395:
352:
312:
453:
602:
570:
38:
584:
4546:
390:
When
Antoninus died on 7 March 161, Marcus and Lucius Verus ascended to the throne and became co-rulers. Faustina then became empress. Following the birth of her first child in 147, Faustina obtained the title of Augusta granted to her by the Senate, before her husband Marcus Aurelius became Augustus
338:
was
Hadrian's first adopted son and his intended heir; however, when Verus' father died, Hadrian chose Faustina's father to be his second adopted son, and eventually, he became Hadrian's successor. Faustina's father ended the engagement between his daughter and Verus and arranged for Faustina's
486:
after the erroneous news of Marcus's death; the sources indicate
Cassius was encouraged by Marcus' wife Faustina, who was concerned about her husband's failing health, believing him to be on the verge of death, and felt the need for Cassius to act as a protector in this event, since her son
363:
In April or May 145, Faustina and Marcus
Aurelius were married, as had been planned since 138. Since Aurelius was, by adoption, Antoninus Pius' son, under Roman law he was marrying his sister; Antoninus would have had to formally release one or the other from his paternal authority (his
535:). The causes of her death are of speculation of scholars and range from death from natural causes, suicide, an accident, or even possibly assassination in retaliation for her alleged affair with Cassius earlier that year, depending on the source.
4500:
Faustina minor – Ehefrau eines
Idealkaisers und Mutter eines Tyrannen quellenkritische Untersuchungen zum dynastischen Potential, zur Darstellung und zu Handlungsspielräumen von Kaiserfrauen im Prinzipat
620:
In their thirty years of marriage, Faustina and Marcus
Aurelius had at least fourteen children, including two sets of twins. Only six of them survived to adulthood, five daughters and the son
4241:
370:) for the ceremony to take place. Little is specifically known of the ceremony, but it is said to have been "noteworthy". Coins were issued with the heads of the couple, and Antoninus, as
755:
319:
Faustina, named after her mother, was her parents' fourth and youngest child and second daughter; she was also their only child to survive to adulthood. She was born and raised in
4528:
4033:
1931:
376:, would have officiated. Marcus makes no apparent reference to the marriage in his surviving letters, and only sparing references to Faustina. Faustina was given the title of
444:
or 'Mother of the Camp'. She attempted to make her home out of an army camp. Between 170 and 175, she was in the north, and in 175, she accompanied
Aurelius to the east.
2169:
4569:
5611:
748:
440:
Faustina accompanied her husband on various military campaigns and enjoyed the excessive love and reverence of Roman soldiers. Aurelius gave her the title of
4574:
4554:
2512:
4661:
505:, supports the idea that Marcus was indeed quite ill, but by the time Marcus recovered, Cassius was already fully acclaimed by the Egyptian legions of
5443:
4698:
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741:
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394:
351:
5519:
5485:
5327:
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437:
mentions adultery with sailors, gladiators, and men of rank; however, Faustina and
Aurelius seem to have been very close and mutually devoted.
520:; his head was sent to Marcus Aurelius, who refused to see it and ordered it buried. Egypt recognized Marcus as emperor again by 28 July 175.
4707:
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52:
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700:
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1251:
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691:
542:, with her statue placed in the Temple of Venus in Rome and a temple dedicated to her in her honor. Halala's name was changed to
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687:
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311:
178:
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1099:
661:
170:
3649:
Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree.
627:
Faustina's role as a mother was glorified, and with the birth of her daughter
Fadilla, coins were issued portraying her as
419:
Not much has survived from the Roman sources regarding
Faustina's life, but what is available does not give a good report.
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492:
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232:
3137:
885:
710:
523:
The facts concerning the death of Faustina are not definite. She died in the winter of 175 at the military camp in
429:
accuse Faustina of ordering deaths by poison and execution; she has also been accused of instigating the revolt of
186:
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1057:
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as 16 February (14 days before the kalends of March). The text could refer to either Faustina II, who married
5356:
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1527:
412:
491:, aged 13, was still young. She also wanted someone who would act as a counter-weight to the claims of
120:
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335:
190:
3903:) gives the story that Faustina the Elder promised to marry Avidius Cassius. This is also echoed in
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It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman.
