Knowledge (XXG)

Aftermath of the Falklands War

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33: 814:, Leach advised the Prime Minister that a task force was necessary and could sail within 48 hours. Lewin, who was forced to return from a scheduled visit to New Zealand, also impressed on the War Cabinet that the primary objective for the United Kingdom should be: "to bring about the withdrawal of Argentine forces from the Falkland Islands, and the re-establishment of British administration there, as quickly as possible". Inspired, Thatcher ordered the despatch of the Task Force for the South Atlantic. 2968: 203:, a former junior foreign minister in the preceding government, who disclosed in Parliament in April 1982 that the British had broken the Argentine diplomatic codes. As the same code machines were used by the Argentine military, this disclosure immediately served to deny British access to valuable intelligence. This, and other responses to parliamentary questions, and leaks of information to the BBC has been alleged by historian 667: 926:
personnel to compensate for the extreme logistical difficulties the campaign presented. It was also noted that both sides were using many of the same western made weapon systems, their combat performance and effectiveness information collected during and after the war was analyzed by the Soviets, to be used to create counter-combat strategies to be adopted by their forces in an event of a then-possible war against
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problem ... foreign intervention ( Bolivia and Nicaragua) ... and propounded geopolitical doctrines that were seen in other countries as threatening to them". So, according to David R. Mares, "Brazilian military analysts worried about the problems of having a successful and belligerent Argentina as neighbour".
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The logistical capability of the UK armed forces was stretched to the limit in order to mount an amphibious operation so far from a land base, in mountainous islands with few roads. After the war much work was done to improve both the logistical and amphibious capability of the Royal Navy. Task force
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in winter resulted in a lethality rate of over 80 percent. The only advantage of the Argentine jets was their higher maximum speed, but Argentine pilots could not benefit from this unless they risked running out of fuel, as was seen in the first air combat of the war when a Mirage IIIEA was forced to
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The economy also benefited indirectly from UK military investment and directly from development of fisheries. The future of the Falkland Islanders' link to the UK has been more certain as a result of the war, and the Islands' government remains committed to self-determination and British sovereignty.
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which was later adapted into a television film. Lawrence was shot at close range by an FN rifle and lost a large percentage of brain matter, but recovered to a degree not thought possible. He remains partially paralysed in the left side of his body. After the war he became an outspoken critic of the
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It has been claimed that more veterans have committed suicide since the Falklands War ended than the number of servicemen killed in action. The South Atlantic Medal Association (SAMA82), which represents and helps Falklands veterans, believes that some 264 veterans had taken their own lives by 2002,
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When the war broke out, we ourselves almost didn’t have any intelligence information from this area. It was here we got help from the Norwegians, who gave us a stream of information about the Argentine warships' positions. The information came to us all the time and straight to our war headquarters
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presents another sight of the South American dilemma: "While South American governments (except Chile) publicly supported Argentina in its conflict with Great Britain, in private many governments were pleased with the outcome of the war. Argentina's bellicosity against Chile over the Beagle Channel
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visited the Falkland Islands. Since 2015, the Royal Navy has limited its surface presence in the South Atlantic to an Offshore Patrol Vessel on station around the islands and to an ice patrol ship deployed during the South Atlantic summer season. However, both army and RAF units remain deployed at
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At the onset of the crisis, First Sea Lord Sir Henry Leach was summoned to brief the Prime Minister. He claimed that Britain was able to recapture the islands, and that it should be done. "Since here was a clear, imminent threat to British overseas territory that could only be reached by sea, what
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missiles (a gift from USA), while the only Argentine planes with air-to-air missiles for self-defence were the Mirages. The AIM-9Ls had a much wider angle of engagement than the earlier versions employed by the Argentines, which could only effectively engage the rear quarter of an enemy aircraft.
