Family therapy - Knowledge (XXG)

698:, using techniques from several areas, depending upon their own inclinations and/or the needs of the client(s), and there is a growing movement toward a single "generic" family therapy that seeks to incorporate the best of the accumulated knowledge in the field and which can be adapted to many different contexts; however, there are still a significant number of therapists who adhere more or less strictly to a particular, or limited number of, approach(es). 728:, Accountability and Empowerment. These principles guide not only the content of the therapeutic work with clients but also the supervisory and training process of therapists. Dr. Rhea Almeida developed the cultural context model as a way to operationalize these concepts into practice through the integration of culture circles, sponsors, and a socio-educational process within the therapeutic work. 3992: 945:"Of the couples you treat, what percentage would you say work out enough of their problems to stay married with a reasonable amount of satisfaction with the relationship." "What percentage break up while they are seeing you?" "What percentage do not improve?" "What do you think makes the differences in these results?" 1010:, and other licensed mental health professionals may practice family therapy. In the UK, family therapists who have completed a four-year qualifying programme of study (MSc) are eligible to register with the professional body the Association of Family Therapy (AFT), and with the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP). 507:, but which all deal usually with at least three generations of a family (in person or conceptually), either directly in therapy sessions, or via "homework", "journeys home", etc. Psychodynamic family therapy – which, more than any other school of family therapy, deals directly with individual psychology and the 815:

the session apparent both for the therapist and the family. These patterns frequently mirror habitual interaction patterns at home, even though the therapist is now incorporated into the family system. Therapy interventions usually focus on relationship patterns rather than on analyzing impulses of the

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The number of sessions depends on the situation, but the average is 5–20 sessions. A family therapist usually meets several members of the family at the same time. This has the advantage of making differences between the ways family members perceive mutual relations as well as interaction patterns in

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In the field's early years, many clinicians defined the family in a narrow, traditional manner usually including parents and children. As the field has evolved, the concept of the family is more commonly defined in terms of strongly supportive, long-term roles and relationships between people who may

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Individuals form meanings about their experiences within the context of social relationship on a personal and organizational level. Collaborative therapists help families reorganize and dis-solve their perceived problems through a transparent dialogue about inner thoughts with a "not-knowing" stance

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in consultation with a bioethicist asked basic questions about whether strategic interventions "mean what they say" and if it is ethical to invent opinions offered to families about the treatment process, such as statements saying that half of the treatment team believes one thing and half believes

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Since issues of interpersonal conflict, power, control, values, and ethics are often more pronounced in relationship therapy than in individual therapy, there has been debate within the profession about the different values that are implicit in the various theoretical models of therapy and the role

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The Liberation Based Healing framework for family therapy offers a complete paradigm shift for working with families while addressing the intersections of race, class, gender identity, sexual orientation and other socio-political identity markers. This theoretical approach and praxis is informed by

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People use stories to make sense of their experience and to establish their identity as a social and political constructs based on local knowledge. Narrative therapists avoid marginalizing their clients by positioning themselves as a co-editor of their reality with the idea that "the person is not

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Also known as intergenerational family therapy, although there are also other schools of intergenerational family therapy. Family members are driven to achieve a balance of internal and external differentiation, causing anxiety, triangulation, and emotional cutoff. Families are affected by nuclear

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Family therapists tend to be more interested in the maintenance and/or solving of problems rather than in trying to identify a single cause. Some families may perceive cause-effect analyses as attempts to allocate blame to one or more individuals, with the effect that for many families a focus on

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Target population adolescents with conduct and behavioral problems. Based on schema theory. Integrate mindfulness to focus family on the present. Validate core beliefs based on past experiences. Offer viable alternative responses. Treatment is based on case conceptualization process; validate and

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I take no joy in being a whistle blower, but it's time. I am a committed marriage and family therapist, having practiced this form of therapy since 1977. I train marriage and family therapists. I believe that marriage therapy can be very helpful in the hands of therapists who are committed to the

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Family therapy has an evolving evidence base. A summary of current evidence is available via the UK's Association of Family Therapy. Evaluation and outcome studies can also be found on the Family Therapy and Systemic Research Centre website. The website also includes quantitative and qualitative

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Ideas and methods from family therapy have been influential in psychotherapy generally: a survey of over 2,500 US therapists in 2006 revealed that of the 10 most influential therapists of the previous quarter-century, three were prominent family therapists and that the marital and family systems

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and other systems of domination impact individuals, families and communities and centers the need to disrupt the status quo in how power operates. Traditional Western models of family therapy have historically ignored these dimensions and when white, male privilege has been critiqued, largely by

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Requirements vary, but in most states about 3000 hours of supervised work as an intern are needed to sit for a licensing exam. MFTs must be licensed by the state to practice. Only after completing their education and internship and passing the state licensing exam can a person call themselves a

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causation is of little or no clinical utility. It is important to note that a circular way of problem evaluation is used as opposed to a linear route. Using this method, families can be helped by finding patterns of behaviour, what the causes are, and what can be done to better their situation.

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All people are born into a primary survival triad between themselves and their parents where they adopt survival stances to protect their self-worth from threats communicated by words and behaviors of their family members. Experiential therapists are interested in altering the overt and covert

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Complications from social and political disparity between genders are identified as underlying causes of conflict within a family system. Therapists are encouraged to be aware of these influences in order to avoid perpetuating hidden oppression, biases and cultural stereotypes and to model an

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those individuals and their relationships constitute. Depending on the conflicts at issue and the progress of therapy to date, a therapist may focus on analyzing specific previous instances of conflict, as by reviewing a past incident and suggesting alternative ways family members might have

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The different schools of family therapy have in common a belief that, regardless of the origin of the problem, and regardless of whether the clients consider it an "individual" or "family" issue, involving families in solutions often benefits clients. This involvement of families is commonly

1040:, counselors who specialized in this area were called Marriage, Family and Child Counselors. Today, they are known as Marriage and Family Therapists (MFT), and work variously in private practice, in clinical settings such as hospitals, institutions, or counseling organizations. 1758:

Couples and families can develop rigid patterns of interaction based on powerful emotional experiences that hinder emotional engagement and trust. Treatment aims to enhance empathic capabilities of family members by exploring deep-seated habits and modifying emotional

1926:(MRI) as a synthesis of ideas from multiple theorists in order to interrupt misguided attempts by families to create first and second order change by persisting with "more of the same", mixed signals from unclear metacommunication and paradoxical double-bind messages. 133:

Formal interventions with families to help individuals and families experiencing various kinds of problems have been a part of many cultures, probably throughout history. These interventions have sometimes involved formal procedures or rituals, and often included the

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The distinctive feature of family therapy is its perspective and analytical framework rather than the number of people present at a therapy session. Specifically, family therapists are relational therapists: They are generally more interested in what goes on

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therapist would do – although some schools of family therapy, for example psychodynamic and intergenerational, do consider such individual and historical factors (thus embracing both linear and circular causation) and they may use instruments such as the

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foundations, change and growth occurs through an existential encounter with a therapist who is intentionally authentic with clients without pretense, often in a playful and sometimes absurd way as a means to foster flexibility in the family and promote

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of the therapist's own values in the therapeutic process, and how prospective clients should best go about finding a therapist whose values and objectives are most consistent with their own. An early paper on ethics in family therapy written by

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is of particular significance in working with families with violence, a liberatory framework examines how power, privilege and oppression operate within and across all relationships. Liberatory practices are based on the principles of

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accomplished by their direct participation in the therapy session. The skills of the family therapist thus include the ability to influence conversations in a way that catalyses the strengths, wisdom, and support of the wider system.

