Fallschirmjäger - Knowledge

669: 648: 588: 636: 793:, the German airborne forces would perform their last strategic parachute and glider performances of the war. The airborne troops captured a critical bridge that crossed the canal in the Isthmus of Corinth so German forces could pursue Allied forces further in the Greek mainland. The operation did not go smoothly due in part to heavy enemy ground fire. Demolition charges were also accidentally detonated, due to carelessness, leading to damage to the bridge and heavy casualties. One group of paratroopers was accidentally dropped into the sea where they all drowned. The airborne forces did manage to capture British anti-aircraft positions, which forced the surrender of the local town. 12,000 Commonwealth and Greek troops were also captured. The German airborne forces suffered 63 killed and 174 wounded. 619: 599: 3150: 2834: 77: 3053: 2787: 2774: 53: 3171: 3100: 863:

under the command of Major Rudolf Witzig. It had the strength of 716 men. It took up defensive positions west of Tunis where it had a series of battles with the advance guard of the Allied spearhead. Parts of the unit had received special training in reconnaissance and intelligence gathering. This intelligence led to the last parachute drop in North Africa. The operation ended up a major failure due to mostly inexperienced and poorly trained pilots. The

3001: 3113: 3184: 2975: 3027: 2907: 2761: 3066: 3014: 2988: 2962: 755:. Eben Emael consisted of multiple gun emplacements and was defended by 1,200 Belgian troops. There are few better representations by elite troops and everything was cutting edge at the time, from tactics to method of deployment. The airborne troops attacked the artillery casements and pillboxes with flame throwers, demolition charges, and hollow charge grenades. The mission was accomplished by 3087: 2928: 2873: 2813: 2860: 3040: 2847: 2800: 2949: 2894: 1212:. The plan was to capture a strategic crossroads in advance of the 12th SS Panzer Divisions breakthrough. However, the rushed training and inexperience of both the paratroopers and the luftwaffe aircrews made the operation a fiasco; a significant proportion of the force were dropped 80km from the drop zone and others were just returned to their airfields. Only about 300 2622: 1232:

In May 1945, the remaining paratroopers of the 1st and 4th Parachute Divisions surrendered in Italy along with the remaining Axis Forces. The Allied Forces had succeeded in driving Axis forces into the open where massive air support inflicted heavy casualties and material losses. The Axis campaign in

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against the American 7th Corps. American forces suffered 4,000 casualties in its effort to invest the port. Other elements of the 2nd Parachute Division were destroyed by American armored forces while on their way to assist the 5th Parachute Division at St. Malo. American forces captured Brest on 20

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In July 1942, the Ramcke Parachute Brigade was deployed to North Africa to assist the Axis war effort there. In late October the Brigade participated in the 2nd Battle of El Alamein. The Brigade successfully captured a British supply column which provided it with some trucks and much needed supplies

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in early 1943, based on the 2nd Parachute Brigade that had fought in North Africa. Sent to Rome as part of the occupation force when the Italian government began to reconsider its war effort, it later fought in Ukraine and in western France. The majority of the division was cut off and surrounded in

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transporters through a hatch in the roof and then, crawling along the wire, position themselves along the wings and top of the fuselage, and jump together when ordered), the exercise managed to land 1,000 troops through air-drops followed by another 2,500 soldiers with heavy equipment delivered via

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parachute in Italy in 1922 whereby parachutes are attached to the inside of the aircraft and deployed automatically upon departure. This technique used in the German Rückfallschirm, Zwangablösung (backpack parachute, static line) rig allowed jumps at lower altitudes, limiting exposure to enemy fire

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were transported by gliders in an operation to destroy bridges and supply routes used by the British. It too was a disaster. Some of the gliders were shot down while flying over enemy lines while others were destroyed while approaching their targets. Most of the paras were killed in the operation.

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and force the Dutch to surrender. Therefore, the performance of the paratroopers in the Netherlands was mixed as far as efficiency and results was concerned. The 22nd Air Landing Division was forced to land many of its aircraft on exposed motorways because the 7th Air Division had failed to secure

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but after heavy losses there, Hitler refused to consider using his troops in a significant airborne role again. It became the 1st Parachute Division in 1942, when it was reformed in Russia. The division existed as a fighting unit until the German surrender in Italy of 2 May 1945, one week before

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Repeated pinpoint artillery attacks on Allied assault troops caused their leaders to conclude the abbey was being used by the Germans as an observation post, at the least. Fears escalated along with casualties and in spite of a lack of clear evidence, it was marked for destruction. On 15 February

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In September 1944, the 4th Parachute Division was defending positions at the Futa and 2 Giogo Passes when the U.S. 91st and 85th divisions mounted an attack. This was followed by six days of intense fighting. American forces succeeded in capturing the 2nd Giogo Pass, Monticelli Ridge, and Monte

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suffered heavy casualties. The 2nd Battalion of the 5th Regiment was destroyed. By 6 January 1944 the 7th, 5th, and 2nd Regiments had been forced to retreat from Novgorodka due to the efforts of the Red Army. The Paras dug in around Kirovograd. In March the Red Army once again resumed operations

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Between November and December 1942, the 1st and 3rd Battalions of the 5th Parachute Regiment were flown into Tunisia to protect its airfields and take up defensive positions around the city of Koch during the Allied Operation Torch. It was followed closely by the 11th Parachute Pioneer Battalion

