99:, studied the mental health crisis among farmers, aiming to move beyond simple death statistics and create a comprehensive profile of these individuals. As the lead researcher for AgKnow, a non-profit mental health initiative for farmers, she emphasized the importance of understanding the person behind the statistics to develop effective suicide prevention interventions. Purc-Stephenson and her team introduced the Farming Adversity-Resilience Management (FARM) framework, an analytical tool mapping the intertwining risk factors, guiding future research and improved prevention measures.
160:, described a global farmer suicide crisis citing countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, France, and India. A 2005 literature review of 52 scholarly publications from Canada, India, Sri Lanka, the United States, and Australia identified farmers as having the highest rates of suicide compared to other industries. The 2005 review said that the causes include financial stress and the uncertainties associated with farming. In advanced economies there is a significantly higher suicide rate among farmers than the general population.
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by suicide were deeply connected to their farms and could not envision themselves in any other occupation. Many of these individuals, especially men, were described as hard-working, strong, and private, taking pride in being the stoic breadwinners for their families. Purc-Stephenson identified stoicism and the pressure to succeed as a perilous combination.
26:. Based on 2015 and 2016 surveys conducted by University of Guelph researchers, compared to the general population, Canadian farmers were more prone to mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety because of the unique nature of agricultural work. Their risk of burnout was higher and their resilience lower.
102:
The study revealed that consecutive years of poor crop yields, livestock epidemics, or unexpected equipment breakdowns could lead to significant financial strain, trapping farmers in a cycle of adversity. Beyond financial concerns, the crisis often touched on questions of legacy, as farmers who died
123:
which meant that they did not have enough to pay all their bills. In Prince Edward Island the first hard frost appeared in
September 2018 meant that farmers had to abandon crops like "potatoes, corn, soybeans and a lot of horticultural crops" making that winter much more difficult for many farmers.
67:
In the 2018 submission to the committee, Jones-Bitton, whose research informed the committee's "policy recommendations for farmers and mental illness", cautioned that
Canadian farmers and ranchers compared to the general population, had lower levels of resilience and were prone to higher levels of
34:
A study of farmers based on data gathered from 1971 to 1987, led by W. Pickett at Queen's
University's Department of Emergency Medicine Canadian farmers, found that male farmer operators' suicide rates were lower than that of males in the general public. According to the study, whose findings were
132:
In 2020, farmers were also faced with new challenges such as increased costs and a lack of workers either because they were sick with COVID-19 or because of pandemic-related travel bans that prevented seasonal workers from entering the country. With fewer farm workers and truck drivers there were
106:
Addressing the issue requires family and community support, reducing stigma, and prioritizing greater access to healthcare in rural areas, including farmer-tailored counseling services. Purc-Stephenson stressed the urgency of implementing these measures to prevent further tragedies in the farming
63:
Pickett's findings also contrasted with findings of the hearings and 2019 final report of the House of
Commons Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food. The Committee held hearings from June 2018 through 9 May 2019 with various stakeholders to enhance understanding of mental health in the
41:
journal, during that period that ended in 1987, 1,457 cases of suicide were identified by the
Canadian Farm Operator Cohort. The 1999 article said that the "high levels of social support" typical of farm communities in Canada may have been a factor in preventing the rate of suicide from reaching
45:
Pickett's findings in the 1999 report contrasted with those in more recent research including that undertaken by a team of researchers at the
University of Guelph led by Andria Jones-Bitton, who is a veterinarian and an epidemiologist, as well as professor at the Ontario Veterinary College. In
60:. Their research is believed to be the first in Canada to use these validated tools to "quantify resilience" and mental health in Canadian farmers. In the 2015–2016 poll, 45% of responders who participated reported high stress, 57% experienced anxiety, and 35% experienced depression.
64:
Canadian agriculture community. The resulting 70-page report was published in May 2019. The report cited a 2018 University of Regina study "found that suicide among agriculture, forestry and fishery workers was higher than in the rest of the population worldwide."
