1222:
388:
99:
419:-group as subfamilies in the Daguinaspididae. Palmer and Repina erected two superfamilies, the Olenelloidea and the Fallotaspidoidea, the latter consisting of the Fallotaspididae (comprising the Fallotaspidinae and the Daguinaspidinae), and the Archaeaspididae, next to the Nevadiidae, the Neltneriidae and the Judomiidae. This opinion was reflected in the Revised Treatise of 1997.
423:
736:
The distance between the anterior cephalic border and the frontal lobe of the glabella (or preglabellar field) is approximately equal to the length of L0. The anterior cephalic border is a flattened ledge. L0 is smooth or has a faint node. The segments of the thorax axis are smooth or have a faint
676:
The cephalon does not carry two backward directed spines that are a continuation of the lateral raised borders (or genal spines). The furrow between the first and second pair of side lobes of the glabella (S1) is transverse or faintly convex anteriorly. The outer band of the eye ridge (or ocular
655:
The anterior border is not separated from the area it encloses (the extra-ocular area) by a furrow. The interocular area 2-3Ă— as wide as the ocular lobe at midlength. The outward sections of the furrow between the second and third pair of side lobes of the glabella (S2) are directed backward at
566:
As with most early trilobites, the
Fallotaspidoidea have an almost flat exoskeleton, that is only thinly calcified, and has crescent-shaped eye ridges. As part of the Olenellina suborder, the Fallotaspidoidea lack dorsal sutures. The superfamily can be distinguished from all other
335:
developed from the fallotaspidoids somewhere in
Siberia and the Gondwana-margin, and from there spread to all of Gondwana, including current China and Australia, where fallotaspidoids and other Olenellina were absent. In Laurentia the Fallotaspidoids were succeeded by
843:
The distance between the anterior cephalic border and the frontal lobe of the glabella (or preglabellar field) is ¼-1¼× the length of L0. The anterior tip of the visual surface is opposite or posterior of the point S3 meets the furrow defining the glabella. → 10
706:
The space between the cephalic border and the front of the glabella (or preglabellar field) distinctly longer than the most backward lobe of the glabella (occipital ring or L0). The glabella is moderately to strongly tapered forward. → 6
372:, which also encompassed the subfamily Fallotaspidinae, was regarded the sistergroup of the Daguinaspididae, a view that made it into the Treatise of 1959. Later, the genera now in the ”Fallotaspidoidea” were considered part of the
579:. The glabella tapers forward. The frontal lobe of the glabella (because it is counted from the back, it is numbered L4) is as long as the most backward lobe (L0), less than in the other Olenellina. The eye ridges (or
442:(hence the quotation marks), even after reorganizing it, because it gave rise to the trilobites with dorsal sutures. Applying a strictly cladistic approach would call for including the ”Fallotaspidoidea” in the
311:”Fallotaspidoidea” occur in the Lower Cambrian of North America (Cordilleran region and northern Greenland), Europe (United Kingdom, Comley area; Ukraine), northwestern Africa and northern Asia (Siberia).
756:
The preglabellar field is 1½-2× the length of L0. The anterior cephalic border is a rounded ridge. L0 carries a backward directed spine at midline. Four to five rings can clearly be distinguished in the
666:
The anterior border is prominently separated from the extra-ocular area by a furrow. The interocular area 1-1½× as wide as the ocular lobe at midlength. (S2) is directed backward at about 10°. → 7
403:), together comprising the current ”Fallotaspidoidea”, in addition to the Nevadiinae, the Neltneriinae and the Callaviniinae. This was followed by the view that the Archaeaspididae (including
635:
The ridge bordering the head shield (or anterior border) in front of the sides of the glabella is at most half as wide as the most backward lobe of the glabella (occipital ring or L0). → 3
873:
A ridge is developed between the ocular lobe and the glabella. The posterior tips of the ocular lobes are opposite the middle of the distal margin of the occipital ring (or L0).