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Aurelius grieved much for his wife and buried her in the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome. She was
37:
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703:(Commodus) (161–192), twin brother of Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus, later emperor, married
153:
697:
Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus (161–165), elder twin brother of Commodus, died in childhood;
5570:
indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
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dashed lines indicate adoption; dotted lines indicate love affairs/unmarried relationships
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516:"After a dream of empire lasting three months and six days", Cassius was murdered by a
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283:
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3955:"De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families"
3592:
2874:
1747:
878:
544:
524:
483:
271:
105:
4874:
4786:
4455:. Roman Imperial Biographies. London and New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
3535:
2855:
1779:
651:
331:
315:
Marble statue of Faustina the Younger (165 AD) – Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome.
4450:
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Titus Aelius Aurelius (born and died in 149), twin of Antoninus, died in infancy;
641:
Titus Aelius Antoninus (born and died in 149), twin of Aurelius, died in infancy;
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Tiberius Aelius Antoninus (born in 152, died before 156), died in childhood;
517:
4491:
Les vies de 12 femmes d'empereur romain – Devoirs, Intrigues & Voluptés
4653:
4489:
Minaud, Gérard (2012). "Ch. 8, La vie de Faustine, femme de Marc-Aurèle".
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on 1 December 147 after the birth of her first child, Domitia Faustina.
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of October). However, this could be either Faustina II or her mother
1259:
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in the event of Marcus's death. The evidence, including Marcus's own
471:
399:
298:('Mother of the Camp') and was given divine honours after her death.
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1078:
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3972:. Translated by R. Ross Holloway. Milan: Edizioni Arte e Moneta.
3954:
575:
Sestertius celebrating the birth of Commodus and his twin brother
4407:
Faustina the Younger : coinage, portraits, and public image
4242:"Before Barbie: Why Girls Played With Dolls in the Roman Empire"
589:
Marble statue of Faustina's daughter and joint empress Lucilla,
320:
85:
4680:
4502:. TĂĽbinger althistorische Studien, 6. Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt.
403:
of Antoninus Pius, struck at the Rome mint, dated c. 147–152.
4610:"Roman Empire: Faustina Junior (II) (Annia Galeria Faustina)"
290:. She was held in high esteem by soldiers and her husband as
4646:"Huge Roman Bronze Sestertius of Diva Faustina Coin Pebdant"
548:
and Aurelius opened charity schools for orphan girls called
3613: bluish-purple indicates emperors of other dynasties
4326:
4324:
4311:
4309:
4281:
4279:
3970:
Women of the Caesars: Their Lives and Portraits on Coins
462:
of Marcus Aurelius, struck at the Rome mint, dated 175.
4296:
4294:
4118:
as 20–22 September (between 10 and 12 days before the
4067:, p. 170, gives the year of her birth as 130–132.
4529:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
4034:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
495:, who was in a strong position to take the office of
330:, had arranged with her father for Faustina to marry
3607: grey indicates unsuccessful imperial aspirants
334:. On 25 February 138, she and Verus were betrothed.
5528:
5157:
5078:
5026:
4913:
4857:
4715:
4472:
Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age
4011:
Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age
3791:
Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163.
674:
Unknown child (died before 158), died in childhood;
248:
238:
226:
210:
200:
152:
127:
115:
95:
76:
72:
58:
51:
21:
4578:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 213.
4493:(in French). Paris: L'Harmattan. pp. 189–210.
3989:Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous
3743:Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161.
3689:Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161.
552:or 'Girls of Faustina'. The Baths of Faustina in
3921:Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164.
3659:Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p. 7.
3863:Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10.
4126:. A Roman inscription records the birthday of
3872:Wife of M. Annius Libo: Levick (2014), p. 163.
3711:
3709:
3707:
638:Domitia Faustina (147–151), died in childhood;
4692:
4379:. Routledge. pp. 103–108, 114, 206–208.
749:
339:betrothal to her biological maternal cousin,
282:. Faustina was the youngest child of emperor
274:from 161 to her death as the wife of emperor
8:
5566:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
4235:
4233:
3778:Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p. 99 and
3782:; deification: Lamber (1984), pp. 2–5, etc.
343:; Aurelius was also adopted by her father.
5023:
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4685:
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756:
742:
734:
18:
4409:. New York: American Numismatic Society.
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650:(150–182), married her father's co-ruler
3730:
3728:
3718:contributor (Herbert W. Benario, 2000),
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478:That same year, 175, Aurelius's general
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326:Her second cousin three times removed,
159:
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4200:
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197:
4666:The Collaborative Numismatics Project
4368:
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4300:
4260:"Collections Online | British Museum"
4240:Madenholm, Terry (14 December 2021).
