1120:
52:
746:
962:
195:
179:
1216:
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262:. This process requires pressures that may reach 100 millimetres of mercury (3.9 inHg) (13.3 kPa) in humans and 450 millimetres of mercury (18 inHg) (60 kPa) in penguins. The forces required to expel the feces are generated through muscular contractions and a build-up of gases inside the gut, prompting the sphincter to relieve the pressure and release the feces.
61:
270:
After an animal has digested eaten material, the remains of that material are discharged from its body as waste. Although it is lower in energy than the food from which it is derived, feces may retain a large amount of energy, often 50% of that of the original food. This means that of all food eaten,
569:
The reason this analysis is possible at all is due to the digestive system not being entirely efficient, in the sense that not everything that passes through the digestive system is destroyed. Not all of the surviving material is recognizable, but some of it is. Generally, this material is the best
557:
of the people who produced them through the analysis of seeds, small bones, and parasite eggs found inside. Feces may contain information about the person excreting the material as well as information about the material. They also may be analyzed chemically for more in-depth information on the
357:. To maintain nutrients in soil it is therefore important that feces returns to the area from which they came, which is not always the case in human society where food may be transported from rural areas to urban populations and then feces disposed of into a river or sea.
1150:
make olfactory contact with human feces minimal. Disgust is experienced primarily in relation to the sense of taste (either perceived or imagined) and, secondarily to anything that causes a similar feeling by sense of smell, touch, or vision.
371:
Depending on the individual and the circumstances, human beings may defecate several times a day, every day, or once every two or three days. Extensive hardening of the feces that interrupts this routine for several days or more is called
2312:
577:. This reaction creates a casing of sugar that preserves the feces from the elements. To extract and analyze the information contained within, researchers generally have to freeze the feces and grind it up into powder for analysis.
414:
At different times in their life, human beings will expel feces of different colors and textures. A stool that passes rapidly through the intestines will look greenish; lack of bilirubin will make the stool look like clay.
534:
stones". They serve a valuable purpose in paleontology because they provide direct evidence of the predation and diet of extinct organisms. Coprolites may range in size from a few millimetres to more than 60 centimetres.
410:
babies expel soft, pale yellowish, and not quite malodorous matter; but once the baby begins to eat, and the body starts expelling bilirubin from dead red blood cells, its matter acquires the familiar brown color.
282:
odors from long distances. Some may specialize in feces, while others may eat other foods. Feces serve not only as a basic food, but also as a supplement to the usual diet of some animals. This process is known as
549:
excavations or surveys. Intact paleofeces of ancient people may be found in caves in arid climates and in other locations with suitable preservation conditions. These are studied to determine the
2589:
1786:
336:. Provided the seed can withstand the pathway through the digestive system, it is not only likely to be far away from the parent plant, but is even provided with its own fertilizer.
2532:
2345:
1146:
in adults. Children under two years typically have no disgust response to it, suggesting it is culturally derived. Disgust toward feces appears to be strongest in cultures where
1726:
87:
2204:
2619:
1825:
1098:– horse manure, roadapple (before motor vehicles became common, horse droppings were a big part of the rubbish communities needed to clean off roads)
2261:
2559:
1381:"Catabolic pathway for the production of skatole and indoleacetic acid by the acetogen Clostridium drakei, Clostridium scatologenes, and swine manure"
236:
The perceived bad odor of feces has been hypothesized to be a deterrent for humans, as consuming or touching it may result in sickness or infection.
1119:
765:
is also commonly used in medical contexts. Outside of scientific contexts, these terms are less common, with the most common layman's term being
2581:
2453:
2649:
2037:
1794:
1343:
1724:
Dittmar, Heinrich; Drach, Manfred; Vosskamp, Ralf; Trenkel, Martin E.; Gutser, Reinhold; Steffens, Günter (2009). "Fertilizers, 2. Types".