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On 11 July 1944 the 3rd Parachute Division suffered heavy casualties while attempting to prevent American forces from capturing the city of St. Lo. The German 12th Parachute Gun Brigade, 3rd Parachute Reconnaissance Company, and 3rd Engineer Battalion all suffered heavy casualties mostly due to

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of the 3rd Battalion of the 4th Regiment, 7th Airborne Division defended a hill at Lushi on the Eastern Front. They were reinforced by paras from 3rd Battalion of the 3rd Regiment. Between 20 and 27 March these two battalions held off two complete Soviet divisions. In May 1943, what was left of

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for jump training while the rest of the regiment was sent to Altengrabow. Germany's parachute arm was officially inaugurated on 29 January 1936 with an Order of the Day calling for recruits for parachute training at the Stendal Parachute Training School located 96 km (60 mi) west of

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On 25 July 1944, the 21st Parachute Pioneer Battalion was positioned on the road between Dunaburg and Kovno in Lithuania. The Red Army attacked the Battalion the following day. The Battalion would be encircled and eventually destroyed. The unit would be disbanded and sent to other

376:. The school was activated several months after the first parachute units were established in January 1936 and was open to active and reserve Luftwaffe personnel. NCOs, officers and other ranks of the Luftwaffe were required to successfully complete six jumps in order to receive the 1532:. A reprisal against civilians was ordered by Student, to send a message to the Cretan population to not resist German occupation of the island. A select group of Fallschirmjäger were chosen, composed of four trucks full of German paratroopers from the III Battalion of 1097:

attacking along a twenty-mile front. The German defenders were finally driven from their positions, but at a high cost. The capture of Monte Cassino resulted in 55,000 Allied casualties, with German losses being far fewer, estimated at around 20,000 killed and wounded.

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successfully captured bridges at Moerdijk and Dordrecht. The airborne troops suffered heavy casualties while taking Dordrecht. The paratroopers were able to capture airfields at Valkenburg, Ockenburg, Waalhaven, and Ypenburg. Yet, the Germans failed to capture

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On 15 April 1945, 760 Allied bombers pounded the positions of 1st Parachute Corps and other Axis units in the Argenta Gap, Italy. The paratroopers continued to fight but by 18 April, the Axis forces wavered to the massive Allied ground and aerial onslaught.

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by name only, as they were hastily formed in late 1944–early 1945 from a disparate collection of Luftwaffe units, including ground crews. They never reached divisional strength and were under-trained and mostly ill-prepared for combat. The 8th fought in the

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during combat operations. The Soviet unit tried counterattacking on 10 June, but was repulsed. The Soviet formation was effectively destroyed, with the support of the Luftwaffe, which used anti-personnel bombs against Soviet infantry caught in the open.

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on 16 March 1935). The unit was incorporated into the newly formed Luftwaffe on 1 October of the same year and training commenced at Altengrabow. Göring also ordered that volunteers be drawn for parachute training. These volunteers would form a core

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was ordered to the Eastern Front where it took up position near the Russian held town of Zhitomir. The Red Army was to seize a communication center there and destroy the entire German Southern wing. The Red Army's primary aim was also to take

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In April 1945, the 9th Parachute Division would be destroyed while trying to contain a Russian bridgehead on the west bank of the River Oder. What remained of the unit would be destroyed while trying to defend Berlin from the Red Army.

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During the interwar years, the rapid development of aircraft and aviation technology drew the attention of imaginative military planners. The idea of aerially inserting a large body of troops inside enemy territory was proposed during

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gathered but the panzers failed to break through. As they were only equipped for a 24 hour operation, the survivors tried to return to German lines but the majority either became casualties or, including the commander, were captured.

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Impressed, Göring became personally committed to the creation of Germany's airborne arm in the 1930s. As Prussian Minister-president and Minister of the Interior, he had ordered the formation of a specialist police unit in 1933, the

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In April 1945, the 10th Parachute Division would be destroyed by the Red Army in Austria. The division's artillery battalion was destroyed in Feldbach by the Red Army. What remained of the unit would be destroyed north of Bruenn.

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The Soviets were the first to demonstrate the military possibilities of airborne infantry in the 1930s with a series of maneuvers held in 1935 and 1936. Though somewhat crude (the Soviet paratroopers had to exit their slow-moving

2611: 937:. The operation received wide acclaim despite there being very little enemy resistance during the operation. Only two enemy soldiers died during the operation. The primary unit responsible for the success of the mission was 1154:. Initially, the Americans would suffer the loss of their outposts mostly due to German artillery and mortar fire. The Americans held due to their artillery and air support, and the paras eventually were forced to retreat. 325:. The unit carried out conventional police duties for the next two years under the command of Göring's ministerial adjutant Friedrich Jakoby, but it was Göring's intention to ultimately produce a unit that would match the 177: 1176:

September 1944. What was left of the 2nd Parachute Corps was sent to Cologne after Falaise for rest and refitting. Heydte's 6th Parachute Regiment went to Guestrow-Mecklenburg to form the foundation of a new regiment.

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and the entrances to the Liri and Rapido valleys. Lying in a protected historic zone, it had been left unoccupied by the Germans. They had defended some positions set into the steep slopes below the abbey's walls.

