance indicator 9900:Social responsibility 9865:Organizational ethics 9795:social responsibility 9468:Unit investment trust 9328:Investment management 9114:Humanistic capitalism 8929:Environmental finance 8570:Sustainable packaging 7056:(Thomson West, 2014). 6748:. Sudandivestment.org 6655:May 14, 2007, at the 6429:. Wiley. p. 196. 6331:Terror-free investing 6316:Social responsibility 6236:Community wind energy 5648:faith-based investors 4429:New Alternatives Fund 2803:Qualified Investment 464:Mutual funds and ETFs 406:gender lens investing 355:global climate change 246:Operation Breadbasket 42: 18:Faith-Based Investing 10296:Public participation 10231:Conflict of interest 9821:inequality in the UK 9813:in the United States 9805:Environmental racism 9458:Tax transparent fund 9354:Exchange-traded fund 9081:Urban infrastructure 8775:Water heat recycling 8598:Conservation biology 8442:Steady-state economy 8417:Micro-sustainability 8402:Ecological footprint 8359:Planetary boundaries 7348:10.2139/ssrn.1089827 6727:. SRI in the Rockies 6647:Students for Bhopal 6469:, September 24, 2011 6296:Philanthrocapitalism 6281:Integrated reporting 6217:United States portal 6153:Calvert Social Index 6129:stock market indices 5963:ESG ratings agencies 5860:Community investment 5792:shareholder activism 5779:Shareholder activism 5774:Shareholder activism 5704:Investing strategies 5642:Shareholder advocacy 4897:Pax World High Yield 4638:Income Fixed Income 4532:Community Investment 4527:Employment/ Equality 3970:Growth Index Fund A 3830:Community Investment 3825:Employment/ Equality 3684:Green Century Equity 3474:SRI Green Fund Inc A 2905:Community Investment 2900:Employment/ Equality 2133:Community Investment 2128:Employment/ Equality 1338:Community Investment 1333:Employment/ Equality 1152:Ethical Income Fund 546:Community Investment 541:Employment/ Equality 450:Scottish Green Party 326:. In 1971, Reverend 324:Sharpeville massacre 10266:Ethical consumerism 10216:Benefit corporation 10108:metrics and indices 9910:Sullivan principles 9825:injustice in Europe 9513:Manager of managers 9421:Private-equity fund 9182:Earth Summit (1992) 8836:Metrics and indices 8689:Sustainable fishery 8608:Holocene extinction 8427:Product stewardship 8397:Earth Overshoot Day 7680:Monitor Institute, 7116:"Social investment" 6887:Greens, Edinburgh. 6825:on 3 September 2007 6765:Jackson, Kevin T., 6706:. Ceres. 2013-06-25 6486:The Huffington Post 6326:Sustainable finance 6159:US Index) with the 6063:In higher education 6004:Responsible Returns 5688:Community investing 456:was blocked by the 336:Sullivan Principles 277:United Mine Workers 199:chemical production 105:consumer protection 10412:Ethical investment 10354:Environment portal 10126:Triple bottom line 10054:Emission inventory 9959:Double bottom line 9905:Stakeholder theory 9623:Martingale pricing 9533:Thematic investing 9498:passive management 8641:Sustainable energy 8603:Endangered species 8560:Sustainable design 8474:Consumer behaviour 8268:Invest with Values 7804:Harvard Law School 7486:. Investopedia.com 7412:10.1111/ijmr.12157 6945:on January 6, 2009 6785:The New York Times 6509:"Good measurement" 6311:Social impact bond 6301:Sharia investments 5927:(RIA Canada), the 5834:impact investments 5805:corporate behavior 5798:Positive investing 5746:Negative screening 5741:Negative screening 4507:Products/ Services 4385:Socially Resp Inv 3805:Products/ Services 2880:Products/ Services 2108:Products/ Services 1616:Global Water Fund 1313:Products/ Services 1024:Appreciation Fund 521:Products/ Services 412:Current strategies 238:Martin Luther King 226:equality for women 143:production or the 48: 44:Sustainable energy 10389: 10388: 10306:Social enterprise 10211:Bangladesh Accord 10071:management system 10067:impact assessment 10044:Carbon accounting 9974:Impact assessment 9925:UN Global Compact 9817:in Western Europe 9769:Aarhus Convention 9709: 9708: 9487:Investment styles 9294: 9293: 9220:Earth Summit 2002 9203:Lisbon Principles 9175:Our Common Future 8853:Sustainable yield 8659:Civic agriculture 8412:Green consumption 8349:Global governance 7684:, September 2014. 7120:www.cafonline.org 7022:on March 30, 2012 7000:on July 23, 2012. 6591:978-1-000-87365-8 6530:978-1-003-45773-2 6465:Bradley, Theresa 6411:978-0-470-85658-1 5630: 5629: 4546:Core Equity Fund 458:Liberal Democrats 254:Phan Thị Kim Phúc 16:(Redirected from 10429: 10372: 10371: 10362: 10361: 10352: 9937: 9855:Little Eichmanns 9736: 9729: 9722: 9713: 9701: 9700: 9693: 9692: 9542:growth investing 9508:Impact investing 9376:Investment trust 9321: 9314: 9307: 9298: 9261: 9260: 9249: 9248: 9193:Agenda 21 (1992) 9164: 9129:Natural resource 9016:Organic movement 8991:Impact investing 8710:Hydroelectricity 8684:Sustainable diet 8636:Renewable energy 8631:Carbon footprint 8613:Invasive species 8550:Natural building 8501:World population 8462:Marketing myopia 8422:Over-consumption 8392:Circular economy 8387:Anti-consumerism 8344:Environmentalism 8298: 8291: 8284: 8275: 8229: 8228: 8200: 8194: 8193: 8183: 8159: 8153: 8150: 8144: 8141: 8132: 8129: 8123: 8120: 8114: 8107: 8101: 8098: 8092: 8089: 8083: 8076: 8070: 8067: 8061: 8058: 8052: 8049: 8043: 8040: 8034: 8031: 8025: 8018: 8012: 8009: 8003: 8000: 7994: 7991: 7985: 7982: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7972: 7957: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7947: 7936: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7926: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7895: 7889: 7881: 7875: 7874: 7872: 7870: 7858: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7833: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7760: 7745: 7739: 7738: 7736: 7735: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7710: 7701:. Archived from 7691: 7685: 7678: 7672: 7665: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7645: 7637: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7612: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7593:Morgan Stanley. 