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The inevitable onset of constant change leads to negative interpretations of the past and language that shapes the meaning of an individual's situation, diminishing their hope and causing them to overlook their own strengths and

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that reinforces negative behaviors within the family's interpersonal social exchanges that extinguish desired behavior and promote incentives toward unwanted behaviors. This can lead to irrational beliefs and a faulty family

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of pathogenesis that were implicit in many of the dominant models of family therapy. The late 1960s and early 1970s saw the development of network therapy (which bears some resemblance to traditional practices such as

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responded to one another during it, or instead proceed directly to addressing the sources of conflict at a more abstract level, as by pointing out patterns of interaction that the family might have not noticed.

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Families are built upon an unconscious network of implicit loyalties between parents and children that can be damaged when these relational ethics of fairness, trust, entitlement, mutuality and merit are

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License restrictions can vary considerably from state to state. Contact information about licensing boards in the United States are provided by the Association of Marital and Family Regulatory Boards.

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From the mid-1980s to the present, the field has been marked by a diversity of approaches that partly reflect the original schools, but which also draw on other theories and methods from individual

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A master's degree is required to work as a Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT) in some American states. Most commonly, MFTs will first earn a M.S. or M.A. degree in marriage and family therapy,

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intended to illicit new meaning through conversation. Collaborative therapy is an approach that avoids a particular theoretical perspective in favor of a client-centered philosophical process.

3228: 257:– and significantly, these clinicians began to articulate various theories about the nature and functioning of the family as an entity that was more than a mere aggregation of individuals. 5584: 690: 3266:

Doherty, William J., "How Therapy Can Be Hazardous to Your Marital Health," Address to Coalition for Marriage, Family and Couples Education conference, Washington, D.C., July 3, 1999.

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mechanisms and "rules" in here-and-now interactions – so-called circular causation and process – that were thought to maintain or exacerbate problems, whatever the original cause(s).

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Conceptual tools for working across cultures – spirals, masks, roles, codes, cultural strategies, bridges, stories, multiple codes (metaphor and somatics), therapy as "story repair"

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Individuals choose relationships that attempt to heal insecure attachments from childhood. Negative patterns established by their parents (object) are projected onto their partners.

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often seek degrees from accredited Masters or Doctoral programs recognized by the Commission on Accreditation for Marriage and Family Therapy Education (COAMFTE), a division of the

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and Carolyn Attneave, and the emergence of behavioral marital therapy (renamed behavioral couples therapy in the 1990s) and behavioral family therapy as models in their own right.

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approaches (e.g., Milan systems, post-Milan/collaborative/conversational, reflective), Bring forthism approach (e.g. Dr. Karl Tomm's IPscope model and Interventive interviewing),

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another. Specific issues that have emerged have included an increasing questioning of the longstanding notion of therapeutic neutrality, a concern with questions of justice and

2086: 1100: 316:). This approach eschewed the traditional focus on individual psychology and historical factors – that involve so-called linear causation and content – and emphasized instead 3402:

Wall, John; Needham, Thomas; Browning, Don S.; James, Susan (April 1999). "The Ethics of Relationality: The Moral Views of Therapists Engaged in Marital and Family Therapy".

1481:. Sees the person as a whole. Ideas include compensation for feelings of inferiority leading to striving for significance toward a fictional final goal with a private logic. 1075: 1052: 1893:

that disrupts unseen systemic patterns of control and games between family members by challenging erroneous family beliefs and reworking the family's linguistic assumptions.

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to find some level of effectiveness that was either "proven" or "presumed" to exist. Of the treatments studied, family therapy was presumed or proven effective at treating

5589: 1096:, connectedness and independence, functioning versus authenticity, and questions about the degree of the therapist's pro-marriage/family versus pro-individual commitment. 597:

approaches. While there was still debate within the field about whether, or to what degree, the systemic-constructivist and medical-biological paradigms were necessarily

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Family therapy as a distinct professional practice within Western cultures can be argued to have had its origins in the social work movements of the 19th century in the

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Family problems arise from maladaptive boundaries and subsystems that are created within the overall family system of rules and rituals that governs their interactions.

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Symptoms of dysfunction are purposeful in maintaining homeostasis in the family hierarchy as it transitions through various stages in the family life cycle.

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DiNicola, Vincenzo. The strange and the familiar: Cross‑cultural encounters among families, therapists, and consultants. In M Andolfi & R Haber (Eds),

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messages between family members that affect their body, mind and feelings in order to promote congruence and to validate each person's inherent self-worth.

1107:, including a commitment to "continue therapeutic relationships only so long as it is reasonably clear that clients are benefiting from the relationship." 3157: 2841: 613:, there was a growing willingness and tendency on the part of family therapists to work in multi-modal clinical partnerships with other members of the 5655: 4085: 2955:

Booth, Therese J.; Cottone, R. Rocco (2000). "Measurement, Classification, and Prediction of Paradigm Adherence of Marriage and Family Therapists".

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Broderick, C.B. & Schrader, S.S. (1991). The History of Professional Marriage and Family Therapy. In A. S. Gurman & D. P. Kniskern (Eds.),

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Satir, V., Banmen, J., Gerber, J., & Gomori, M. (1991). The Satir Model: Family Therapy and Beyond. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.

3276: 241:, D.L.P. Liebermann – who began seeing family members together for observation or therapy sessions. There was initially a strong influence from 50: 5599: 4689: 4180: 2153: 1522:

experiment with infants involves a systematic process of leaving a child alone in a room in order to assess the quality of their parental bond.

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family intervention, emerged, in part, as a pragmatic alternative form of intervention – especially as an adjunct to the treatment of serious

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DiNicola, Vincenzo F. (1985). "Family Therapy and Transcultural Psychiatry: An Emerging Synthesis: Part II: Portability and Culture Change".

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family emotional processes, sibling positions and multigenerational transmission patterns resulting in an undifferentiated family ego mass.

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in the context of current relationships – continued to develop through a number of groups that were influenced by the ideas and methods of

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Gehring, T. M., Debry, M. & Smith, P. K. (Eds.). (2016). The Family System Test FAST. Theory and application. Hove: Brunner-Routledge.

