31:
55:
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339:
which was required in order to achieve the fashionable silhouette. Changes in the shape of the farthingale impacted the construction of other garments including the "forepart", the exposed front or apron of the skirt or kirtle made from richer fabrics. Later forms of the forepart were larger and wider and some surviving examples seem to have been extended to accommodate the new shape.
275:, in 1571. They first appeared in England during the 1570s. On 17 March 1577 the English ambassador to Paris, Amyas Paulet, sent a new type of farthingale to Queen Elizabeth I stating that it was "such as is now used by the French Queen and the Queen of Navarre." Janet Arnold has stated that this new style was probably a roll that sat on top of the cone-shaped Spanish farthingale.
63:
347:
streamlined the torso. Criticisms of farthingales are also indicative of spatial anxieties relating to fears about these garments creating intimate personal spaces around the female body, masking the appropriation of social status, and physically displacing men. These fears continued into the eighteenth and nineteenth century, where tropes about the size of hoop petticoats (
43:
282:(1611), defined the French farthingale as "the kind of roll used by such women as weare no Vardingales." Several wardrobe accounts and tailors' bills of the late 16th century give us an idea of what these rolls were made of: they were stuffed with cotton and rags, and stiffened with hoops of whalebone, wire, or ropes made of bent reeds.
2155:
156:, in 1501. She and her ladies were observed to wear "beneath their waist certain round hoops, bearing out their gowns from their bodies, after their country manner". However, there is little evidence to show that she continued to wear this fashion as she adopted English styles of dress. In March 1519 at a masque at
334:
A second style of French farthingale, also known as the wheel, great, drum or cartwheel farthingale, became fashionable in
England during the 1590s. It seems to have consisted of several hoops made from whalebone that graduated outwards from the level of the waistline in a wheel shape. This structure
346:
Some historians have raised doubts about the size of these garments, which some contemporaries claimed could be as wide as 1.4 metres. Instead they claim that the seemingly enormous size of these garments was an optical illusion created by wearing it with a pair of bodies (corset) that elongated and
393:
was surprised by the size of Anne of
Denmark's farthingale which was four feet wide at the hips. Large styles of French farthingales remained popular in England and France until the 1620s when they disappeared in portraiture and wardrobe accounts. They were replaced by small rolls or bum-rolls that
342:
The great farthingale appears to have been worn at an angle ("low before and high behind") which visually elongated the wearer's torso while shortening her legs. The angle was likely created by the use of bodies (corsets) or boned bodices with long centre fronts that pushed down on the farthingale,
496:
The wardrobe accounts of Queen
Elizabeth mention the purchase of thousands of special "great verthingale pynnes", "myddle verthingale pynnes", and "smale verthingale pynnes" from 1563. These were probably used for pinning deep tucks in fathingales to hold whalebone supports, and to position heavy
338:
Although there are also no surviving examples of this type of garment, there are a number of references to a "Great
Farthingale" in Queen Elizabeth I's wardrobe accounts during the time when this style was in vogue. "Great" in this context referred to the large circumference of the farthingale,
470:
wrote to her London tailor, Roger Jones, about farthingale sleeves covered with satin, and he suggested another style of sleeve now in fashion would be "fytter" for her new gown. In 1607 there were discussions about taxing imported whale fin baleen, "used only in sleeves and bodies for women".
435:
In
England, sleeves were enlarged and shaped with a whale bone armature, worn as a support underneath wide sleeves, and these were called "farthingale sleeves" or "vardingall sleeves." An account from William Jones for making a gown for Queen Elizabeth includes "a payer of vardingall sleves of
322:. From contemporary references, and the visual cues provided by the engraving, it appears to have consisted of a bolster-like roll either stuffed or held out with reeds which, being fastened around the hips, served the purpose of widening the skirts at the hip area, creating drapes.
145:, and her wanton behaviour was considered scandalous. When she started to use farthingales, court fashion followed suit. As Joan had two illegitimate children by Pedro de Castilla y Fonseca, rumors abounded that she used the farthingale to cover up a pregnancy.
227:, in 1554 contained some items fashioned from disused vestments, including two pieces of blue silk which were "tranposyd to wardyngalis" with a pair of sleeves. Farthingales were bought for children, including Ann Cavendish, the nine year old stepdaughter of
325:
Some modern costumers conjecture that the French farthingale and the "great farthingale" were one and the same garment, the difference in shape and construction being due to changes in fashion from the 1580s to the 1590s.