7590: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7579: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7540: 7534: 7527: 7521: 7516:Lemke and Lins, 7514: 7508: 7501: 7495: 7494: 7492: 7491: 7479: 7473: 7472: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7423: 7395: 7389: 7388: 7382: 7377: 7375: 7367: 7339: 7333: 7332: 7331:on 19 July 2011. 7320: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7305: 7299: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7281: 7270: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7227: 7216:10.1002/bse.1919 7201: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7148: 7147: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7112: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7079:on June 14, 2007 7078: 7072:. Archived from 7071: 7063: 7057: 7052:Lemke and Lins, 7050: 7044: 7037: 7031: 7030: 7028: 7027: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6996:. Archived from 6990: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6974:on June 15, 2009 6970:. Archived from 6964: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6950: 6941:. Archived from 6935: 6929: 6922: 6916: 6911:Lemke and Lins, 6909: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6821:. Archived from 6815: 6809: 6804:Lemke and Lins, 6802: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6776: 6770: 6763: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6753: 6742: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6700: 6694: 6687: 6681: 6678: 6672: 6665: 6659: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6538: 6537: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6476: 6470: 6463: 6457: 6456:, April 23, 2010 6450: 6444: 6439:Lemke and Lins, 6437: 6431: 6430: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6395: 6376: 6353: 6286:Impact investing 6219: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6205: 6200: 6199: 6191: 6186: 6185: 5845:Impact investing 5840:Impact investing 4497:Defense/ Weapons 4383:Neuberger Berman 3795:Defense/ Weapons 2870:Defense/ Weapons 2098:Defense/ Weapons 1303:Defense/ Weapons 1067:Ariel Focus Fund 511:Defense/ Weapons 487: 90:environmentalism 75:Impact investing 66:financial return 21: 10437: 10436: 10432: 10431: 10430: 10428: 10427: 10426: 10392: 10391: 10390: 10385: 10340: 10199: 10156: 10130: 10035: 10028: 10024:Whole-life cost 9954:Corporate crime 9945: 9938: 9929: 9860:Loss and damage 9830:Ethical banking 9774:Climate justice 9761: 9752: 9740: 9710: 9705: 9683: 9642: 9587: 9583:Performance fee 9573:Net asset value 9563:Fund governance 9558:Closed-end fund 9546: 9482: 9339: 9337: 9330: 9325: 9295: 9290: 9237: 9162: 9154: 9153:Agreements and 9148: 9085: 8889:Climate finance 8857: 8784: 8740:Reclaimed water 8693: 8645: 8617: 8574: 8528: 8514:Family planning 8495: 8368: 8325: 8307: 8302: 8237: 8232: 8202: 8201: 8197: 8161: 8160: 8156: 8151: 8147: 8142: 8135: 8130: 8126: 8121: 8117: 8108: 8104: 8099: 8095: 8090: 8086: 8077: 8073: 8068: 8064: 8059: 8055: 8050: 8046: 8041: 8037: 8032: 8028: 8019: 8015: 8010: 8006: 8001: 7997: 7992: 7988: 7983: 7979: 7970: 7968: 7959: 7958: 7954: 7945: 7943: 7938: 7937: 7933: 7924: 7922: 7916: 7915: 7911: 7903: 7899: 7887: 7883: 7882: 7878: 7868: 7866: 7860: 7859: 7855: 7845: 7843: 7835: 7834: 7830: 7822: 7818: 7808: 7806: 7797: 7796: 7792: 7783: 7781: 7772: 7771: 7767: 7758: 7756: 7754:Morningstar.com 7747: 7746: 7742: 7733: 7731: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7708: 7706: 7693: 7692: 7688: 7679: 7675: 7671:, January 2009. 7666: 7662: 7652: 7650: 7643: 7639: 7638: 7634: 7624: 7622: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7599: 7597: 7592: 7591: 7587: 7577: 7575: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7542: 7541: 7537: 7531:Fondation Guilé 7528: 7524: 7515: 7511: 7502: 7498: 7489: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7476: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7397: 7396: 7392: 7378: 7368: 7341: 7340: 7336: 7322: 7321: 7312: 7303: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7292: 7288: 7279: 7277: 7272: 7271: 7267: 7257: 7255: 7254:. 25 April 2017 7246: 7245: 7241: 7199: 7194: 7193: 7189: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7145: 7143: 7138: 7137: 7133: 7124: 7122: 7114: 7113: 7109: 7104:. US SIF. 2014. 