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feminist theory practitioners, it has often been to the benefit of middle-class, white women's experiences. While an understanding of

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Narrative therapy – restorying of dominant problem-saturated narrative, emphasis on context, separation of the problem from the person

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By the mid-1960s, a number of distinct schools of family therapy had emerged. From those groups that were most strongly influenced by

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Bograd, Michele (1999). "Strengthening Domestic Violence Theories: Intersections of Race, Class, Sexual Orientation, and Gender".

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clarify core beliefs, fears, triggers, and behaviors. Redirect behavior by anticipating triggers and realigning beliefs and fears.

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DiNicola, Vincenzo F. (1985). "Family Therapy and Transcultural Psychiatry: An Emerging Synthesis Part I: The Conceptual Basis".

1722: 1698: 1410: 569:– had led to some revision of a number of the original models and a moderation of some of the earlier stridency and theoretical 5609: 5553: 2146: 1939: 1691: 1420: 1302: 1007: 971: 5109: 5640: 4664: 4115: 2174: 2016: 2001:

By applying the strategies of Freudian psychoanalysis to the family system therapists can gain insight into the interlocking

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Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association (103rd, New York, NY, August 11–15, 1995).

2254: 710:, and decolonizing theory. This framework necessitates an understanding of the ways colonization, cis-heteronormativity, 90:, family systems therapy, marriage and family therapy, couple and family therapy) is a branch of psychotherapy focused on 5558: 5171: 5058: 4879: 4869: 4704: 4326: 2199: 2160: 1956: 1821: 1809: 1564: 925:

profession and the practice. But there are a lot of problems out there with the practice of therapy – a lot of problems.

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Individuals are shaped by their experiences with caregivers in the first three years of life. Used as a foundation for

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Doherty, W., & Boss, P. (1991). Values and ethics in family therapy. In A. S. Gurman & D. P. Kniskern (Eds.),

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in family therapy (licensing is not required in some jurisdictions and requirements vary from place to place). In the

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Working with several generations of the family, family-of-origin approach with families in therapy and with trainees

939:"What is your approach when one partner is seriously considering ending the marriage and the other wants to save it?" 154:

in various societies, these interventions were often conducted by particular members of a community – for example, a

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also became influential with systems-communications-oriented theorists and therapists. A related theme, applying to

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and mistaken goals are explored to examine mistaken motivations of children and adults in the family constellation.

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Family therapy practitioners come from a range of professional backgrounds, and some are specifically qualified or

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Almeida, Rhea V.; Durkin, Tracy (1999). "The Cultural Context Model: Therapy for Couples with Domestic Violence".

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Guttman, H.A. (1991). Systems Theory, Cybernetics, and Epistemology. In A. S. Gurman & D. P. Kniskern (Eds.),

855:, intergenerational, or experiential family therapists (EFTs) – tend to be as interested in individuals as in the 5235: 5218: 5005: 4659: 4651: 4281: 4015: 3891: 2129: 2059: 1923: 1904: 1794: 1356: 1159: 681: 573:. There were the beginnings of a general softening of the strict demarcations between schools, with moves toward 457: 445: 189:. The formal development of family therapy dates from the 1940s and early 1950s with the founding in 1942 of the 4742: 5104: 4919: 4842: 3901: 3869: 3805: 3773: 2299: 2229: 2100: 1706: 1662: 1213: 962:, family therapists will have a prior relevant professional training in one of the helping professions usually 677: 57: 4722: 3284: 1638:

Equality, modeling communication, family life chronology, family sculpting, metaphors, family reconstruction

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In a 1999 address to the Coalition of Marriage, Family and Couples Education conference in Washington, D.C.,

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weaving a synthesis of family therapy and transcultural psychiatry in his model of cultural family therapy,

657: 516: 422:" or "presenting problem" as a manifestation of or surrogate for the family's, or even society's, problems. 503:, and Norman Paul, which present different theories about the intergenerational transmission of health and 5543: 5144: 5023: 5013: 4990: 4766: 4699: 4502: 4341: 4218: 4198: 4145: 4055: 4010: 3981: 3956: 3886: 3874: 3840: 3729: 3214: 2289: 2204: 1991: 1879: 1873: 1683: 1536: 1375: 1074:

in general – is not required to gain a license as an MFT or membership of the main professional body, the

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By the late 1970s, the weight of clinical experience – especially in relation to the treatment of serious

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Nichols, M.P. & Schwartz, R.C. (2006). Recent Developments in Family Therapy: Integrative Models; in

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Transgenerational therapy – transgenerational transmission of unhelpful patterns of belief and behaviour

669: 608: 542: 496: 487:), authentic communication, spontaneity, creativity, total therapist engagement, and often included the 464:

model. Partly in reaction to some aspects of these systemic models, came the experiential approaches of

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The movement received an important boost starting in the early 1950s through the work of anthropologist

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Melito, Richard (2003). "Values in the Role of the Family Therapist: Self Determination and Justice".

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Theory-based treatment planning for marriage and family therapists: Integrating theory and practice.

491:. Concurrently and somewhat independently, there emerged the various intergenerational therapies of 5255: 5166: 5043: 4914: 4130: 4120: 4105: 4070: 4065: 4050: 4030: 4025: 3896: 3835: 3766: 2613: 2304: 2284: 2194: 1970: 1702: 1467: 929:

Doherty suggested questions prospective clients should ask a therapist before beginning treatment:

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Sprenkle D.H., Bischof G.P.; Bischof (1994). "Contemporary family therapy in the United States".

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There have been concerns raised within the profession about the fact that specialist training in

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and roles (e.g., pseudo-mutuality, pseudo-hostility, schism and skew) in families of people with

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Battling, constructive anxiety, redefining symptoms, affective confrontation, co-therapy, humor

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DiNicola, Vincenzo F. (1988). "Saying it and meaning it: Forging an ethic for family therapy".

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INSERM Collective Expertise Centre (2000). Psychotherapy: Three approaches evaluated (Report).

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Gurman, Alan S.; Fraenkel, Peter (2002). "The History of Couple Therapy: A Millennial Review".

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Maurizio Andolfi (interactional, integrative, multigenerational, and relational family therapy)

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one or more individuals, although some family therapists – in particular those who identify as

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Fowers, B. J.; Richardson, F. C. (1996). "Individualism, Family Ideology and Family Therapy".