606:
A parafrontal band prominent. The area between the eye ridge and the glabella (or interocular area) is at least as wide as the eye ridge (or ocular lobe) at midlength. → 2
407:), the Fallotaspididae and the Daguinaspididae were all families of their own and sistergroups of the Olenellidae, Homiidae, and Nevadiidae. Ahlberg et al., moved the
1090:
Repina, L.N. (1979). "Zavisimost morfologicheskikh priznakov ot uslovii obitaniia trilobitov i otsenka ikh znacheniia dlia sistematiki nadsemeistva
Olenelloidea ".
1080:
Bergstrom, J., 1973. Classification of olenellid trilobites and some Balto-Scandian species. Norsk
Geologisk Tidsskrift 53:283-314|cited in Palmer and Repina, 1993
1022:
Whittington, H. B. et al. Part O, Treatise on
Invertebrate Paleontology. Revised, Volume 1 – Trilobita – Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. 1997
348:, the latter remaining the dominant group of trilobites until the extinction of all Olenellina at the very end of the Lower Cambrian, after which Redlichiina,
814:
The frontal lobe of the glabella (L4) is connected with the border surrounding the cephalon with a short ridge on the midline (the so-called “plectrum”). → 9
558:, all have a long frontal glabellar lobe (L4), and eye ridges that contact only the posterior part of L4, and so these genera belong to the “Nevadioidea“.
946:"Phylogenetic analysis of some basal early Cambrian Trilobites, the biogeographic origins of the Eutrilobites, and the timing of the Cambrian radiation"
687:
Genal spines present. S1 sinuous. The outer band of the ocular lobe near the side of L4 does not expand. Antero-lateral lobes on L0 and L1.
776:
The area between the ocular lobe and the lateral border of the cephalon (or extra-ocular area) ⅓-½× the width of the glabella opposite L1.
1342:
945:
1347:
395:
Bergström recognized within the family
Daguinaspididae five subfamilies: the Daguinaspidinae and the Fallotaspidinae (including
677:
lobe) near the side of the frontal lobe of the glabella (L4) expands prominently. No antero-lateral lobes on L0 and L1. → 5
1112:
Ahlberg, P.; Bergström, J.; Johansson, J. (1986). "Lower
Cambrian olenellid trilobites from the Baltic faunal province".
1337:
854:
The preglabellar field) is 1½-2× the length of L0. The anterior tip of the visual surface is anterior of the side of S3.
319:
Lieberman (2002) suggests that fallotaspidoids, the first hard-shelled trilobites (or
Eutrilobites), originate in the
291:
heartland (currently Latin
America, most of Africa, Australia, Antarctica, India and China). A member of this group,
1032:
Hupé, Pierre (1953). "Contribution a l'étude du
Cambrien Inférieur et du Précambrien III de l'Anti-Atlas Marocain".
1327:
576:
572:
446:, and possibly raising the status of the remaining Olenellina to become an order (and be renamed to Olenellida).
964:
368:
now assigned to the ”Fallotaspidoidea” have changed regularly over the past half century or so. Initially, the
616:
No parafrontal band visible in dorsal view. The interocular area ½-⅓× as wide as the ocular lobe at midlength.
1178:
1142:
Wiley, E.O. (1979). "An annotated Linnaean hierarchy, with comments on natural taxa and competing systems".
1239:
391:
Schematic showing the relationships between the genera within the Fallotaspoidea and with other trilobites
1299:
323:. The group quickly spread to southern Europe and northwestern Africa, which were part of the margin of
260:
1277:
438:
of all other Olenellina (Judomiidoidea, Nevadiidoidea and Olenelloidea). The ”Fallotaspidoidea” remain
1053:
Moore, R.C. (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O – Arthropoda (Trilobitomorpha). 1959
1286:
1187:
859:
509:
237:
1332:
1227:
692:
483:
762:
465:
1203:
337:
114:
1304:
381:
373:
1173:
737:
node. The tail shield (or pygidium) consists of one poorly defined ring and terminal segment.
1195:
1151:
1121:
960:
542:
197:
387:
897:
519:
514:
504:
460:
244:
216:
211:
206:
459:
is closest to the common ancestor with the other Olenellina. Second to split away is the
1191:
892:
Mid-interocular ridge absent. The posterior tips of the ocular lobes are anterior of L0.