21:
refers to the occurrences of farmers who died by suicide across the country. Two of the most physically and mentally stressful occupations are farming and ranching, according to the
Canadian Centre for Suicide Prevention and the
68:
stress and depression, which increased their risk of burnout. Jone-Bitton reported to the House that this not only threatened the well-being of the farming community, but also the
Canadian agricultural sector's sustainability.
145:
farmer who was alarmed that her peers had laughed at a recent farmer suicide. She had urged farmers to do more for those seeking help. Along with others they established the Do More
Agriculture Foundation.
92:, the program trains volunteer "guardians", such as agricultural products providers and veterinarians, to recognize when farmers they know may have suicidal tendencies and help connect them with resources.
78:, "n Canada, producers (farmers and ranchers) are especially prone to mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety, and they may have less resiliency because of the stressors they experience."
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Three main stressors include weather, workload, and finances. A second snowfall with "15 centimetres of heavy, wet snow" in
October 2018 prevented the harvest on a third of one family farm
3216:
1613:
1039:
Hounsome, Barry; Edwards, Rhiannon T.; Hounsome, Natalia; Edwards-Jones, Gareth (August 2012). "Psychological Morbidity of Farmers and Non-farming Population: Results from a UK Survey".
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Canadian farmers are reporting high stress — with one-quarter having considered suicide — as well as increased alcohol use, social withdrawal, and poor sleep habits.
1085:
Mental Health and Suicide: An Ecological Hierarchical Analysis of U.S. Counties and States, Opportunities and Challenges for Applied Demography in the 21st Century
56:
54:(PSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. The findings of their study were published in a 2020 journal article in
85:
study that examined farmers' mental health, a team of researchers under Jones-Bitton reported that "one in four farmers felt their life was not worth living."
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Submission to the standing committee on agriculture and agri-food: Strengthening Canada's agriculture sector — A Canadian network for farmer mental health
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Since 2019, the mental health of farmers has been "identified as a priority" by the House of Commons Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food.
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In order to reduce farmer suicides in Ontario, the Toronto-based Guardian Network was established. According to the
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1983:
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Jones-Bitton, Andria; Best, Colleen; MacTavish, Jennifer; Fleming, Stephen; Hoy, Sandra (1 February 2020).
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2014:
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2019:
1976:
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1249:"With high stress, anxiety and depression, 40 per cent of Canadian farmers uneasy about seeking help"
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82:
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1192:"Climate change, COVID, sanctions: The mental health of Canadian farmers is being put to the test"
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2015–2016, Jones-Bitton's research team conducted an online survey of 1132 farmers using three
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1111:"'I thought I was going to die': Canadian farmers open up about struggles with mental health"
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Fraser, C.E.; Smith, K.B.; Judd, F.; Humphreys, J.S.; Fragar, L. J.; Henderson, A. (2005).
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According to a 2021 fact sheet produced by the Centre for Suicide Prevention and the
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1935:
1796:
1781:
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1087:. Applied Demography Series. Vol. 2. Netherlands: Springer. pp. 289–308.
855:(Report). Report of the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food. p. 70
156:
142:
47:
302:
300:
298:
2712:
2524:
1915:
1724:
1424:
1222:"Study explores common risks and resiliencies in farmers' mental health crisis"
1130:
980:
877:"An Application of a Community Psychology Approach to Dealing with Farm Stress"
2348:
1900:
1714:
1647:
1490:
1052:
607:"Mental Health Challenges that Canadian Farmers, Ranchers, and Producers Face"
219:
217:
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141:
In June 2017, the #Ag we gotta do more hashtag was created by a Kim Keller, a
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609:. House of Commons Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food. 2019
442:
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544:
542:
120:
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Lead researcher Rebecca Purc-Stephenson, a psychology professor at the
2539:
2308:
710:"CMHA Ontario launches suicide prevention program to support farmers"
560:
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1520:
964:"Stress, anxiety, depression, and resilience in Canadian farmers"
318:
306:
251:
249:
247:
223:
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1354:
1171:"Guardian program starts for Ontario farmer suicide prevention"
926:
An overview of the Canadian agriculture and agri-food system.