3537: 3489: 3454: 3382: 3246: 3150:"Ten Most Influential Therapists: The Most Influential Therapists of the Past Quarter-Century" 3131: 3123: 3088: 3053: 3015: 3007: 2807: 2797: 2776: 2727: 2684: 2597: 2565: 2363: 2345: 2239: 2209: 2119: 2064: 2040: 1934: 1734: 1519: 1496: 1424: 1352: 1330: 1306: 1296: 1227: 793: 720: 703: 661: 645: 633: 524: 453: 449: 301: 246: 197:), and through the work of various independent clinicians and groups – in the United Kingdom ( 45: 2054:

Directives, paradoxical injunctions, positioning, metaphoric tasks, restraining (going slow)

936:"What is your attitude toward salvaging a troubled marriage versus helping couples break up?" 181:, its roots can be traced somewhat later to the early 20th century with the emergence of the 5533: 5503: 5373: 5175: 5154: 5134: 4960: 4632: 4627: 4492: 4487: 4387: 4208: 4155: 4110: 4095: 4090: 3966: 3941: 3564: 3529: 3481: 3446: 3411: 3337: 3188: 3115: 3080: 3045: 2999: 2964: 2909: 2853: 2825: 2719: 2676: 2557: 2515: 2410: 2353: 2337: 2114: 1859: 1851: 1605: 1272: 1143: 901: 897: 889: 852: 816: 508: 331: 254: 202: 5635: 5548: 5478: 5463: 5418: 5268: 5223: 4980: 4924: 4602: 4567: 4507: 4457: 3946: 3678:

Handbook of family therapy: The science and practice of working with families and couples.

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Sholevar, G.P. (2003). Family Theory and Therapy. In Sholevar, G.P. & Schwoeri, L.D.

1717:(clinical methods for working with and making sense of these stories in cultural context) 555: 147: 3307:"Bad Couples Therapy and How to Avoid It: Getting past the myth of therapist neutrality" 3306: 3036:

Hernández, Pilar (February 2008). "The cultural context model in clinical supervision".

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Grosser, George H.; Paul, Norman L. (1964). "Ethical issues in family group therapy".

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DiNicola, Vincenzo F. (1986). "Beyond Babel: Family therapy as cultural translation".

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Reframing, prescribing the symptom, relabeling, restraining (going slow), Bellac Ploy

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Harry Goolishian (postmodern collaborative therapy and collaborative language systems)

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Almeida, Rhea V (1993-08-26). "Unexamined Assumptions and Service Delivery Systems".

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Szapocznik, José; Schwartz, Seth J.; Muir, Joan A.; Brown, C. Hendricks (June 2012).

1770: 1753: 1687: 1404: 1398: 1384: 1241: 1237: 1231: 1044: 983: 893: 885: 848: 780: 673: 653: 629: 625: 574: 546: 529: 469: 407: 399: 392: 376: 360: 345: 305: 273: 226: 214: 178: 174: 4747: 4737: 2636: 2326:"Brief Strategic Family Therapy: An Intervention to Reduce Adolescent Risk Behavior" 1885:

A practical attempt by the Milan Group to establish therapeutic techniques based on

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Structural therapy – identifies and re-orders the organisation of the family system

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Please Help Me With This Family: Using Consultants as Resources in Family Therapy.

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under the supervision of a licensed professional and are referred to as an MFTi.

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Dialogical conversation, not knowing, curiosity, being public, reflecting teams

1544:, Betty Carter, Philip Guerin, Michael Kerr, Thomas Fogarty, Monica McGoldrick, 1501: 1482: 1430: 1322: 1247: 1169: 1026: 1003: 695: 578: 520: 500: 437: 425: 395: 321: 293: 250: 218: 198: 2723: 2680: 2535:

Case Studies in Couple and Family Therapy: Systemic and Cognitive Perspectives.

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The conceptual frameworks developed by family therapists, especially those of

17: 3568: 3127: 3092: 3057: 3049: 3011: 2731: 2688: 2349: 2073:

Joining, family mapping, hypothesizing, reenactments, reframing, unbalancing

359:(like the founders of a number of other schools of family therapy, including 245:(most of the early founders of the field had psychoanalytic backgrounds) and 5413: 5348: 5333: 5063: 4607: 4392: 4296: 3341: 2968: 2938: 2827:

Re-Visioning Family Therapy: Race, Culture, and Gender in Clinical Practice.

2811: 2269: 2045: 1292: 955: 755:

Strategic therapy – looks at patterns of interactions between family members

289: 265: 163: 143: 122: 3541: 3458: 3250: 3135: 3019: 2569: 2367: 98:

to nurture change and development. It tends to view change in terms of the

3991: 3084: 2857: 5139: 4812: 4321: 4316: 4276: 3493: 2896:

Global Perspectives in Family Therapy: Development, Practice, and Trends.

2638:

Couple, Family and Group Work: First Steps in Interpersonal Intervention.

1556: 987: 880:, family and couples therapy was the second most effective therapy after 832: 808: 582: 550: 317: 3741:

The Pathological Family: Postwar America and the Rise of Family Therapy.

3472:

Hare-Mustin, Rachel T. (1978). "A Feminist Approach to Family Therapy".

2615:

Family Therapy: Exploring the Field's Past, Present and Possible Futures

570: 2424:

Silverman, M. & Silverman, M. Psychiatry Inside the Family Circle.

2035:

Future focus, beginner's mind, miracle question, goal setting, scaling

1030: 975: 618: 480: 384: 238: 151: 139: 30:"Couple and family therapy" redirects here. The term may also refer to 3423: 1381:

Karl Tomm (IPscope model and interventive interviewing, Bringforthism)

835:

to help to elucidate the patterns of relationship across generations.

73: 3609:". American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy, July 1, 2012. 2341: 2224: 1146:(postmodern collaborative therapy and Collaborative Language Systems) 1048: 159: 99: 91: 1657:

Rebalancing, family negotiations, validation, filial debt repayment

3508:

Developing Your Ethical Position in Family Therapy: Special Issues.

3415: 933:"Can you describe your background and training in marital therapy?" 2184: 995: 979: 827: 379:, especially in terms of the putative "meaning" and "function" of 351:– especially his innovative use of strategies for change, such as 194: 1713:(family predicaments expressed in narratives of family life) and 1140:

Tom Andersen (reflecting practices and dialogues about dialogues)

117:, have been applied to a wide range of human behavior, including 4758: 4336: 1276: 4762: 3762: 336:

This group was also influenced significantly by the work of US

2412:

Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy: Clinical Applications.

1762:

Reflecting, validation, heightening, reframing, restructuring

3758: 3372:"Metaphors, models, paradigms and stories in family therapy" 2908:

McGoldrick, M., Giordano, J. & Garcia-Preto, N. (2005).

1843:

approach to intergenerational and family-of-origin therapy.

974:

who have done further training in family therapy, either a

3676:

Sexton, T. L., Weeks, G. R., & Robbins, M. S. (2003).

1868:

Demystifying, modeling, equality, personal accountability

472:, which downplayed theoretical constructs, and emphasized 2141:

Murmurations: Journal of Transformative Systemic Practice

2005:

of the family members and seek to improve complementarity

876:

According to a 2004 French government study conducted by

5585:

Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback

3381:. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House. pp. 175–207. 2794:

A Stranger in the Family: Culture, Families, and Therapy

1865:

egalitarian perspective of healthy family relationships.

