20:
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302:(FTC) sent out dozens of warning letters to Instagram influencers in the beginning of 2017, giving further indications to influencers and marketers on how to disclose advertising and sponsored posts. Following the rules of the FTC, hashtags like #ad have to appear before the "more" button and are not allowed to be buried in a flood of other hashtags. Thus, "anyone endorsing a brand must "clearly and conspicuously" declare connections to it, for example, if products have been given free, if a payment has been made for the endorsement or if there is a business or family relationship".
1293:
252:
contract terms, for example if it concerns a one-time
Instagram post or a long-term partnership including several posts. Xenia van der Woodsen, one of Germany’s top three fashion influencers in 2017, accepts only long-term brand co-operations in the majority of cases. In her experience, posts of long-term campaigns appear more authentic and credible, whereas single paid content pieces stand out as advertisement.
244:
that she could earn more money with a single
Instagram post than working mana full day in a regular job. Robert and Christina are US-based Instagram fashion influencers and bloggers with over 450K followers on Instagram. They feature content on fashion, decor, travel, and their life together, and have you covered for all kinds of style inspiration – her style, his style, and couple style.
2147:
279:#mangogirls campaign several influencers had independently chosen the same coat as their favorite piece of the Mango collection and showcased it on Instagram. The coat went viral and sold-out. In fact, first studies show that every third consumer has already bought a product following the recommendation of an influencer.
248:
influencers. Only eight out of the 1,200 interviewed influencers earn in average between $ 10,000 – 25,000 per campaign and only three of them more than $ 25,000. Albeit the “leading fashion influencers in
Germany make over one million in revenue each year”, the majority makes less than $ 1,000 per campaign.
247:
Until fashion influencer
Danielle Bernstein spoke out on her mid-six figures income in 2015, financial information about the influencer business were relatively rare and inconsistent. In 2017, a study of Jung von Matt, Brandnew IO and Facelift revealed that such a high income is relatively rare among
195:
By 2019, many fashion influencers had "closet accounts" dedicated to them on social media. Often influential in their own right, these accounts search clothing websites to identify the clothes the influencers wear, and post the resulting shopping list. In doing so, they amplify the marketing power of
117:
appeared to be amateurish personal areas created as a hobby by fashion lovers to share their ideas of the latest trends or to get a job in the traditional fashion industry later on. At the time, the fashion industry was notoriously top-down and elitist. Fashion brands exercised tight control over the
243:
Successful fashion influencers generate an income through their social media activities that enables them to quit their jobs and focus solely on their social media career. German fashion influencer Xenia van der
Woodsen (xeniaoverdose) left her full-time job at an investment trust, when she realized
150:
spread. They enabled bloggers to reach a greater audience and have an even closer relationship with their existing readership. In fact, some bloggers closed their blogs as traffic moved to other platforms such as
Instagram. According to researcher Emily Hund “Social media’s influencer economy has
215:
of their followers, engagement rate and fit between influencer and brand. The latter is the necessary precondition for influencers to work with a brand. As thousands of people follow them for their authentic personality and style, influencers must be able to identify themselves with the brand in
278:
Although data that shows the direct correlation between influencer campaigns and sales are rare, the success of affiliate platforms as rewardStyle, Chirpyest, Shopstyle
Collective and successful examples such as the #mangogirls campaign, indicate that influencer engagement affects sales. In the
251:
A majority of influencers receive a salary. Solely a minority of 20 percent makes brand co-operations in exchange for giveaways. The salary primarily depends on the number of followers. The higher the follower number, the higher the salary range. The price for a cooperation depends also on the
191:
At the same time, the fashion industry had the highest share on
Instagram influencer marketing in the US. Its share, approximately 61%, far outweighed other sectors investing in influencer marketing such as travel (8%), and food and drinks (7%). The fashion industry spends around €1 billion on
129:
With increasing reach, fashion bloggers learned to monetize their contents. As
Pedroni remarks: “fashion blogs evolved from personal diaries kept by fashion lovers, into sophisticated marketing and economic tools”. Shortly after, new social media platforms such as
151:
gained steam quickly in the last few years, particularly on platforms like
Instagram and Pinterest, whose image-heavy nature easily lends itself to commerce”. Social media also gave rise to influencers who did not have a blog in the first place.
86:, Brandnew IO and Facelift point out: "Daily interactions across multiple channels, through photos, stories or live sessions, create a form of closeness and trust" that make influencers "often more tangible than traditional celebrities".
216:
order to recommend it convincingly. Many influencers claim to work exclusively with brands they really like and would recommend in private as well. Influencer Camille Charrière reportedly turned down a 5-digit offer of
305:
in June 2017, Instagram launched a new disclosure system with which users can tag sponsors in a post. If the brand confirms the commercial relation, the post is marked with a "paid partnership" tag at the top.