566:
analysis. The success rate of usable DNA extraction is relatively high in paleofeces, making it more reliable than skeletal DNA retrieval.
2524:
693:
in the dog feces helped to relax the fibrous structure of the hide before the final stages of tanning. Dog feces collectors were known as
328:. An advantage for a plant in having fruit is that animals will eat the fruit and unknowingly disperse the seed in doing so. This mode of
2397:
2139:
708:
and pandas are born with sterile intestines, and require bacteria obtained from eating the feces of their mothers to digest vegetation.
2335:
2108:
1743:
570:
indicator archaeologists can use to determine ancient diets, as no other part of the archaeological record is so direct an indicator.
1856:
2298:
2371:
2134:
686:. Collected dog feces, known as "pure", "puer", or "pewer", were mixed with water to form a substance known as "bate", because
1878:
Harhangi, HR; Le Roy, M; van Alen, T; Hu, BL; Groen, J; Kartal, B; Tringe, SG; Quan, ZX; Jetten, MS; Op; den Camp, HJ (2012).
1702:
2290:
The ghost map : the story of London's most terrifying epidemic--and how it changed science, cities, and the modern world
2043:
1541:
2196:
1566:
Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno; Gal, Jozsef (2003). "Pressures produced when penguins pooh?calculations on avian defaecation".
332:
is highly successful, as seeds dispersed around the base of a plant are unlikely to succeed and often are subject to heavy
1943:
2611:
898:
349:, and play an important role in ecosystems by recycling organic matter back into a simpler form that plants and other
1817:
779:
is also in common use, although it is widely considered vulgar or offensive. There are many other terms, see below.
2718:
287:, and occurs in various animal species such as young elephants eating the feces of their mothers to gain essential
2233:
1300:
1880:"Hydrazine synthase, a unique phylomarker with which to study the presence and biodiversity of anammox bacteria"
2159:
2555:
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2238:
379:
The appearance of human fecal matter varies according to diet and health. Normally it is semisolid, with a
750:
491:
164:
2426:
2394:"Feces definition – Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms"
745:
1980:
1891:
1645:
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1392:
464:
459:
354:
148:
2686:
2449:
2160:"Composition and properties of Indonesian palm civet coffee (Kopi Luwak) and Ethiopian civet coffee"
1636:
27:
1763:
51:
2090:
1599:
1240:
657:
311:
1446:"Microbial metabolites of tryptophan in the intestinal tract with special reference to skatole"
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2008:
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230:
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114:
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102:
615:, or civet coffee, is coffee made from coffee beans that have been eaten and excreted by
225:-containing compounds), as well as amines and carboxylic acids. Skatole is produced from
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1984:
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1579:
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2003:
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The feces of animals often have special names (some of them are slang), for example:
910:
683:
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1603:
2525:"Yes, poop is gross. But that's not the only reason for its shameful social stigma"
1694:
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879:
701:
665:
638:
626:
527:
519:
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2197:"Elephant Dung Coffee: World's Most Expensive Brew Is Made With Pooped-Out Beans"
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20:
1695:"Everybody poops. But here are 9 surprising facts about feces you may not know"
1215:
573:
A process that preserves feces in a way that they may be analyzed later is the
1967:"A Molecular Analysis of Dietary Diversity for Three Archaic Native Americans"
1935:
1587:
1379:
Whitehead, T. R.; Price, N. P.; Drake, H. L.; Cotta, M. A. (25 January 2008).
1285:
1280:
1260:
1211:
1124:
1107:
1086:
827:"Feces" is used more in biology and medicine than in other fields (reflecting
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511:
490:
possess gut bacteria capable of producing biofuel. The bacterium in question,
447:
259:
245:
226:
140:
133:
2582:"The Oral History Of The Poop Emoji (Or, How Google Brought Poop To America)"
1735:
1634:
Heinrich B, Bartholomew GA (1979). "The ecology of the
African dung beetle".