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Neither side achieved total air supremacy; nonetheless, air power proved to be of critical importance during the conflict, due to the isolated, rough landscape of the Falklands in which the mobility of land forces was restricted. Air strikes were staged against ground, sea and air targets on both
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noted that the brief conflict showed the incurable vulnerability of surface ships to anti-ship missiles, and, most importantly, to submarines: despite the seemingly limited consequences of the war, it confirmed the dominance of the submarine in naval warfare. This is especially so, Keegan argues,
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Militarily, the Falklands conflict remains the largest air-naval combat operation between modern forces since the end of the Second World War. As such, it has been the subject of intense study by military analysts and historians. The most significant "lessons learned" include the vulnerability of
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The campaign itself, Operation Corporate, is now estimated to have cost about £1.5 billion. The cost of replacing lost equipment is put at £1,278 million. The largest single item in this figure is £641 million for four new Type 22 frigates... to replace Sir Galahad is put at £69 million, and new
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in 2017. With the United Kingdom also taking active diplomatic measures to restrict even modest Argentine military modernization efforts, the result has been a steady erosion of Argentine military capabilities, with some arguing that Argentina had, by the end of the 2010s, ceased to be a capable
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The war's outcome had an indelible impact on the Argentine Armed Forces. The war destroyed the military's image as the "moral reserve of the nation" that they had maintained through most of the 20th century. After 1984, democratic governments in Argentina did not generally approve major military
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commander Rear Admiral Sir Sandy Woodward referred to the conflict as "a lot closer run than many would care to believe", reflecting the naval and military belief that few people understood—or understand—the extent to which the logistical dimension made the war a difficult operation for the UK.
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militaries, the Falklands War forced a re-examination of their estimates in the quality of Western troops and in particularly, how well an all-volunteer force would compare against conscripted forces. The Soviets became aware that the British relied heavily on the quality and training of their
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For the United Kingdom, the war cost 258 men, 6 ships (10 others suffered varying degrees of battle damage), 34 aircraft, and £2.778 billion (£9.255 billion in 2018), but the campaign was considered a great victory for the United Kingdom. The months following the war saw the popularity of the
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role. The Official History describes the contorted logistical arrangements that led to the removal of the nuclear depth bombs from the frigates, following political alarm in Whitehall. Eventually at least some of the depth bombs were brought back to the UK by an RFA vessel. In December 2003,
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The ships of the task force could only remain on station for a limited time in the worsening southern hemisphere winter. With such a high proportion of the Royal Navy's surface fleet engaged, or lost in combat, there were few units available for northbound traffic. At the core of the fleet,
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during the war. "We have testimony from 23 people about a soldier who was shot to death by a corporal, four other former combatants who starved to death, and at least 15 cases of conscripts who were staked out on the ground", Pablo Vassel, under-secretary of human rights in the province of
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A similar situation afflicts the veterans on the Argentine side, many of whom have similarly suffered from psychiatric disorders, drug and alcohol abuse, and social turmoil. The current Argentine suicide toll is 454, according to an Argentine film about the suicide of a Falklands veteran.
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Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher would later write, "Without the Harriers... using the latest version of the Sidewinder air-to-air missile supplied by Caspar Weinberger, we could not have retaken the Falklands." Dan Snow, Peter Snow, p. 270, 20th Century Battlefields, Random House,
232:, Britain had been beset by uncertainty and anxiety about its international role, status and capability. With the war successfully concluded, Thatcher was returned to power with an increased Parliamentary majority and felt empowered to press ahead with the economic readjustments of 654:) and carried out highly informative intelligence-gathering operations. Contrary to popular understanding, the Argentine special forces also patrolled hard, in appalling climatic conditions, against a professional enemy and showed that they could sometimes get the upper hand. 738:, the Defence Secretary in 1966, once said that aircraft carriers were required only for operations involving 'landing or withdrawal of troops against sophisticated opposition outside range of land-based air cover'. When the last conventional carrier in the Royal Navy, 767:
sold to Australia. Under the review, the Royal Navy was focused primarily on anti-submarine warfare under the auspices of NATO. Any out-of-area amphibious operations were considered unlikely. The entire Royal Marines was in jeopardy of being disbanded and the sale of
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in 1986), and the operational status of all three support carriers was maintained. The proposed cutback in the surface fleet was abandoned and replacements for many of the lost ships and helicopters plus more Sea Harriers were ordered. The amphibious assault ships
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In 2007 the British government expressed regrets over the deaths on both sides in the war. Margaret Thatcher was quoted as saying "in the struggle against evil... we can all today draw hope and strength" from the Falklands victory, while former Argentine President
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as well as helicopters, justified by the fact that one of their primary roles was anti-submarine warfare. John Nott's defence review concluded that anti-submarine defence would be performed more cheaply by a smaller number of destroyers and frigates. The carrier
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the hell was the point in having a Navy if it was not used for this sort of thing?". Aware of the necessity for speed, Leach had already given orders for the ships of a potential task force to be prepared for deployment. On 2 April, at a briefing at the
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thus the Argentine statute of limitations was applicable, and since that time limit had already been exceeded, the court therefore dismissed the case. On appeal to a higher court, the Comodoro Rivadavia Federal Chamber upheld the lower court's ruling.