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uniform consisted of a pair of Field Grey trousers, a Field Blue tunic and a green jump smock. The webbing was often made of brown leather in this period, although M1940 webbing differed. The

3250: 426:, that lasted until September 1944. A new 2nd Parachute Division was formed in November 1944 and the following year was involved in fighting in Arnhem, during the Rhine crossings and in the 3129: 2597: 2728: 317:

Walther Wecke of the Prussian Police Force, who had assembled a special detachment of 14 officers and 400 men within just two days. On 17 July, the detachment was officially renamed

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outstanding American artillery fire. The Paras would hold out until 27 July due to their great effort. German forces managed to inflict 11,000 casualties on its American opponents.

1556:. As a further reprisal against the Cretans the following day, the 1st Air Landing Assault Regiment of the Fallschirmjäger killed one hundred eighty inhabitants in the village of 2721: 2584: 504:

Parachute divisions were formed in 1944 in France and Germany respectively and fought on the western front as regular infantry. Both divisions surrendered at the end of May.

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effort to relieve the city. In October 1941, the German paratroopers were involved in heavy fighting against the Soviets and were successful in holding off Soviet attacks.

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designated airfields. Most aircraft ended up being shot up by Dutch infantry and artillery fire. The airborne troops were able to cause disruption behind Dutch lines.

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the 1st and 3rd Battalions of the 1st Parachute Regiment and the 2nd Battalion of the Luftlande-Sturmregiment (Airlanding Assault Regiment) were assigned to the

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inflicted heavy casualties on American forces due mostly to tactical superiority and the terrain preventing the Americans from utilizing their armored forces.

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were no longer trained as paratroops due to Germany's deteriorating strategic situation and fought as infantrymen. Near the end of the war, the series of new

812:. The Battle for Crete would see the Germans lose approx. 3,800 dead and 2,600 wounded. The Allies' losses were approximately 1,700 dead and 15,000 captured. 1590: 3220: 3215: 1190:

On 21 September 1944, British and Canadian forces were successful in overcoming defensive positions occupied by the 1st Parachute Corps to capture Rimini.

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suffered heavy casualties while defending a sector along the River Mius around the town of Charzysk during the winter of 1941 and into early 1942.

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Waffen und Geheimwaffen des deutschen Heeres 1933–1945. Band I. Infanteriewaffen, Pionierwaffen, Artilleriewaffen, Pulver, Spreng- und Kampfstoffe

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divisions extended to thirteen on paper; the last three divisions to be created (11th, 20th and 21st) were never fully formed and saw no combat.

947:. General Kurt Student played a major role in the planning of the operation. The operation ended up being controversial due to Waffen SS legend 869:

were dropped too far from their targets. The paras never made it to their targets because many were captured by British patrols as they landed.

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On 13 October 1944, Axis forces which included the 4th Parachute Division manage to halt an Allied 2nd Corps' advance south of Bologna, Italy.

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was formed in France in 1943. It was involved in the fighting in Normandy after D-Day and most of its personnel were killed or captured in the

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Between 17 January and 18 May, Monte Cassino and the Gustav defenses were assaulted four times by Allied troops, the last involving twenty

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The 2nd Parachute Regiment, an Assault Regiment Battalion, and Antitank and Machine Gun Battalions were sent to conduct operations in

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American bombers dropped 1,400 tons of high explosives, creating widespread damage. The raid failed to achieve its objective, as the

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Lehr Batallion. It was considered elite of the elite and named for security reasons 1./FJR7. It was under the command of Major

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German Order of Battle, Volume Two: 291st–999th Infantry Divisions, Named Infantry Divisions, and Special Divisions in WWII

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had been decimated by the fighting and by the end of the month the division was transferred back to Germany for refitting.

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High Command was forced to abandon the idea, as it was unprepared for such an undertaking, both logistically and in

1605: 1027: 392:, was formed in 1938. It carried out airborne operations in the early stages of the war, including the successful 1150:

On 11 July 1944 the 1st Battalion, 9th Parachute Regiment executed a successful attack on the U.S. 1st Battalion,

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and the hedgerows to their advantage to negate American superiority in both firepower and quantity of troops. The

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The final major offensive German action of the Greece campaign was the German invasion of Crete, in May 1941. The

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Battalion/RGG, commanded by Bruno Bräuer, and the 15th Engineer Company/RGG and were transferred to training area

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and rounded up the male villagers and chose their victims. Between twenty-three and sixty men were killed in a

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especially during Operation Merkur which would be the end of large scale airborne and glider operations for the

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against the 2nd Parachute Division. By the last week of the month the Red Army had forced the paras across the

248:. The first effective means of supporting massed infantry airborne operations came with the development of the 222: 170: 2511:

Fallschirmjager at the Gran Sasso: The Liberation of Mussolini by the German parachutist on 12 September 1943

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also had their first defeat in Norway, when a company was dropped on the village and railroad junction of

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and providing a tighter drop zone grouping than individually deployed rip-cord type parachutes. The word

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In early January 1944, the Red Army conducted a new offensive against the 2nd Parachute Division. The

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where they would establish defensive positions on the opposite bank. By May the Red Army forced the

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Parachute divisions were formed in 1943. The 4th also contained Italian paratroopers drawn from the

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troops managed to take much of the credit for the success of the operation despite the fact the 82

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On 3 July 1944 the 2nd Parachute Corps battled the U.S. 1st Army at Coutances-Marigny-St. Lo. The

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soldiers played a more significant role during the operation. Skorzeny received a promotion to

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before being destroyed in April 1945; the 10th surrendered to Soviet army forces in May 1945.