1595:
1412:
522:
they give evidence about the diet of an animal. They were first described by
2340:
2308:
2109:"Your Home Technical Manual – 3.4d Construction Systems – Mud Brick (Adobe)"
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74:
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2012:
1993:
1921:
1520:
1502:
1430:
101:) are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the
271:
a significant amount of energy remains for the decomposers of ecosystems.
19:
This article is about feces in general. For specifically human feces, see
2288:
1903:
1471:
1404:
1368:(Seventh ed.). Basle, Switzerland: CIBA-GEIGY Ltd. pp. 657–660.
1245:
998:
875:
712:
653:
649:
634:
606:
399:
341:
199:
106:
70:
2697:
2227:
1033:(individual) – droppings (also include urine as white crystals of
609:) huts, or even in throwing sports, especially with cow and camel dung.
274:
Many organisms feed on feces, from bacteria to fungi to insects such as
185:
is the principal compound responsible for the unpleasant smell of feces.
1164:
1143:
1075:
1040:
1025:
828:
679:
299:
214:
182:
2065:
Stokstad, Erik (28 July 2000). "Divining Diet and
Disease From DNA".
1270:
1265:
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992:
860:
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554:
531:
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255:
222:
129:
38:
2642:
Poop
Culture: How America Is Shaped by Its Grossest National Product
797:
60:
26:"Fecal matter" redirects here. For the American punk rock band, see
1334:(Fifth ed.). New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. p.
1118:
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1066:
1048:
1021:
965:
960:
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321:
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1971:
1030:
1008:
919:
878:, to diagnose the presence or absence of a medical condition, a
822:
775:
403:
384:
317:
251:
210:
125:
34:
1487:"Evidence that disgust evolved to protect from risk of disease"
1204:, and is commonly an interest of young children and teenagers.
1044:
671:
563:
353:
may absorb once again. This cycling of matter is known as the
1818:"Cars Could Run on Recycled Newspaper, Tulane Scientists Say"
2420:
402:, the first stool expelled, a newborn's feces contains only
1003:
Individual droppings – cow pats, meadow muffins, etc.
889:(with each movement a defecation event) is also common in
291:, or by other animals such as dogs, rabbits, and monkeys.
1620:
Biology, 8th
Edition, Campbell & Reece, 2008: Biology
2422:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
2029:
121:, and dead epithelial cells from the lining of the gut.
1759:
1142:
In all human cultures, feces elicit varying degrees of
1326:
Tortora, Gerard J.; Anagnostakos, Nicholas P. (1987).
1089:(usually mixed with animal bedding and urine) –
2262:"Rohm and Haas Innovation - The Leather Breakthrough"
1561:
1559:
809:; out of various major dictionaries, only one enters
660:, which is among the world's most expensive coffees.
855:
normally are used to refer to non-human animal feces
1534:Langley, Leroy Lester; Cheraskin, Emmanuel (1958).
1011:(and formerly other quarry animals) – fewmets
526:in 1829. Prior to this, they were known as "fossil
2226:
1327:
629:provide fertilizer for the world's most expensive
1965:Poinar, Hendrik N.; et al. (10 April 2001).
656:are used to digest coffee beans in order to make
339:Organisms that subsist on dead organic matter or
2264:. Rohmhaas.com. 1 September 1909. Archived from
1849:"Bacteria Eat Human Sewage, Produce Rocket Fuel"
1936:"Definition of coprolite | Dictionary.com"
805:, there is no singular form, making the word a
1727:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1617:Cummings, Benjamin; Campbell, Neil A. (2008).
761:is the scientific terminology, while the term
2477:"Coprophagy in nineteenth-century psychiatry"
1787:"Panda Poop Might Help Turn Plants Into Fuel"
1111:Sign ordering owners to clean up after pets,
668:is a brand of paper made from elephant dung.
664:is also made from elephant dung in Thailand.
113:. Feces contain a relatively small amount of
16:Solid or semisolid remains of undigested food
8:
882:sometimes is requested for testing purposes.