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7:
682:Marcus Peducaeus Plautius Quintillus
218:Annia Galeria Faustina Augusta Minor
448:Revolt of Avidius Cassius and death
701:Lucius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus
261:Annia Galeria Faustina the Younger
14:
5612:Burials at the Castel Sant'Angelo
4373:Birley, Anthony R. (2012-12-06).
722:(170 – died before 217), married
357:Archaeological Museum of Istanbul
4544:
4519:xix.1–9, xxvi.4–5, 7–9, xxix.1–3
692:Marcus Petronius Sura Mamertinus
658:, had issue from both marriages;
600:
582:
568:
466:: Bust of Faustina the Younger.
407:: Bust of Faustina the Younger.
36:
3899:The epitomator of Cassius Dio (
3591: Reddish-purple indicates
3552:
3116:
2862:
2819:
2552:
1794:
1266:
1085:
1040:
688:Annia Cornificia Faustina Minor
355:Bust of Marcus Aurelius in the
142:
5632:Ancient Roman women in warfare
4592:. 28 July 2013. Archived from
662:Annia Galeria Aurelia Faustina
1:
5574:incidates an empress regnant.
4508:Scriptores Historiae Augustae
3595:of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty
3364:C. Furius Sabinus Timesitheus
713:(162–169), died in childhood;
648:Annia Aurelia Galeria Lucilla
264:
100:
80:
43:
5404:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
4452:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
4429:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
4376:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
656:Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus
493:Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus
206:Annia Galeria Faustina Minor
5642:Daughters of Roman emperors
5617:2nd-century Roman empresses
4474:. Oxford University Press.
4013:. Oxford University Press.
1107:Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus
716:Hadrianus, died in infancy;
634:Their known children were:
5665:
4498:Priwitzer, Stefan (2008).
764:Nerva–Antonine family tree
731:Nerva–Antonine family tree
711:Marcus Annius Verus Caesar
5647:Mothers of Roman emperors
5561:
5439:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
4940:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
4614:www.forumancientcoins.com
4405:Beckmann, Martin (2021).
4344:"Life of Marcus Aurelius"
4132:Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
4128:Faustinae uxoris Antonini
3987:Lambert, Royston (1984).
3968:Giacosa, Giorgio (1977).
3563:
3561:
3541:
3539:
3536:Furia Sabina Tranquillina
3472:
3468:
3466:
3456:
3386:
3384:
3374:
3340:
3333:
3331:L. Aurelius Agaclytus (2)
3315:
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3241:
3239:
3227:
3225:
3209:
3207:
3187:
3174:
3158:
3149:
3134:
3125:
3123:
3098:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3015:
2995:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2907:
2901:
2892:
2878:
2871:
2837:
2828:
2826:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2541:
2525:
2509:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2488:
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2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
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2460:
2458:
2456:
2448:
2446:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2329:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2259:
2257:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2028:
2026:
2014:
2012:
2000:
1996:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1953:
1935:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1848:
1846:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1801:
1784:
1753:
1751:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1717:L. Julius Ursus Servianus
1713:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1503:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1469:
1467:
1455:
1453:
1441:
1439:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1375:
1373:
1361:
1359:
1345:
1313:
1296:
1282:
1273:
1248:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1134:
1132:
1103:
1061:
1047:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1003:
1001:
989:
987:
975:
973:
965:
961:
955:
920:
918:
909:
900:
898:
889:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
843:
841:
839:
831:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
787:
783:
781:
779:
433:against her husband. The
217:
205:
196:
179:Cornificia Faustina minor
35:
26:
4470:Levick, Barbara (2014).
4114:records the birthday of
3623:= posthumously deified (
2513:Calvisia Domitia Lucilla
879:Q. Marcius Barea Soranus
5622:Deified Roman empresses
5357:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
4963:Flavia Julia Constantia
4575:Encyclopædia Britannica
4570:Faustina, Annia Galeria
3145:Ti. Claudius Pompeianus
2271:L. Caesennius Antoninus
724:Lucius Antistius Burrus
690:(born in 160), married
680:(born in 159), married
666:Gnaeus Claudius Severus
664:(born in 151), married
5602:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
4880:Marcia Otacilia Severa
4662:"Faustina The Younger"
4560:Encyclopedia Americana
3935:Levick (2014), p. 117.
3890:Giacosa (1977), p. 10.
3854:Levick (2014), p. 164.
3832:Levick (2014), p. 162.
3807:Levick (2014), p. 163.
3680:Levick (2014), p. 161.