7101: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7076: 7069: 7065: 7064: 7060: 7051: 7047: 7038: 7034: 7025: 7023: 7010: 7009: 7005: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6977: 6975: 6966: 6965: 6958: 6948: 6946: 6937: 6936: 6932: 6923: 6919: 6910: 6903: 6894: 6892: 6886: 6885: 6881: 6872: 6870: 6864: 6863: 6859: 6850: 6848: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6817: 6816: 6812: 6803: 6799: 6789: 6787: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6764: 6760: 6751: 6749: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6730: 6728: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6709: 6707: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6688: 6684: 6680:Gray 1983, p.34 6679: 6675: 6666: 6662: 6657:Wayback Machine 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6592: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6563: 6561: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6535: 6533: 6531: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6491: 6489: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6464: 6460: 6452:Sullivan, Paul 6451: 6447: 6438: 6434: 6425:C. Logue, Ann. 6424: 6423: 6419: 6412: 6397: 6396: 6389: 6385: 6380: 6379: 6354: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6271:Ethical banking 6231:Business ethics 6215: 6210: 6208: 6201: 6194: 6189:Business portal 6187: 6180: 6177: 6124: 6094: 6085: 6069:Yale University 6065: 6029: 6012: 5985: 5965: 5888: 5862: 5854:venture capital 5842: 5807:issues such as 5800: 5788: 5776: 5764: 5743: 5720: 5718:ESG integration 5711: 5706: 5690: 5644: 5635: 4522:Labor Relations 3820:Labor Relations 2895:Labor Relations 2123:Labor Relations 1328:Labor Relations 536:Labor Relations 466: 422: 414: 161: 86:green investing 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10435: 10433: 10425: 10424: 10422:Social finance 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10394: 10393: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10383: 10378: 10366: 10356: 10345: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10338: 10333: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10207: 10205: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10197: 10192: 10182: 10172: 10166: 10164: 10158: 10157: 10155: 10154: 10149: 10147:GxP guidelines 10144: 10138: 10136: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10040: 10038: 10030: 10029: 10027: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9985: 9980: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9950: 9948: 9940: 9939: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9895:Social justice 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9802: 9797: 9791:responsibility 9776: 9771: 9765: 9763: 9754: 9753: 9750:accountability 9741: 9739: 9738: 9731: 9724: 9716: 9707: 9706: 9688: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9650: 9648: 9647:Related topics 9644: 9643: 9641: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9606: 9601: 9595: 9593: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9554: 9552: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9544: 9535: 9530: 9528:Social trading 9525: 9520: 9518:Social finance 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9490: 9488: 9484: 9483: 9481: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9429: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9357: 9351: 9344: 9342: 9332: 9331: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9316: 9309: 9301: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9288: 9281: 9274: 9267: 9255: 9242: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9235: 9229: 9228:(Rio+20, 2012) 9223: 9217: 9212: 9206: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9184: 9179: 9171: 9166: 9158: 9156: 9150: 9149: 9147: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9126: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9101: 9095: 9093: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8982: 8981: 8976: 8974:Infrastructure 8971: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8904:Eco-capitalism 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8865: 8863: 8859: 8858: 8856: 8855: 8850: 8849: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8821:Sustainability 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8792: 8790: 8789:Accountability 8786: 8785: 8783: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8701: 8699: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8655: 8653: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8627: 8625: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8584: 8582: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8536: 8534: 8530: 8529: 8527: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8505: 8503: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8482: 8481: 8476: 8466: 8465: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8447:Sustainability 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8382:Anthropization 8378: 8376: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8335: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8323: 8318: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8305:Sustainability 8303: 8301: 8300: 8293: 8286: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8265: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8236: 8235:External links 8233: 8231: 8230: 8211:(4): 153–164. 