1067:. Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Ministerstvo Geologii i Okhrany Nedr SSSR. p. 515.
998:
968:
800:
489:
293:
284:
276:
1321:
353:
349:
56:
1207:
999:"Through a Glass Darkly: Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Biostratigraphy of the Olenellina"
548:
439:
435:
345:
1271:
878:
829:
781:
742:
500:
495:
471:
443:
377:
369:
341:
332:
222:
161:
98:
31:
1092:
Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Trudy Instituta Geologii I Geofizikii
1063:
Chetnysheva, N.E. (1960). "Chlenistonogie, trilobitoobraznye i rakoobraznye ".
1217:
1199:
1155:
1125:
722:
717:
The glabella is gently tapered forward. Preglabellar field not longer than L0.
592:
568:
554:
529:
477:
455:
299:
280:
272:
230:
173:
76:
41:
1262:
583:) contact, but do not merge with, the entire frontal margin of the glabella.
621:
580:
434:
More recent cladistic analysis suggests that the ”Fallotaspidoidea” are the
328:
264:
149:
137:
81:
422:
297:, has long been the earliest known trilobite, but recently the redlichiid
1256:
324:
288:
71:
66:
51:
46:
36:
320:
268:
86:
61:
487:
slightly further removed, and near the basis a subgroup consisting of
125:
1233:
523:
is closest to the trilobites with dorsal cephalic sutures, such as
421:
386:
365:
1291:
1174:"Cladistic analysis of the Early Cambrian olenelloid trilobites"
1237:
965:
10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0692:paosbe>2.0.co;2
507:
is next to branch-off. This is followed by the branch of
795:
Ocular lobe (almost) in contact with the lateral border.
1003:
The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions
645:
The anterior border is at least ¾× as wide as L0. → 8
411:-group as a subfamily to the Callaviidae, leaving the
537:
Genera previously assigned to the ”Fallotaspidoidea”
1246:
992:
990:
988:
513:all on its own, followed by the monotypical family
463:-family, which comprises the closely knit group of
364:The views of scholars on the relationships of the
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
1114:Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar
1034:Service GĂ©ologique du Maroc, Notes et MĂ©moires
1018:
1016:
656:35°-45° relative to the transverse line. → 4
8:
303:has been claimed as occurring even earlier.
1234:
97:
17:
913:
885:
866:
847:
836:
817:
807:
788:
769:
749:
729:
710:
699:
680:
669:
659:
648:
638:
628:
609:
599:
450:Relations within the ”Fallotaspidoidea”
327:(or Peri-Gondwana), and northwestern
7:
886:
867:
848:
837:
818:
808:
789:
770:
750:
730:
711:
700:
681:
670:
660:
649:
639:
629:
610:
600:
591:This key complements the key in the
315:Dispersion of the “Fallotaspidoidea”
997:Palmer, A.R.; Repina, L.N. (1993),
14:
1220:
1130:cited in Palmer and Repina, 1993
1100:cited in Palmer and Repina, 1993
1069:cited in Palmer and Repina, 1993
1042:cited in Palmer and Repina, 1993
283:) and species occurred on all
1:
27:Lower Cambrian (Atdabanian)
1364:
1343:Cambrian first appearances
1200:10.1017/S0022336000024021
1172:Lieberman, B. S. (1998).
1126:10.1080/11035898609453745
891:
872:
853:
842:
823:
813:
801:Profallotaspis jakutensis
794:
775:
755:
735:
716:
705:
686:
675:
665:
654:
644:
634:
615:
605:
376:, the sistergroup of the
294:Profallotaspis jakutensis
203:
196:
191:Palmer & Repina, 1993
115:Scientific classification
113:
109:, drawing by Sam Gon III
105:
96:
20:
1348:Terreneuvian extinctions
1160:cited in Lieberman, 2002
944:Lieberman, B.S. (2002).