202:
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488:
486:
268:
266:
264:
234:
232:
1350:
2277:
1276:"Farmer Mental Health in Canada Worsened During Pandemic"
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412:
400:
372:
370:
368:
366:
329:
327:
548:
802:"Farming and Mental Health Problems and Mental Illness"
1083:
Kposowa, Augustine J.; Glyniadaki, Aikaterini (2012).
505:
503:
461:
459:
457:
455:
285:
283:
281:
936:
Overview of Canada's agriculture and agri-food sector
1109:
Purdon, Nick; Palleja, Leonardo (17 February 2020).
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3001:
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2481:
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2007:
1954:
1858:
1823:
1795:
1601:
1448:
1388:
425:
423:
421:
255:
584:
1304:"Why are America's farmers killing themselves?"
940:Agriculture and Agri-Food, Government of Canada
928:Agriculture and Agri-Food, Government of Canada
1129:Pickett, W.; King, W. D.; Faelker, T. (1999).
968:Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
272:
57:Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
2293:
1366:
1247:Tait, Carrie; Leeder, Jessica (20 May 2019).
690:"Why are so many farmers committing suicide?"
494:
8:
388:
238:
881:Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health
533:
3257:
3007:
2833:
2589:
2489:
2364:World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)
2321:
2300:
2286:
2278:
1373:
1359:
1351:
806:International Journal of Social Psychiatry
521:
376:
175:Farmers' suicides in western Odisha, India
1175:Capital News Service via Spartan Newsroom
979:
850:Mental Health: a Priority for our Farmers
664:
646:
1131:"Suicides among Canadian farm operators"
357:
333:
289:
509:
477:
465:
192:
81:In a 2021 follow-up to their 2015–2016
1331:"Suicidal thoughts high among farmers"
182:Farmers' suicides in the United States
3066:Metropolitan areas and agglomerations
726:"Mental health resources for farmers"
7:
745:"Agriculture and suicide fact sheet"
629:Behere, P. B.; Bhise, M. C. (2009).
572:
429:
345:
3339:Topics by provinces and territories
1220:Snowdon, Wallis (1 November 2023).
128:COVID-19 pandemic related stressors
751:Mental Health Commission of Canada
749:Centre for Suicide Prevention and
631:"Farmers' suicide: Across culture"
203:Centre for Suicide Prevention 2021
90:Canadian Mental Health Association
76:Mental Health Commission of Canada
24:Mental Health Commission of Canada
14:
1810:List of countries by suicide rate
1302:Weingarten, Debbie (2018-12-11).
1190:Roberts, Robin (16 August 2022).
875:Gerrard, Nikki (September 2000).
3402:
3401:
3389:
1815:Antidepressants and suicide risk
256:Pickett, King & Faelker 1999
2424:Former colonies and territories
1169:Rizk, Emile (21 October 2022).
1041:Community Mental Health Journal
848:Finnegan, Pat, ed. (May 2019).
3440:Agricultural health and safety
2359:Post-Confederation (1867–1914)
447:University of Guelph News 2022
413:Agriculture and Agri-Food 2021
401:Agriculture and Agri-Food 2017
1:
1843:heads of state and government
1012:Jones-Bitton, Andria (2018).
585:Kposowa & Glyniadaki 2012
133:backlogs in farm processing.