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claimed while in office that the UK won a colonial victory and vowed that the islands would one day return to Argentine sovereignty. He qualified this, however, with an affirmation that force could never again be used in an attempt to bring this about.
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to the aftermath of the war with others suggesting that the rise in popularity was due to an increase in economic optimism, with the war increasing productivity by 3%. The war did however cause several members of the government to resign, including the
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surface ships to anti-ship missiles and submarines, the challenges of coordinating logistical support for a long-distance projection of power, and reconfirmation of the role of tactical air power, including the use of helicopters.
341:. In view of the crisis it was decided that this should be balanced with an unscheduled trip to Argentina in June. It is contended that his presence and words spiritually prepared Argentines for a possible defeat, contrary to the 219:
Ultimately, the successful conclusion of the war gave a noticeable fillip to British patriotic feeling, with the mobilisation of national identity encapsulated in the so-called "Falklands Factor". Since the failure of the 1956
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During the operations, several wounded British soldiers had to spend hours in the cold before receiving medical aid—yet no British soldier died who was evacuated to a medical aid station, a fact confirmed by Surgeon Commander
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against 70 Argentine military officers for the alleged abuse, torture and, in one case, murder of their own troops. However, the Comodoro Rivadavia Criminal Cassation Court ruled that tortures suffered by soldiers are not
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to be a deliberate attempt to undermine the Thatcher government on the part of a variety of individuals who had a vested interest in its fall. There is some debate as to the accuracy of the claims regarding Ted Rowlands.
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Corrientes, told Inter Press Service News Agency. There are claims that false testimonies were used as evidence in accusing the Argentine officers and NCOs and Vassel had to step down from his post as under-secretary of
3363: 716:), the United Kingdom's government desired to cut defence spending in line with the rest of Europe. Many former British possessions in Africa and Asia had gained independence from the UK by the 1980s. Due to this 1669:, page 306: : "What ultimately changed that situation and facilitated the eventual settlement of the dispute was the Falkland Islands War and the subsequent return to democratic government in Buenos Aires." 1227:
The statistics show that 7% of the deaths of Falklands veterans since the campaign were attributed to suicide, significantly less than the number of deaths during the campaign, and that, for Falklands veterans,
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I authorised our agents to pose as bona fide purchasers of equipment on the international market, ensuring that we outbid the Argentines, and other agents identified Exocet missiles in markets and rendered them
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The disparity in figures, with the Argentine fighters failing to shoot down a single Sea Harrier, can be explained by several factors, including limited fighter control that was provided by British warships in
322: 502:. The domination of air power in major naval engagements was demonstrated, along with the usefulness of carriers and it proved the small but manoeuvrable Sea Harrier as a true fighter. Sea Harriers shot down 785:
In 1980, low funding caused many ships to be in harbour for months due to lack of spare parts and fuel. The largest cut in the Royal Navy's conventional forces led to the resignation of the Navy Minister
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For deaths due to intentional self harm and events of undetermined intent (suicide and open verdict deaths) there was a 35% significant decreased risk of dying compared to the UK general population.
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The British Ministry of Defence was accused several times of a systematic failure to prepare service personnel for the horrors of war and to provide adequate care for them afterwards.
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movement). In the long term the debacle concluded both the periodic intervention of the Argentine military in politics since the 1930s and the Peronist electoral hegemony since 1945.
