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1543:, the fasts of Great Lent and of Holy Week were separate. It was later in Church history that the Fathers of the Church saw it as spiritually beneficial to join them concurrently, and later added the Preparatory week to enable the faithful to prepare themselves spiritually and bodily to experience the benefits of the fasts.
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to strictly abstain from all types of food and drink between midnight and a certain time in the day, depending on each individual's strength and spiritual needs (this is usually based on the suggestion of the person's father of confession). For many parishioners, fasting is more likely to end at noon (the hour when
1440:'s call for them to repent. For Christians, these three days are a direct parallel of and a prophecy about the three days that Christ spent in the tomb, just like the three days Jonah spent in the belly of the fish. The fast of Nineveh begins on a Monday, three weeks before the Monday that marks the beginning of
1276:. Out of the 365 days of the year, Copts often fast between 210 and 240 days. This means that Copts abstain from all animal products for up to two-thirds of each year. Coptic Orthodox fasts have evolved over time to become more lengthy and severe. A lifestyle involving such fasts may have contributed to the
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The Church teaches us to fast until sunset. Fish is not allowed during this period. Also married couples should refrain from physical relations to give themselves time for fasting and prayer (1 Cor. 7: 5). We would like to emphasize the importance of the period of strict abstention during fasting. It
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A strict abstinence period, where no food or drink whatsoever may be taken, is encouraged for those who can endure it. The original tradition of the Church is for this period of abstinence to begin at midnight and last through sunset. Those who cannot endure this length of fast are still encouraged
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There is no specified age limit for children to start fasting. This is decided by their parents and parish priest. But, children are encouraged to fast from an early age of eight or ten. It is considered a sign of devotion. For children, fasting is seen as a means to develop their "Coptic skills". It
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Fish is permissible during the Advent fast, the
Apostles' Fast, and the fast of the Dormition of Saint Mary except on Wednesdays and Fridays of these fasts. Lent and the Holy Week fasts are stricter than the other fasts in their discipline. Fish is not permitted during the Great Lent. Those who wish
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If the Feast day falls on a Monday, then the
Paramon abstinence day is similarly substituted with the Friday before, since Saturday and Sunday are non-abstaining days. In this case, the Paramon Fast is considered as the three days, Friday, Saturday and Sunday, with only Friday as a Paramon
1307:(what most modern people would call "addictions"). These often low-intensity and hard-to-detect addictions to food, television or other entertainments, sex, or any kind of self-absorbed pleasure-seeking are seen as some of the most significant obstacles for man seeking closeness to
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If the Feast day falls on a Sunday, the
Paramon abstinence day is substituted by the Friday before, since Saturday is a non-abstaining day. In this case, the Paramon Fast is considered as the two days, Friday and Saturday, with only Friday as a Paramon abstinence
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There is an additional period of fasting before the beginning of the Great Lent, which serves as a preparatory period, often called the "Pre-Lenten Fast"; this initiates eight continuous weeks of fasting constituting three distinct consecutive fasting periods:
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The time and type of fast is generally uniform in
Oriental Orthodoxy. The times of fasting are dependent on the ecclesiastical calendar. In the Coptic Orthodox Church, this calendar is the Coptic calendar, which corresponds largely to the calendars of other
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Strict fasting with abstinence is canonically forbidden on
Saturdays and Sundays due to the festal character of the Sabbath and Resurrectional observances respectively. Holy (Bright) Saturday is the only Saturday of the year where a strict fast is kept.
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It is considered worse to advertise one's fasting than to not participate in the fast. Fasting is a purely personal communication between the
Orthodox Christian and God, and in fact, has no place whatsoever in the public life of the
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to preach
Christianity to the world. Its length varies yearly depending on the date of Easter, which in turn determines the date of Pentecost. The people who are fasting are allowed to eat vegan food and fish.