254:
had a black taffeta "verdugalle" in 1550, and another of violet taffeta, and a set of fashion dolls with 15 farthingales. Whale bone was bought to shape her farthingales in 1562. The contemporary French physician
94:
in the fifteenth century. Farthingales served important social and cultural functions for women in
Renaissance Europe as they expressed, primarily when worn by court women, high social position and wealth.
411:
in 1620. She wrote of her surprise at the large
Spanish style ruffs and Spanish style gowns worn without farthingales by aristocrats and townspeople. She ensured her gentlewomen adapted to the culture.
375:
371:
thought that Anne's farthingale might conceal a pregnancy in
October 1605, writing, "The Queen is generally held to be pregnant, but no appearance eminent by reason of the short vardugals in use".
335:
was often supported by a padded roll underneath, and was distinct in appearance from the other French farthingale roll, as it had a hard edge from which the skirts dramatically fell.
179:
One of the first references to a farthingale in
England comes from the accounts of Princess Elizabeth in 1545 that describe a farthingale made of crimson Bruges satin. The courtier
474:
A surviving single
English farthingale sleeve with its whalebone hoops and an outer silk sleeve was rediscovered in 2022. These items, connected with the Willoughby family of
827:
318:
There are no extant examples of this style of undergarment, and only one illustration, a satirical Dutch engraving of c. 1600, that shows the bum-roll being affixed by a
148:
The earliest images of Spanish farthingales show hoops prominently displayed on the outer surfaces of skirts, although later they merely provided shape to the overskirt.
247:
were bought "verdingalles" in December 1573. Mary, as Countess Rivers, made bequests of clothing in 1641 including a carnation and black taffeta fathingales and rolls.
440:
in 1597, includes a "paier of verthingale slevis of fustian". Jones made many pairs of farthingale sleeves in the 1580s, perhaps for the women of Elizabeth's court.
3257:
2089:
922:
2044:
1493:
427:, with her farthingale and she wondered if all English women had such an unusual shape. This story may have been composed in condemnation of the fashion.
455:), wrote in December 1590 to her husband about a London tailor who was making her "a pair of verdingale sleeves & a French verdingale". A Welsh MP
382:
hoped this would lead to the demise of the fashion. Princess Elizabeth herself was wearing a whalebone farthingale and "bodies" made by John Spence.
485:
160:
female dancers in fanciful "Egyptian" costumes wore black velvet gowns "with hoops from the waist downwards", which may have been farthingales.
415:
A well-known anecdote concerning farthingales dates from the end of this period. It was said that in 1628 Jane, wife of the English ambassador
981:"'Take measure of your wide and flaunting garments': The farthingale, gender and the consumption of space in Elizabethan and Jacobean England"
1427:'Take Measure of Your Wide and Flaunting Garments': The Farthingale, Gender and the Consumption of Space in Elizabethan and Jacobean England"
898:
164:
1292:
389:
large English farthingale drew unwelcome attention from a crowd in the streets of Amsterdam. In December 1617 the Venetian ambassador
232:
1523:
404:
141:
started to use verdugados with hoops in Spain. Joan had provoked much criticism as she allegedly wore dresses that displayed too much
240:
2037:
1412:
1397:
1379:
452:
184:
420:
2053:
379:
30:
936:
Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Accounts, MS Egerton 2806, lists the materials used for rolls made by the royal farthingale maker
367:
had her gowns altered in 1603 to suit English fashions, and employed Robert Hughes to make farthingales from 1603 to 1618.
3252:
3247:
3242:
3272:
2030:
1446:"The Case of the 'French Vardinggale': A Methodological Approach to Reconstructing and Understanding Ephemeral Garments"
459:
asked a Shrewsbury tailor to provide a French bodice with farthingale sleeves for his young daughter or cousin in 1594.
456:
224:
812:
163:
Farthingales remained a fixture of conservative Spanish court fashion into the early 17th century (as exemplified by
500:
Elizabeth's pin-maker or "pynner" was Robert Careles. He delivered recycled old farthingale pins and other pins to "
378:, it was said that women wearing farthingales were not admitted to crowded events to save space. The letter writer
2964:
2249:
535:
530:
525:
436:
holland cloth bented with whals bone and covered with riben." Another account from Jones, for the queen's dwarf
220:
and her ladies took up so much space that some women of her privy chamber had to sit on the rush-covered floor.