691:

A Stranger in the Family: Culture, Families, and Therapy

2641:

Maidenhead, Berkshire; New York: Open University Press.

2626:

Adelaide, South Australia: Dulwich Centre Publications.

2118:, Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies 942:"What percentage of your practice is marital therapy?" 628:

and elsewhere – these approaches and sources include:

668:, intergenerational approaches, network therapy, and 3749:

The Systemic Thinking and Practice Series. Routledge

2415:

Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.

2087:

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy

1101:

American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy

1059:

Marital and Family Therapist and work unsupervised.

873:

research studies of many aspects of family therapy.

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American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy

56: 44: 39: 5590:Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies 1594:, shaping, charting, examining irrational beliefs 1407:(brief therapy, strategic therapy, systems theory) 758:Systemic/Milan therapy – focuses on belief systems 3179:Gale, Barbara (December 2007). "Family therapy". 3038:Training and Education in Professional Psychology 2067:, Harry Aponte, Charles Fishman, Braulio Montalvo 5580:Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy 292:in the United States, who introduced ideas from 166:, and so on – usually as an ancillary function. 5595:Association for Behavior Analysis International 922: 878:French Institute of Health and Medical Research 732:model was the second most utilized model after 1777:, John Warkentin, Thomas Malone, August Napier 1254:, intergenerational, family-of-origin therapy) 4774: 3774: 3650:Goldenberg, I., & Goldenberg, H. (2008). 1949:the problem, but the problem is the problem." 1029:. After graduation, prospective MFTs work as 8: 1368:(communications, experiential, conjoint and 1362:Braulio Montalvo (structural family therapy) 986:there is a specific degree and license as a 371:) had a particular interest in the possible 110:or may not be related by blood or marriage. 3743:Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2013. 3637:Gehart, D. R., & Tuttle, A. R. (2003). 3330:Journal of Strategic and Systemic Therapies 2490:Nichols, M.P. & Schwartz, R.C. (2006). 2381: 2379: 2377: 2025:, William O'Hanlon, Michelle Weiner-Davis, 1260:(family process in religious congregations) 1115:Some key developers of family therapy are: 767:IPscope model and Interventive Interviewing 191:American Association of Marriage Counselors 5122: 4800: 4781: 4767: 4759: 3781: 3767: 3759: 3262: 3260: 2929:7th ed. Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. 2775:New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1994, pp. 33‑52. 2755:International Journal of Family Psychiatry 2496:7th ed. Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 387:within the family system. The research of 3240: 3238: 2712:Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review 2669:Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review 2486: 2484: 2454:Becvar, D.S., & Becvar, R.J. (2008). 2357: 1491:, typical day, reorienting, re-educating 3215:"Academic and Research Activities - AFT" 2468: 2466: 1608:, Tom Andersen, Lynn Hoffman, Peggy Penn 1449: 1152:Harry J Aponte (Person-of-the-Therapist) 308:, focusing in particular on the role of 3641:Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole/Thomson. 2842:"The Myth of Cross-Cultural Competence" 2796:(1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. 2457:Family therapy: A systemic integration. 2316: 2154:Journal of Marital & Family Therapy 2011:, authenticity, joining, confrontation 1186:, intergenerational, relational ethics) 102:of interaction between family members. 5600:European Association for Psychotherapy 3691:"Symbolic-Experiential Family Therapy" 3379:Family therapy: Christian perspectives 2957:The American Journal of Family Therapy 1824:, defusion, validate-clarify-redirect 1600:Collaborative language systems therapy 1555:Detriangulation, nonanxious presence, 1043:Marriage and family therapists in the 36: 3522:Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 3108:Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 3031: 3029: 2992:Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 2926:Family therapy: concepts and methods. 2881:Culture and System in Family Therapy. 2493:Family therapy: concepts and methods. 1959:problems, mapping, asking permission 684:approaches are being developed, with 7: 3665:Clinical handbook of couple therapy. 2943:Handbook of clinical family therapy. 515:, and also by the British School of 4885:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy 3439:American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 3357:Handbook of Family Therapy. Vol. 2. 2442:Handbook of Family Therapy. Vol. 2. 2388:Handbook of Family Therapy. Vol. 2. 2275:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy 1878:Luigi Boscolo, Gianfranco Cecchin, 1565:Cognitive behavioral family therapy 1289:(Attachment-based couple therapist) 69: 5605:Society for Psychotherapy Research 4833:Transference focused psychotherapy 3594:Hearts divide over marital therapy 3534:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb00378.x 3451:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1964.tb02243.x 3156:. March–April 2007. Archived from 3120:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1999.tb00250.x 3073:Journal of Feminist Family Therapy 3004:10.1111/j.1752-0606.1999.tb00248.x 2460:7th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. 1439:Summary of theories and techniques 129:History and theoretical frameworks 25: 4890:Rational emotive behavior therapy 4863:Functional analytic psychotherapy 4858:Acceptance and commitment therapy 3654:Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole. 2945:Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. 2655:Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders. 2180:Acceptance and commitment therapy 1818:acceptance and commitment therapy 1709:(CFT). CFT is an interweaving of 1674:Celia Falicov, Antonio Ferreira, 1590:Therapeutic contracts, modeling, 694:. Many practitioners claim to be 418:more generally, was that of the " 3990: 3621:Psychotherapy Networker Magazine 3486:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1978.00181.x 2562:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2002.41204.x 2520:10.1111/j.1467-6427.1994.00773.x 1971:David Scharff & Jill Scharff 1433:(schizophrenia, pseudomutuality) 1103:requires members to adhere to a 920:Professor William Doherty said: 748:and other techniques including: 5656:Child and adolescent psychiatry 5610:World Council for Psychotherapy 3619:"When Every Session Mattered". 2478:; 5th edition. Wiley-Blackwell. 2147:Sexual and Relationship Therapy 1537:Bowenian family systems therapy 990:and family therapist; however, 744:Family therapy uses a range of 3229:"Evidence and outcome studies" 2911:Ethnicity & Family Therapy 2603:Special Issue: Fall 2002 41(3) 2598:Attachment and Family Systems. 2175:Alternative dispute resolution 1773:, David Keith, Laura Roberto, 1378:(Milan family systems therapy) 1309:, post-systems, collaborative) 150:). Following the emergence of 1: 4823:Mentalization-based treatment 4086:Industrial and organizational 2824:McGoldrick, M. (Ed.) (1998). 2532:Dattilio, F.R. (Ed.) (1998). 2255:Internal Family Systems Model 1992:Psychoanalytic family therapy 1982:Detriangulation, co-therapy, 1874:Milan systemic family therapy 4880:Dialectical behavior therapy 4870:Cognitive behavioral therapy 4327:Human factors and ergonomics 3730:Resources in other libraries 3680:New York: Brunner-Routledge. 3652:Family therapy: An overview. 3277:"Therapy Center:Credentials" 2899:New York: Brunner-Routledge. 2792:Di Nicola, Vincenzo (1997). 