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In September 1944, the 1st Parachute Corps fought in the Allied Offensive in Italy known as

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From late October 1941 until 4 July 1942, the 22nd Air Landing Division participated in the

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valleys and some of the surrounding peaks and ridges. Together, these features formed the

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managed to assist other German forces in plugging the gaps created by the Soviet advance.

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into Germany's first dedicated airborne regiment, giving it the military designation

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were specifically deployed to the east of Leningrad on the River Neva to confront a

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occupied the rubble and established excellent defensive positions amid the ruins.

563:. Paratrooper helmet M36 was often worn with fine or wide netting, often made of 492:. It was reformed in the Netherlands with Luftwaffe ground crew. It fought in the 3183: 3052: 3000: 2974: 1595: 1549: 1187:

Altuzzo, in Italy, mostly due to the overwhelming firepower of American forces.

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and along the Rhine before its survivors surrendered at the end of the war. The

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On 25 July 1944, the 2nd Parachute Division was involved in the defense of

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commanders were flown out of North Africa and managed to escape captivity.

727: 363:("parachute troops"). In January 1936, 600 men and officers formed the 1st 699:

were sent to occupy several airfields between the Vistula and Bug rivers.

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while the women and children of the village watched as witnesses to the

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also participating in the operation. Skorzeny and his participating 26

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M36, which differed heavily from the typical M1935, M1940, and M1942

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airlandings. The gathered forces proceeded to carry out conventional

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Among the first to recognize the potential of airborne forces were

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On 15 December 1943, the 2nd Parachute Division was airlifted to

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conducted a successful rescue mission of Italian Prime minister

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Party officials. The organization of this unit was entrusted to

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Hitler's Sky Warriors: German Paratroopers in Action, 1939–1945

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Hitler's Sky Warriors: German Paratroopers in Action, 1939–1945

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and fame that led to his "most dangerous man in Europe" image.

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German paratroopers prepare to be flown to the Greek island of

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Paratrooper branch of the Luftwaffe (Air force of Nazi Germany)

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units in North Africa had been captured by Allied forces. The

1362:– last division to receive near full Fallschirmjäger training 1735: 1733: 693:

During the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, the

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How Effective Were the German Paratroopers in World War Two

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in August 1944. It was then reformed and took part in the

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Fallschirmjager: Elite German Paratroops in World War Two

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On 26 December 1942, the men of Parachute Company of the

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were deployed, while approximately 12,000 troops of the

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while the 9th and 10th fought on the rapidly collapsing

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during the German retreat from France, resulting in the

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B Flight Combat Control Team (CCT), No. 4 Squadron RAAF

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The first opposed airborne attacks occurred during the

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Infantry divisions with fallschirmjäger in title only

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and the 286th Self Propelled Artillery Brigade. The

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Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

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Real History of World War II: A New Look at the Past

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had suffered the following losses by February 1945:

3140: 2751: 132: 127: 117: 103: 88: 70: 62: 41: 976:During 26 September 1943 to 16 November 1943, the 538:, including within Germany. The 9th fought in the 3251:Military units and formations established in 1935 481:. It surrendered to Allied forces in April 1945. 2402: 2400: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2282: 2280: 2278: 1272:Total: 121,593 enlisted men and 2,827 officers. 2419:– Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1986 – 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2078: 2076: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 1997: 1995: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1906: 1904: 1885: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1265:56,388 enlisted men and 1,206 officers wounded 2729: 2605: 2110: 2108: 2106: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1626:1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring 802:would suffer further heavy losses during the 8: 1591:Japanese marine paratroopers of World War II 1287: 1281: 1268:43,896 enlisted men and 889 officers missing 1253: 1163: 1142: 1132: 1123: 1113: 1102: 1085: 1034: 1021: 1000: 977: 958: 938: 924: 915: 909: 902: 893: 864: 845: 828: 807: 797: 775: 742: 721: 707: 694: 684: 651: 622: 553:infantry paratrooper's uniform included the 520: 334:In March–April 1935, Göring transformed the 254: 159: 42: 1723: 1721: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1686: 1684: 1674: 1672: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1262:21,309 enlisted men and 732 officers killed 1043:. Allied Forces' aim was a breakthrough to 2880:31st Search and Rescue Operations Squadron 2745:Air force ground forces and special forces 2736: 2722: 2714: 2612: 2598: 2590: 730:on 14 April 1940 and was destroyed by the 408:was formed in France under the command of 297:. Among the foreign observers present was 706:, first during the initial invasion when 3236:Airborne units and formations of Germany 2196:The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill 1642: 1640: 2628:parachute divisions during World War II 2482:Sevastopol 1942: Von Manstein's Triumph 2443:. Staplehurst, UK: Spellmount Limited. 2233: 1811: 1799: 1787: 1775: 1763: 1751: 1739: 1636: 1348:– included volunteers from the Italian 1026:participated in fierce fighting around 751:on the powerful fortification known as 575:rifle was used heavily by units of the 388:The 7th Air Division, later called the 2556:Sutherland, Jon & Canwell, Diane. 1428:– partially formed, did not see combat 1422:– partially formed, did not see combat 1204:Freiherr von der Heydte made the last 1137:utilized the terrain of the so-called 1067:, a historic hilltop abbey founded in 933:at the Gran Sasso. It is known as the 38: 3125:USAF Air Support Operations Squadrons 1834:The Fallschirmjäger Battle at Dombaas 1493:Fallschirmjäger-Bataillon Brandenburg 1033:During 17 January – 18 May 1944, the 205:, the Luftwaffe's second-in-command. 169: 7: 664:, confronting Cretan Greek villagers 396:in Belgium. It later fought in the 355:("parachute soldiers battalion"), a 272:"hunter", the light infantry of the 3059:Parachute Reconnaissance Company 17 2544:The Fall of Eben Emael Belgium 1940 451:185th Paratroopers Division Folgore 401:the end of World War II in Europe. 201:operations. They were commanded by 3221:German World War II special forces 2224:. Barnes & Noble Books, p. 92. 1650:, p. 12. Spellmount Limited, 2000. 1433:Independent Regiments and brigades 852:Soviet 79th Naval Infantry Brigade 712:captured the defended air base of 675:of Cretan Greek male civilians in 567:. During the 1939–41 period, the 457:; it was largely destroyed in the 323:Landespolizeigruppe General Göring 25: 2504:German Paratroops in North Africa 2198:: Defender of the Realm 1940–1965 1196:On December 17, 1944, during the 380:(instituted on 5 November 1936). 3182: 3169: 3148: 3111: 3098: 3085: 3064: 3051: 3038: 3025: 3012: 2999: 2986: 2973: 2960: 2947: 2926: 2905: 2892: 2871: 2858: 2845: 2832: 2820:Agrupación Antisecuestros Aéreos 2811: 2798: 2785: 2772: 2759: 2620: 1208:parachute operation of the war, 971:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 75: 57:Eagle of the German Paratroopers 51: 32:Fallschirmjäger (disambiguation) 3216:Fallschirmjäger of World War II 2070:Sutherland & Canwell p. 128 1453:8. ''Fallschirmjäger'' Division 1449:Fallschirmjäger-Regiment Hübner 1075:, dominated the nearby town of 3130:USAF Special Tactics Squadrons 1552:which came to be known as the 530:before being destroyed in the 1: 3007:710th Special Operations Wing 1948:Sutherland & Canwell p. 8 447:184th Airborne Division Nembo 378:Luftwaffe Parachutist's Badge 342:(RGG) on 1 April 1935 (after 3033:Sri Lanka Air Force Regiment 2853:Fusiliers Commandos de l'Air 2439:Ailsby, Christopher (2000). 1474:600th SS Parachute Battalion 1469:500th SS Parachute Battalion 884:. They would be assigned to 817:invasion of the Soviet Union 540:Battle of the Seelow Heights 453:. The 3rd fought during the 353:Fallschirmschützen Bataillon 336:Landespolizei General Göring 289:attacks with the support of 3078:Special Operations Regiment 3073:RTAF Security Force Command 1388:assets on the Western Front 1200:a kampfgruppe commanded by 859:for the retreat westwards. 