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An additional 3 days were added at the beginning of the 40 days of Advent during the 10th century to commemorate the three days that Copts fasted before God awarded them the miracle of moving the
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diet, thus abstaining from meat, fish, eggs, dairy, and other animal products. Food made of fava beans, lentils, grape leaves, tomatoes, potatoes etc. are consumed during fasting days.
1624:. Exceptions are the Wednesdays and Fridays between Resurrection and Pentecost (the 50-day period of joy during which fasting is not permitted) and any day whereon a Major Feast falls.
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of the early Church is the normative way of fasting, meaning that the believer goes without water and food from midnight to sunset; after that time, the consumption of water and one
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lasts 55 days, which includes traditional 40 days that Christ fasted on the mountain, plus a week before for varying reasons and a week after, as penance for Holy Week. It precedes
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on a certain day do not eat or drink at all during the nine hours preceding the partaking of the communion or from midnight of the previous night, whichever is longer.
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1418:(November 25, which also falls on 15 Hathor in leap years). The three added days are considered a separate fast rather than part of the fast of Advent.
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mindset of the Coptic people for centuries. Married couples refrain from sexual relations during Lent "to give themselves time for fasting and prayer".
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was placed on the Cross) or three o'clock in the afternoon (the hour when Christ died on the Cross). Strict abstinence is also expected to be kept on
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1311:. Through struggling with fasting, the believer comes face to face with the reality of his condition—the starting point for genuine repentance.
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If the Feast day falls on Friday, then the
Paramon Fast becomes a two-day fast since Wednesday is already a strict fasting day with abstinence.
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If the Feast day falls on
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attempt to recapture
Paradise in their lives by refraining from those carnal practices. In general, Coptic fasting means adhering to a
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There are those who see fasting as an exercise in self-denial and Christian obedience that serves to rid the believer of his or her
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These strict fasting rules are usually relaxed by priests on an individual basis to accommodate for illness or weakness. The
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There are 7 weeks during the year where there is no fasting even on Wednesday and Friday. These are the 7 weeks between
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Fasting is not generally viewed as a hardship, but rather a privilege and joy in preparing for the coming "Feast Day".
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is/are a fast day(s) in preparation for the Feast day. (See the rules for the fasting days of the Paramon Fasts)
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All Coptic Christians are expected to fast following a prescribed set of guidelines. In Coptic Christianity, the
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meal is permitted. Dispensation is however granted under special circumstances, such as pregnancy and sickness.
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The Paramon Fast is a strict fasting day with abstinence and no fish preceding the Nativity or Theophany Feast.
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meal is permitted. The fasting periods of Coptic Christians are exceeded by no other Christian denomination
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varies in length from two to six weeks (15 to 49 days). It begins on the Monday following the Sunday of
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from God, which were at that time considered the word of God to his people. Thus, with Christ being the
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fast those 40 days in preparation of receiving the Word of God in flesh at the Feast of the Nativity.
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of Syriac descent decided to adapt it for the Church of Alexandria. This fast is also observed by the
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abstinence day. This is the only case where a third previous day is included in the Paramon Fast.
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is refraining from eating and drinking for a period of time, followed by eating vegetarian food.
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1600:(August 22). For this particular fast, abstinence from fish is left to the Pope's discretion.
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Coptic Christians also fast every Wednesday in commemoration of Christ's betrayal by
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between midnight and the end of the Great Friday prayers (usually around 6pm).
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to take a vow of strict discipline for the fast of Saint Mary may also do so.
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introduces them to asceticism, which is integral to the Coptic way of life.
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fasting periods are designed to foster spiritual development and focus on
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Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California, and Hawaii
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The major fasting periods during the ecclesiastical calendar year are:
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Abstinence Fasting observance before partaking of the Holy Communion
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Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
1571:(July 12). This fasting period commemorates the struggles of the
1588:. This fasting period is fasted to ask for the intercessions of
1568:
1933:
Johnson, Maxwell E.; Alexopoulos, Stefanos (5 February 2022).
