281:, took issue with Gross' thesis that the murders of Jews in post-war Poland was inspired by feelings of guilt on the part of Poles, positing instead that perhaps "through their own state-of-the-art anti-Semitism, the Germans emboldened many Poles to act upon what they had always felt," taking as credible "Nazi accounts of Judenjagd, or 'Jew hunts,' detailed how Poles pitched in to find any stray Jews the Germans somehow managed to miss."
348:, Professor in International History at the London School for Economics, has described the debate over Gross' book in Poland as "driven by historians with a nationalist agenda that they have pursued since the end of Communism," an agenda in which Jews are portrayed as antagonistic to the existence and interests of the Polish nation and in which their claims to a Polish identity are negated in order to portray communism as an alien creed.
461:, making generalizations, stereotyping, ignoring works which did not confirm his views, neglecting the wider context of the events in that Jews were not a unique subject of persecution and banditry which occurred throughout postwar Europe, misinterpreting or distorting data, relying mostly on Jewish sources, using inflammatory and emotional language, and drawing unsubstantiated conclusions. The book quotes alleged
337:"Gross himself appears to have bracketed off the Nazi era from the longer course of Polish history and by doing so to have altered the terms for reflecting on transgenerational Polish responsibility for past deeds that he set forth in his earlier work." Engel wrote that Gross now sees World War II as a radical break in the history of Polish behavior towards Jews.
563:, criticized Gross for being more of a judge than an analyst, neglecting the impact of the post-war collapse of state institutions, and selectively using facts to support his thesis. Tych also said that "after book, it is no longer possible to escape from the question why there were killings of Jews after the war, and that is his undeniable achievement."
518:
radio that he "agree with argument that Poles had their share in the
Holocaust," and that "anti-Semitism was a kind of cultural code which Poles used at that time, and that Jews were not responsible for the introduction of communist rule in Poland", however, he also said that Gross often "can't see
207:
We must seek the reasons for the novel, virulent quality of postwar anti-Semitism in Poland not in collective hallucinations nor in prewar attitudes, but in actual experiences acquired during the war years.... Living Jews embodied the massive failure of character and reason on the part of their
389:
against the Nazis, responded to the book by stating that "everything Gross writes about is true" but that postwar violence against Jews was "not about anti-Semitism... Murdering Jews was pure banditry, and I wouldn't explain it as anti-Semitism... It was contempt for man, for human life, plain
163:
returned home at the end of the war. In his chapter "The
Unwelcoming of Jewish Survivors," Gross describes how returning Polish Jews were subjected to a wave of violence and hostility, with up to 1500 murdered either individually or in pogroms. Often they would find their property occupied by
301:(of which he is editor-in-chief), that "Wiesel's review conveys the image of a country unable to confront the plague of anti-Semitism... Anyone who writes about anti-Semitism in Poland and ignores those facts, falsifies — even if unintentionally — the truth about Poland."
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differed from its
English original because Gross assumed that his Polish readers were familiar with the tragic history of wartime Poland. The first chapter of the English version was replaced by a chapter documenting Polish awareness of the genocide of the Jews.
22:
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is slanderous against the Polish nation, but rejected the claims and refused to launch an investigation. The fact that such requests were made became the subject of additional media controversy. The article of the
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the forest for the trees", i.e. the hunger, Soviet brutality, and the wartime fear in the hearts of all Polish nationals regardless of faith. In 2012 Zaremba published a book about the years 1944-1947 in Poland (
422:
expressed his discomfort about the speed with which Gross makes generalizations. "Memory and history are two different things," Paczkowski said. "Memory is black and white while history is about shades of gray."
