47:
624:
617:
564:(which was 6080 ft) or 6.08 feet (1.85 m). In practice the "warship fathom" of exactly 6 feet (1.8 m) was used in Britain and the United States. No conflict between the definitions existed in practice, since depths on imperial nautical charts were indicated in feet if less than 30 feet (9.1 m) and in fathoms for depths greater than that. Until the 19th century in England, the length of the fathom was more variable: from
616:
1551:
As opposed to drifting, a piece of fishing gear is considered set when it is anchored or attached to the bottom or shore so that it is not free to move about with water or wind currents. By contrast, a drift line or net has no such attachment to the bottom or shore and is therefore free to drift or
547:
announced their joint intent to retire the U.S. survey foot, with effect from the end of 2022. The fathom in U.S. Customary units is thereafter defined based on the
International 1959 foot, giving the length of the fathom as exactly 1.8288 metres in the United States as well.
1390:
The scale of a paper or raster chart is shown near the title, as are the units used for soundings (these are normally metres or fathoms, though occasionally they may be in feet). Make sure you take notice of this or you'll have some
665:, a notable focal bank of the South China Sea, with depths in whole fathoms only. The Hydrographic Office highlights hazardous depth shallows (shoals) with dashed lines. Click for broader map and to enable varied magnification.
935:. Miners also use it as a unit of area equal to 6 feet square (3.34 m) in the plane of a vein. In Britain, it can mean the quantity of wood in a pile of any length measuring 6 feet (1.8 m) square in cross section. In
1755:
210:(SI) unit, nor an internationally accepted non-SI unit. Historically it was the maritime measure of depth in the English-speaking world but, apart from within the US, charts now use metres.
1528:
1349:
1094:
631:
544:
1058:
817:
was a drag, towed under water at any depth up to about 40 fathoms (240 ft; 73 m), which upon striking bottom, was upset and rose to the surface.
1740:
1498:
By
Captain Karl B. Jeffers. Publication 20-2, Coast and Geodetic Survey, U. S. Department Of Commerce. Posted by the Hydrographic Society of America.
1383:
1228:
1665:
1353:
767:, used to form the main line of a setline, was usually provided in bundles of 300 fathoms. A single 50-fathom (300 ft; 91 m)
1219:
969:
689:, unmarked but estimated by the user. Water near the coast and not too deep to be fathomed by a hand sounding line was referred to as
328:
1469:
894:(where the body is weighted to force it to the bottom) requires a minimum of six fathoms of water. This is the origin of the phrase "
1702:
1649:
1613:
1257:
1510:
824:, one of the forged lengths of chain joined by shackles to form an anchor cable, was usually 15 fathoms (90 ft; 27 m).
845:
fathoms (75 ft; 22.9 m). In 1949, the
British navy redefined the shackle to be 15 fathoms (90 ft; 27 m).
578: feet on merchant vessels to either 5 or 7 feet (1.5 or 2.1 m) on fishing vessels (from 1.7 to 1.5 or 2.1 m).
364:
94:
1725:
312:
word "fadum", which has the same meaning and also means "yarn (originally stretching between the outstretched fingertips)".
1603:
1451:
1745:
1004:
999:
540:
199:
1491:
505:
1100:
732:, a usually sinuous line on a nautical chart, joins all points having the same depth of water, thereby indicating the
813:— a piece of cloth tied on a ship's log line some fathoms from the outboard end — marked the limit of drift line. A
697:. The area offshore beyond the 100 fathom line, too deep to be fathomed by a hand sounding line, was referred to as
916:
671:
791:
about 70 fathoms (420 ft; 130 m) long, and very deep in the middle, was used to take fish from a larger
1272:
46:
1750:
308:(via the Vikings) and means "embracing arms" or "pair of outstretched arms". It is maybe also cognate with the
959:") is still in use as an unofficial measure of land area, primarily for small lots suitable for construction.