3378:Junius Licinius Balbus
3172:Junius Licinius Balbus
3166:M. Plautius Quintillus
3138:M. Annius Verus Caesar
2097:C. Fuscus Salinator II
1909:Julia Serviana Paulina
475:
416:
360:
316:
270:AD, – 175/176 AD) was
5444:Theodora Palaiologina
5414:Anna Komnene Angelina
5352:Catherine of Bulgaria
5283:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
4752:Agrippina the Younger
4650:www.johnbmcnamara.com
4626:"DIR Marcus Aurelius"
4549:Texts on Wikisource:
4264:www.britishmuseum.org
4091:Inscriptiones Italiae
3953:contributors (2000).
3734:Giacosa (1977), p. 9.
3701:Giacosa (1977), p. 7.
3668:Giacosa (1977), p. 8.
1903:C. Fuscus Salinator I
886:Q. Marcius Barea Sura
678:Annia Aurelia Fadilla
591:Bardo National Museum
556:are named after her.
455:
397:
354:
314:
5515:Sophia of Montferrat
5434:Anna of Hohenstaufen
5293:Theophano Martinakia
5201:Theodora of Khazaria
4834:Julia Cornelia Paula
4797:Faustina the Younger
3991:. New York: Viking.
3910:"Marcus Aurelius" 24
2144:L. Caesennius Paetus
2087:L. Ceionius Commodus
1957:Cn. Arrius Antoninus
1252:C. Salonius Matidius
720:Vibia Aurelia Sabina
608:Commodus as Hercules
550:Puellae Faustinianae
121:Mausoleum of Hadrian
22:Faustina the Younger
5493:Keratsa of Bulgaria
5476:Helena Kantakouzene
5456:Irene of Montferrat
5419:Philippa of Armenia
5399:Margaret of Hungary
5251:Theophano of Athens
5070:Julius Nepos's wife
4885:Herennia Etruscilla
4708:Roman and Byzantine
4656:on 9 December 2006.
4563:. 1920. p. 68.
4227:, pp. 63, 170.
3351:Plautius Quintillus
3344:L. Antistius Burrus
3326:Petronius Antoninus
2889:Q. Servilius Pudens
2882:Plautius Quintillus
2333:C. Avidius Nigrinus
1509:Libo Rupilius Frugi
1286:P. Acilius Attianus
927:P. Aelius Hadrianus
423:and the unreliable
280:her maternal cousin
5520:Maria of Trebizond
5486:Irene Palaiologina
5466:Irene of Brunswick
5424:Maria of Courtenay
5384:Bertha of Sulzbach
4792:Faustina the Elder
4767:Statilia Messalina
4620:on 5 January 2007.
4513:Julius Capitolinus
4425:Birley, Anthony R.
3754:"Julius Servianus"
2841:C. Avidius Cassius
2170:T. Aurelius Fulvus
612:Capitoline Museums
560:Marriage and issue
476:
417:
361:
317:
288:Faustina the Elder
253:Faustina the Elder
5579:
5578:
5548:Byzantine emperor
5377:Dobrodeia of Kiev
5153:
5152:
4957:Valeria Maximilla
4895:Cornelia Salonina
4849:Sallustia Orbiana
4632:. 30 January 2001
4386:978-1-134-69569-0
4178:, pp. 90–91.
4044:
4043:
4020:978-0-19-537941-9
3640:
3639:
3567:
3566:
3102:M. Petronius Sura
1528:L. Vibius Sabinus
907:M. Cocceius Nerva
507:II Traiana Fortis
258:
257:
222:
221:
62:7 March 161 – 175
5654:
5498:Irene Gattilusio
5409:Eudokia Angelina
5389:Maria of Antioch
5372:Irene of Hungary
5308:Zoe Karbonopsina
5288:Eudokia Ingerina
5161:Byzantine Empire
5024:
4869:Caecilia Paulina
4827:Fulvia Plautilla
4817:Manlia Scantilla
4807:Bruttia Crispina
4742:Milonia Caesonia
4701:
4694:
4687:
4678:
4673:
4668:. Archived from
4657:
4652:. Archived from
4641:
4639:
4637:
4621:
4616:. Archived from
4605:
4603:
4601:
4579:
4564:
4548:
4533:
4517:Marcus Antoninus
4503:
4494:
4485:
4466:
4442:
4420:
4391:
4390:
4370:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4349:Historia Augusta
4340:
4334:
4328:
4319:
4313:
4304:
4298:
4289:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4237:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4199:, qtd. and tr. (
4198:
4194:Historia Augusta
4189:"Antoninus Pius"
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4106:
4100:
4088:
4082:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4038:
4024:
4002:
3983:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3936:
3933:
3922:
3919:
3913:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3873:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3833:
3830:
3817:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3776:
3770:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3723:
3713:
3702:
3699:
3690:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3669:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3622:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3590:
3584:(3) = 3rd spouse
3581:(2) = 2nd spouse
3578:(1) = 1st spouse
3573:
3572:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3371:Antonia Gordiana
3356:Plautia Servilla
3177:Servilia Ceionia
3120:
3118:
3112:
3095:Cornificia Minor
2866:
2864:
2858:
2835:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2567:L. Aelius Caesar
2556:
2554:
2548:
2539:
1951:Boionia Procilla
1938:Rupilia Faustina
1808:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1782:
1522:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1246:
1237:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1068:
1044:
1042:
1036:
912:Sergia Plautilla
892:Antonia Furnilla
771:
770:
758:
751:
744:
735:
705:Bruttia Crispina
604:
586:
572:
529:Taurus Mountains
511:XXII Deiotariana
435:Historia Augusta
426:Historia Augusta
391:himself in 161.