635:Indian Journal of Psychiatry
3445:Farmers who died by suicide
2404:Crown and Indigenous people
1946:Suicide prevention contract
1255:. Calgary and Charlottetown
19:Farmers' suicides in Canada
3461:
3294:Provincial and territorial
3217:Inventions and discoveries
2354:British Canada (1763–1867)
1398:Assessment of suicide risk
1135:Chronic Diseases in Canada
981:10.1007/s00127-019-01738-2
170:Farmers' suicides in India
38:Chronic Diseases in Canada
3383:
2520:Newfoundland and Labrador
1280:University of Guelph News
1053:10.1007/s10597-011-9415-8
942:(Report). 5 November 2021
495:Purdon & Palleja 2020
35:published in 1999 in the
1583:Suicide and the Internet
1546:Social media and suicide
818:10.1177/0020764005060844
319:Jones-Bitton et al. 2020
307:Jones-Bitton et al. 2020
224:Jones-Bitton et al. 2020
150:International comparison
2454:Persons of significance
2449:National Historic Sites
893:10.7870/cjcmh-2000-0017
648:10.4103/0019-5545.58286
534:Behere & Bhise 2009
2349:New France (1534–1763)
377:Tait & Leeder 2019
111:Occupational stressors
52:Perceived Stress Scale
3430:Agriculture in Canada
2561:Northwest Territories
2464:Territorial evolution
1516:Philosophy of suicide
97:University of Alberta
2535:Prince Edward Island
1833:Suicide in antiquity
1621:Bullying and suicide
1506:Interpersonal theory
1501:Identity performance
1481:Dysfunctional family
1420:Suicide intervention
1335:The Western Producer
561:Hounsome et al. 2012
83:University of Guelph
2890:Firearms regulation
1891:Diseases of despair
1881:Consensual homicide
1848:in the 21st century
1678:Jumping from height
1177:. Lansing, Michigan
1019:(Report). p. 4
774:Dyer, Joel (1998).
273:Cantech Letter 2021
117:Peace River Country
3071:Population centres
1735:London Underground
1593:Workplace bullying
1430:Suicide prevention
1253:The Globe and Mail
778:. Westview Press.
549:Fraser et al. 2005
154:A 2018 article in
3435:Suicide in Canada
3417:
3416:
3396:Canada portal
3317:
3316:
3084:
3083:
2898:
2897:
2853:Political parties
2821:Foreign relations
2736:
2735:
2623:Canadian Prairies
2613:Pacific Northwest
2579:
2578:
2477:
2476:
2434:Foreign relations
2275:
2274:
1989:Music subcultures
1886:Depression (mood)
1541:Social inequality
1415:Suicidal ideation
1094:978-94-007-2296-5
389:Jones-Bitton 2018
239:Jones-Bitton 2018
3452:
3405:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3258:
3101:Higher education
3008:
2993:Science and tech
2880:Multiculturalism
2834:
2816:Local government
2781:House of Commons
2765:Governor General
2601:
2590:
2505:British Columbia
2490:
2344:Pre-colonization
2322:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2250:military veteran
2235:Assisted suicide
2223:Assisted suicide
1838:List of suicides
1633:Charcoal-burning
1609:Assisted suicide
1561:Suicide survivor
1551:Social rejection
1486:Economic anxiety
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844:
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789:
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740:
738:
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721:
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712:. 16 August 2022
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3413:
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3379:
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3313:
3256:
3168:
3159:Social programs
3125:Law enforcement
3080:
3054:
2997:
2894:
2832:
2732:
2672:
2659:Atlantic Canada
2637:Canadian Shield
2632:Northern Canada
2599:
2598:
2575:
2549:
2485:and territories
2484:
2473:
2383:
2330:
2311:
2306:
2276:
2271:
2255:Native American
2003:
1950:
1931:Suicide methods
1926:Suicide attempt
1854:
1819:
1805:Sex differences
1791:
1597:
1588:Toxic workplace
1536:School bullying
1526:Religious views
1444:
1384:
1379:
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1016:
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1000:
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934:
930:(Report). 2017.