1415:
912:
287:
31:
739:
Some extensive flat areas of the sea bottom with constant depth are known by their fathom number, like the
623:
1534:
207:
1306:
301:
637:
1579:
599:, based on the length of a ship's cable, has been variously reckoned as equal to 100 or 120 fathoms.
294:
225:, the size of a fathom has varied slightly depending on whether it was defined as a thousandth of an
187:
908:
103:
1669:
1439:
1719:
1698:
1645:
1609:
1379:
1253:
1224:
557:
1442:
SandyBay.net - Marine
Directory (MarineWaypoints.com) and Reference Directory (StarDots.com).
360:
260:
1402:
1514:
1495:
1473:
1090:
974:
740:
716:
for measuring mechanically the depth of water beneath a ship, one version of which is the
378:
309:
1463:
1376:
The complete yachtmaster: sailing, seamanship and navigation for the modern yacht skipper
1284:
1507:
994:
936:
932:
675:
529:
448:
336:
203:
99:
1052:
956:
1734:
1638:
1047:
1009:
984:
891:
866:
792:
713:
682:
561:
509:
472:
226:
218:
195:
1188:
709:, the heaviest of sounding leads, was used in water exceeding 100 fathoms in depth.
1452:
The new way and the old; how the sounding machine has superseded the deep sea lead.
1114:
879:
744:
733:
595:
525:
391:
233:. Formerly, the term was used for any of several units of length varying around 5–
1467:, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Coast Survey.
775:. Especially in Pacific coast fisheries the setline was composed of units called
903:
521:
489:
154:
60:
1139:
1546:
979:
927:
Until early in the 20th century, it was the unit used to measure the depth of
536:. In 1959 United States kept the US survey foot as definition for the fathom.
52:
1485:
768:
652:
639:
748:
513:
780:
415:
222:
1062:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 201.
1565:
Dept. of the Army
Technical Bulletin TB 43-0144: Painting of Watercraft
1339:
Nautical chart of the
Macclesfield Bank by the Hydrographic Office 1920
1019:
952:
940:
849:
806:
803:
760:
165:
17:
1168:
948:
928:
517:
495:
191:
114:
685:
containing fathom points, some marked and others in between, called
670:
Most modern nautical charts indicate depth in metres. However, the
1668:. U.K. Mine and Quarry Information and Exploration. Archived from
1014:
944:
533:
532:
defined the length of the international yard to be exactly 0.9144
441:
174:
779:, each consisting of several hundred fathoms of groundline, with
447:
1.828804 m (Obsolete measurement of the fathom based on the
1249:
989:
455:
230:
214:
1405:
By James
Mathews. Navy & Marine Living History Association.
1152:
72:
30:
This article is about the unit of length. For other uses, see
1051:
405:
395:
368:
340:
202:
systems equal to 6 feet (1.8288 m), used especially for
1726:
Hungarian web page that refers to the length of a "bécsi öl"
943:
was the corresponding unit of comparable length, as was the
275:
272:
359:"outstretched") is usually translated as "fathom". By the
678:
will always explicitly indicate the units of depth used.
444:
exactly (Official international definition of the fathom)
269:
221:) in an imperial fathom. Originally the span of a man's
1636:
Hirsch Jr, E.D.; Kett, Joseph F.; Trefi, James (2002).
1196:
Digital
Humanities: Diophant Ancient Measures Converter
681:
To measure the depth of shallow waters, boatmen used a
1567:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1990. pp. D-2.
451:, only for use of historical and legacy applications)
266:
1285:"NGS and NIST to Retire U.S. Survey Foot after 2022"
1273:
NIST Guide to the SI, Appendix B: Conversion
Factors
55:: the metal rods are (from left to right) a fathom (
1756:
Customary units of measurement in the United States
1307:"U.S. Survey Foot: Revised Unit Conversion Factors"
809:was about 150 fathoms (900 ft; 270 m). A
720:(trademark). The record made by such a device is a
278:
263:
161:
142:
120:
110:
93:
88:
39:
1637:
1099:. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. Archived from
377:) roughly equivalent to the old Greek fathom (6
1223:, Oxford University Press, pp. 1532–1533,
1720:An explanation of the fathom marks used at sea
1042:
1040:
545:National Institute of Standards and Technology
1530:Drift and set line fishing gear in California
1217:Schilbach, E.; et al. (1991), "Orgyia",
8:
1695:A Dictionary of Weights, Measures, and Units
763:were measured in fathoms. The rope called a
712:This technique has been superseded by sonic
1476:May 2008. In chapter 7, Glossary, page 252.