373:Pontifex maximus
347:Imperial heiress
269:
266:
198:
163:
146:
144:
102:
82:
45:
40:
19:
5664:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5627:Marcus Aurelius
5582:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5557:
5524:
5461:Rita of Armenia
5449:Anna of Hungary
5429:Irene Laskarina
5394:Agnes of France
5362:Maria of Alania
5313:Helena Lekapene
5163:
5160:
5149:
5082:
5074:
5058:Marcia Euphemia
5053:Licinia Eudoxia
5030:
5022:
5013:Aelia Flaccilla
4935:Galeria Valeria
4917:
4909:
4890:Cornelia Supera
4861:
4853:
4782:Pompeia Plotina
4777:Domitia Longina
4772:Galeria Fundana
4757:Claudia Octavia
4732:Livia Orestilla
4719:
4711:
4705:
4672:on 6 July 2017.
4660:
4644:
4635:
4633:
4624:
4608:
4599:
4597:
4584:
4567:
4555:Faustina, Annia
4552:
4541:
4536:
4522:
4497:
4488:
4482:
4469:
4463:
4447:Birley, Anthony
4445:
4439:
4423:
4417:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4394:
4387:
4372:
4371:
4364:
4355:
4353:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4329:
4322:
4314:
4307:
4299:
4292:
4284:
4277:
4268:
4266:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4239:
4238:
4231:
4223:
4219:
4211:
4207:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4174:
4170:
4166:, pp. 170.
4162:
4158:
4150:
4146:
4111:Feriale Duranum
4107:
4103:
4089:
4085:
4078:Feriale Duranum
4075:
4071:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4027:
4021:
4007:Levick, Barbara
4005:
3999:
3986:
3980:
3967:
3959:
3957:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3876:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3836:
3831:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3777:
3773:
3764:
3760:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3726:
3714:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3679:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3620:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3588:
3551:
3549:
3544:
3115:
3113:
3108:
2896:Ceionia Plautia
2861:
2859:
2854:
2849:Aurelia Fadilla
2831:
2818:
2816:
2813:Marcus Aurelius
2811:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2535:
2506:M. Annius Verus
1932:M. Annius Verus
1804:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1520:Salonia Matidia
1518:
1276:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1242:
1235:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1064:
1051:Marcia Furnilla
1039:
1037:
1032:
765:
762:
733:
618:
617:
616:
615:
614:
605:
596:
595:
594:
587:
578:
577:
576:
573:
562:
527:(a city in the
482:was proclaimed
480:Avidius Cassius
450:
442:Mater Castrorum
431:Avidius Cassius
388:
367:patria potestas
349:
341:Marcus Aurelius
309:
304:
296:Mater Castrorum
276:Marcus Aurelius
267:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
157:
156:
148:
140:
136:
134:Marcus Aurelius
123:
104:
84:
63:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5650:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5584:
5583:
5577:
5576:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5508:Anna of Moscow
5500:
5495:
5490:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5369:
5367:Irene Doukaina
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5303:Eudokia BaĂŻana
5300:
5298:Zoe Zaoutzaina
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5241:Maria of Amnia
5238:
5230:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5167:
5165:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5086:
5084:
5080:Eastern Empire
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5048:Galla Placidia
5045:
5040:
5034:
5032:
5028:Western Empire
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4900:Ulpia Severina
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4865:
4863:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4844:Annia Faustina
4841:
4839:Aquilia Severa
4836:
4831:
4819:
4814:
4812:Flavia Titiana
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4762:Poppaea Sabina
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4737:Lollia Paulina
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4720:27 BC – AD 235
4713:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4658:
4642:
4630:Roman Emperors
4622:
4606:
4596:on 18 May 2013
4582:
4581:
4580:
4565:
4540:
4539:External links
4537:
4535:
4534:
4524:Smith, William
4520:
4504:
4495:
4486:
4481:978-0195379419
4480:
4467:
4462:978-0415171250
4461:
4443:
4437:
4421:
4415:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4385:
4362:
4335:
4333:, p. 189.