484:. A collection of Elizabethan costume remaining at Wollaton Hall was described in 1702 by the family historian
416:
394:
persisted throughout the rest of the seventeenth century. In Spain, the Spanish farthingales evolved into the
1939:
1367:
654:
286:(stiff canvas) is the most commonly mentioned material. Other references describe the rolls being starched.
153:
873:
3262:
2974:
1516:
463:
290:
595:
3082:
2779:
2522:
1687:
1212:
197:
1158:
1293:
Dora Davies-Evitt, 'Experts stunned by 'extremely rare' piece of clothing made by Queen Elizabeth I',
2994:
2357:
2084:
467:
437:
251:
1445:
2294:
1768:
1547:
1172:
444:
386:
149:
1244:
Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall
1228:
1103:
858:
3004:
2929:
2899:
2674:
2564:
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2011:
1996:
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348:
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2824:
2784:
2607:
2452:
2392:
2352:
2332:
2234:
2171:
2079:
1842:
1509:
1465:'Whalebone and the Wardrobe of Elizabeth I: Whaling and the Making of Aristocratic Fashions',
1423:
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138:
128:
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cost 4 shillings and 4 pence in October 1604 from Robert Dobson, a London tailor. In 1605,
259:
noted the use of baleen from the mouths of whales for women's "vertugalles" and "busques".
3267:
3223:
3195:
3190:
2681:
2517:
2507:
2492:
2337:
2304:
1778:
1773:
1677:
1560:
1117:
795:
516:
were made by Thomas Ardington. In 1631 his bill included 13,500 "middle vardingale pins".
513:
390:
364:
188:
1272:
Ninya Mikhaila, 'Borne Out with Whalebone: A Late Sixteenth-Century Farthingale Sleeve',
980:
3150:
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2006:
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2191:
1980:
1955:
1923:
1902:
1591:
1022:
625:
609:
475:
1390:
Patterns of Fashion: The Cut and Construction of Clothes for Men and Women 1560–1620
939:
2954:
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2696:
2599:
2547:
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1334:
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501:
38:. Pedro García de Benabarre, Salome from the St John Retable, Catalonia, 1470–1480.
2264:
1457:
1257:
Shaping Feminity: Foundation Garments, the Body, and Women in Early Modern England
1201:
Shaping Feminity: Foundation Garments, the Body, and Women in Early Modern England
1135:
Shaping Feminity: Foundation Garments, the Body, and Women in Early Modern England
343:
tilting it. Such an effect has been shown in many reconstructions of the garment.
1416:
400:
and remained an identifiable part of Spanish dress until the eighteenth century.
396:
239:
petticoat and her "vardingale" was made from buckram and covered with red cloth.
3200:
3077:
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62:
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908:
545:
352:
209:
120:
1281:
363:
Farthingales for Queen Elizabeth were made by specialist Robert Sibthorpe.
17:
115:; later designs in the temperate climate zone were stiffened with osiers (
3117:
3102:
3024:
2834:
2814:
2789:
2736:
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1596:
1571:
1532:
1215:
Transactions of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society
424:
79:
2726:
1647:
1005:
187:
asked for her clothes, including a farthingale to be sent to her in the
42:
3185:
3155:
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3057:
3042:
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996:
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Works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey and of Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder
509:
301:" making of thre rolles of hollande clothe with wyers bounde with reben
283:
213:
112:
87:
2022:
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3160:
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1743:
1667:
1480:
408:
75:
216:. At a dinner for French diplomats in May 1559, the farthingales of
208:
and became an essential element of Tudor fashion in England. Mary's
152:
is said to have brought the fashion into England on her marriage to
86:
in the desired shape and to enlarge the lower half of the body. The
46:
Tudor gown showing the line of the Spanish farthingale: portrait of
2154:
3107:
2924:
2839:
2542:
2430:
2319:
2276:
2139:
2129:
2109:
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1717:
1707:
1627:
1486:
116:
91:
83:
61:
53:
41:
1040:
Anna of Denmark: Material and Visual Culture of the Stuart Courts
195:
mentioned "trick ferdegews and billements of gold" in his comedy
2804:
2342:
2201:
2134:
2062:
Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings
307:
299:
2026:
1505:
1481:
Elizabethan Costuming, including information about farthingales
800:
Foreign Correspondence with Marie of Lorraine: Balcarres Papers
376:
wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Frederick V of the Palatinate
3180:
1551:
784:
Some account of St. Osyth's priory, Essex, and its inhabitants
134:("green wood", or the more modern meaning of "executioner").