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or TIAR) by providing the UK with military supplies. American intervention in the war led to many Latin Americans believing that the United States held a strong fascination over the
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was shown to be a poor choice for fabric in uniforms, as it is more flammable than cotton and also melts with heat. Burning nylon adheres to the skin, causing avoidable casualties.
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in 1981. Sea battles, mass convoys, amphibious landings, and coastal bombardments were considered obsolete in the second half of the 20th century. The head of the admiralty,
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sides, and often with clear results. All of the UK losses at sea were caused by aircraft or missile strikes (by both the Argentine Air Force and Naval Aviation). The French
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exposed the mistreatment of Argentine conscripts during the war. That film "led directly to a criminal investigation" which resulted in the filing of formal charges of
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H. Norpoth, 'War and Government Popularity in Britain', paper given at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C., August 1986.
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demanded an apology from the British government for the "regrettable and monstrous" act of arming warships engaged in the conflict with nuclear depth charges.
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a number exceeding the 255 who died in active service, although no estimate is available for the expected number of suicides that would have occurred anyway.
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was the result of a modern nuclear-powered submarine hunting a pre-World War II ship with no anti-submarine capabilities, and the British ships sunk by the
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within South America. Within the defence budget itself funding for training and even basic maintenance was significantly cut, a factor contributing to the
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because submarines are far less vulnerable than aircraft to counterattack, being able to approach and destroy their targets with almost complete impunity.
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granted the Islanders British citizenship (replacing British Dependent Territories citizenship), strengthening the link between the Islanders and the UK.
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who was in charge of the Royal Navy during the conflict, bypassed the delays in getting the ROE changed by ordering the British nuclear submarine,
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to the Prime Minister in order to establish clear orders. When the British Navy was engaged with two Argentine Navy forces using a pincer tactic,
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Diplomatic relations between the UK and Argentina were not restored until 1989 under a formula which put the issue of sovereignty to one side (
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The Argentine loss of the war led to ever-larger protests against the Galtieri regime and is credited with giving the final push to drive out
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A RN ship is always present in the South Atlantic. In 2007, the Royal Navy confirmed its commitment to a carrier force with the order of two
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A comprehensive statistical study of the deaths of personnel deployed to the Falklands since the end of the conflict was published by
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The United States' reputation in parts of Latin America was damaged because of the perception that it had broken the Rio Treaty (
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makes reference to a "figure intimate with the workings of GCHQ" who suggested that Rowlands's comment had no noticeable effect.
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on 2 April 2010, Argentina may have received satellite imagery of British positions from the Soviet Union during the conflict.
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in Argentina and the UK, military thought, medical treatment, and the lives of those who were directly involved in the war.
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equipment purchases. Argentina's military spending has also been steadily reduced and as of 2010, its devotion of 0.9% of
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were acceptable casualties since they were screening forces, either for the British aircraft carriers in the cases of HMS
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proposing major cuts for the navy in the next ten years (the army and the RAF had already been tailored for NATO.)
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shell hit the house they were sheltering in during a naval bombardment of military targets inside Stanley itself.
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islands, the outcome of the war averted a planned Argentine military invasion of Chile and made possible the
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at Northwood. The information was continuously updated and told us exactly where the Argentine ships were.
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The Falkland Islands remained a self-governing British overseas territory, but shortly after the war the
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A study of deaths among UK Armed Forces personnel deployed to the 1982 Falklands Campaign: 1982 to 2012
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Clarke, H.D. Stewarr, M.C. Zuk, G. 1986. Politics, Economics and Party Popularity in Britain, 1979–83.
87: 74:) and established a framework within which further talks on matters of mutual interest could be held. 3431: 3183: 3148: 2977: 2705: 2630: 2515: 2411: 761: 612: 583:
Royal Navy communication was hindered during the conflict due to misinterpretation and lack of clear
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When the Fighting Is Over: A Personal Story of the Battle for Tumbledown Mountain and Its Aftermath.