4320:
4318:, p. 185.
4305:
4303:, p. 441.
4290:
4288:, p. 184.
4275:
4251:
4229:
4217:
4205:
4203:, p. 91).
4180:
4168:
4156:
4154:, p. 172.
4144:
4140:Antoninus Pius
4138:, who married
4101:
4083:
4069:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4031:, ed. (1870).
4029:Smith, William
4025:
4019:
4003:
3997:
3984:
3978:
3965:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3923:
3914:
3892:
3874:
3865:
3856:
3834:
3818:
3809:
3793:
3784:
3771:
3769:, pp. 319–322.
3765:Smith (1870),
3758:
3752:Smith (1870),
3745:
3736:
3724:
3703:
3691:
3682:
3670:
3661:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3618:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3555: 238–244
3542:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3337:Aurelia Sabina
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3119: 177–192
3106:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2865: 161–169
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2833:Faustina Minor
2829:
2827:
2825:
2822: 161–180
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2555: 138–161
2546:Antoninus Pius
2542:
2540:
2533:
2531:
2529:M. Annius Libo
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2157:Arria Antonina
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1802:
1800:
1797: 117–138
1785:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1499:Lucius Mindius
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1293:P. Aelius Afer
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1066:Trajanus Pater
1062:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
939:
938:
936:
934:
932:
929:
928:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
890:
888:
883:
881:
875:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
767:
766:
763:
761:
760:
753:
746:
738:
732:
729:
728:
727:
717:
714:
708:
698:
695:
685:
675:
672:
669:
659:
645:
642:
639:
606:
599:
598:
597:
588:
581:
580:
579:
574:
567:
566:
565:
564:
563:
561:
558:
449:
446:
387:
384:
348:
345:
308:
305:
303:
300:
284:Antoninus Pius
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:
243:Antoninus Pius
240:
236:
235:
233:Nerva–Antonine
230:
224:
223:
220:
219:
215:
214:
208:
207:
203:
202:
194:
193:
164:
150:
149:
145: 145)
138:
132:
131:
129:
125:
124:
119:
117:
113:
112:
97:
93:
92:
78:
74:
73:
70:
69:
60:
56:
55:
49:
48:
41:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5660:
5659:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5537:
5536:Roman emperor
5534:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5503:Helena Dragaš
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5481:Irene Asanina
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5471:Anna of Savoy
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5171:Fabia Eudokia
5169:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5156:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5135:Ino Anastasia
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5095:Aelia Eudocia
5093:
5091:
5090:Aelia Eudoxia
5088:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4988:Marina Severa
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4905:Magnia Urbica
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4702:
4697:
4695:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4586:"Faustina II"
4583:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4431:. Routledge.
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4416:9780897223669
4412:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4377:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4247:
4243:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4218:
4215:, p. 91.