82:- especially in the 16th and 17th centuries - to support the
1323:
Labors Lost: Women's Work and the Early Modern English Stage
1501:
267:
French farthingales originated in court circles in France.
66:
Silhouette of the 1590s: Elizabeth I, the Ditchley portrait
1350:
Caroline Hibbard, 'The Queen's Patronage', Erin Griffey,
711:
The Masters of the Revels and Elizabeth I's Court Theatre
594:(New York, 1979), 209: Thomas Astle & Francis Grose,
504:", a young Russian woman brought to Elizabeth's court by
956:, exhibition catalog (Metropolitan Museum of Art), 2001.
829:
Dolls of Mary Queen of Scots: Edinburgh Castle Research
443:
Such sleeves were worn by women outside court circles.
309:
making of a rolle of starched buckeram with whales bone
27:
Structure to support women's skirts in a desired shape
289:
Here are a couple of sample references to rolls from
3126:
3023:
2735:
2598:
2391:
2318:
2275:
2215:
2162:
2067:
1989:
1948:
1932:
1911:
1835:
1787:
1736:
1660:
1605:
1546:
1539:
1374:, The Hispanic Society of America, New York, 1979.
771:
The History and Antiquities of Hengrave, in Suffolk
698:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London
874:"Notes Extraites des Comptes de Jeanne D'Albret",
231:in 1548. In 1550, Margaret Willoughby, sister of
183:owned two red Bruges satin farthingales in 1547.
846:Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland: 1559-1566
74:is one of several structures used under Western
359:Anne of Denmark and the fashion of farthingales
212:Jane Russell was given a farthingale made from
34:Probably the earliest depiction of the Spanish
1091:Dudley Carleton to John Chamberlain, 1603-1624
2038:
1517:
1203:(London, 2022), pp. 113-4: TNA SP 46/49 f.55.
374:During celebrations in London in 1613 at the
330:French wheel farthingale or great farthingale
280:Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues
8:
661:, 2nd series, vol. 2 (London, 1827), p. 215.
497:silk skirts in place over the farthingale.
2045:
2031:
2023:
1543:
1524:
1510:
1502:
921:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
107:, from which "farthingale" derives, was a
1392:, Macmillan, 1985. Revised edition 1986.
1052:HMC 12th report part I, Earl Cowper, Coke
1004:
271:had a farthingale stiffened with rushes,
1407:, W. S. Maney and Son Ltd, Leeds, 1988.
1153:, vol. 1 (London, 1779), p. 575 quoting
1108:, vol. 15 (London, 1909), p. 80 no. 135.
1105:Calendar State Papers, Venice: 1617-1619
645:, vol. 1 (London, 1815), pp. cxvi–cxvii.
478:, were shown on the television program,
293:'s Wardrobe Accounts (MS Egerton 2806):
29:
715:Calendar State Papers Venice, 1558-1560
557:
914:
3258:History of clothing (Western fashion)
802:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1925), p. xxvii.
7:
1263:, vol. 19 (London, 1965), pp. 485-6.
1213:'A Shrewsbury Tradesman's Invoice',
953:Extreme Beauty: The Body Transformed
848:, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. 204.
814:La première jeunesse de Marie Stuart
204:Spanish farthingales were bought by
175:Farthingales in England and Scotland
1405:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
1339:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
1188:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
940:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Uploaded
891:Queen Elizabeth's wardrobe unlock'd
672:Dramatic Writings of Nicholas Udall
137:The earliest sources indicate that
979:Bendall, Sarah A (November 2019).
756:(London: HMS), 1911), pp. 401, 404
451:in Derbyshire (a granddaughter of
405:Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
25:
1309:HMC Manuscripts of Lord Middleton
1190:(Leeds, 1988), pp. 108, 146, 153.
1122:Elizabeth Stuart: Queen of Hearts
1078:Issues of Exchequer: Pell Records
876:Revue d'Aquitaine et des Pyrénées
754:HMC Manuscripts of Lord Middleton
185:Anne Seymour, Duchess of Somerset
3217:
2153:
1311:(London: HMS), 1911), pp. 572–73
967:Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
951:Illustration, from Harold Koda,
741:Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
730:(Port Washington, 1968), p. 260.