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Remains of a helicopter shot down in South Georgia Island during Falklands War. (Photo taken 1999)
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The principal adjustments to British defence policy as a result of the war were announced in the
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issued by the Junta. He returned to Argentina in 1987 after the return of democratic government.
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of these deaths (veterans and in-service) were attributable to suicide and open verdict deaths
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units was reaffirmed. British special forces destroyed many Argentine aircraft (notably in the
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However, many prominent naval tacticians have recently argued this point; the sinking of the
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The Vatican Mediation of the Beagle Channel Dispute: Crisis Intervention and Forum Building
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with no air-to-air losses themselves, although six were lost to ground fire and accidents.
3650: 3318: 3224: 3153: 2900: 2885: 2282: 1941: 1715: 1684: 1666: 1271: 1078: 721: 709: 314: 193: 1825:"U.S. Navy Command and Control in the Aftermath of the Falkland Islands Campaign of 1982" 98: 1603:
K. J.Holsti, "The state, the war, and the state of war", University of Cambridge Press,
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Falklands 25 - Official Commemorative Publication, 2007, Newsdesk Communications LTD,
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carriers. In 2012 on the thirtieth anniversary of the war, the air-defence destroyer
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was forced to resign and elections were held on 30 October 1983 and a new president,
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There are allegations that the Ministry of Defence has tried to ignore the issue of
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during the conflict, made following disclosure regarding the activities of the UK's
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Sanders,D. Ward, H. Marsh, D. 1987. Government Popularity and the Falklands War.
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Hughes, Wayne P., "Fleet Tactics and Coastal Combat" Naval Institute Press, 2000
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The only civilian deaths during the war were three women who were killed when a
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The twenty-fifth anniversary of the visit of Pope John Paul II to Great Britain
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According to Russian journalist Sergei Brilev, whose claims were reported in
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were not decommissioned until 1999 and 2002, respectively, being replaced by
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were no longer required. The Conservative government's Defence Secretary
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Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina
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Events following the conclusion of the Falklands War in Argentina
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TONY BRENTON, BRITISH AMBASSADOR INTERVIEW TO GAZETA 14.06.2007
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and the economic decline of the 1970s which culminated in the
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operations, leading to retrofitting of most major ships with
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cited the Falklands War as proof of the failure of the TIAR.
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South Atlantic News Agency MercoPress. Accessed 19 May 2012
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UK Armed Forces personnel served in the Falklands Campaign
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List of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II outside Italy
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Sennes, Ricardo; Onuk, Janina; de Oliveira, Amacio Jorge.
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could possibly have been replaced by the hastily prepared
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The fact that heat seeking Sidewinders were targeting hot
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Regarding the attitude of the Latin American governments,
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were at that time threatened with sale to foreign powers"
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Archbishop Says Pope's Visit To Argentina Is Nonpolitical