4214:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4116:Diva Faustina
4113:
4112:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4065:Levick (2014)
4061:
4058:
4051:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3998:0-670-15708-2
3994:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3979:0-8390-0193-2
3975:
3971:
3966:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3616:
3594:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3547:
3537:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3345:
3338:
3320:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3297:
3295:
3286:
3263:
3237:
3235:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3130:
3111:
3103:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3061:
3059:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2941:
2939:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2875:Ceionia Fabia
2869:
2857:
2842:
2834:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2775:
2773:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2735:
2733:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2693:
2691:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2568:
2547:
2538:
2530:
2514:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2482:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2398:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2272:
2250:
2247:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2171:
2162:Arria Fadilla
2132:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2111:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2078:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1958:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1835:
1829:
1807:
1790:
1781:
1749:
1748:Matidia Minor
1741:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1721:
1718:
1711:
1710:Paulina Minor
1672:
1660:
1658:
1629:
1626:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1568:
1566:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1510:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1419:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:Paulina Major
1294:
1287:
1279:
1269: 98–117
1261:
1253:
1245:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1142:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1101:
1080:
1067:
1059:
1052:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1019:
1017:
1016:
963:
959:
957:
953:
951:
940:
937:
935:
933:
931:
930:
887:
880:
876:
873:
849:
847:
845:
837:
835:
834:
829:
805:
803:
785:
777:
775:
772:
769:
768:
759:
754:
752:
747:
745:
740:
739:
737:
736:
730:
725:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
702:
699:
696:
693:
689:
686:
683:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
663:
660:
657:
653:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
636:
635:
632:
630:
625:
623:
613:
609:
603:
592:
585:
571:
559:
557:
555:
551:
547:
546:
545:Faustinopolis
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
503:
498:
494:
490:
485:
484:Roman emperor
481:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:
454:
447:
445:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
427:
422:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:
396:
392:
385:
383:
381:
380:
375:
374:
369:
368:
358:
353:
346:
344:
342:
337:
336:Verus' father
333:
329:
324:
322:
313:
306:
301:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Roman empress
262:
254:
251:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
231:
229:
225:
216:
213:
209:
204:
199:
195:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:
162:
161:
155:
151:
135:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
107:
99:175/76 (aged
98:
94:
91:
87:
79:
75:
71:
68:from 164–169)
67:
61:
57:
54:
53:Roman empress
50:
39:
34:
31:
30:
25:
20:
16:Roman Empress
5571:
5567:
5563:
5506:
5484:
5447:
5375:
5344:
5337:
5275:
5233:
5225:
5062:
4955:
4875:Tranquillina
4825:
4796:
4787:Vibia Sabina
4670:the original
4665:
4654:the original
4649:
4634:. Retrieved
4629:
4618:the original
4613:
4598:. Retrieved
4594:the original
4589:
4573:
4558:
4527:
4516:
4506:
4499:
4490:
4471:
4451:
4428:
4406:
4398:Bibliography
4375:
4354:, retrieved
4347:
4338:
4267:. Retrieved
4263:
4254:
4245:
4220:
4208:
4192:
4183:
4171:
4159:
4147:
4127:
4115:
4109:
4104:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4077:
4072:
4060:
4032:
4010:
3988:
3969:
3958:. Retrieved
3950:
3944:
3917:
3904:
3895:
3868:
3859:
3812:
3787:
3779:
3774:
3761:
3748:
3739:
3715:
3685:
3664:
3655:
3648:
3645:
3624:
2856:Lucius Verus
2832:
2325:
2092:Appia Severa
1088: 96–98
1043: 79–81
694:, had a son;
684:, had issue;
668:, had a son;
652:Lucius Verus
633:
626:
619:
549:
543:
537:
522:
515:
500:
477:
467:
463:
457:
441:
439:
434:
424:
418:
408:
404:
398:
389:
377:
371:
365:
362:
332:Lucius Verus
325:
318:
295:
286:and empress
260:
259:
187:Annius Verus
160:Among others
158:
27:
5592:130s births
5568:underlining
5140:Constantina
4822:Julia Domna
4511:(nominally
4331:Birley 2001
4316:Birley 2001
4286:Birley 2001
4225:Levick 2014
4213:Birley 2000
4201:Birley 2000
4176:Birley 2000
4164:Levick 2014
4152:Levick 2014
3945:References:
3546:Gordian III
2313:L. Commodus
726:, no issue.
707:, no issue;
629:Juno Lucina
502:Meditations
421:Cassius Dio
212:Regnal name
64:(alongside
5597:175 deaths
5586:Categories
5271:Euphrosyne
5043:Thermantia
5003:Constantia
4717:Principate
4438:0415171253
4301:Smith 1870
4269:2024-02-18
4136:Faustina I
4124:Faustina I
4047:References
3960:2015-04-14
3621:Small Caps
2805:Cornificia
533:Cappadocia
411:: Goddess
307:Early life
268: 130
110:Cappadocia
5323:Theophano
5261:Theodosia
5236:of Athens
5191:Anastasia
5100:Pulcheria
4945:Minervina
4747:Messalina
4710:empresses
4636:18 August
4600:18 August
4052:Citations
3767:"Hadrian"
3720:"Hadrian"
3634:or other)
593:, Tunisia
518:centurion
474:standing.
415:standing.