2586:Harvard Mental Health Letter 2330:Couple and Family Psychology 2200:Cognitive behavioral therapy 2161:Families, Systems and Health 1822:dialectical behavior therapy 1810:Cognitive behavioral therapy 1628:, John Banmen, Jane Gerber, 882:Cognitive behavioral therapy 734:cognitive behavioral therapy 4910:Emotionally focused therapy 3154:Psychotherapy Networker.com 2280:Multisystemic Therapy (MST) 2260:Interpersonal psychotherapy 2220:Emotionally focused therapy 2094:Contemporary Family Therapy 1767:Experiential family therapy 1721:Integrates and synthesizes 1582:Problems are the result of 1417:, experiential, co-therapy) 1327:emotionally focused therapy 1111:Founders and key influences 666:emotionally focused therapy 5672: 5181:Systematic desensitization 5110:Practitioner–scholar model 4853:Clinical behavior analysis 3627:(4): 42. July–August 2014. 2914:, 3rd Ed.: Guilford Press. 2724:10.1177/136346158502200301 2681:10.1177/136346158502200201 2538:Guildford Press: New York. 2265:Interpersonal relationship 1592:systematic desensitization 276:, William Fry, and later, 29: 4713: 4016:Applied behavior analysis 3988: 3796: 3725:Resources in your library 3667:New York: Guilford Press. 3377:. In Vande Kemp H (ed.). 3193:10.1080/02682620708657700 2884:London; New York: Karnac. 2830:Guilford Press: New York. 2657:retrieved 29 October 2009 2508:Journal of Family Therapy 2130:Journal of Family Therapy 2060:Structural family therapy 1924:Mental Research Institute 1795:mode deactivation therapy 1621:Communications approaches 1357:structural family therapy 1160:mode deactivation therapy 458:structural family therapy 70: 5192:Other individual therapy 3569:10.1177/0959354396061009 3050:10.1037/1931-3918.2.1.10 2300:Strategic Family Therapy 2230:Family Environment Scale 2017:Solution focused therapy 1965:Object relations therapy 1830:Family-of-origin therapy 1204:solution focused therapy 843:individuals rather than 650:cognitive and behavioral 642:solution-focused therapy 375:causes and treatment of 115:family systems theorists 5646:Relationship counseling 5214:Cognitive restructuring 4935:Person-centered therapy 4292:Behavioral neuroscience 3856:Behavioral neuroscience 3557:Theory & Psychology 3506:Gottlieb, M.C. (1995). 3342:10.1521/jsst.1988.7.4.1 3311:Psychotherapy Networker 2969:10.1080/019261800437892 2612:Denborough, D. (2001). 2295:Relationships Australia 1852:Feminist family therapy 1745:Emotion-focused therapy 1707:cultural family therapy 1699:systemic family therapy 1663:Cultural family therapy 1516:object relations theory 1468:Adlerian family therapy 1252:object relations theory 1214:cultural family therapy 918:University of Minnesota 785:Relationship counseling 213:, Christian Midelfort, 119:organisational dynamics 5145:Contingency management 5024:Transtheoretical model 5014:Eclectic psychotherapy 4991:Transactional analysis 4342:Psychology of religion 4282:Behavioral engineering 4219:Human subject research 3875:Cognitive neuroscience 3841:Affective neuroscience 3663:Gurman, A. S. (2008). 3317:(Nov–December): 26–33. 2652:Multisystemic therapy. 2430:, 46-51. 28 July 1962. 2290:Relationship education 2205:Deinstitutionalisation 1986:, holding environment 1880:Mara Selvini Palazzoli 1684:Mara Selvini Palazzoli 1376:Mara Selvini Palazzoli 927: 912:Concerns and criticism 789:Relationship education 726:critical consciousness 595:social constructionist 448:, and slightly later, 404:communication deviance 353:paradoxical directives 298:general systems theory 209:, John Elderkin Bell, 207:Donald deAvila Jackson 205:), the United States ( 193:(the precursor of the 96:intimate relationships 5641:Psychotherapy by type 5095:Common factors theory 5059:Residential treatment 4718:Wiktionary definition 4254:Self-report inventory 4249:Quantitative research 3085:10.1300/j086v05n01_02 2878:Krause, I-B. (2002). 2858:10.1606/1044-3894.151 2427:Saturday Evening Post 2235:Family Life Education 1649:Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy 1479:individual psychology 1180:Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy 1125:individual psychology 950:Licensing and degrees 670:multisystemic therapy 609:Biopsychosocial model 497:Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy 369:Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy 282:Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy 235:Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy 86:(also referred to as 5524:Lorna Smith Benjamin 5359:Harry Stack Sullivan 5284:Sensitivity training 5085:Clinical formulation 4244:Qualitative research 4199:Behavior epigenetics 2475:Basic family therapy 2215:Dysfunctional family 1969:Hazan & Shaver, 1731:medical anthropology 1584:operant conditioning 1244:, strategic therapy) 1196:, intergenerational) 826:of individuals as a 771:Communication theory 708:critical race theory 5256:Group psychotherapy 5167:Counterconditioning 5044:Brief psychotherapy 4915:Existential therapy 4723:Wiktionary category 4287:Behavioral genetics 4259:Statistical surveys 4116:Occupational health 3851:Behavioral genetics 3739:Deborah Weinstein, 3160:on 22 February 2014 2846:Families in Society 2472:Barker, P. (2007). 2305:Abnormal Psychology 2285:Positive psychology 2195:Conflict resolution 1922:Established by the 1703:cultural psychiatry 1349:(strategic therapy) 1070:– as distinct from 956:licensed/registered 577:, integration, and 541:with a significant 355:The members of the 187:marriage counseling 27:Field of psychology 5384:Milton H. Erickson 5219:Emotion regulation 5199:Autogenic training 5090:Clinical pluralism 5019:Multimodal therapy 4818:Analytical therapy 4695:Schools of thought 4598:Richard E. Nisbett 4478:Donald T. Campbell 4156:Sport and exercise 3305:Doherty W (2002). 2840:Dean R.G. (2001). 2635:Crago, H. (2006). 2622:2008-05-30 at the 2245:Identified patient 1918:Heinz von Foerster 1686:, Carlos Sluzki, 1668:Vincenzo Di Nicola 1644:Contextual therapy 1604:Harry Goolishian, 1341:Gestalt psychology 1220:Milton H. Erickson 1210:Vincenzo Di Nicola 1184:contextual therapy 1094:self-determination 1089:Vincenzo Di Nicola 906:alcohol dependency 888:of over a hundred 686:Vincenzo Di Nicola 634:structural therapy 527:. Multiple-family 420:identified patient 349:Milton H. Erickson 328:systems psychology 5618: 5617: 5544:William R. Miller 5529:Marsha M. Linehan 5499:Jean Baker Miller 5459:Salvador Minuchin 5339:Ludwig Binswanger 5292: 5291: 5127:Behaviour therapy 5054:Online counseling 5032: 5031: 4971:Narrative therapy 4875:Cognitive therapy 4756: 4755: 4733:Wikimedia Commons 4660:Counseling topics 4623:Ronald C. Kessler 4613:Shelley E. Taylor 4538:Lawrence Kohlberg 4513:Stanley Schachter 4312:Consumer behavior 4194:Archival research 3962:Psycholinguistics 3846:Affective science 3711:Library resources 3388:978-0-8010-9313-5 3360:NY: Brunner/Mazel 2893:Ng, K.S. (2003). 2445:NY: Brunner/Mazel 2391:NY: Brunner/Mazel 2240:Family Life Space 2210:Domestic violence 2077: 2076: 2065:Salvador Minuchin 2041:Strategic therapy 2003:psychopathologies 1935:Narrative therapy 1905:MRI brief therapy 1735:narrative therapy 1520:strange situation 1497:Attachment theory 1453:Theoretical model 1425:narrative therapy 1401:, systems theory) 1353:Salvador Minuchin 1331:attachment theory 1299:, communications) 1297:strategic therapy 1228:strategic therapy 1082:Values and ethics 1036:Prior to 1999 in 890:secondary studies 884:. The study used 794:Systemic coaching 721:intersectionality 704:critical pedagogy 646:narrative therapy 535:psychoeducational 533:, a precursor of 454:Salvador Minuchin 450:strategic therapy 446:MRI Brief Therapy 302:social psychology 270:Donald D. Jackson 264:and colleagues – 249:, and later from 247:social psychiatry 177:. As a branch of 146:(see for example 121:and the study of 88:family counseling 81: 80: 16:(Redirected from 5663: 5534:Vittorio Guidano 5504:Otto F. Kernberg 5374:Donald Winnicott 5231:Free association 5176:Exposure therapy 5155:Stimulus control 5135:Aversion therapy 5123: 4986:Systemic therapy 4961:Feminist therapy 4813:Adlerian therapy 4801: 4783: 4776: 4769: 4760: 4690:Research methods 4633:Richard Davidson 4628:Joseph E. LeDoux 4503:George A. Miller 4493:David McClelland 4488:Herbert A. Simon 4388:Edward Thorndike 4209:Content analysis 3994: 3967:Psychophysiology 3783: 3776: 3769: 3760: 3699: 3698: 3693:. Archived from 3687: 3681: 3674: 3668: 3661: 3655: 3648: 3642: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3616: 3610: 3603: 3597: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3517: 3511: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3404:Family Relations 3399: 3393: 3392: 3376: 3370:Dueck A (1991). 