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Razor's Edge: The Unofficial History of the Falklands War
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Medical and psychological treatment of Falklands veterans
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satellite intelligence data, which was forwarded to the
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In 1982, British warships were routinely armed with the
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Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls
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The usefulness of helicopters in combat, logistic, and
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The Price of Admiralty: the Evolution of Naval Warfare
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Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
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vindicated the UK decision to maintain at least the
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Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
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20th-century military history of the United Kingdom
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accidental loss of the Argentine submarine San Juan
829:offered instead (eventually being sold to India as 451:, or for the amphibious landing forces as with HMS 3324:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 1977:Preston, Antony (1982). "chapter 7: Conclusion". 1283:Confirman el juzgamiento por torturas en Malvinas 1101:Survival and recovery of wounded British soldiers 1048:. Said "a high-ranking British military source": 239:A second major effect was a reaffirmation of the 1245:British Army's treatment of Falklands veterans. 1230: 1050: 1012: 155:British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 2210:. 25 November 2009 – via news.bbc.co.uk. 286:Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance 2791: 2357: 2248: 2246: 1875: 1873: 952:British nuclear weapons and the Falklands War 619:, but there was no replacement available for 8: 1950:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 1867:(Jon Cooksey, 3 PARA MOUNT LONGDON, page 44) 2003:"HMS Dauntless sets sail for the Falklands" 1829:Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) 184:Government increase, with some attributing 132:ratified a decision made by authorities in 3722:Territorial disputes of the United Kingdom 3298: 3179: 2927: 2798: 2784: 2776: 2364: 2350: 2342: 2083:"Curious case of Argentinian fighter jets" 1944:. "Lewin, Terence Thornton, Baron Lewin". 1357:aircraft account for another £116 million. 495:aircraft carriers after the retirement of 101:in 1976 and perpetrated the crimes of the 3427:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 399:Learn how and when to remove this message 1205:Falklands veterans have died since 1982 81: 1947:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1847:News and Analysis, U.S. Naval Institute 1806:"Falklands victory 'a close run thing'" 1573:Van Sant Hall, Marshall (29 May 2018). 1433:, London: Faber and Faber, p. 68, 1258: 2128:How France helped us win Falklands war 1158:Defence Analytical Services and Advice 1611:(pbk), first published 1996, page176: 1408:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 313:For Chile, engaged with Argentina in 7: 2294:Lawrence, Robert and John Lawrence, 2266:BBC News. Retrieved 12 January 2007. 2239:The Times. Accessed 25 November 2009 1641:Simon Collier and William F. Sater, 1392:British Journal of Political Science 972:or 0.5 kiloton, which was used as a 891:Impact on the Argentine Armed Forces 381:adding citations to reliable sources 3369:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 2308:"Argentina's veterans die of shame" 2190:"Galtieri y sus aliados soviéticos" 1236:The trials of one British patient, 1191:personnel died during the campaign 587:which had to be forwarded from the 315:a long-standing territorial dispute 1894:Invincible Class Aircraft Carriers 1537:Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad 1480:"Thatcher rallying call to troops" 1076:In 2005, an Argentine film called 1026:Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation 1024:According to a documentary by the 128:In 2009, Argentine authorities in 25: 2115:Argentina demands UK nuke apology 1620:David R. Mares, "Violent Peace", 1506:"Argentina vows Falklands return" 1454:"UK 'regret' over Falklands dead" 946:Allegations of nuclear deployment 825:to Australia was cancelled, with 821:. After the war, the sale of HMS 819:December 1982 Defence White Paper 760:was therefore to be scrapped and 523:against a cold background of the 3680: 3679: 3521:Palestinian expulsion and flight 1883:, chapter 1: "Forgotten Islands" 1823:Neary, Stephen M. (1 May 2007). 