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There are spiritual, symbolic, and even practical reasons for
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1963:
History of the Coptic Orthodox People and the Church of Egypt
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This fast is fifteen days long and precedes the feast of the
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The Fast of the Holy Week, Passion Week, and the Holy Pascha
1376:
in leap years). The 40 days correspond to the 40 days that
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According to the Coptic tradition of fasting periods, the
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Since they are not related to each other dogmatically, in
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Between Desert and City: The Coptic Orthodox Church Today
1892:
The Coptic Christian Heritage: History, Faith and Culture
2049:
Doorn-Harder, Nelly van; Vogt, Kari (1 February 2012).
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Regarding the Fast of the Paramon of the Feasts of the
69:"Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church"
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1753:Christians who expect to receive communion of the
1432:It commemorates the three days that the people of
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1580:The Fast of the Dormition of the Mother of God
2085:. Oxford University Press. pp. 125–126.
1480:the Pre-Lenten Fast leading up to Great Lent;
1360:or Winter Lent) is the 40 days preceding the
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1380:fasted on the mountain before receiving the
2028:. Oxford University Press. pp. 82–89.
1936:Introduction to Eastern Christian Liturgies
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1632:The day or days preceding the Feast of the
1620:, and every Friday in commemoration of his
2055:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 198.
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1414:. Thus the fast of Advent begins on 16
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1939:. Liturgical Press. pp. 150–153.
1490:which immediately follows Great Lent.
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1988:"Coptic Christians-Encyclopedia.com"
1960:Morgan, Robert (23 September 2016).
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
1372:(January 7, which also falls on 28
1184:
1889:Farag, Lois M. (23 October 2013).
1536:and ends with the joyous Easter.
1461:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
25:
1612:Wednesday and Friday Weekly Fasts
1559:and extends to the feast day of
1471:The Fast of Preparation for Lent
1399:, which lies within a suburb of
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592:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
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1895:. Routledge. pp. 133–134.
1844:"The Meaning of the Great Lent"
1606:Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria
45:needs additional citations for
2079:Meinardus, Otto F. A. (2006).
2025:Egyptian customs and Festivals
1842:Samaan, Moses (9 April 2009).
1586:Dormition of the Mother of God
1483:the Fast of Great Lent itself;
1:
732:Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
610:History of Oriental Orthodoxy
570:French Coptic Orthodox Church
1966:. FriesenPress. p. 22.
1447:This fast was borrowed from
1294:Oriental Orthodox Christians
1274:except the Orthodox Tewahedo
1808:Eastern Orthodoxy (Fasting)
1602:Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria
1524:This is the week preceding
1436:fasted in repentance after
2139:
1596:(August 7) and ends on 16
1528:, which climaxes with the
1425:
1089:Apostolic Church-Ordinance
727:Oriental Orthodox Theology
472:Oriental Orthodox churches
2022:Abdennour, Samia (2007).