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911:
874:
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852:
847:
838:
836:
799:
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776:Harvest of Rage
773:
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755:
743:
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732:
724:
715:
713:
708:
699:
697:
696:. November 2021
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605:
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591:
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559:
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522:Weingarten 2018
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42:higher levels.
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5:
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3372:
3367:
3362:
3360:Historiography
3357:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3076:Municipalities
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3014:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2988:Transportation
2985:
2980:
2975:
2973:Stock exchange
2970:
2969:
2968:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2941:Communications
2938:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2787:Prime Minister
2784:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:National Parks
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2654:Eastern Canada
2651:
2650:
2649:
2642:Central Canada
2639:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2615:
2608:Western Canada
2604:
2602:
2600:(west to east)
2587:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:Constitutional
2395:
2393:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2218:United Kingdom
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1876:Caring letters
1873:
1871:Animal suicide
1868:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1762:Suicide attack
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1742:Self-sacrifice
1739:
1738:
1737:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:Murder–suicide
1692:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1449:Social aspects
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1403:Crisis hotline
1400:
1394:
1392:
1390:Suicide crisis
1386:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1348:
1347:
1327:
1293:
1292:
1282:. 30 June 2022
1266:
1265:
1238:
1237:
1211:
1210:
1187:
1160:
1159:
1141:(3): 105–110.
1126:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1074:
1073:
1047:(4): 503–510.
1030:
1029:
1009:
974:(2): 229–236.
953:
952:
932:
923:
866:
865:
845:
812:(4): 340–349.
791:
790:
785:978-0813332932
784:
765:
764:
741:
722:
706:
694:Cantech Letter
680:
679:
641:(4): 242–243.
620:
619:
597:
595:
592:
590:
589:
577:
565:
553:
538:
526:
514:
499:
482:
470:
451:
434:
417:
405:
393:
391:, p. 1-2.
381:
362:
350:
338:
336:, p. 234.
323:
321:, p. 231.
311:
309:, p. 230.
294:
277:
260:
243:
228:
207:
191:
189:
186:
185:
184:
179:
178:
177:
165:
162:
151:
148:
138:
135:
129:
126:
112:
109:
31:
28:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3457:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3410:
3409:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Protectionism
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:Dairy farming
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2804:Supreme Court
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2664:The Maritimes
2662:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:New Brunswick
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:First Nations
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2230:United States
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:By subculture
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Perfectionism
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1747:Banzai charge
1745:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:Sokushinbutsu
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:Vatakkiruttal
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:Suicide types
1600:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:Social stigma
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1440:Warning signs
1438:
1436:
1435:Suicide watch
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1015:
1010:
999:
995:
991:
987:
982:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
959:
958:
957:
941:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:(2): 89–100.
886:
882:
878:
873:
872:
871:
870:
851:
846:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
797:
796:
795:
787:
781:
777:
772:
771:
770:
769:
753:
752:
746:
742:
731:
727:
723:
711:
707:
695:
691:
687:
686:
685:
684:
676:
672:
667:
662:
658:
654:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
626:
625:
624:
608:
604:
603:
602:
601:
593:
586:
581:
578:
575:, p. 33.
574:
569:
566:
562:
557:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
530:
527:
523:
518:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
487:
483:
479:
474:
471:
467:
462:
460:
458:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
409:
406:
402:
397:
394:
390:
385:
382:
378:
373:
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
358:Finnegan 2019
354:
351:
347:
342:
339:
335:
334:Finnegan 2019
330:
328:
324:
320:
315:
312:
308:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
290:Finnegan 2019
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2858:Human rights
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2755:Constitution
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2171:Saudi Arabia
1936:Suicide note
1896:Echo chamber
1797:Epidemiology
1782:Suicide pill
1531:Right to die
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3030:Immigration
2912:Agriculture
2873:Transgender
2713:Great Lakes
2693:Earthquakes
2647:Great Lakes
2554:Territories
2525:Nova Scotia
2444:Monarchical
2429:Immigration
2208:Switzerland
2181:South Korea
2015:Afghanistan
1916:Self-hatred
1725:Prayopavesa
1578:Terminology
1566:bereavement
1511:Legislation
1425:Suicidology
1341:18 December
1286:18 December
1259:19 December
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1120:18 December
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613:18 December
107:community.