291:. The lines between posts in which influencers share product recommendations for free or because they are paid for it are often blurred. Influencers are supposed to mark a sponsored post with
671:
1024:
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19:
846:
275:. Influencers spread brand messages, increase brand awareness, contribute to a positive brand image and increase sales by tagging fashion brands in their posts.
220:, because she could not identify with the clothes: “At the end of the day, I’m selling my taste and my eye – if I do things off-brand I will lose the respect”.
1324:
978:"The Perceived Fit between Instagram Influencers and the Endorsed Brand: How Influencer–Brand Fit Affects Source Credibility and Persuasive Effectiveness"
1068:
1048:
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415:
204:
Fashion influencers generate income through brand co-operations and affiliate links. Principal sources of income are brand co-operations in terms of
467:
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525:
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enable fashion influencers to earn money on commission. The procedure was introduced by Amber Venz Box in 2011 and then updated in 2014.
2182:
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by offering critique and spotting trends. Eventually fashion blog amateurs were invited to sit next to celebrity fashion editors on
1309:
208:. Fashion influencers are paid to pose with specific products on their social media channels and must mark them correspondingly.
1242:
228:
94:
57:, parties, designer dinners and exclusive trips and to wear their clothes on social media. If a salary has been involved, the
951:
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82:". However, influencers seem to have a closer relationship with their audience than traditional celebrities. As marketers
2172:
1948:
345:
1998:
1963:
1314:
578:
Pedroni, Marco (2016). "Meso-celebrities, fashion and the media: How digital influencers struggle for visibility".
211:
The economic value of a fashion influencer is most commonly measured by number of followers. Other key aspects are
168:
calculated that the top ten fashion influencers combined generated a reach of 23.3 million on Instagram. It named
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755:
492:
386:
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1069:"Survey: Nearly One Third of Consumers Have Been Swayed by Social Influencers to Purchase a Product or Service"
299:
49:
content and has the power to influence the opinion and purchase behavior of others with their recommendations.
977:
864:
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2005:
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magazine Vietnam December 2021 as she encouraged fashion influencers to become advocates for the environment
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2020:
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526:"Meet fashion's super-influencers: the women with the power to charge ÂŁ58,000 for one Instagram post"
272:
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173:
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In 2017, Instagram was the social media platform with the highest reach for fashion influencers.
119:
106:
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Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Social Media & Society - #SMSociety17
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2015:
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Fashion influencers have been criticized by journalists for their lack of transparency on
169:
99:
50:
24:
1025:"RewardStyle And LIKEtoKNOWit Founder Amber Venz Box Is Changing The Retailing Industry"
606:
447:
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such as #ad or #sponsored, but often use less-obvious hashtags like #sp or none at all.
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1049:"How These 3 Tech Companies Revamped Their Products to Improve the Customer Experience"
288:
260:
233:
102:
901:"The effects of the standardized instagram disclosure for micro- and meso-influencers"
815:
Einstieg in das Influencer Marketing : Grundlagen, Strategien und Erfolgsfaktoren
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became a fashion influencer due to her successful YouTube channel, German influencer
83:
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Fashion brands use the reach and positive reputation of influencers by implementing
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Breves, Priska Linda; Liebers, Nicole; Abt, Marina; Kunze, Annika (December 2019).
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marketing of their products. Fashion blog amateurs became formidable rivals to
2114:
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628:"Measured Beauty: Exploring the aesthetics of Instagram's fashion influencers"
58:
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1142:"FTC Staff Reminds Influencers and Brands to Clearly Disclose Relationship"
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993:
760:
Influencer Secrets – A Study on the Motivation & Drive of Influencers
497:
Influencer Secrets – A Study on the Motivation & Drive of Influencers
391:
Influencer Secrets – A Study on the Motivation & Drive of Influencers
185:
143:
1218:
1090:"Social media stars breaching rules on promoting brands, watchdog says"
292:
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29:
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555:
The Influencer Industry: The Quest for Authenticity on Social Media
468:"What is the difference between a fashion influencer and blogger?"
416:"What Is The Difference Between A Fashion Influencer And Blogger?"
227:
93:
18:
1117:"Instagram to Make It Clearer When Influencer Posts Are Paid Ads"
1709:
1623:
696:
1191:
1851:
184:, Nicolette Mason, Simone Zippi Stardust, Aimee Song, and
786:"Are 'Closet Accounts' the Future of Fashion Journalism?"
41:
is a personality that has a large number of followers on
346:"The Difference Between Fashion Influencer And Blogger?"