764:invasion of the Netherlands 3272: 1606:List of paratrooper forces 1536:commanded by Oberleutnant 1534:Luftlande-Sturm-Regiment 1 1513: 1016:. It was supported by the 923:On 12 September 1943, the 591:A paratroop crew firing a 394:capture of Fort Ében-Émael 29: 3211:Fallschirmjäger divisions 3177:Royal Air Force Commandos 3162:Luftwaffe Field Divisions 3046:Swedish Air Force Rangers 2885:Hellenic Air Force Police 2866:German Air Force Regiment 2633: 1504:91st Air Landing Division 1499:22nd Air Landing Division 1325:Fallschirmjäger Divisions 1103: 772:22nd Air Landing Division 766:over 2,000 troops of the 319:Landespolizeigruppe Wecke 50: 3093:Combat Search and Rescue 2767:Special Operations Group 2564:Pen & Sword Military 2480:Forczyk, Robert (2008). 1621:Fallschirmjägergewehr 42 1526:German invasion of Crete 1444:Luftlande-Sturm-Regiment 1439:Ramcke Parachute Brigade 1012:and put on the front at 990:. In November 1943, the 309:, devoted to protecting 229:in France. However, the 171:[ˈfalʃɪʁmˌjɛːɡɐ] 2780:Airfield Defence Guards 2509:Lopez, Oscar Gonzalez. 1980:Forzcyk 2008, pp. 58–59 1426:21st Parachute Division 1420:20th Parachute Division 1414:11th Parachute Division 1409:10th Parachute Division 1152:115th Infantry Regiment 1041:Battle of Monte Cassino 774:also participated. The 415:Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke 340:Regiment General Göring 147:Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke 1489:Brandenburger Regiment 1451:, subordinated to the 1404:9th Parachute Division 1399:8th Parachute Division 1371:7th Parachute Division 1366:6th Parachute Division 1360:5th Parachute Division 1346:4th Parachute Division 1341:3rd Parachute Division 1336:2nd Parachute Division 1331:1st Parachute Division 1288: 1282: 1254: 1164: 1143: 1133: 1124: 1114: 1086: 1035: 1022: 1001: 992:2nd Parachute Division 978: 959: 939: 925: 916: 910: 903: 894: 865: 846: 829: 808: 798: 776: 743: 722: 708: 695: 690: 685: 665: 652: 644: 632: 623: 615: 595: 521: 486:5th Parachute Division 463:Battle of the Ardennes 406:2nd Parachute Division 390:1st Parachute Division 307:Polizeiabteilung Wecke 255: 160: 43: 2981:RNZAF Security Forces 2524:. Mechanicsburg, PA: 2222:Atlas of World War II 1646:Ailsby, Christopher: 1574:Rapid Forces Division 1554:Massacre of Kondomari 1516:Massacre of Kondomari 1460:Other parachute units 1247:General Staff of the 1237:had ended in defeat. 1118:back to the river of 671: 650: 638: 621: 601: 590: 3241:Military parachuting 3120:USAF Security Forces 2994:Special Service Wing 2955:17º Stormo Incursori 2900:Garud Commando Force 2840:PLAAF Airborne Corps 2825:Comandos de Aviación 1039:participated in the 1018:11th Panzer Division 982:participated in the 874:Brandenburg Regiment 850:overran most of the 741:On 10 May 1940, the 689:paratroopers in 1941 30:For other uses, see 2914:Bravo Detachment 90 2551:German Paratroopers 2304:Ailsby pp. 144, 145 2220:Jordan, D, (2004), 2187:Manchester, William 1814:, pp. 295–296. 1802:, pp. 290–294. 1790:, pp. 288–289. 1778:, pp. 285–288. 1766:, pp. 282–285. 1754:, pp. 291–293. 1742:, pp. 281–282. 1356:parachute divisions 1198:Battle of the Bulge 969:, the award of the 901:In March 1943, the 842:Siege of Sevastopol 227:U.S. Army Air Corps 225:, commander of the 2518:Mitcham, Samuel W. 1520:Razing of Kandanos 1416:– partially formed 1319:II Parachute Corps 1302:1st Parachute Army 1110:Southern Bug River 1073:Benedict of Nursia 757:Sturmgruppe Granit 704:Norwegian Campaign 691: 666: 645: 633: 616: 596: 555:paratrooper helmet 494:Ardennes offensive 291:heavy machine guns 193:before and during 3198: 3197: 2711: 2710: 2572:978-1-84468-889-0 2535:978-0-8117-3437-0 2495:978-1-84603-221-9 2486:Osprey Publishing 2472:978-1-4027-4090-9 2010:Ailsby pp. 88, 89 1616:Maquis du Vercors 1562:razed the village 1314:I Parachute Corps 1245:According to the 1210:Operation Stösser 736:a five-day battle 455:Normandy campaign 266:"parachute", and 220:Brigadier General 152: 151: 16:(Redirected from 3263: 3187: 3186: 3174: 3173: 3153: 3152: 3116: 3115: 3103: 3102: 3090: 3089: 3069: 3068: 3056: 3055: 3043: 3042: 3030: 3029: 3017: 3016: 3004: 3003: 2991: 2990: 2978: 2977: 2965: 2964: 2952: 2951: 2931: 2930: 2910: 2909: 2897: 2896: 2876: 2875: 2863: 2862: 2850: 2849: 2837: 2836: 2816: 2815: 2803: 2802: 2790: 2789: 2777: 2776: 2764: 2763: 2738: 2731: 2724: 2715: 2624: 2614: 2607: 2600: 2591: 2539: 2502:Hodgin, John, E. 2499: 2476: 2454: 2427: 2413: 2407: 2404: 2395: 2392: 2377: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2287: 2284: 2273: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2183: 2177: 2174: 2153: 2150: 2133: 2132:Lopez pp. 51, 54 2130: 2124: 2121: 2115: 2112: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2071: 2068: 2059: 2056: 2045: 2042: 2027: 2024: 2011: 2008: 2002: 1999: 