898:Fallotaspidella musatovi
693:Eofallotaspis tioutensis
549:Geraldinella corneiliana
428:Eofallotaspis tioutensis
1179:Journal of Paleontology
1156:10.1093/sysbio/28.3.308
953:Journal of Paleontology
575:and in particular the
431:
392:
321:paleocontinent Siberia
275:. It lived during the
1300:Paleobiology Database
1065:Osnovy Paleontologii
860:Parafallotaspis grata
743:Daguinaspis ambroggii
543:Bradyfallotaspis fusa
425:
390:
763:Choubertella spinosa
1338:Cambrian trilobites
1228:Paleontology portal
1192:1998JPal...72...59L
622:Repinaella siberica
571:by features of the
555:Selindella gigantea
1144:Systematic Zoology
432:
393:
257:”Fallotaspidoidea”
186:”Fallotaspidoidea”
1315:
1314:
1240:Taxon identifiers
905:
904:
782:Pelmanaspis jurii
587:Key to the genera
253:
252:
107:Fallotaspis longa
1355:
1328:Fallotaspidoidea
1308:
1307:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1278:Fallotaspidoidea
1267:
1266:
1265:
1248:Fallotaspidoidea
1235:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1212:
1211:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1011:
1010:
994:
983:
982:
980:
979:
973:
967:. Archived from
950:
941:
824:Plectrum absent.
723:Wolynaspis unica
598:
597:
405:Bradyfallotaspis
401:Bradyfallotaspis
101:
91:
28:
24:Temporal range:
21:Fallotaspidoidea
18:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1242:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1014:
996:
995:
986:
977:
975:
971:
948:
943:
942:
915:
910:
893:
874:
855:
825:
796:
777:
758:
738:
718:
688:
617:
589:
564:
539:
520:Fallotaspidella
515:Archaeaspididae
510:Parafallotaspis
505:Fallotaspididae
461:Daguinaspididae
452:
415:-group and the
362:
317:
309:
287:except for the
285:paleocontinents
245:Fallotaspidella
238:Parafallotaspis
217:Archaeaspididae
212:Daguinaspididae
207:Fallotaspididae
192:
189:
188:
176:
164:
152:
140:
128:
92:
90:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
34:
26:
25:
22:
12:
11:
5:
1361:
1359:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1296:
1283:
1268:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1214:
1213:
1164:
1150:(3): 308–337.
1134:
1104:
1082:
1073:
1055:
1046:
1024:
1012:
984:
959:(4): 692–708.
912:
911:
909:
906:
903:
902:
890:
884:
883:
871:
865:
864:
852:
846:
845:
841:
835:
834:
822:
816:
815:
812:
806:
805:
793:
787:
786:
774:
768:
767:
754:
748:
747:
734:
728:
727:
715:
709:
708:
704:
698:
697:
685:
679:
678:
674:
668:
667:
664:
658:
657:
653:
647:
646:
643:
637:
636:
633:
627:
626:
614:
608:
607:
604:
588:
585:
563:
560:
538:
535:
490:Profallotaspis
451:
448:
361:
358:
331:. The sutured
316:
313:
308:
305:
277:Lower Cambrian
251:
250:
249:
248:
241:
234:
220:
219:
214:
209:
201:
200:
194:
193:
190:
184:
182:
178:
177:
172:
170:
166:
165:
160:
158:
154:
153:
148:
146:
142:
141:
136:
134:
130:
129:
124:
122:
118:
117:
111:
110:
103:
102:
94:
93:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
30:
29:
23:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1360:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1229:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
991:
989:
985:
974:on 2011-08-12
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
947:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
914:
907:
901:
900:
899:
889:
882:
881:
880:
870:
863:
862:
861:
851:
840:
833:
832:
831:
821:
811:
804:
803:
802:
792:
785:
784:
783:
773:
766:
765:
764:
753:
746:
745:
744:
733:
726:
725:
724:
714:
703:
696:
695:
694:
684:
673:
663:
652:
642:
632:
625:
624:
623:
613:
603:
596:
594:
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