700:, vol. 3 (London, 1864), p. 105.
685:Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
630:Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
614:Dress at the Court of Henry VIII
508:. She had a farthingale made of
223:A chest of costume for drama at
1176:, vol. 14 (London, 1923), p. 47
171:of 17th-century Spanish dress.
1341:(Maney, 1988), pp. 107, 218-9.
1042:(Manchester, 2020), pp. 124-9.
119:), rope, or (from about 1580)
1:
2090:Court dress (Empire of Japan)
1458:10.1080/1362704X.2019.1603862
717:(London, 1890), p. 93 no. 77.
419:in Constantinople astonished
1325:(Philadelphia, 2011), p. 39.
1124:(Oxford, 2021), pp. 140-141.
403:Anne of Denmark's daughter,
167:), before evolving into the
58:French farthingales, c. 1580
1246:(Phillimore, 2012), p. 132.
1093:(Rutgers UP, 1972), p. 237.
1063:Elizabeth McClure Thomson,
860:Les Oeuvres d'Ambroise Paré
728:The school drama in England
592:Hispanic Costume, 1480–1530
579:Hispanic Costume, 1480–1530
566:Hispanic Costume, 1480–1530
3289:
2151:
1372:Hispanic Costume 1480–1530
1232:, 1 (London, 1887), p. 109
1217:(Shrewsbury, 1879), p. 401
308:
300:
111:originally stiffened with
3214:
2060:
1162:(London, 1650), pp. 546-7
1137:(London, 2022), pp. 40-2.
1067:(London, 1966), pp. 75-6.
225:King's College, Cambridge
1354:(Ashgate, 2008), p. 129.
1261:HMC 9 Salisbury Hatfield
1259:(London, 2022), p. 104:
831:(Edinburgh, 2018), p. 18
462:Farthingale sleeves for
278:Randle Cotgrave, in his
1940:List of lingerie brands
1494:Encyclopædia Britannica
1080:(London, 1836), p. 152.
1065:The Chamberlain Letters
786:(London, 1871), p. 110.
773:(London, 1822), p. 204.
713:(Oxford, 2016), p. 56:
599:, 2 (London, 1807), 288
590:Ruth Matilda Anderson,
577:Ruth Matilda Anderson,
564:Ruth Matilda Anderson,
263:French farthingale roll
154:Arthur, Prince of Wales
1497:(11th ed.). 1911.
1368:Anderson, Ruth Matilda
1282:10.3366/cost.2024.0284
1227:Alexander B. Grosart,
1174:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
1054:(London, 1888), p. 58.
969:(Maney, 2007), p. 165.
889:Arnold, Janet (1988).
743:(Maney, 2007), p. 162.
709:William Streitberger,
687:(Maney, 2007), p. 162.
674:(London, 1873), p. 40.
632:(Maney, 2007), p. 162.
616:(Maney, 2007), p. 162.
581:(New York, 1979), 208.
568:(New York, 1979), 208.
502:Ippolyta the Tartarian
464:Catherine Fenton Boyle
387:Leonora, Lady Bennet's
67:
59:
51:
39:
3083:Manchu platform shoes
1276:, 58.1 (2024), 2–20.
1160:Anthropometamorphosis
862:(Paris, 1628) p. 1056
816:(Paris, 1891), p. 289
597:Antiquarian Reportary
201:written around 1552.