1990: 1987: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1920: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1899: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1878: 1875: 1866: 1863: 1857: 1854: 1839: 1838: 1830: 1824: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1728: 1725: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1691: 1688: 1679: 1676: 1667: 1664: 1651: 1644: 1585:Giretsu Kuteitai 1291: 1285: 1280:After mid-1944, 1257: 1167: 1146: 1136: 1127: 1117: 1106: 1105: 1089: 1038: 1025: 1004: 981: 962: 942: 931:Benito Mussolini 928: 919: 913: 906: 897: 886:Army Group South 868: 849: 832: 821:Army Group North 815:During the 1941 811: 801: 779: 768:7th Air Division 746: 725: 711: 698: 688: 656:paratroopers at 655: 626: 544:Battle of Berlin 524: 424:Battle for Brest 361:Fallschirmtruppe 258: 209:Between the wars 181: 180: 179: 173: 168: 163: 143:Richard Heidrich 81: 79: 78: 55: 46: 39: 21: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3181: 3168: 3157:Fallschirmjäger 3147: 3136: 3110: 3097: 3084: 3063: 3050: 3037: 3024: 3011: 2998: 2985: 2972: 2959: 2946: 2935:Yehidat Shaldag 2925: 2904: 2891: 2870: 2857: 2844: 2831: 2810: 2797: 2784: 2771: 2758: 2747: 2742: 2712: 2707: 2629: 2618: 2581: 2579:Further reading 2536: 2526:Stackpole Books 2516: 2496: 2479: 2473: 2457: 2451: 2438: 2435: 2430: 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1181:Operation Olive 1165:Fallschirmjäger 1144:Fallschirmjäger 1134:Fallschirmjäger 1125:Fallschirmjäger 1115:Fallschirmjäger 1104:Fallschirmjäger 1087:Fallschirmjäger 1036:Fallschirmjäger 1023:Fallschirmjäger 1002:Fallschirmjäger 984:Battle of Leros 979:Fallschirmjäger 966:Sturmbannführer 960:Fallschirmjäger 940:Fallschirmjäger 935:Gran Sasso raid 926:Fallschirmjäger 917:Fallschirmjäger 911:Fallschirmjäger 904:Fallschirmjäger 895:Fallschirmjäger 866:Fallschirmjäger 847:Fallschirmjäger 830:Fallschirmjäger 809:Fallschirmjäger 804:Battle of Crete 799:Fallschirmjäger 791:Greece campaign 777:Fallschirmjäger 749:successful raid 744:Fallschirmjäger 723:Fallschirmjäger 709:Fallschirmjäger 696:Fallschirmjäger 686:Fallschirmjäger 653:Fallschirmjäger 624:Fallschirmjäger 602:Burning German 585: 577:Fallschirmjäger 569:Fallschirmjäger 551:Fallschirmjäger 522:Fallschirmjäger 471:Battle of Anzio 411:Generalleutnant 398:Battle of Crete 386: 256:Fallschirmjäger 211: 176: 175: 174: 166: 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Göring 287:light infantry 223:Billy Mitchell 210: 207: 186:branch of the 153: 150: 149: 136: 130: 129: 125: 124: 119: 115: 114: 108:Light infantry 105: 101: 100: 90: 86: 85: 72: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 56: 48: 47: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3268: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3191: 3185: 3180: 3178: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3151: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3139: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3101: 3096: 3094: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3067: 3062: 3060: 3054: 3049: 3047: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3028: 3023: 3021: 3020:Polícia Aérea 3015: 3010: 3008: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2968:RMAF Regiment 2963: 2958: 2956: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2924: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2903: 2901: 2895: 2890: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2874: 2869: 2867: 2861: 2856: 2854: 2848: 2843: 2841: 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1329: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1284: 1276:List of units 1275: 1273: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1177: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1159: 1155: 1153: 1148: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1099: 1096: 1091: 1088: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1065:Monte Cassino 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1031: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1003: 998: 993: 989: 988:Battle of Kos 985: 980: 974: 972: 968: 967: 961: 956: 955: 950: 949:Otto Skorzeny 946: 941: 936: 932: 927: 921: 918: 912: 905: 899: 896: 891: 887: 883: 878: 875: 870: 867: 860: 856: 853: 848: 843: 838: 836: 831: 826: 822: 818: 813: 810: 805: 800: 794: 792: 787: 784: 778: 773: 769: 765: 760: 758: 754: 750: 745: 739: 737: 733: 729: 724: 719: 715: 710: 705: 700: 697: 687: 682: 678: 674: 670: 663: 659: 654: 649: 642: 637: 630: 625: 620: 613: 609: 605: 600: 594: 589: 582: 580: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 561: 556: 552: 547: 545: 541: 537: 536:Eastern Front 533: 529: 523: 518: 514: 510: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 467:Italian front 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 416: 413: 412: 407: 402: 399: 395: 391: 383: 381: 379: 375: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 349: 345: 341: 337: 332: 330: 329: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 302: 300: 296: 292: 288: 