3367: 3361: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3283:. Archived from 3281:Psychology Today 3273: 3267: 3264: 3255: 3254: 3242: 3233: 3232: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3181:Bereavement Care 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3033: 3024: 3023: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2952: 2946: 2936: 2930: 2921: 2915: 2906: 2900: 2891: 2885: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2837: 2831: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2789: 2783: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2664: 2658: 2648: 2642: 2633: 2627: 2610: 2604: 2595: 2589: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2545: 2539: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2503: 2497: 2488: 2479: 2470: 2461: 2452: 2446: 2437: 2431: 2422: 2416: 2407: 2392: 2383: 2372: 2371: 2361: 2342:10.1037/a0029002 2321: 2136:Marriage Fitness 2115:Family Relations 2108:Family Relations 2021:Kim Insoo Berg, 1882:, Giuliana Prata 1860:Marianne Walters 1841:object relations 1839:He developed an 1723:systemic therapy 1606:Harlene Anderson 1450: 1273:Robert-Jay Green 1144:Harlene Anderson 1000:psychotherapists 968:psychotherapists 898:bipolar disorder 853:object relations 817:unconscious mind 658:object relations 567:mental disorders 539:mental disorders 517:Object Relations 479:and unexpressed 332:systemic therapy 288:and others – at 255:behavior therapy 203:Tavistock Clinic 74:edit on Wikidata 66: 37: 21: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5660: 5621: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5568: 5549:Steven C. Hayes 5479:Paul Watzlawick 5464:Paul Watzlawick 5419:Virginia Axline 5329:Sándor Ferenczi 5288: 5269:Couples therapy 5250: 5224:Affect labeling 5187: 5172:Desensitization 5114: 5100:Discontinuation 5073: 5028: 5000: 4981:Reality therapy 4939: 4925:Gestalt therapy 4896: 4844: 4837: 4792: 4787: 4757: 4752: 4709: 4685:Psychotherapies 4646: 4603:Martin Seligman 4568:Daniel Kahneman 4508:Richard Lazarus 4458:Raymond Cattell 4362: 4353: 4352: 4351: 4263: 4175: 4002: 3995: 3986: 3947:Neuropsychology 3827: 3820: 3792: 3787: 3756: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3707: 3705:Further reading 3702: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3675: 3671: 3662: 3658: 3649: 3645: 3636: 3632: 3618: 3617: 3613: 3604: 3600: 3588: 3584: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3505: 3501: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3374: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3353: 3349: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3290: 3288: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3258: 3244: 3243: 3236: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3035: 3034: 3027: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2937: 2933: 2922: 2918: 2907: 2903: 2892: 2888: 2877: 2873: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2823: 2819: 2804: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2770: 2766: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2649: 2645: 2634: 2630: 2624:Wayback Machine 2611: 2607: 2601:Family Process. 2596: 2592: 2581: 2577: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2531: 2527: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2489: 2482: 2471: 2464: 2453: 2449: 2438: 2434: 2423: 2419: 2408: 2395: 2384: 2375: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2170: 2082: 2027:Paul Watzlawick 2023:Steve de Shazer 1997:Nathan Ackerman 1914:Milton Erickson 1910:Gregory Bateson 1887:Gregory Bateson 1697:A synthesis of 1672:Key influences: 1548:, Daniel Papero 1510:Douglas Haldane 1441: 1436: 1395:Paul Watzlawick 1287:Douglas Haldane 1200:Steve de Shazer 1166:Gregory Bateson 1131:Nathan Ackerman 1113: 1084: 1068:couples therapy 952: 914: 870: 821:early childhood 804:Reality therapy 776:Psychoeducation 742: 716:white supremacy 605:Anti-psychiatry 545:basis, such as 513:Nathan Ackerman 489:extended family 483:(including the 416:psychopathology 357:Bateson Project 346:brief therapist 314:Bateson Project 286:Paul Watzlawick 262:Gregory Bateson 251:learning theory 211:Nathan Ackerman 142:members of the 138:as well as non- 136:extended family 131: 94:and couples in 77: 62: 35: 32:couples therapy 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5669: 5667: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5631:Family therapy 5623: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5519:Arnold Lazarus 5516: 5514:Irvin D. Yalom 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5489:Eugene Gendlin 5486: 5481: 5476: 5474:Ogden Lindsley 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5449:Virginia Satir 5446: 5441: 5439:James Bugental 5436: 5434:Silvano Arieti 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5304:Philippe Pinel 5300: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5274:Family therapy 5271: 5266: 5260: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5216: 5211: 5209:Clean language 5206: 5201: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5183: 5169: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5142: 5137: 5131: 5129: 5120: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5081: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5071: 5069:Support groups 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5010: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4947: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4906: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4867: 4866: 4865: 4860: 4849: 4847: 4843:Cognitive and 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4828:Psychoanalysis 4825: 4820: 4815: 4809: 4807: 4798: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4778: 4771: 4763: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4656: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4643:Roy Baumeister 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4578:Michael Posner 4575: 4570: 4565: 4563:Elliot Aronson 4560: 4558:Walter Mischel 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4523:Albert Bandura 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4498:Leon Festinger 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4468:Neal E. Miller 4465: 4463:Abraham Maslow 4460: 4455: 4450: 4448:Ernest Hilgard 4445: 4443:Donald O. Hebb 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4423:J. P. Guilford 4420: 4418:Gordon Allport 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4398:John B. Watson 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4363: 4358: 4355: 4354: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4189:Animal testing 4185: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4007: 4005: 3997: 3996: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3892:Cross-cultural 3889: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3872: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3832: 3830: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3788: 3786: 3785: 3778: 3771: 3763: 3754: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3716:Family therapy 3709: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3697:on 2020-02-04. 