1287:. National Geodetic Survey. 31 October 2019
759:The components of a commercial fisherman's
414:) that was one-eighth longer (6 feet and a
622:
560:defined a fathom to be a thousandth of an
45:
36:
1608:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1454:The New York Times, June 6, 1892, page 5.
1416:"Burney: "Vocabulary of Sea Terms", 1876"
1440:MarineWaypoints.com - Nautical Glossary.
1326:
1324:
1640:The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy
1602:Jerrard, H. G.; McNeill, D. B. (1986).
1036:
901:The phrase is echoed in Shakespeare's
898:as meaning to discard, or dispose of.
831:, a length of cable or chain equal to
367:came in two forms: a "simple orguia" (
1158:in the dictionary dwds.de (in German)
1073:
1071:
1069:
7:
1537:: California State Printing Office
1220:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
970:Ancient Greek units of measurement
771:of this rope was referred to as a
25:
1527:Scofield, William Launce (1947).
634:Excerpt of a 1920 map centred at
351:
229:or as a multiple of the imperial
124:
1741:Human-based units of measurement
1693:Fenna, Donald (2002). "fathom".
1644:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
1605:A Dictionary of Scientific Units
1517:Page 763. I'd Rather Be Sailing.
615:
259:
1378:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 114.
590:meant one-quarter of a fathom.
500:1 metre is about 0.5468 fathoms
1508:Glossary of Marine Navigation.
1246:Admiralty Manual of Seamanship
1:
1093:(1898). Thomas Toller (ed.).
1005:United States customary units
1000:International System of Units
541:U.S. National Geodetic Survey
419:
382:
1697:. Oxford: University Press.
1187:Loizos, Demetris I. (2010),
1153:Definition and etymology of
931:(mineral extraction) in the
506:international yard and pound
204:measuring the depth of water
206:. The fathom is neither an
1772:
406:
396:
369:
341:
29:
1581:Oxford English Dictionary
1096:An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
1078:Oxford English Dictionary
674:uses feet and fathoms. A
436:One fathom is equal to:
404:) or "geometric orguia" (
227:(Admiralty) nautical mile
138:
44:
856:) is occasionally used:
672:U.S. Hydrographic Office
1552:move with any currents.
1465:Field Procedures Manual
1309:. NIST. 16 October 2019
1119:www.merriam-webster.com
1080:, second edition, 1989;
1059:Encyclopædia Britannica
247:feet (1.5–1.7 m).
32:Fathom (disambiguation)
1722:(retrieved Sept 2005).
1666:"Mining Encyclopaedia"
1535:Sacramento, California
1374:Cunliffe, Tom (2017).
1252:. 1995. p. 1·19.
1115:"Definition of FATHOM"
783:and hooks attached. A
562:imperial nautical mile
508:agreement of 1959 the
208:international standard
146:imperial/US units
539:In October 2019, the
394:) and an "imperial" (
329:Ancient Greek measure
304:with the Danish word
257:The term (pronounced
1746:Nautical terminology
1189:"Byzantine Measures"
955:the square fathom ("
736:of the ocean floor.
432:International fathom
1578:"Shackle n.1, 9.".
1487:Hydrographic Manual
1330:Fenna (2000: 88-89)
649: /
475:(1 foot is exactly
458:(1 yard is exactly
133:... is equal to ...
89:General information
1513:2008-12-18 at the
1494:2008-07-04 at the
1472:2017-07-03 at the
1420:www.bruzelius.info
919:thy father lies".