413:Concordia
5637:Augustae
5553:Augustae
5529:See also
5346:Theodora
5328:Theodora
5318:Theodora
5277:Theodora
5256:Prokopia
5246:Theodote
5181:Gregoria
5164:610–1453
5159:Eastern/
5125:Theodora
5120:Euphemia
5064:Placidia
4973:Faustina
4930:Eutropia
4915:Dominate
4526:(1870).
4449:(2001).
4427:(2000).
4356:31 March
4352:, 26.4–9
4097:(02): 43
4009:(2014).
3630:Augustae
3110:Commodus
2537:Faustina
2523:Fundania
1806:Antinous
1244:Marciana
622:Commodus
497:Princeps
489:Commodus
459:denarius
456:Replica
359:, Turkey
183:Commodus
171:Faustina
5564:Italics
5221:Eudokia
5211:Tzitzak
5196:Eudokia
5176:Martina
5145:Leontia
5115:Zenonis
5110:Ariadne
5083:395–610
5031:395–480
4998:Domnica
4993:Justina
4983:Charito
4968:Eusebia
4918:284–610
4862:235–285
4802:Lucilla
4246:Haaretz
4120:kalends
3626:Augusti
3593:emperor
3153:Lucilla
3129:Fadilla
2326:unknown
2319:Plautia
1789:Hadrian
1278:Plotina
654:, then
554:Miletus
540:deified
386:Empress
379:Augusta
328:Hadrian
292:Augusta
228:Dynasty
175:Fadilla
167:Lucilla
147:
139:
66:Lucilla
29:Augusta
5333:Helena
5266:Thekla
5186:Fausta
5130:Sophia
5105:Verina
4978:Helena
4951:Fausta
4925:Prisca
4859:Crisis
4590:Livius
4478:
4459:
4435:
4413:
4383:
4197:, 10.2
4017:
3995:
3976:
3780:passim
3646:Notes:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3589:
2582:Avidia
1780:Sabina
1260:Trajan
1236:Flavia
1058:Marcia
525:Halala
472:Pietas
400:Aureus
249:Mother
239:Father
191:Sabina
128:Spouse
116:Burial
106:Halala
59:Tenure
46:161 AD
42:Bust,
5607:Annii
5234:Irene
5216:Maria
5206:Maria
5038:Maria
5018:Galla
5008:Laeta
4727:Livia
4134:, or
3901:72.22
2867:) (1)
1100:Ulpia
1079:Nerva
1034:Titus
201:Names
154:Issue
141:(
137:
90:Italy
5572:bold
5541:list
5505:(w.
5483:(w.
5446:(w.
5374:(w.
5227:Anna
4824:(w.
4638:2018
4602:2018
4476:ISBN
4457:ISBN
4433:ISBN
4411:ISBN
4381:ISBN
4358:2014
4108:The
4080:3.7.
4015:ISBN
3993:ISBN
3974:ISBN
509:and
321:Rome
302:Life
294:and
96:Died
86:Rome
77:Born
5339:Zoë
4947:(?)
4871:(?)
4572:".
4557:".
4515:),
3951:DIR
3716:DIR
3346:(1)
3147:(2)
1530:(1)
1511:(3)
1501:(2)
531:in
468:Rev
464:Obv
409:Rev
405:Obv
103:45)
83:130
5588::
4664:.
4648:.
4628:.
4612:.
4588:.
4365:^
4346:,
4323:^
4308:^
4293:^
4278:^
4262:.
4244:.
4232:^
4191:,
4095:13
3926:^
3906:HA
3877:^
3837:^
3821:^
3796:^
3727:^
3706:^
3694:^
3673:^
3628:,
3553:r.
3117:r.
2863:r.
2820:r.
2553:r.
1795:r.
1267:r.
1086:r.
1041:r.
631:.
624:.
610:,
513:.
470::
323:.
278:,
265:c.
143:m.
108:,
101:c.
88:,
81:c.
44:c.
5511:)
5489:)
5452:)
5380:)
4830:)
4700:e
4693:t
4686:v
4640:.
4604:.
4568:"
4553:"
4532:.
4484:.
4465:.
4441:.
4419:.
4389:.
4272:.
4248:.
4142:.
4099:.
4037:.
4023:.
4001:.
3982:.
3963:.
3912:.
3756:.
3722:.
3632:,
3557:)
3550:(
3380:?
3121:)
3114:(
2860:(
2824:)
2817:(
2557:)
2550:(
1799:)
1792:(
1271:)
1264:(
1090:)
1083:(
1045:)
1038:(
757:e
750:t
743:v
263:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