50:scales—the
3424:Categories
3365:Historians
3222:Literature
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3118:Euthanasia
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3050:Population
2772:Parliament
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2141:Mozambique
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2025:Bangladesh
2008:By country
1967:LGBT youth
1901:Last words
1715:Sallekhana
1673:Immolation
1648:Familicide
1573:Literature
1491:Euthanasia
1466:Altruistic
594:References
3140:Terrorism
3096:Education
3035:Languages
3023:Ethnicity
3018:Canadians
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2728:Volcanism
2703:Mountains
2585:Geography
2493:Provinces
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2414:Etymology
2374:1960–1981
2369:1945–1960
2327:Year list
2198:Sri Lanka
2176:Singapore
2131:Lithuania
2082:Hong Kong
2065:Greenland
2020:Australia
1994:Prisoners
1921:Suffering
1911:Self-harm
1787:Vehicular
1683:locations
1471:Awareness
1321:3 January
1316:0261-3077
1231:3 January
1196:Healthing
1147:0228-8699
990:1433-9285
921:Full-text
901:0713-3936
839:3 January
657:0019-5545
573:Dyer 1998
430:Rizk 2022
346:Agri 2019
188:Citations
3408:Category
3348:Research
3322:Contents
3304:Heraldic
3212:Identity
3207:Holidays
3202:Folklore
3113:Abortion
3040:Religion
2978:Taxation
2885:Cannabis
2863:Intersex
2839:Politics
2811:Military
2723:Wildlife
2510:Manitoba
2439:Military
2409:Economic
2334:timeline
2156:Pakistan
2040:Cameroon
1984:Military
1772:By pilot
1757:Senicide
1752:Kamikaze
1730:By train
1643:Epidemic
1476:Bullying
1461:Advocacy
1155:10557200
1115:CBC News
1069:23295347
1061:21556782
998:31197397
909:11381740
834:20151740
826:16400909
730:CTV News
675:20048446
164:See also
30:Overview
3375:Surveys
3370:Studies
3334:Outline
3309:Tartans
3263:Symbols
3252:Theatre
3197:Cuisine
3174:Culture
3147:Poverty
3089:Society
2983:Tourism
2956:Fishing
2929:Banking
2904:Economy
2760:Monarch
2698:Islands
2595:Regions
2566:Nunavut
2530:Ontario
2500:Alberta
2317:History
2267:Uruguay
2260:teenage
2245:farmers
2240:college
2213:Ukraine
2161:Romania
2151:Nigeria
2116:Ireland
2104:farmers
2087:student
2060:Denmark
2030:Belarus
1962:Doctors
1941:Tourism
1866:Anguish
1859:Related
1825:History
1705:Seppuku
1663:Hanging
1658:Gunshot
1638:Copycat
1496:Failure
1382:Suicide
666:2802368
121:Alberta
3272:Anthem
3247:Sports
3192:Cinema
3164:Values
3011:Topics
2951:Energy
2934:Dollar
2799:Courts
2776:Senate
2718:Rivers
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2166:Russia
2136:Mexico
2077:Guyana
2072:Greece
2055:France
2045:Canada
2035:Bhutan
1977:Mormon
1767:By cop
1653:Forced
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3299:Royal
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3227:Music
3130:Crime
3059:Lists
2571:Yukon
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1017:(PDF)
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3287:List
3282:Flag
2868:LGBT
2792:list
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1972:list
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1690:Mass
1626:list
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1456:ACEs
1408:list
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3187:Art
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