8195: 8154: 8145: 8133: 8124: 8115: 8102: 8093: 8084: 8071: 8062: 8053: 8044: 8035: 8026: 8013: 8004: 7995: 7986: 7977: 7952: 7931: 7909: 7897: 7876: 7853: 7828: 7816: 7790: 7765: 7740: 7715: 7686: 7673: 7660: 7632: 7607: 7585: 7558: 7535: 7522: 7509: 7496: 7474: 7435: 7406:(2): 606–626. 7390: 7381:|journal= 7334: 7310: 7286: 7265: 7252:IRRC institute 7239: 7210:(3): 316–330. 7187: 7168:(4): 442–461. 7152: 7131: 7107: 7090: 7058: 7045: 7032: 7003: 6985: 6956: 6930: 6917: 6901: 6879: 6857: 6836: 6810: 6797: 6771: 6758: 6737: 6716: 6695: 6682: 6673: 6667:Gray, Hillel. 6660: 6639: 6618: 6597: 6590: 6570: 6541: 6529: 6499: 6471: 6458: 6445: 6432: 6417: 6410: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6306:Social finance 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6206: 6192: 6176: 6173: 6149:Jensen's alpha 6123: 6120: 6093: 6090: 6084: 6081: 6064: 6061: 6028: 6025: 6011: 6008: 5984: 5981: 5977:S&P Global 5969:Sustainalytics 5964: 5961: 5887: 5886:Global context 5884: 5861: 5858: 5841: 5838: 5829:Morgan Stanley 5817:sustainability 5809:social justice 5799: 5796: 5787: 5784: 5775: 5772: 5763: 5760: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5719: 5716: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5689: 5686: 5643: 5640: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5550: 5547: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5469: 5466: 5463: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5443: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5385: 5382: 5379: 5370: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5351: 5348: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5267: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5245: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5199: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5159:Institutional 5153: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5064: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4935: 4934: 4931: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4894: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4850: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4813: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4731: 4728: 4724: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4641: 4632: 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4502:Animal Testing 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4252: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4099: 4096: 4092: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4067: 4064: 4061: 4058: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3923: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3845: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3800:Animal Testing 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3768: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3722: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3005: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2913: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2875:Animal Testing 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2797: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2103:Animal Testing 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2071: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1564: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1308:Animal Testing 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 977:Appleseed Fund 973: 972: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 932: 931: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 913: 910: 907: 904: 901: 898: 895: 888: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 851: 847: 846: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 810: 806: 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 765: 764: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 731: 728: 724: 723: 720: 717: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 683: 682: 679: 676: 673: 670: 667: 664: 661: 658: 655: 652: 649: 646: 642: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 626: 623: 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 605: 598: 597: 594: 591: 588: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 554: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 516:Animal Testing 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 485: 484: 465: 462: 421: 418: 413: 410: 340:United Nations 332:General Motors 240:, such as the 172:Yearly Meeting 160: 157: 72:(ESG) topics. 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10434: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10399: 10397: 10382: 10381:Organizations 10379: 10377: 10376: 10367: 10365: 10357: 10355: 10351: 10347: 10346: 10343: 10337: 10334: 10331: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10241:Disinvestment 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10202: 10196: 10193: 10190: 10189:certification 10186: 10183: 10180: 10179:certification 10176: 10175:Environmental 10173: 10171: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10139: 10137: 10133: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10034:Environmental 10031: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9978:environmental 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9951: 9949: 9947: 9941: 9936: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9784: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9748: 