3682: 3669: 3656: 3643: 3630: 3611: 3607:Code of Ethics 3598: 3582: 3547: 3512: 3499: 3474:Family Process 3464: 3445:(5): 875–884. 3429: 3416:10.2307/585077 3394: 3387: 3362: 3347: 3320: 3297: 3268: 3256: 3234: 3220: 3206: 3171: 3141: 3114:(3): 313–324. 3098: 3063: 3025: 2998:(3): 275–289. 2982: 2963:(4): 329–346. 2947: 2931: 2916: 2901: 2886: 2871: 2832: 2817: 2802: 2784: 2781:978-0876307489 2764: 2745: 2718:(3): 151–180. 2702: 2659: 2650:Van Buren, J. 2643: 2628: 2605: 2590: 2583:Couple therapy 2575: 2556:(2): 199–260. 2550:Family Process 2540: 2525: 2498: 2480: 2462: 2447: 2432: 2417: 2393: 2373: 2336:(2): 134–145. 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2250:Impact Therapy 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2157: 2150: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2126: 2111: 2104: 2101:Family Process 2097: 2090: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2048:, Cloe Madanes 2043: 2037: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2009:Psychoanalysis 2006: 1999: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1984:psychoanalysis 1980: 1977: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1953:Deconstruction 1950: 1946: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1920: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1894: 1883: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1837: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1807: 1803: 1801:Jack A. Apsche 1798: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1785:individuation. 1780:Stemming from 1778: 1775:Walter Kempler 1768: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1695: 1680:Edwin Friedman 1665: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1626:Virginia Satir 1623: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1602: 1596: 1595: 1588: 1580: 1578:Albert Bandura 1567: 1561: 1560: 1553: 1549: 1546:Edwin Friedman 1539: 1533: 1532: 1526:Psychoanalysis 1523: 1512: 1506:Mary Ainsworth 1499: 1493: 1492: 1489:Psychoanalysis 1486: 1477:Also known as 1475: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1418: 1415:family systems 1408: 1402: 1392: 1389:group analysis 1382: 1379: 1373: 1366:Virginia Satir 1363: 1360: 1350: 1344: 1337:Walter Kempler 1334: 1320: 1317:systems theory 1313:Don D. Jackson 1310: 1300: 1290: 1284: 1281:cross-cultural 1270: 1264: 1261: 1258:Edwin Friedman 1255: 1245: 1235: 1217: 1207: 1197: 1194:systems theory 1187: 1177: 1174:systems theory 1163: 1156:Jack A. Apsche 1153: 1150: 1147: 1141: 1138: 1135:psychoanalytic 1128: 1117: 1112: 1109: 1105:code of ethics 1083: 1080: 1072:family therapy 1023:family studies 1004:social workers 960:United Kingdom 951: 948: 947: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 913: 910: 869: 866: 812: 811: 806: 801: 799:Systems theory 796: 791: 786: 783: 778: 773: 768: 765: 762: 759: 756: 753: 741: 738: 638:constructivist 601:to each other 591:constructivist 587:post-modernism 466:Virginia Satir 442:systems theory 393:psychoanalysts 342:hypnotherapist 278:Virginia Satir 243:psychoanalysis 231:Virginia Satir 183:child guidance 171:United Kingdom 152:specialization 130: 127: 84:Family therapy 79: 78: 71: 68: 67: 60: 54: 53: 48: 42: 41: 40:Family therapy 26: 24: 18:Family Therapy 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5668: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5559:Jeffrey Young 5557: 5555: 5554:Michael White 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5539:Les Greenberg 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5424:Carl Whitaker 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5404:Viktor Frankl 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5389:Jacques Lacan 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5379:Wilhelm Reich 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5344:Melanie Klein 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5314:Sigmund Freud 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5160:Token economy 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5003: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4966:Music therapy 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4956:Dance therapy 4954: 4952: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4899: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4805:Psychodynamic 4802: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4790:Psychotherapy 4784: 4779: 4777: 4772: 4770: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4712: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4680:Psychologists 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4670:Organizations 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4618:John Anderson 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4548:Ulric Neisser 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4533:Endel Tulving 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4518:Robert Zajonc 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4473:Jerome Bruner 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4438:B. F. Skinner 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4403:Clark L. Hull 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4383:Sigmund Freud 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4373:William James 4371: 4369: 4368:Wilhelm Wundt 4366: 4364: 4361: 4360:Psychologists 4356: 4348: 4347:Psychometrics 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4307:Consciousness 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4239:Psychophysics 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4181:Methodologies 4178: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4141:Psychotherapy 4139: 4137: 4136:Psychometrics 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3998: 3993: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3902:Developmental 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3779: 3777: 3772: 3770: 3765: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3704: 3696: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3670: 3666: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3634: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3551: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3480:(2): 181–94. 3479: 3475: 3468: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3430: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3410:(2): 139–49. 3409: 3405: 3398: 3395: 3390: 3384: 3380: 3373: 3366: 3363: 3359: 3358: 3351: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3324: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3301: 3298: 3287:on 2008-01-16 3286: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3248: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3172: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3102: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3067: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2986: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2912: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2875: 2872: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2852:(6): 623–30. 2851: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2821: 2818: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2803:0-393-70228-6 2799: 2795: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2761:(2): 179–191. 2760: 2756: 2749: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2706: 2703: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2675:(2): 81–113. 2674: 2670: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2599: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2579: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2529: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2476: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2428: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2320: 2317: 2311: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 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