1457:Armenian Apostolic Church
1264:periods according to the
762:Anaphora of Saint Gregory
1547:The Fast of the Apostles
1486:the Paschal fast during
1453:Patriarchs of Alexandria
944:Athanasius of Alexandria
1818:Christian vegetarianism
1407:during the rule of the
1332:Christian denominations
1208:Christianity portal
974:Dioscorus of Alexandria
929:Nine Saints of Ethiopia
924:Gregory the Illuminator
860:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible
634:Saint Thomas Christians
406:Christianity portal
135:Part of a series on the
2118:Coptic Orthodox Church
1813:Coptic Orthodox Church
1777:Coptic Orthodox Church
1740:Resurrection of Christ
1738:in celebration of the
1495:The Fast of Great Lent
1412:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
1346:The Fast of the Advent
1258:Coptic Orthodox Church
1034:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
787:Liturgy of Saint Cyril
782:Liturgy of Saint Basil
777:Liturgy of Saint James
378:Coptic Catholic Church
373:Coptic Orthodox Church
1649:General dietary rules
1590:Mary, mother of Jesus
1256:), who belong to the
1039:Geevarghese Gregorios
750:Anaphora & Rites:
745:Liturgy and practices
27:Coptic Orthodox fasts
1992:www.encyclopedia.com
1761:Canonical observance
1604:allowed it, whereas
1459:(Arajavorats fast),
1074:Patriarch of Antioch
641:Ecumenical Councils:
604:History and theology
529:Independent churches
54:improve this article
1722:Non-fasting periods
1449:Syriac Christianity
1422:The Fast of Nineveh
1338:Observation periods
1147:Links and resources
1069:Catholicos of India
909:Cyril of Alexandria
560:Autonomous churches
548:Malabar Independent
1770:Principle of piety
1541:early Christianity
1465:Church of the East
1403:, on the hands of
1094:Coptic monasticism
1009:Michael the Syrian
984:Abraham of Farshut
979:Severus of Antioch
456:Oriental Orthodoxy
388:Evangelical Church
2123:Christian fasting
2092:978-977-424-973-0
2062:978-1-7252-3119-1
2035:978-977-416-060-8
1973:978-1-4602-8028-7
1946:978-0-8146-6380-6
1902:978-1-134-66684-3
1674:Strict abstinence
1636:and the Feast of
1628:The Paramon Fasts
1592:. It begins on 1
1362:Nativity of Jesus
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1024:Giyorgis of Segla
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629:Syriac history
626:
621:
619:Coptic history
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598:
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579:Constantinople
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541:
531:
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427:
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395:
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390:
380:
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367:
366:
362:
361:
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359:
354:
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329:
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294:
289:
281:
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275:
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271:Writing system
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137:
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42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2135:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2094:
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2083:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2054:
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2045:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
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1998:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1927:
1925:
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1917:
1915:
1913:
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1898:
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1879:
1877:
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1570:
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1562:
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1511:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1494:
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1478:
1477:
1470:
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1429:
1421:
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1417:
1413:
1410:
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1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:Nativity Fast
1345:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1279:
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1267:
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1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1182:
1180:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1143:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1099:Coptic saints
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
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1000:
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987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
954:Ezana of Axum
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
934:Tiridates III
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
902:Major figures
899:
898:
890:
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885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
866:
865:
861:
858:
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837:
836:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
803:
802:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
767:Armenian Rite
765:
763:
760:
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749:
748:
742:
741:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
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713:
709:
706:
704:
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689:
686:
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664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
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639:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
611:
608:
607:
601:
600:
593:
589:
586:
584:
580:
576:
573:
571:
567:
564:
563:
557:
556:
549:
545:
542:
540:
536:
533:
532:
526:
525:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
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502:
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497:
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489:
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484:
482:
479:
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470:
466:
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461:
458:
452:
448:
444:
443:
433:
428:
426:
421:
419:
414:
413:
411:
410:
407:
402:
397:
396:
389:
386:
385:
384:
383:Protestantism
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
368:
365:Denominations
363:
358:
355:
353:
352:South America
350:
348:
347:North America
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
327:
323:
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
302:United States
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
283:
282:
277:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
172:
171:
166:
157:
148:
147:
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124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2081:
2051:
2044:
2024:
1991:
1982:
1962:
1955:
1935:
1891:
1858:
1851:. Retrieved
1797:
1786:
1773:
1764:
1749:
1725:
1685:Great Friday
1677:
1668:
1665:Permissibles
1652:
1631:
1615:
1608:forbade it.
1583:
1550:
1538:
1523:
1499:
1498:
1474:
1446:
1431:
1394:
1351:
1349:
1341:
1328:
1324:
1313:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1243:
1123:
1014:Bar Hebraeus
874:Coptic cross
850:Coptic Bible
722:Miaphysitism
698:Capharthutha
200:
176:Architecture
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1795:practices.