9747:environmental 9744: 9737: 9732: 9730: 9725: 9723: 9718: 9717: 9714: 9704: 9696: 9686: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9645: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9618: 9614: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9590: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9578:Open-end fund 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9543: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9489: 9485: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9463:Umbrella fund 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9438:Royalty trust 9436: 9433: 9430: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9401:Offshore fund 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9366:Fund of funds 9364: 9361: 9358: 9355: 9352: 9349: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9333: 9329: 9322: 9317: 9315: 9310: 9308: 9303: 9302: 9299: 9287: 9286: 9282: 9280: 9279: 9275: 9273: 9272: 9268: 9266: 9265: 9256: 9254: 9253: 9244: 9243: 9240: 9233: 9230: 9227: 9224: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9210: 9209:Earth Charter 9207: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9160: 9159: 9157: 9151: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9099:Environmental 9097: 9096: 9094: 9092: 9088: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9031:Refurbishment 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9021:Organizations 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8934:Green economy 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8919:Eco-socialism 8917: 8915: 8914:Eco-investing 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8899:Disinvestment 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8860: 8854: 8851: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8823: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8787: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8720:Marine energy 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8696: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8674:Cultured meat 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8652: 8648: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8624: 8620: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8581: 8577: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8531: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8498: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8471: 8470: 8467: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8432:Simple living 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8336: 8334: 8332: 8328: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8313: 8310: 8306: 8299: 8294: 8292: 8287: 8285: 8280: 8279: 8276: 8269: 8266: 8263: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8199: 8196: 8191: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8158: 8155: 8149: 8146: 8140: 8138: 8134: 8128: 8125: 8119: 8116: 8112: 8106: 8103: 8097: 8094: 8088: 8085: 8081: 8075: 8072: 8066: 8063: 8057: 8054: 8048: 8045: 8039: 8036: 8030: 8027: 8023: 8017: 8014: 8008: 8005: 7999: 7996: 7990: 7987: 7981: 7978: 7966: 7962: 7956: 7953: 7941: 7935: 7932: 7920: 7913: 7910: 7907: 7901: 7898: 7893: 7886: 7880: 7877: 7864: 7857: 7854: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7829: 7825: 7820: 7817: 7805: 7801: 7794: 7791: 7780: 7776: 7769: 7766: 7755: 7751: 7744: 7741: 7730: 7726: 7719: 7716: 7705:on 2016-08-28 7704: 7700: 7696: 7690: 7687: 7683: 7677: 7674: 7670: 7664: 7661: 7649: 7642: 7636: 7633: 7621: 7617: 7611: 7608: 7596: 7589: 7586: 7573: 7572:Yahoo Finance 7569: 7562: 7559: 7546: 7539: 7536: 7532: 7526: 7523: 7519: 7513: 7510: 7506: 7500: 7497: 7485: 7478: 7475: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7439: 7436: 7431: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7405: 7401: 7394: 7391: 7386: 7373: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7338: 7335: 7330: 7326: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7311: 7296: 7290: 7287: 7275: 7269: 7266: 7253: 7249: 7243: 7240: 7235: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7198: 7191: 7188: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7156: 7153: 7141: 7135: 7132: 7121: 7117: 7111: 7108: 7100: 7094: 7091: 7075: 7068: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7036: 7033: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7007: 7004: 6999: 6995: 6989: 6986: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6961: 6957: 6944: 6940: 6934: 6931: 6927: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6908: 6906: 6902: 6890: 6883: 6880: 6868: 6861: 6858: 6847:. Caat.org.uk 6846: 6840: 6837: 6824: 6820: 6814: 6811: 6807: 6801: 6798: 6786: 6782: 6775: 6772: 6768: 6762: 6759: 6747: 6741: 6738: 6726: 6720: 6717: 6705: 6699: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6683: 6677: 6674: 6670: 6664: 6661: 6658: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6643: 6640: 6628: 6622: 6619: 6607: 6601: 6598: 6593: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6574: 6571: 6560:on 2020-11-29 6559: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6542: 6532: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6503: 6500: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6475: 