171:
166:SI unit equivalent
163:
150:
144:
51:Standard units in
1385:978-1-4729-4343-9
1230:978-0-19-504652-6
603:Use of the fathom
558:British Admiralty
412:geōmetrikē orguiá
407:γεωμετρικὴ ὀργυιά
355:
223:outstretched arms
180:
179:
121:Conversions
16:(Redirected from
1763:
1708:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1643:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1524:
1518:
1505:
1499:
1483:
1477:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1352:. Archived from
1346:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1281:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1244:"Sea measures".
1241:
1235:
1233:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1193:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1140:"Zoekresultaten"
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1091:Bosworth, Joseph
1087:
1081:
1075:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1044:
917:Full fathom five
878:
877:
873:
865:
864:
860:
844:
843:
839:
836:
699:out of soundings
664:
663:
661:
660:
659:
654:
650:
647:
646:
645:
642:
626:
619:
577:
576:
572:
569:
484:
483:
479:
467:
466:
462:
427:
424:
421:
409:
408:
399:
398:
390:
387:
384:
372:
371:
361:Byzantine period
358:
353:
350:
344:
343:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
246:
245:
241:
238:
172:
164:
157:
151:
145:
79:, Modern German
67:, Modern German
49:
37:
21:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1751:Units of length
1731:
1730:
1716:
1705:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1540:
1538:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1515:Wayback Machine
1506:
1502:
1496:Wayback Machine
1484:
1480:
1474:Wayback Machine
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1067:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
975:Anthropic units
965:
925:
888:
875:
871:
870:
862:
858:
857:
841:
837:
834:
832:
757:
741:Broad Fourteens
668:
667:
666:
657:
655:
651:
648:
643:
640:
638:
636:
635:
633:
628:
627:
620:
610:
605:
586:At one time, a
584:
574:
570:
567:
565:
554:
481:
477:
476:
464:
460:
459:
434:
425:
422:
388:
385:
356:
325:
323:Ancient fathoms
318:
310:Old High German
286:) derives (via
262:
258:
255:
243:
239:
236:
234:
170:
162:
152:
149:
143:
84:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1769:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1714:External links
1712:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1657:
1650:
1628:
1614:
1594:
1570:
1556:
1519:
1500:
1478:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1407:
1403:Sounding lead.
1395:
1384:
1366:
1341:
1332:
1320:
1298:
1276:
1265:
1258:
1236:
1229:
1209:
1198:, pp. 1–2
1179:
1169:"3712. orguia"
1160:
1145:
1131:
1106:
1103:on 2007-03-14.
1082:
1065:
1053:"Fathom"
1050:, ed. (1911).
1048:Chisholm, Hugh
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:Imperial units
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
966:
964:
961:
937:Central Europe
933:United Kingdom
924:
921:
887:
884:
802:attached to a
756:
753:
747:, both in the
676:nautical chart
630:
629:
621:
614:
613:
612:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
583:
580:
553:
552:British fathom
550:
530:United Kingdom
502:
501:
498:
492:
486:
469:
452:
449:US survey foot
445:
433:
430:
379:Byzantine feet
324:
321:
317:
314:
288:Middle English
254:
251:
213:There are two
200:U.S. customary
178:
177:
168:
159:
158:
147:
140:
139:
136:
135:
130:
126:1 fathom
123:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
97:
91:
90:
86:
85:
50:
42:
41:
27:Unit of length
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1768:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1704:0-19-860522-6
1700:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1672:on 2006-05-15
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1651:0-618-22647-8
1647:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1629:
1617:
1615:9789400941113
1611:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1595:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1367:
1356:on 2011-10-03
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1259:0-11-772696-6
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1210:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1010:Sounding line
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
985:English units
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
962:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
922:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:
899:
897:
893:
892:burial at sea
885:
883:
881:
868:
867:nautical mile
855:
851:
846:
830:
825:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
805:
801:
796:
794:
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746:
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714:depth finders
710:
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707:deep-sea lead
704:
703:off soundings
700:
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683:sounding line
679:
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589:
582:Derived units
581:
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510:United States
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331:known as the
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1694:
1687:Bibliography
1674:. Retrieved
1670:the original
1660:
1639:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1604:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1580:
1573:
1564:
1559:
1550:
1545:– via
1539:. Retrieved
1529:
1522:
1503:
1486:
1481:
1464:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:. Retrieved
1419:
1410:
1398:
1389:
1375:
1369:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:the original
1350:"NOAA Chart"
1344:
1335:
1311:. Retrieved
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1279:
1268:
1245:
1239:
1218:
1212:
1200:, retrieved
1195:
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1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1118:
1109:
1101:the original
1095:
1085:
1077:
1057:
926:
902:
900:
896:to deep six"
895:
889:
880:cable length
853:
847:
828:
826:
821:
819:
814:
810:
799:
797:
788:
784:
776:
772:
764:
758:
745:Long Forties
738:
730:fathom curve
729:
725:
721:
717:
711:
706:
702:
698:
695:on soundings
694:
691:in soundings
690:
686:
680:
669:
653:16°N 114.5°E
596:cable length
594:
592:
587:
585:
555:
538:
526:South Africa
503:
435:
411:
401:
375:haplē orguiá
374:
346:
332:
326:
319:
305:
297:
290:
256:
249:
212:
183:
181:
173:1.8288
132:
127:
111:Unit of
80:
76:
71:"shoe") and
68:
64:
56:
1587:23 February
904:The Tempest
755:Line length
726:fathom line
656: /
608:Water depth
522:New Zealand
423: 2.10
386: 1.87
370:ἁπλὴ ὀργυιά
300:, which is
295:Old English
293:) from the
106: units
95:Unit system
1735:Categories
1676:2007-05-28
1547:Calisphere
1391:surprises.
1360:2008-05-22
1027:References
980:Bathymetry
957:négyszögöl
811:forerunner
785:tuck seine
765:groundline
718:Fathometer
528:, and the
53:Regensburg
1173:Bible Hub
1032:Citations
913:Ferdinand
749:North Sea
722:fathogram
658:16; 114.5
514:Australia
253:Etymology
1511:Archived
1492:Archived
1470:Archived
1425:21 March
1124:21 March
963:See also
907:, where
852:fathom (
789:tuck net
781:gangions
644:114°30′E
543:and the
402:basilikē
397:βασιλικὴ
198:and the
196:imperial
100:imperial
1621:3 March
1313:4 March
1291:4 March
1202:6 April
1020:Klafter
953:Hungary
941:klafter
923:On land
874:⁄
861:⁄
850:Finnish
840:⁄
829:shackle
807:harpoon
804:whaling
761:setline
743:or the
734:contour
641:16°00′N
588:quarter
573:⁄
504:In the
485:fathom)
480:⁄
468:fathom)
463:⁄
440:1.8288
363:, this
302:cognate
242:⁄
194:in the
153:6
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18:Fathoms
1701:
1648:
1612:
1541:18 May
1382:
1256:
1227:
1175:, 2016
949:France
939:, the
911:tells
886:Burial
777:skates
518:Canada
496:inches
442:metres
426:
389:
357:
347:orgyiá
342:ὀργυιά
333:orguia
291:fathme
192:length
184:fathom
128:in ...
115:length
65:schuch
40:fathom
1192:(PDF)
1155:Faden
1015:Toise
951:. In
945:toise
929:mines
909:Ariel
793:seine
769:skein
687:deeps
534:metre
490:hands
456:yards
337:Greek
316:Forms
215:yards
186:is a
69:Schuh
1699:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1623:2015
1610:ISBN
1589:2015
1543:2017
1427:2018
1380:ISBN
1315:2020
1293:2020
1254:ISBN
1250:HMSO
1225:ISBN
1204:2015
1126:2018
990:Hvat
863:1000
854:syli
848:The
822:shot
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800:line
773:line
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556:The
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428:m).
416:span
365:unit
327:The
306:favn
298:fæðm
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188:unit
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