1622:crucifixion
1561:Saint Peter
1534:Good Friday
1530:Crucifixion
1506:Palm Sunday
1386:Word of God
1189:WikiProject
1029:Mar Thoma I
797:Holy Qurobo
668:Ephesus III
261:Persecution
256:Nationalism
246:Monasticism
225:Literature
2113:Asceticism
2107:Categories
1824:References
1793:liturgical
1783:Exceptions
1736:Christians
1657:is mainly
1508:, and the
1501:Great Lent
1442:Great Lent
1426:See also:
1390:Christians
1320:vegetarian
1316:Black Fast
1270:vegetarian
1260:, observe
1250:Christians
1064:Catholicos
959:Frumentius
804:Calendars:
703:Shirakavan
663:Ephesus II
266:Philosophy
80:newspapers
1755:Eucharist
1732:Pentecost
1697:Theophany
1638:Theophany
1557:Pentecost
1510:Holy Week
1488:Holy Week
1366:Christmas
1179:Templates
1004:Nerses IV
939:Mar Awgin
914:Mor Addai
831:Gregorian
821:Ethiopian
715:Theology:
693:Manzikert
658:Ephesus I
583:Jerusalem
511:Ethiopian
322:Australia
191:Coptology
1853:10 March
1802:See also
1693:Nativity
1634:Nativity
1573:Apostles
1463:and the
1397:Mokattam
1368:) on 29
1305:passions
1278:pacifist
1159:Category
1079:Maphrian
964:Shenoute
845:Peshitta
811:Armenian
683:Dvin III
648:Nicaea I
575:Armenian
516:Eritrean
491:Armenian
447:a series
445:Part of
357:Diaspora
326:churches
316:churches
306:churches
221:Language
216:Toponymy
211:Identity
186:Calendar
110:May 2019
1695:and of
1434:Nineveh
1290:fasting
1284:Fasting
1262:fasting
1104:Debtera
919:Abgar V
708:Hromkla
688:Dvin IV
678:Dvin II
539:British
501:Cilicia
324: (
314: (
304: (
279:Regions
206:History
201:Fasting
168:Culture
94:scholar
2089:
2059:
2032:
1970:
1943:
1899:
1728:Easter
1681:Christ
1598:Mesori
1594:Mesori
1526:Easter
1514:Easter
1416:Hathor
1388:, the
1358:Advent
1134:Timkat
867:Cross:
838:Bible:
826:Julian
816:Coptic
673:Dvin I
588:Syriac
566:Coptic
544:Syriac
535:Coptic
496:Indian
486:Syriac
481:Coptic
342:Europe
332:Africa
312:Canada
234:Arabic
229:Coptic
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1659:vegan
1644:Rules
1567:on 5
1438:Jonah
1401:Cairo
1378:Moses
1374:Koiak
1370:Koiak
1298:vegan
1254:Egypt
1246:Copts
1169:Media
1059:Abuna
989:Yared
297:Libya
292:Sudan
287:Egypt
251:Names
241:Music
196:Cross
142:Copts
101:JSTOR
87:books
2087:ISBN
2057:ISBN
2030:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1855:2024
1730:and
1710:day.
1655:diet
1569:Epip
1563:and
1551:The
1350:The
1244:The
337:Asia
73:news
1532:on
1309:God
1252:of
181:Art
56:by
2109::
2071:^
2000:^
1990:.
1911:^
1867:^
1857:.
1846:.
1832:^
1779:.
1742:.
1516:.
1467:.
1444:.
590::
581:,
577::
568::
546::
537::
449:on
2095:.
2065:.
2038:.
1994:.
1976:.
1949:.
1905:.
1364:(
1356:(
1248:(
1233:e
1226:t
1219:v
612::
431:e
424:t
417:v
328:)
318:)
308:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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