198:Ralph Roister Doister
65:
57:
45:
33:
3253:17th-century fashion
3248:16th-century fashion
3243:15th-century fashion
2995:Stephane (headdress)
1469:, 11 (February 2022)
536:1600–1650 in fashion
531:1550–1600 in fashion
526:1500–1550 in fashion
486:Cassandra Willoughby
468:Catherine Tollemache
252:Mary, Queen of Scots
250:The French educated
3224:Clothing portal
2054:Historical clothing
1488:"Farthingale"
1431:Renaissance Studies
985:Renaissance Studies
878:, 11 (1867), p. 130
811:Alphonse de Ruble,
726:T. H. Vail Motter,
431:Farthingale sleeves
235:, was bought a red
165:Margaret of Austria
150:Catherine of Aragon
99:Spanish farthingale
2012:UK Lingerie Awards
1997:Corset controversy
1759:Foundation garment
1439:10.1111/rest.12537
1362:General references
1151:Desiderata Curiosa
997:10.1111/rest.12537
938:, see new website
842:James Balfour Paul
233:Francis Willoughby
68:
60:
52:
40:
3230:
3229:
3068:Episcopal sandals
2333:Close-bodied gown
2235:Sompot Chong Kben
2020:
2019:
1656:
1655:
1297:, 31 October 2022
1076:Frederick Devon,
900:978-1-909662-53-7
512:fabric. Pins for
506:Anthony Jenkinson
481:Antiques Roadshow
291:Queen Elizabeth I
206:Mary I of England
181:Elizabeth Holland
16:(Redirected from
3280:
3273:Women's clothing
3222:
3221:
3113:Tiger-head shoes
2383:Zaju chuishao fu
2268:
2157:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2024:
1703:Period underwear
1544:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1503:
1498:
1490:
1463:Bendall, Sarah,
1444:Bendall, Sarah,
1426:
1422:Bendall, Sarah,
1355:
1348:
1342:
1332:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1270:
1264:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1184:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1144:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1115:
1109:
1100:
1094:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1008:
976:
970:
963:
957:
948:
942:
933:
927:
926:
920:
912:
886:
880:
870:
864:
855:
849:
839:
833:
826:Michael Pearce,
824:
818:
809:
803:
793:
787:
780:
774:
764:
758:
750:
744:
737:
731:
724:
718:
707:
701:
694:
688:
681:
675:
668:
662:
659:Original Letters
652:
646:
639:
633:
623:
617:
607:
601:
588:
582:
575:
569:
562:
492:Farthingale pins
380:John Chamberlain
311:
310:
303:
302:
229:Bess of Hardwick
158:Greenwich Palace
139:Joan of Portugal
21:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3216:
3210:
3191:Perfumed gloves
3122:
3019:
2731:
2594:
2493:Mackinaw jacket
2387:
2314:
2271:
2262:
2211:
2158:
2149:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2021:
2016:
1985:
1944:
1928:
1907:
1831:
1783:
1732:
1678:French knickers
1652:
1601:
1535:
1530:
1485:
1477:
1452:, 23:3 (2019).
1424:
1403:Arnold, Janet:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1352:Henrietta Maria
1349:
1345:
1333:
1329:
1321:Natasha Korda,
1320:
1316:
1306:
1302:
1291:
1287:
1271:
1267:
1255:Sarah Bendall,
1254:
1250:
1242:Moira Coleman,
1241:
1237:
1226:
1222:
1211:
1207:
1199:Sarah Bendall,
1198:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1167:
1145:
1141:
1133:Sarah Bendall,
1132:
1128:
1118:Nadine Akkerman
1116:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1034:
1030:
978:
977:
973:
965:Maria Hayward,
964:
960:
949:
945:
934:
930:
913:
901:
888:
887:
883:
871:
867:
857:Ambroise Paré,
856:
852:
840:
836:
825:
821:
810:
806:
796:Marguerite Wood
794:
790:
781:
777:
765:
761:
751:
747:
739:Maria Hayward,
738:
734:
725:
721:
708:
704:
695:
691:
683:Maria Hayward,
682:
678:
669:
665:
653:
649:
640:
636:
624:
620:
608:
604:
589:
585:
576:
572:
563:
559:
554:
522:
514:Henrietta Maria
494:
457:William Maurice
445:Anne Williamson
433:
391:Piero Contarini
365:Anne of Denmark
361:
332:
269:Jeanne d'Albret
265:
189:Tower of London
177:
127:comes from the
101:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3286:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:Cravat (early)
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:Chinese styles
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2885:Matron's badge
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
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2777:
2772:
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2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
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2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2687:Liberty bodice
2684:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2503:Norfolk jacket
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2478:Inverness cape
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2416:Cardinal cloak
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Sack-back gown
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
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2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2257:
2252:
2250:Knickerbockers
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
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2166:
2160:
2159:
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2137:
2132:
2127:
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2112:
2107:
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2097:
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2087:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2007:Lingerie party
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1981:True & Co.
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1878:Liberty bodice
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1830:
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1645:
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1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1606:Other garments
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1556:
1554:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1483:
1476:
1475:External links
1473:
1472:
1471:
1461:
1450:Fashion Theory
1442:
1420:
1401:
1383:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1343:
1327:
1314:
1300:
1285:
1265:
1248:
1235:
1230:Lismore Papers
1220:
1205:
1192:
1186:Janet Arnold,
1179:
1165:
1139:
1126:
1110:
1095:
1082:
1069:
1056:
1044:
1028:
991:(5): 712–737.