494:, can be used to synthesize the rocket fuel
320:also may be found in feces. Animals who eat
147:in agriculture. They can also be burned as
2334:Ramachandran, Smriti Kak (19 March 2015).
1450:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1321:
1319:
1317:
801:meaning "dregs". In most English-language
2500:
2336:"Cow dung, urine can cure cancer: BJP MP"
2190:
2188:
2002:
1992:
1911:
1510:
1461:
1420:
719:are major ingredients of the traditional
1485:Curtis V, Aunger R, Rabie T (May 2004).
1444:Yokoyama, M. T.; Carlson, J. R. (1979).
1364:Diem, K.; Lentner, C. (1970). "Faeces".
298:light, are important to raptors such as
2481:Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease
1816:Ray, Kathryn Hobgood (25 August 2011).
1313:
839:In hunting and tracking, terms such as
479:, is burned as fuel in many countries.
406:, which gives it a yellow-green color.
395:, gives feces the typical brown color.
2429:from the original on 25 September 2015
1385:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
1359:
1357:
1355:
597:Animal dung occasionally is used as a
2456:from the original on 19 February 2012
2448:Steven Dowshen, MD (September 2011).
2400:from the original on 11 November 2013
2207:from the original on 3 September 2017
1785:Handwerk, Brian (11 September 2013).
1705:from the original on 17 November 2019
1693:Stromberg, Joseph (22 January 2015).
1623:(8th ed.). Pearson. p. 890.
159:uses have been found. In the case of
117:products such as bacterially altered
94:
7:
2622:from the original on 30 October 2016
2475:Moore, Alison M. (8 November 2018).
2247:participating institution membership
1946:from the original on 9 November 2020
1330:Principles of anatomy and physiology
897:There are many synonyms in informal
831:'s tradition of classical Latin and
637:, tea is made from the droppings of
558:individual who excreted them, using
2348:from the original on 1 October 2019
2140:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1847:Handwerk, Brian (9 November 2005).
901:for feces, just like there are for
2562:from the original on 31 March 2019
2374:from the original on 11 March 2019
2046:from the original on 1 August 2020
1859:from the original on 13 March 2020
1766:from the original on 13 March 2021
1658:10.1038/scientificamerican1179-146
1544:from the original on 1 August 2020
1082:(feces extruded at ground surface)
923:), whereas most belong chiefly to
306:and thus find their prey by their
205:contributes to the smell of feces.
14:
2592:from the original on 3 April 2018
2556:"Why do humans hate poo so much?"
2535:from the original on 31 July 2020
2315:from the original on 4 March 2022
1828:from the original on 4 March 2022
870:is a common term in reference to
250:Feces are discharged through the
124:Feces are discharged through the
2669:
2382:– via The Free Dictionary.
1214:
59:
50:
2396:. Medterms.com. 19 March 2012.
811:variation from plural agreement
294:Feces and urine, which reflect
2644:. United States: Feral House.
2612:"America Needs its own Emojis"
2610:Darlin, Damon (7 March 2015),
2450:"Stool Test: Bacteria Culture"
1867:– via wildsingapore.com.
1047:(large accumulations) –
987:Individually – droppings
171:and feces together are called
105:, and has been broken down by
1:
2493:10.1080/16512235.2018.1535737
2425:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
2293:. New York: Riverhead Books.
2195:Topper, R (15 October 2012).
2179:10.1016/j.foodres.2004.05.008
984:As bulk material – dung
514:feces and is classified as a
2079:10.1126/science.289.5479.530
2419:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
2167:Food Research International
2032:. Oxford University Press.
1674:. City of Manhattan, Kansas
438:The feces of animals, e.g.
2735:
2026:Feder, Kenneth L. (2008).