946:
944:
27:
was named Top Fashion Influencer by American magazine
865:"Xenia van der Woodsen: Ăśber Geld spricht man nicht"
65:. Before social media "they would have been called '
2092:
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1832:
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697:"Pamela Reif: Fitness-Model und Instagram-Phänomen"
894:
892:
16:Person who influences fashion through social media
1111:
1109:
196:the influencers and help shape business trends.
188:as the top influencers in the fashion category.
61:may be required to label such posts as paid or
1203:
808:
806:
726:
724:
695:Wittershagen, Michael; Hamburg (2017-06-23).
8:
1325:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
926:11245.1/6976560e-fb22-4653-a830-19232c8689ea
298:Due to this lack of transparency, the U.S.
78:identified fashion influencers as "the new
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845:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
557:. Princeton University Press. p. 27.
519:
517:
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437:
435:
1167:"Celebrities warned over Instagram ads"
858:
856:
337:
952:"How Bloggers Make Money On Instagram"
838:
7:
1468:Social media in the fashion industry
899:Boerman, Sophie C. (February 2020).
381:
379:
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375:
373:
371:
369:
367:
365:
232:Fashion influencer and entrepreneur
192:sponsored Instagram posts per year.
159:due to her high reach on Instagram.
784:Lorenz, Taylor (10 October 2019).
732:"Top Influencers of 2017: Fashion"
672:"Top Influencers of 2017: Fashion"
14:
817:. Steinberg, Laurina. Wiesbaden.
113:In the beginning of 2000, online
2145:
1310:History of clothing and textiles
1291:
1243:Environmental impact of fashion
982:Journal of Advertising Research
580:Film, Fashion & Consumption
1:
524:Spedding, Emma (2016-10-06).
1088:Marsh, Sarah (2017-10-05).
905:Computers in Human Behavior
176:, Julia Engel, Gabi Gregg,
2204:
1315:History of Western fashion
863:Levy, Sarah (2017-08-21).
626:Hund, Emily (2017-07-28).
2140:
1320:History of fashion design
1289:
1229:Index of fashion articles
1226:
917:10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.015
2183:Social media influencers
1700:British country clothing
1258:Fashion design copyright
1146:Federal Trade Commission
756:"The Influencer Secrets"
607:"What Is An Influencer?"
493:"The Influencer Secrets"
448:"What Is An Influencer?"
387:"The Influencer Secrets"
300:Federal Trade Commission
2059:Anti-sweatshop movement
813:Marco, Nirschl (2018).
640:10.1145/3097286.3097330
224:For fashion influencers
53:endorse them to attend
2110:Chinoiserie in fashion
420:Harper's BAZAAR Arabia
240:
110:
80:celebrity endorsements
34:
1446:Fashion merchandising
634:. ACM. pp. 1–5.
592:10.1386/ffc.5.1.103_1
231:
97:
22:
2178:Internet celebrities
2021:South Korean fashion
1483:Trickle-down fashion
1421:Fashion illustration
1406:Fashion entrepreneur
1283:Semiotics of fashion
994:10.2501/JAR-2019-030
273:influencer marketing
2173:Fashion influencers
2069:Sustainable fashion
2036:Vietnamese clothing
1567:Western dress codes
1441:Fashion photography
1416:Fashion forecasting
553:Emily Hund (2023).
316:Affiliate marketing
98:American model and
2152:Fashion portal
2100:Ballet and fashion
2084:Zero-waste fashion
1800:Sportswear fashion
1478:Trickle-up fashion
1463:Red carpet fashion
1431:Fashion journalism
1426:Fashion influencer
790:The New York Times
321:Celebrity branding
267:For fashion brands
241:
238:Milan Fashion Week
174:Danielle Bernstein
120:fashion journalism
111:
72:Business magazine
39:fashion influencer
35:
2160:
2159:
2127:Music and fashion
1937:
1936:
1887:Thrift store chic
1715:Cruise collection
1677:
1676:
1602:Black lounge suit
1386:Designer clothing
1381:Clothing industry
1248:Fashion accessory
528:. The Telegraph.
206:product placement
126:front row seats.
63:sponsored content
45:, creates mainly
2195:
2150:
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2148:
2105:Capsule wardrobe
2064:Circular fashion
2046:Fashion activism
2011:Nigerian fashion
2006:Japanese fashion
1964:Filipino fashion
1954:Canadian fashion
1949:American fashion
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762:. Archived from
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499:. Archived from
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393:. Archived from
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326:Instagram models
105:on the Cover of
23:Italian blogger
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2026:Swedish fashion
2016:Russian fashion
1994:Italian fashion
1989:Israeli fashion
1984:Iranian fashion
1959:Chinese fashion
1933:
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1824:Vintage fashion
1812:Ghetto fabulous
1751:
1705:Business casual
1673:
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1401:Fashion capital
1391:Digital fashion
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956:Harper's BAZAAR
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605:Harris, Sarah.