971:
958:
943:
928:
899:
881:
872:Paul Raymond,
865:
850:
834:
819:
804:
788:
775:
759:
745:
732:
719:
702:
689:
676:
663:
647:
634:
618:
602:
583:
570:
556:
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550:
549:
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543:
538:
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528:
521:
518:
493:
490:
432:
429:
369:Robert Naunton
360:
357:
331:
328:
316:
315:
314:
313:
305:
264:
261:
193:Nicholas Udall
176:
173:
117:willow withies
100:
97:
90:originated in
48:Catherine Parr
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3285:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:Undergarments
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3225:
3220:
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3016:
3013:
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3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
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2941:
2938:
2936:
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2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:Motoring hood
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
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2856:
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2808:
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2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
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2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
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2758:
2756:
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2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2643:Waist cincher
2641:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
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2597:
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2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2436:Kinsale cloak
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
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2258:
2256:
2255:Pedal pushers
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:Peascod belly
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
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2165:
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2029:
2028:
2025:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
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1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:Bras N Things
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1924:Lingerie tape
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1903:Waist cincher
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
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1604:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:Underwire bra
1590:
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1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
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1478:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1433:, 33 (2019).
1432:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1413:0-901286-20-6
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1398:0-89676-083-9
1395:
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2745:Anthony Eden
2697:Open drawers
2669:
2548:Galway shawl
2363:Robe de cour
1867:
1797:Bodystocking
1587:Training bra
1559:
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1467:Apparence(s)
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103:The Spanish
102:
71:
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35:
3201:Shoe buckle
3128:Accessories
3078:Lotus shoes
2855:Jeongjagwan
2830:French hood
2780:Blessed hat
2702:Pantalettes
2670:Farthingale
2580:Ulster coat
2560:Smock-frock
2473:Houppelande
2263: [
2068:Body-length
2002:Bralessness
1912:Accessories
1888:Pantalettes
1868:Farthingale
1848:Boudoir cap
1693:Girl boxers
1661:Lower torso
1577:Nursing bra
1540:Upper torso
1417:2020 e-book
1155:John Bulwer
1036:Jemma Field
655:Henry Ellis
421:Ayşe Sultan
417:Peter Wyche
355:continued.
245:Mary Kitson
218:Elizabeth I
143:décolletage
123:. The name
72:farthingale
18:Fardegalijn
3237:Categories
3171:Lavallière
3088:Pampooties
2845:Gable hood
2722:Union suit
2717:Pettipants
2660:Hoop skirt
2590:Witzchoura
2260:Saragüells
2197:Poet shirt
2115:Justacorps
2105:Frock coat
1961:Cosmo Lady
1898:Pettipants
1873:Hoop skirt
1836:Historical
1812:Knee highs
1764:Nightshirt
1737:Full torso
1643:Torsolette
1582:Sports bra
893:. Leeds .
541:Hoop skirt
423:, wife of
353:crinolines
237:broadcloth
109:hoop skirt
3146:Cointoise
3141:Belt hook
3136:Ascot tie
3118:Turnshoes
3103:Poulaines
3063:Duckbills
3048:Carbatina
3010:Welsh Wig
2960:Printer's
2920:Mounteere
2910:Mooskappe
2870:Kokoshnik
2755:Arakhchin
2707:Petticoat
2692:Loincloth
2665:Crinoline
2600:Underwear
2538:Shadbelly
2508:Overfrock
2463:Greatcoat
2393:Outerwear
2358:Polonaise
2338:Debutante
2295:Safeguard
2085:Brunswick
1976:Journelle
1966:Figleaves
1893:Petticoat
1863:Crinoline
1817:Pantyhose
1713:Tap pants
1673:Boyshorts
1638:Nightgown
1023:165540329
1015:0269-1213
917:cite book
767:John Gage
552:Citations
546:Crinoline
407:, was in
210:chamberer
191:in 1551.