1135:
858:In husbandry and farming,
820:
733:stated that they can cure
621:Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
457:
422:
383:coating. A combination of
364:
243:
32:
25:
18:
2234:Oxford English Dictionary
1588:10.1007/s00300-003-0563-3
1301:Zooplankton fecal pellets
545:, often found as part of
502:Coprolites and paleofeces
2287:Johnson, Steven (2006).
2135:"Dung Throwing contests"
1884:Appl. Environ. Microbiol
1853:National Geographic News
1736:10.1002/14356007.n10_n01
754:consuming bird droppings
391:, which comes from dead
33:Not to be confused with
2239:Oxford University Press
1730:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
589:A pet waste station in
429:Human feces § Uses
229:via indoleacetic acid.
163:, fecal transplants or
2640:Praeger, Dave (2007).
1994:10.1073/pnas.061014798
1503:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0144
1200:Poop is the center of
1128:
1116:
997:Bulk material –
969:
755:
674:feces was used in the
594:
206:
186:
151:or dried and used for
1537:The Physiology of Man
1463:10.1093/ajcn/32.1.173
1366:in: Scientific Tables
1122:
1110:
964:
925:child-directed speech
821:Further information:
791:is the plural of the
751:Cyclosia papilionaris
748:
588:
562:analysis and ancient
492:Brocadia anammoxidans
458:Further information:
197:
181:
165:fecal bacteriotherapy
139:Feces can be used as
2588:, 18 November 2014,
2158:Marcone, M. (2004).
1904:10.1128/AEM.07113-11
1405:10.1128/AEM.02458-07
913:, or both; some are
482:Animals such as the
460:Dry animal dung fuel
446:, often are used as
419:Uses of animal feces
355:biogeochemical cycle
2237:(Online ed.).
2147:on 11 October 2007.
1985:2001PNAS...98.4317P
1896:2012ApEnM..78..752H
1791:National Geographic
1672:"Document: Krestel"
1650:1979SciAm.241e.146H
1637:Scientific American
1580:2003PoBio..27...56M
1497:(Suppl 4): S131–3.
1397:2008ApEnM..74.1950W
1132:Feelings of disgust
1103:Society and culture
1085:Feces when used as
213:of feces is due to
28:Fecal Matter (band)
2616:The New York Times
2554:Goldman, Jason G.
2268:on 19 October 2012
1797:on 3 December 2019
1241:Coprophilous fungi
1129:
1117:
981:Non-human animals
970:
874:. For example, in
756:
658:Black Ivory coffee
595:
467:, such as that of
302:, who can see the
207:
187:
2719:Animal physiology
2651:978-1-932595-21-5
2487:(sup1): 1535737.
2245:(Subscription or
2073:(5479): 530–531.
2039:978-0-19-533117-2
1345:978-0-06-350729-6
1161:Pile of Poo emoji
887:bowel movement(s)
731:Shankarbhai Vegad
617:Asian palm civets
575:Maillard reaction
2726:
2698:Article on Feces
2673:
2672:
2656:
2655:
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2631:
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2217:
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2183:
2182:
2164:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2143:. Archived from
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2111:. Archived from
2105:
2099:
2098:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2006:
1996:
1979:(8): 4317–4322.
1962:
1956:
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1915:
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1864:
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1807:
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1804:
1802:
1793:. Archived from
1782:
1776:
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1756:
1750:
1749:
1721:
1715:
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1435:
1434:
1424:
1376:
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1369:
1361:
1350:
1349:
1333:
1323:
1256:Fecal microbiota
1251:Excretory system
1224:
1219:
1218:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1171:
973:Feces of animals
933:palindromic word
524:William Buckland
425:Reuse of excreta
304:near ultraviolet
209:The distinctive
203:hydrogen sulfide
145:soil conditioner
96:
69:A comparison of
63:
54:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2704:
2703:
2694:
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1540:. McGraw-Hill.
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1220:
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1157:
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591:Tucker, Georgia
583:
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465:Dry animal dung
462:
456:
436:
431:
421:
393:red blood cells
369:
363:
268:
248:
242:
233:gives skatole.