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472:Harper's BAZAAR
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446:Harris, Sarah.
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350:Harper's BAZAAR
344:
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289:sponsored posts
285:
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261:Affiliate links
258:
256:Affiliate links
226:
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170:Chiara Ferragni
107:Harper's Bazaar
100:Miss Earth 2020
92:
25:Chiara Ferragni
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2132:Fashion victim
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2018:
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1979:Indian fashion
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1629:Cocktail dress
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1263:Fashion matrix
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2074:Slow fashion
2054:Anti-fashion
2031:Thai fashion
1692:Smart casual
1612:Evening gown
1451:Fast fashion
1425:
1396:Fashion blog
1358:Fashion week
1353:Fashion show
1335:21st century
1330:19th century
1175:. Retrieved
1173:. 2017-04-20
1170:
1161:
1150:. Retrieved
1148:. 2017-04-18
1145:
1136:
1125:. Retrieved
1123:. 2017-06-14
1120:
1097:. Retrieved
1094:the Guardian
1093:
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1072:. Retrieved
1063:
1052:. Retrieved
1043:
1032:. Retrieved
1028:
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960:. Retrieved
958:. 2015-05-20
955:
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793:. Retrieved
789:
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768:. Retrieved
764:the original
759:
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610:. Retrieved
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505:. Retrieved
501:the original
496:
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476:. Retrieved
474:. 2017-06-05
471:
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423:. Retrieved
419:
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395:the original
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353:. Retrieved
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236:at the 2019
213:demographics
210:
203:
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163:
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128:
124:fashion show
112:
73:
71:
43:social media
38:
36:
28:
1912:Heavy metal
1834:Alternative
1817:Bling-bling
1747:Young fogey
1597:Semi-formal
1492:Traditional
1436:Fashion law
911:: 199–207.
586:: 103–121.
182:Susanna Lau
157:Pamela Reif
2167:Categories
2115:Dress code
1942:By country
1927:Rockabilly
1790:Athleisure
1785:Sportswear
1765:Streetwear
1742:Teddy Boys
1725:Ivy League
1511:Diplomatic
1501:Ceremonial
1177:2018-02-25
1152:2018-02-25
1127:2018-02-25
1099:2018-02-25
1074:2018-02-25
1054:2018-02-25
1034:2018-02-25
962:2018-02-25
882:2018-02-25
833:1013881756
795:12 October
770:2018-02-24
741:2018-02-24
714:2018-02-24
681:2018-02-24
612:2018-02-24
539:2018-02-24
507:2018-02-25
478:2018-02-25
453:2018-02-25
425:2018-02-25
401:2018-02-25
355:2018-02-25
332:References
59:influencer
1882:Steampunk
1842:Androgyny
1654:Christian
1646:Religious
1607:Black tie
1590:Ball gown
1585:White tie
1473:Sweatshop
1010:203284319
1002:0021-8499
935:204359606
877:0044-2070
841:cite book
709:0174-4909
534:0307-1235
283:Criticism
132:Instagram
2093:See also
2079:Trashion
1877:Skinhead
1847:Bohemian
1805:Surfwear
1795:Gorpcore
1634:Pantsuit
1619:Informal
1523:Military
1516:Academic
1494:clothing
1456:in China
1368:Industry
1221:articles
1171:BBC News
869:Die Zeit
310:See also
293:hashtags
200:Business
186:Bryanboy
144:Facebook
67:It girls
2188:Fashion
2120:Undress
1999:History
1897:Greaser
1780:Hipster
1770:Hip hop
1664:Islamic
1538:Service
1302:History
1236:General
1219:Fashion
701:FAZ.NET
658:3002241
178:Jenn Im
153:Jenn Im
148:YouTube
136:Twitter
90:History
47:fashion
33:in 2017
1907:Grunge
1892:Rocker
1867:Lolita
1862:Gothic
1857:Fetish
1775:Hippie
1720:Preppy
1683:Casual
1659:Jewish
1575:Formal
1550:Combat
1543:Sailor
1376:Awards
1345:Events
1029:Forbes
1008:
1000:
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875:
831:
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736:Forbes
707:
676:Forbes
656:
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218:Macy’s
165:Forbes
140:TikTok
75:Forbes
51:Brands
30:Forbes
1922:Skate
1872:Queer
1506:Court
1006:S2CID
931:S2CID
654:S2CID
1917:Punk
1902:Glam
1710:Chic
1624:Suit
1557:Folk
1533:Mess
1528:Full
998:ISSN
873:ISSN
847:link
829:OCLC
819:ISBN
797:2019
705:ISSN
644:ISBN
559:ISBN
530:ISSN
146:and
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1852:Emo
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