665: 476:missile proved its lethality in 357: 162:Politics of the Falkland Islands 3732:National Reorganization Process 3384:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 3319:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 3126:Causes of the Armenian genocide 2264:Falklands Veterans suicide toll 2100:Allison, George (16 May 2018). 1342:Britain & the Falklands War 368:needs additional citations for 3707:Aftermath of the Falklands War 3656:Gunpowder and gun transmission 3530:Zionism as settler colonialism 2612:Falkland Islands Defence Force 1741:Penguin (Non-Classics), 1990, 1135:post-traumatic stress disorder 1030:Norwegian Intelligence Service 1004:Secretary of State for Defence 416:Vulnerability of surface ships 329:The visit of Pope John Paul II 1: 2059:. 19 May 2018. Archived from 1647:A history of Chile, 1808–1994 337:carried out a long-scheduled 2161:Tony Halpin (2 April 2010). 1979:Sea Combat off the Falklands 1964:UK public library membership 1905:The Battle for the Falklands 1881:The Battle for the Falklands 1786:. United States Marine Corps 1291:, Buenos Aires, 27 June 2009 708:Strained by two oil crises ( 292:over hemispheric interests. 243:between the US and UK. Both 134:Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego 3288:German resistance to Nazism 3144:Persian famine of 1917–1919 2117:, CNN News, 7 December 2003 1209: 1195: 1181: 1167: 1008:Secret Intelligence Service 339:visit to the United Kingdom 295:In September 2001 the then 3748: 3293:Nazi foreign policy debate 2005:. BBC Sport. 4 April 2012. 1643:Cambridge University Press 1036:in the northern county of 949: 571:operations was confirmed. 255:) were appointed honorary 199:Criticism was levelled at 159: 86:Falklands War memorial in 40:The aftermath of the 1982 3674: 3441:Second Sino-Japanese War 2816: 2402:Invasion of South Georgia 2397:Invasion of the Falklands 1622:Columbia University Press 1242:When The Fighting is Over 1116:Northern Ireland conflict 900:to defence only exceeded 424:, military historian Sir 263:, sometimes known as the 3359:Auschwitz bombing debate 3045:Indian Rebellion of 1857 2896:Late Bronze Age collapse 2830:List of military museums 1981:. London: Willow Books. 1683:15 December 2018 at the 1579:Naval War College Review 1028:(NRK), during the war a 704:Impact on the Royal Navy 585:Rules of Engagement(ROE) 489:air war in the Falklands 72:the sovereignty umbrella 3309:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 3168:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 2745:British nuclear weapons 2333:Iluminados por el fuego 1784:Marine Corps University 1089:crimes against humanity 1084:crimes against humanity 962:tactical nuclear weapon 482:Close-in weapon systems 145:of Corrientes in 2010. 3432:"Battle for Australia" 3314:Soviet offensive plans 3283:Broad vs. narrow front 3122:Late Ottoman genocides 2335:by Tristán Bauer, 2006 2285:published: 14 May 2013 1956:10.1093/ref:odnb/71891 1903:Hastings and Jenkins: 1879:Hastings and Jenkins: 1404:Bicheno, Hugh (2006). 1270:31 August 2009 at the 1234: 1055: 1046:Northwood Headquarters 1040:regularly intercepted 1020:Norwegian intelligence 1017: 934:Weapon export controls 800:Chief of Defence Staff 537:Airborne Early Warning 422:The Price of Admiralty 90: 37: 3661:Torsion mangonel myth 3593:Sri Lankan Civil War 1032:facility situated at 989:Intelligence analysis 652:raid on Pebble Island 528:attempt a landing at 280:USA and Latin America 160:Further information: 85: 35: 3278:"Blitzkrieg" concept 3149:Powder keg of Europe 3024:Franco-Prussian War 2412:Total Exclusion Zone 2281:26 July 2014 at the 2063:on 24 September 2015 1696:Reuters, June 1982, 1429:Urban, Mark (1996), 998:In his 2002 memoirs 981:Argentine President 377:improve this article 253:Secretary of Defense 241:special relationship 230:Winter of Discontent 149:The Falkland Islands 97:that had overthrown 3614:Russo-Georgian War 3587:Sovereignty dispute 3566:Iranian Revolution 3396:"Polish death camp" 3373:In relation to the 3082:Myth of English aid 3073:War of the Pacific 2850:Albigensian Crusade 2194:www.lanacion.com.ar 2089:. 11 November 2020. 