231:Decarboxylation
192:
190:Characteristics
115:metabolic waste
111:large intestine
103:small intestine
81:
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2452:. Kidshealth.
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2173:(9): 901–912.
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2115:on 6 July 2007
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2018:
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1136:Main article:
1133:
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408:Breast feeding
365:Main article:
362:
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330:seed dispersal
267:
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1391:(6): 1950–3.
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1187:
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1154:
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1149:
1148:flush toilets
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1126:
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1080:worm castings
1078:etc. –
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729:. Politician
728:
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692:
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685:
684:Victorian era
681:
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639:stick insects
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358:
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344:
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89:
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76:
72:
62:
53:
44:
40:
36:
29:
22:
2685:
2684:
2683:profile for
2680:
2641:
2635:
2624:, retrieved
2615:
2605:
2594:, retrieved
2586:Fast Company
2585:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2549:
2537:. Retrieved
2528:
2519:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2458:. Retrieved
2443:
2431:, retrieved
2421:
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2388:
2376:. Retrieved
2362:
2352:17 September
2350:. Retrieved
2339:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2289:
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2266:the original
2256:
2232:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2200:
2170:
2166:
2153:
2145:the original
2138:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2113:the original
2103:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2028:
2021:
1976:
1970:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1939:
1930:
1890:(3): 752–8.
1887:
1883:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1852:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1821:
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1795:the original
1790:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1754:
1725:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1698:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1666:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1619:
1612:
1574:(1): 56–58.
1571:
1567:
1546:. Retrieved
1536:
1529:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1365:
1329:
1202:toilet humor
1199:
1189:
1181:
1158:
1155:Social media
1141:
1063:leaf beetles
1059:caterpillars
1053:Herbivorous
1018:– scat
976:
955:
951:
947:
943:
935:
928:
918:
896:
886:
880:stool sample
867:
859:
852:
848:
844:
840:
826:
796:
788:
786:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:
749:
724:
710:
699:
695:pure finders
694:
670:
666:Haathi Chaap
648:In northern
647:
627:Giant pandas
625:
620:
611:
596:
572:
568:
541:are ancient
537:
520:paleontology
516:trace fossil
505:
481:
463:
437:
413:
397:
378:
374:constipation
370:
347:detritivores
340:
338:
316:
293:
276:dung beetles
273:
269:
249:
235:
208:
167:are in use.
153:construction
138:
123:
98:
90:
83:
82:
43:
2460:11 February
2404:11 November
2319:21 February
2211:10 December
1822:Tulane News
1678:11 February
1296:Whale feces
1236:Coprophilia
1231:Coprophagia
1178:PILE OF POO
1159:There is a
1138:Human feces
940:crude humor
907:euphemistic
905:. Many are
891:health care
872:human feces
773:. The term
741:Terminology
726:Panchagavya
700:Elephants,
688:proteolytic
682:during the
678:process of
539:Palaeofeces
484:giant panda
367:Human feces
361:Human feces
312:territorial
296:ultraviolet
285:coprophagia
161:human feces
73:(left) and
21:Human feces
2708:Categories
2596:9 November
2272:27 October
2249:required.)
2050:3 December
1863:3 December
1832:3 December
1801:3 December
1709:3 December
1548:3 December
1308:References
1286:Sanitation
1281:Night soil
1261:Fecal plug
1192:in Japan.
1125:Kensington
1087:fertilizer
1072:Earthworms
1057:, such as
1016:carnivores
911:colloquial
864:is common.
711:In India,
613:Kopi luwak
581:Other uses
512:fossilized
448:fertilizer
434:Fertilizer
423:See also:
398:After the
351:autotrophs
326:frugivores
278:, who can
260:defecation
246:Defecation
240:Physiology
227:tryptophan
141:fertilizer
134:defecation
2341:The Hindu
1596:0722-4060
1413:0099-2240
1291:Scatology
1190:unchi-kun
1180:, called
1175:💩
1035:uric acid
942:(such as
927:(such as
917:(such as
899:registers
885:The term
853:droppings
833:Neo-Latin
787:The word
783:Etymology
717:cow urine
654:elephants
631:green tea
528:fir cones
508:coprolite
496:hydrazine
389:bilirubin
334:predation
314:markers.