6472: 6468: 6462: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6433: 6428: 6421: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6403: 6402: 6394: 6392: 6388: 6382: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6355:Also termed " 6352: 6349: 6342: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6261:Eco-investing 6259: 6257: 6256:Disinvestment 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6226:Blended value 6224: 6223: 6218: 6207: 6204: 6198: 6193: 6190: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6104: 6100: 6091: 6089: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6062: 6060: 6056: 6054: 6053:The Big Issue 6050: 6046: 6045:Deutsche Bank 6041: 6037: 6033: 6026: 6024: 6020: 6017: 6009: 6007: 6005: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5901: 5898: 5895:launched its 5894: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5876:Chuck Matthei 5872: 5867: 5864:By investing 5859: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5846: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5821:environmental 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5749: 5747: 5740: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5717: 5715: 5708: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5694: 5687: 5685: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5662: 5660: 5656: 5655:United States 5651: 5649: 5641: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5494: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5246: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4867: 4864: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4684:Mid Cap Fund 4683: 4680: 4679: 4675: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4267: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 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3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3639:Green Century 3637: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 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Retrieved 7967:. 2024-07-23 7964: 7955: 7944:. Retrieved 7934: 7923:. Retrieved 7921:. Fa-mag.com 7912: 7900: 7891: 7879: 7867:. Retrieved 7856: 7844:. Retrieved 7840: 7831: 7819: 7809:13 September 7807:. Retrieved 7803: 7793: 7782:. Retrieved 7778: 7768: 7757:. Retrieved 7753: 7743: 7732:. Retrieved 7728: 7718: 7707:. Retrieved 7703:the original 7698: 7689: 7676: 7663: 7651:. Retrieved 7647: 7635: 7623:. Retrieved 7619: 7610: 7598:. Retrieved 7588: 7576:. Retrieved 7571: 7561: 7549:. Retrieved 7538: 7525: 7517: 7512: 7504: 7499: 7488:. Retrieved 7477: 7452: 7448: 7438: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7372:cite journal 7337: 7329:the original 7302:. Retrieved 7289: 7278:. Retrieved 7268: 7258:13 September 7256:. Retrieved 7251: 7242: 7207: 7203: 7190: 7165: 7161: 7155: 7144:. Retrieved 7134: 7123:. Retrieved 7119: 7110: 7093: 7081:. Retrieved 7074:the original 7061: 7053: 7048: 7040: 7035: 7024:. Retrieved 7020:the original 7015: 7006: 6998:the original 6988: 6976:. 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Retrieved 6484: 6474: 6461: 6448: 6440: 6435: 6426: 6420: 6400: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6351: 6291:Microfinance 6170: 6141:Sharpe ratio 6125: 6095: 6086: 6077: 6066: 6057: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6021: 6013: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5986: 5966: 5958: 5954: 5947: 5945: 5902: 5889: 5865: 5863: 5850:microfinance 5843: 5825:humanitarian 5801: 5789: 5777: 5765: 5757: 5753:MSCI KLD 400 5750: 5744: 5721: 5712: 5695: 5691: 5682: 5666:mutual funds 5663: 5652: 5645: 5636: 5157:Portfolio 21 5112:Portfolio 21 4537:Proxy Voting 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4517:Human Rights 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4475: 4474: 3835:Proxy Voting 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3815:Human Rights 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3216:Social Bond 2910:Proxy Voting 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2890:Human Rights 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2138:Proxy Voting 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2118:Human Rights 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2076: 2075: 1343:Proxy Voting 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1323:Human Rights 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1281: 1280: 551:Proxy Voting 550: 545: 540: 535: 531:Human Rights 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 481: 467: 435: 423: 415: 395: 388: 372: 364: 352: 349: 317: 305:Jimmy Carter 296: 289:proxy fights 283:(ILGWU) and 273:pension fund 269:trade unions 266: 262:Dow Chemical 234:labor issues 230:civil rights 219: 201:, which can 180: 169:Philadelphia 162: 153: 109:human rights 94: 85: 79: 73: 54: 50: 49: 36: 10326:Stakeholder 10104:measurement 9845:Externality 9800:Dirty hands 9638:Yield curve 9551:Terminology 9503:Hedge Funds 9396:Mutual fund 9336:Investment 9155:conferences 9026:Procurement 8969:Development 8869:Advertising 8831:Measurement 8765:Tidal power 8760:Small hydro 8725:Micro hydro 8588:Biosecurity 8540:Appropriate 8469:Sustainable 8452:Advertising 8374:Consumption 8364:Development 7574:. 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