2039:www.lanacion.com.ar 1714:16 May 2008 at the 1665:29 May 2008 at the 1058:Soviet intervention 730:white paper in 1981 589:Ministry of Defense 441:Argentine Air Force 297:President of Mexico 290:East–West dichotomy 115:Radical Civic Union 66:Political aftermath 3629:Syrian revolution 3541:Malayan Emergency 3516:1948 Palestine war 3249:Spanish Civil War 3199:War guilt question 3008:American Civil War 2988:Invasion of Russia 2964:New Russian School 2730:Argentine cemetery 2314:on 11 October 2007 1737:Keegan, Sir John, 1338:Freedman, Lawrence 974:Nuclear Depth Bomb 885:RAF Mount Pleasant 677:. You can help by 643:The usefulness of 633:Battle of Waterloo 629:Duke of Wellington 535:The importance of 138:conscript soldiers 130:Comodoro Rivadavia 119:Justicialist Party 95:the military junta 91: 88:Córdoba, Argentina 38: 3712:Aftermath of wars 3694: 3693: 3497: 3496: 3375:Armenian genocide 3238:Polish–Soviet War 3233:Burning of Smyrna 3219: 3218: 3209:Reichstag inquiry 3132:Patriotic consent 3003: 3002: 2978:War in the Vendée 2942:French Revolution 2924:century conflicts 2913:Peloponnesian War 2874:Eighty Years' War 2773: 2772: 2740:British logistics 2708:Atlantic Conveyor 2443:Many Branch Point 2087:www.aerotime.aero 1988:978-0-00-218046-7 1962:(Subscription or 1849:. 5 February 2013 1831:. pp. 11–12. 1440:978-0-571-17689-2 1415:978-0-297-84633-8 1394:. 17(3): 281–313. 1370:Electoral Studies 1351:978-0-631-16088-5 1223: 1222: 804:Sir Terence Lewin 695: 694: 557:, sister ship to 548:Searchwater radar 516:AIM-9L Sidewinder 467:Role of air power 449:Atlantic Conveyor 409: 408: 401: 349:Military analysis 335:Pope John Paul II 191:Foreign Secretary 60:political culture 16:(Redirected from 3739: 3683: 3682: 3666:War and genocide 3490: 3476:Résistancialisme 3463:Battle of France 3445:Nanjing Massacre 3299: 3180: 3176: 3140: 3090: 2972: 2955: 2928: 2855:Catharism debate 2841:pre-18th century 2823:Military history 2800: 2793: 2786: 2777: 2735:British cemetery 2633:General Belgrano 2458:Mount Tumbledown 2366: 2359: 2352: 2343: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2310:. 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Blackwell, 1334: 1328: 1327: 1326:on 7 April 2010. 1322:. Archived from 1316: 1310: 1309: 1308:on 21 June 2010. 1304:. Archived from 1298: 1292: 1285:, (In Spanish), 1280: 1274: 1263: 1165: 1164: 909:military power. 887:in the islands. 812:House of Commons 690: 687: 669: 662: 593:Admiral Woodward 512:San Carlos Water 436:General Belgrano 404: 397: 393: 390: 384: 361: 353: 21: 18:Falklands factor 3747: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3737: 3736: 3697: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3689: 3670: 3651:Conflict thesis 3639: 3603: 3493: 3484: 3451: 3415: 3345: 3297: 3259: 3225:Interwar period 3215: 3185: 3178: 3170: 3154:Schlieffen Plan 3134: 3095: 3084: 2999: 2966: 2949: 2934: 2923: 2917: 2901:Dorian invasion 2886:Fall of Babylon 2842: 2836: 2835: 2812: 2804: 2774: 2769: 2750:Cultural impact 2713: 2616: 2564: 2497: 2421: 2375: 2370: 2340: 2339: 2331: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2293: 2289: 2283:Wayback Machine 2274: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2244: 2237: 2233: 2226:edition.cnn.com 2220: 2219: 2215: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2121: 2113: 2109: 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1022: 996: 991: 983:Néstor Kirchner 954: 948: 936: 915: 893: 871:Queen Elizabeth 722:blue-water navy 706: 691: 685: 682: 675:needs expansion 660: 641: 577: 469: 418: 405: 394: 388: 385: 374: 362: 351: 331: 282: 273:Néstor Kirchner 265:Second Cold War 194:Lord Carrington 177: 164: 151: 80: 68: 54:affected world 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3745: 3743: 3735: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3699: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3676: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3635: 3627: 3626: 3625: 3623:Responsibility 3620: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3600: 3599: 3591: 3590: 3589: 3579: 3574: 3573: 3572: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3554: 3549: 3548: 3547: 3539: 3538: 3537: 3535:New Historians 3532: 3527: 3513: 3507: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3491: 3479: 3472: 3465: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3452: 3450: 3449: 3448: 3447: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3423: 3421: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3401:Responsibility 3398: 3393: 3392: 3391: 3381: 3371: 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Index

Falklands factor

Falklands War
United Kingdom
Argentina
geopolitics
political culture

Córdoba, Argentina
the military junta
Isabel Perón
Dirty War
Galtieri
Raúl Alfonsín
Radical Civic Union
Justicialist Party
Peronist
Comodoro Rivadavia
Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego
conscript soldiers
human rights
British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983
Politics of the Falkland Islands
Royal Navy
Conservative
this rise
Foreign Secretary
Lord Carrington
Ted Rowlands
Hugh Bicheno

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