125:verdugado
121:whalebone
105:verdugado
36:verdugado
3098:Pigaches
3058:Chopines
3025:Footwear
2950:Phrygian
2930:Nightcap
2905:Monmouth
2835:Fontange
2815:Cornette
2810:Coonskin
2800:Cavalier
2790:Capotain
2737:Headwear
2712:Peignoir
2633:Corselet
2628:Codpiece
2618:Chausses
2468:Himation
2406:Car coat
2378:Tea gown
2240:Culottes
2230:Breeches
2217:Trousers
2207:Suea pat
2145:Xout lao
1822:Stocking
1807:Hold-ups
1769:Playsuit
1754:Corselet
1728:Bloomers
1722:G-string
1683:Fundoshi
1633:Negligee
1623:Camisole
1613:Babydoll
1597:Male bra
1572:Bralette
1533:Lingerie
909:21912234
520:See also
425:Murad IV
349:panniers
241:Margaret
80:clothing
78:women's
76:European
3186:Partlet
3156:Hairpin
3093:Pattens
3073:Hessian
3043:Caligae
3033:Buskins
3005:Taranga
2990:Smoking
2980:Salakot
2970:Qeleshe
2965:Pudding
2945:Petasos
2940:Pahlavi
2935:Ochipok
2890:Miner's
2880:Malahai
2875:Llawt'u
2795:Caubeen
2775:Bergère
2765:Aviator
2760:Attifet
2675:Pannier
2623:Chemise
2575:Surtout
2570:Surcoat
2565:Spencer
2528:Pelisse
2523:Pallium
2513:Pañuelo
2448:Doublet
2426:Chlamys
2421:Chamail
2320:Dresses
2225:Braccae
2187:Doublet
2177:Bedgown
2120:Paenula
1990:Related
1971:HerRoom
1919:Falsies
1883:Pannier
1858:Chemise
1789:Hosiery
1698:Panties
1618:Bustier
1567:Bandeau
1561:History
1274:Costume
510:mockado
438:Tomasen
284:Buckram
214:fustian
132:verdugo
129:Spanish
88:fashion
50:, 1545.
3268:Skirts
3206:Visard
3161:Hatpin
3038:Calcei
3015:Wimple
3000:Tainia
2955:Pileus
2900:Modius
2865:Kausia
2860:Jewish
2850:Hennin
2825:Fillet
2785:Bonnet
2770:Ba tầm
2655:Garter
2650:Dickey
2638:Corset
2613:Bustle
2608:Basque
2585:Visite
2533:Poncho
2498:Nadiri
2488:Kandys
2483:Jerkin
2458:Exomis
2453:Duster
2443:Dolman
2411:Caraco
2401:Capote
2373:Sailor
2353:Mantua
2348:Kirtle
2328:Bliaut
2300:Sompot
2290:Poodle
2285:Hobble
2277:Skirts
2182:Bodice
2172:Basque
2125:Peplos
2095:Chiton
2080:Banyan
2075:Abolla
1949:Retail
1933:Brands
1853:Bustle
1843:Basque
1827:Tights
1802:Garter
1749:Corset
1744:Bodice
1688:Girdle
1668:Bikini
1411:
1396:
1378:
1295:Tatler
1021:
1013:
907:
897:
409:Prague
351:) and
312:(1586)
304:(1585)
84:skirts
3166:Jabot
3108:Socci
2985:Snood
2925:Nemes
2840:Futou
2820:Dunce
2553:Kullu
2543:Shawl
2518:Palla
2431:Cloak
2310:Train
2267:]
2245:Harem
2140:Tunic
2130:Stola
2110:Hanfu
2100:Frock
1779:Teddy
1718:Thong
1708:Tanga
1628:Dudou
1548:Types
1019:S2CID
449:Wilne
92:Spain
3196:Ruff
3176:Muff
2975:Qing
2805:Coif
2750:Apex
2682:Hose
2343:Gown
2305:Sinh
2202:Sbai
2164:Tops
2135:Toga
1774:Slip
1552:bras
1409:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1011:ISSN
923:link
905:OCLC
895:ISBN
273:jonc
243:and
3181:Oes
2895:Mob
2727:Yếm
1648:Yếm
1550:of
1454:doi
1435:doi
1278:doi
1001:hdl
993:doi
447:of
3239::
2265:ca
1491:.
1448:,
1429:,
1415:.
1388::
1370::
1337:,
1157:,
1149:,
1120:,
1038:,
1017:.
1009:.
999:.
989:33
987:.
983:.
919:}}
915:{{
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1720:(
1525:e
1518:t
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1460:.
1456::
1441:.
1437::
1425:"
1419:.
1400:.
1382:.
1280::
1025:.
1003::
995::
925:)
911:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