289:gut flora
157:medicinal
119:bilirubin
75:cow feces
2620:archived
2590:archived
2560:Archived
2533:Archived
2529:Upworthy
2511:30425610
2454:Archived
2433:17 March
2427:archived
2398:Archived
2378:18 April
2372:Archived
2346:Archived
2313:Archived
2309:70483471
2205:Archived
2201:HuffPost
2095:83373644
2087:10939960
2044:Archived
2013:11296282
1950:16 March
1944:Archived
1922:22138989
1857:Archived
1826:Archived
1770:16 March
1764:Archived
1703:Archived
1604:43386022
1542:Archived
1521:15252963
1431:18223109
1246:Cow dung
1208:See also
1123:Sign in
1076:lugworms
1065:–
1041:Seabirds
1024:–
999:cow dung
938:) or to
876:medicine
817:Synonyms
713:cow dung
650:Thailand
645:leaves.
635:Malaysia
607:mudbrick
601:to make
400:meconium
342:detritus
300:kestrels
200:molecule
107:bacteria
71:elephant
2677:Scholia
2626:1 March
2566:8 April
2558:. BBC.
2539:8 April
2502:6225515
2368:"stool"
2067:Science
1981:Bibcode
1913:3264106
1892:Bibcode
1760:"STCWA"
1646:Bibcode
1576:Bibcode
1512:1810028
1422:2268313
1393:Bibcode
1170:U+1F4A9
1165:Unicode
1144:disgust
1055:insects
1026:spraint
931:or the
915:profane
829:science
691:enzymes
680:leather
676:tanning
641:fed on
530:" and "
308:middens
266:Ecology
258:during
215:skatole
183:Skatole
173:excreta
155:. Some
132:during
109:in the
77:(right)
2679:has a
2648:
2509:
2499:
2307:
2297:
2228:"pure"
2119:9 July
2093:
2085:
2036:
2011:
2001:
1920:
1910:
1742:
1602:
1594:
1519:
1509:
1472:367144
1470:
1429:
1419:
1411:
1342:
1271:Manure
1266:Jenkem
1172:
1127:, 2024
1115:, 2011
1096:Horses
1091:manure
993:Cattle
861:manure
851:, and
789:faeces
735:cancer
723:drink
706:koalas
702:hippos
599:cement
555:health
532:bezoar
477:cattle
454:Energy
444:manure
256:cloaca
223:sulfur
219:thiols
217:, and
130:cloaca
91:faeces
39:facies
2714:Feces
2687:Feces
2681:topic
2251:n., 6
2243:
2163:(PDF)
2091:S2CID
2004:31832
1600:S2CID
1196:Jokes
1184:unchi
1067:frass
1049:guano
1031:Birds
1022:Otter
1014:Wild
968:feces
966:Horse
903:urine
868:Stool
849:spoor
803:usage
795:word
793:Latin
763:stool
759:Feces
721:Hindu
662:Paper
643:guava
633:. In
603:adobe
560:lipid
543:feces
518:. In
488:zebra
473:bison
469:camel
440:guano
381:mucus
322:fruit
318:Seeds
280:sense
169:Urine
84:Feces
35:faces
2646:ISBN
2628:2017
2598:2016
2568:2020
2541:2020
2507:PMID
2462:2012
2435:2015
2406:2013
2380:2017
2354:2019
2321:2021
2305:OCLC
2295:ISBN
2274:2012
2213:2012
2121:2007
2083:PMID
2052:2019
2034:ISBN
2009:PMID
1972:PNAS
1952:2021
1918:PMID
1865:2019
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