283: 277: 275: 274:Prussian Army 271: 270: 265: 262: 257: 251: 247: 243: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 221: 217: 208: 206: 204: 200: 196: 192: 189: 185: 178: 172: 164: 162: 154:Military unit 148: 144: 140: 137: 131: 126: 123: 120: 116: 113: 109: 106: 102: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 73: 69: 65: 61: 54: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 3226:Paratroopers 3156: 3106:RAF Regiment 2557: 2550: 2543: 2521: 2510: 2503: 2481: 2462: 2440: 2416: 2411: 2394:Ailsby p. 79 2372: 2363: 2336: 2309: 2300: 2291: 2268: 2259: 2254:Ailsby p. 78 2234:Axelrod 2008 2229: 2221: 2216: 2194: 2181: 2176:Ailsby p. 75 2152:Ailsby p. 74 2128: 2119: 2096: 2087: 2082:Ailsby p. 93 2058:Ailsby p. 67 2044:Ailsby p. 91 2026:Ailsby p. 90 2006: 2001:Ailsby p. 87 1989:Ailsby p. 84 1985: 1976: 1971:Ailsby p. 66 1953: 1944: 1915: 1894: 1861: 1837:(in English) 1828: 1819: 1812:Mitcham 2007 1807: 1800:Mitcham 2007 1795: 1788:Mitcham 2007 1783: 1776:Mitcham 2007 1771: 1764:Mitcham 2007 1759: 1752:Mitcham 2007 1747: 1740:Mitcham 2007 1711: 1647: 1583: 1546:firing squad 1538:Horst Trebes 1533: 1523: 1385: 1381: 1374: 1279: 1271: 1248: 1244: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1213: 1205: 1201: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1178: 1170: 1160: 1156: 1149: 1138: 1130: 1100: 1092: 1082: 1032: 1007: 975: 964: 952: 922: 900: 890:Alfred Sturm 879: 871: 861: 857: 839: 814: 795: 788: 761: 756: 747:performed a 740: 701: 692: 583:World War II 576: 568: 565:chicken wire 558: 550: 549:The typical 548: 506: 483: 436: 432:Army Group B 409: 403: 387: 364: 360: 352: 348:conscription 339: 335: 333: 326: 322: 318: 315:Polizeimajor 314: 306: 303: 282:Tupolev TB-3 278: 267: 263: 259:is from the 246:Soviet Union 239: 212: 203:Kurt Student 195:World War II 158: 156: 139:Kurt Student 122:World War II 83:Nazi Germany 36: 2100:Lopez p. 20 2091:Lopez p. 24 1957:McNab p. 72 1939:McNab p. 59 1919:McNab p. 57 1910:McNab p. 55 1898:McNab p. 54 1889:McNab p. 52 1877:McNab p. 50 1865:McNab p. 49 1823:McNab p. 39 1596:Paratrooper 1550:mass murder 1524:During the 1061:Gustav Line 1049:Rapido-Gari 945:Harald Mors 789:During the 762:During the 673:Mass murder 627:landing on 612:Netherlands 542:and in the 532:Ruhr Pocket 528:Netherlands 479:Gothic Line 477:and on the 428:Ruhr Pocket 359:for future 346:introduced 250:static-line 216:World War I 184:paratrooper 182:) were the 118:Engagements 3205:Categories 2488:, Oxford. 2123:Lopez p. 7 2114:Lopez p. 6 1856:McNab p. 4 1632:References 1510:War crimes 1241:Casualties 1057:Garigliano 1028:Novgorodka 1010:Kirovograd 827:area. The 753:Ében-Émael 328:Reichswehr 293:and light 264:Fallschirm 135:commanders 128:Commanders 3231:Luftwaffe 2626:Luftwaffe 2191:Paul Reid 1542:Kondomari 1530:Wehrmacht 1463:Waffen-SS 1386:Luftwaffe 1249:Wehrmacht 1095:divisions 954:Waffen SS 825:Leningrad 783:The Hague 718:Stavanger 677:Kondomari 658:Kondomari 614:, in 1940 560:Stahlhelm 384:Formation 295:artillery 191:Luftwaffe 97:Air Force 93:Luftwaffe 66:1935–1945 3246:Infantry 3190:Unit 684 2940:Unit 669 2919:Kopasgat 2806:Para-SAR 2520:(2007). 2461:(2008). 2193:(2012). 1611:Commando 1568:See also 1558:Kandanos 1120:Dniester 835:Red Army 608:Ypenburg 369:Döberitz 244:and the 235:materiel 199:airborne 3141:Defunct 2752:Current 2703:Erdmann 2433:Sources 1377:Erdmann 1168:units. 1077:Cassino 1071:529 by 1014:Klintsy 882:Ukraine 716:, near 643:in 1943 631:in 1941 231:Entente 167:German: 133:Notable 71:Country 3188: 3175: 3104: 3091: 3057: 3044: 3031: 3018: 3005: 2992: 2979: 2966: 2953: 2898: 2864: 2851: 2838: 2804: 2791: 2778: 2765: 2570: 2532: 2492: 2469: 2447: 2423: 2204: 1382:ad hoc 1375:Group 1139:bocage 1122:. The 892:. The 844:. The 728:Dombås 720:. The 593:mortar 374:Berlin 344:Hitler 261:German 188:German 89:Branch 80: 63:Active 1380:, an 1354:185th 1350:184th 1308:Corps 1235:Italy 1173:Brest 681:Crete 662:Crete 641:Leros 629:Crete 573:FG-42 519:were 430:with 420:Brest 365:Jäger 357:cadre 269:Jäger 242:Italy 2698:21st 2693:20th 2688:11th 2683:10th 2568:ISBN 2530:ISBN 2490:ISBN 2467:ISBN 2445:ISBN 2421:ISBN 2202:ISBN 1560:and 1518:and 1483:Army 1352:and 1296:Army 1252:the 1055:and 1053:Liri 1045:Rome 997:Kiev 714:Sola 517:10th 515:and 507:The 500:and 484:The 475:Rome 449:and 441:and 437:The 404:The 311:Nazi 157:The 104:Type 2678:9th 2673:8th 2668:7th 2663:6th 2658:5th 2653:4th 2648:3rd 2643:2nd 2638:1st 734:in 683:by 606:at 513:9th 509:8th 502:7th 498:6th 443:4th 439:3rd 237:. 218:by 3207:: 2566:. 2562:. 2528:. 2484:. 2399:^ 2381:^ 2345:^ 2318:^ 2277:^ 2241:^ 2189:; 2157:^ 2137:^ 2105:^ 2075:^ 2063:^ 2049:^ 2031:^ 2015:^ 1994:^ 1962:^ 1924:^ 1903:^ 1882:^ 1870:^ 1843:^ 1732:^ 1720:^ 1695:^ 1683:^ 1671:^ 1655:^ 1639:^ 1183:. 1069:AD 1063:. 1051:, 738:. 679:, 660:, 610:, 579:. 511:, 473:, 434:. 331:. 301:. 276:. 2737:e 2730:t 2723:v 2613:e 2606:t 2599:v 2574:. 2553:. 2546:. 2538:. 2513:. 2506:. 2498:. 2475:. 2453:. 2236:. 2210:. 1455:. 165:( 99:) 95:( 34:. 20:)

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