561:
559:
557:
556:
551:
550:
545:
544:
536:
534:
532:
531:
526:
522:
521:
516:
512:
511:
506:
502:
498:
497:
492:
491:
486:
485:
484:Eofallotaspis
480:
479:
474:
473:
468:
467:
462:
458:
457:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
429:
424:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
389:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
359:
357:
355:
354:Corynexochida
351:
350:Ptychopariida
347:
343:
339:
334:
330:
326:
322:
314:
312:
306:
304:
302:
301:
296:
295:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:, a group of
266:
262:
258:
247:
246:
242:
240:
239:
235:
233:
232:
228:
227:
226:
224:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
202:
199:
195:
187:
183:
181:Superfamily:
180:
179:
175:
171:
168:
167:
163:
159:
156:
155:
151:
147:
144:
143:
139:
135:
132:
131:
127:
123:
120:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
16:
1247:
1183:
1177:
1167:
1159:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1129:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1006:
1002:
976:. Retrieved
969:the original
956:
952:
896:
895:
887:
877:
876:
868:
858:
857:
849:
838:
828:
827:
819:
809:
799:
798:
790:
780:
779:
771:
761:
760:
751:
741:
740:
731:
721:
720:
712:
701:
691:
690:
682:
671:
661:
650:
640:
630:
620:
619:
611:
601:
590:
581:ocular lobes
565:
553:
547:
541:
540:
528:
524:
518:
508:
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
466:Choubertella
464:
454:
453:
440:paraphyletic
436:sister group
433:
430:from Morocco
427:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
394:
363:
318:
310:
307:Distribution
298:
292:
256:
254:
243:
236:
229:
221:
185:
106:
15:
1272:Wikispecies
879:Archaeaspis
830:Fallotaspis
562:Description
501:monotypical
496:Pelmanaspis
472:Daguinaspis
444:Redlichiina
426:Drawing of
417:Daguinaspis
413:Fallotaspis
409:Archaeaspis
397:Andalusiana
378:Olenellinae
370:Olenellidae
356:took over.
346:Olenelloids
333:Redlichiina
261:superfamily
162:Redlichiida
1333:Olenellina
1322:Categories
978:2012-09-16
908:References
593:Olenellina
569:Olenellina
530:Lemdadella
517:. Finally
478:Wolynaspis
456:Repinaella
382:Nevadiinae
342:Judomioids
338:Nevadioids
300:Lemdadella
281:Atdabanian
273:arthropods
265:trilobites
231:Repinaella
223:stem group
174:Olenellina
169:Suborder:
138:Arthropoda
1186:: 59–78.
1120:: 39–56.
1098:: 11–30.
1040:: 1–402.
757:pygidium.
595:article.
374:Holmiinae
329:Laurentia
150:Trilobita
121:Kingdom:
1257:Wikidata
1208:86307339
577:glabella
573:cephalon
525:Bigotina
380:and the
360:Taxonomy
325:Gondwana
289:Gondwana
225:genera:
198:Families
133:Phylum:
126:Animalia
1292:9073506
1263:Q610155
1188:Bibcode
503:family
481:, with
271:marine
269:extinct
157:Order:
145:Class:
1305:343952
1206:
1009:: 1–35
499:. The
399:, and
259:are a
1204:S2CID
972:(PDF)
949:(PDF)
552:and
527:and
493:and
475:and
366:taxa
352:and
344:and
255:The
32:Preęž’
1287:EoL
1196:doi
1152:doi
1122:doi
1118:108
1096:431
1038:103
961:doi
263:of
1324::
1302::
1289::
1274::
1259::
1202:.
1194:.
1184:72
1182:.
1176:.
1158:.
1148:28
1146:.
1128:.
1116:.
1094:.
1036:.
1015:^
1005:,
1001:,
987:^
957:76
955:.
951:.
916:^
894:→
875:→
869:10
856:→
826:→
797:→
778:→
759:→
739:→
719:→
689:→
618:→
546:,
533:.
469:,
340:,
82:Pg
1210:.
1198::
1190::
1154::
1124::
1007:3
981:.
963::
888:-
850:-
839:9
820:-
810:8
791:-
772:7
752:-
732:6
713:-
702:5
683:-
672:4
662:-
651:3
641:-
631:2
612:-
602:1
384:.
279:(
87:N
77:K
72:J
67:T
62:P
57:C
52:D
47:S
42:O
37:ęž’
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