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184:
for gold fillings. He discusses the alienation, hostile atmosphere, and violence experienced by some Jews and the inability of Polish elites to prevent it. Gross makes additional claims about the
195:
online summary, Gross concludes by writing that some Poles, especially in rural areas, participated in the Nazi wartime effort to annihilate and despoil the Jews, which was the cause of postwar
409:, said Gross' book "awakened the demon" of antisemitism. A Znak spokesperson responded to the complaint by asserting that the issues should be talked about. Znak spokesman Tomasz Miedzik told
172:
much of the Polish economy. According to Gross, the expropriation of Jewish property continued a trend that occurred throughout the war years, with non-Jewish Poles acquiring the property of
188:, arguing that the crime was initiated not by a mob, but by the police, and that it involved people from every walk of life except the highest level of government officials in the city.
366:
described as a "right wing backlash," with the book coming under strong criticism by Polish nationalists, the country's conservative establishment as well as some historians.
291:, rejected the notion of collective guilt but noted that Gross' book impels Poland to confront its past. In response to Wiesel's review, Polish-Jewish journalist
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64:("Fear: Anti-Semitism in Poland shortly after the war: the history of a moral fall"). In the book, Gross explores the issues concerning incidents of
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in Poland. The fear of punishment for their own crimes, according to Gross, was what drove them to continue attacking Jews after the war. Historian
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had begun, but described the book as unfairly depicting the country as anti-Semitic thus "harming our goal of reconciliation."
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that the book "should inspire a national reflection on why there are scarcely any Jews left in Poland. According to
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that allowed the case to be made in the first place has been criticized by some as infringing upon the right to
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Review of: Jan T. Gross, Fear. Anti-Semitism in Poland after
Auschwitz: An Essay in Historical Interpretation.
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meanness. A bandit doesn't attack someone who is stronger, like military troops, but where he sees weakness."
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has received international attention and reviews in major newspapers; receiving both praise and criticism.
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333:(2001), in which Gross posited a continuity in the actions of a community of people over generations, in
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of 1944; the Soviet decision to postpone their advance until the German Army had defeated the Polish
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Engel, David (2007). "On
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Engel, David (2007). "On
Continuity and Discontinuity in Polish-Jewish Relations: Observations on
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Sleeping dogs that won't lie: book on Poland's anti-Semitic record triggers fierce controversy.
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Fear: Anti-Semitism in Poland after
Auschwitz: An Essay in Historical Interpretation
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Fear: Anti-Semitism in Poland after
Auschwitz—An Essay in Historical Interpretation
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Fear: Anti-Semitism in Poland after
Auschwitz—An Essay in Historical Interpretation
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The book elicited responses from the modern Polish Jewish community. Polish rabbi
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received positive reviews in several
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New books on afterwar Polish-Jewish relations provoke heated debate in Poland.
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Fear and Slander in Poland. Anti-Semitism Book Could Land Historian in Jail.
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Fear and Slander in Poland. Anti-Semitism Book Could Land Historian in Jail.
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553:, called for a "sincere debate about the dark secrets of the Polish past."
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1097:"Gross to wampir historiografii - interview with historian Janusz Kurtyka"
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The Institute of Historical Research, 2007. Date accessed: 11 August 2008.
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Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland
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Strach: antysemityzm w Polsce tuż po wojnie: historia moralnej zapaści
953:, Washington Post Foreign Service, Friday, January 18, 2008; Page A14
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Chasing Away the Memory of Guilt: The End of Jewish Life in Poland
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309:, the Polish ambassador to the United States, who cited Michnik.
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describes the following quote as a "summation of basic thesis:"
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errors and omissions and that it makes emotive use of political
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People's past has to be reviewed critically on individual basis
1145:"Jan Żaryn: Polacy w "Strachu" - recenzja książki J. T. Grossa"
1028:[Edelman: Everything Gross writes about is true].
1319:"TK: karanie za "pomówienie narodu" - niekonstytucyjne"
652:"Symposium: Analysis of Fear - Summary of the Essay"
1410:"Polish criminal investigation into the book Fear"
1026:"Edelman: Wszystko, o czym pisze Gross, to prawda"
1054:"Gross chce zmusić Polaków do zmiany świadomości"
457:. These authors accused Gross of using imperfect
1352:by Jan T. Gross. New York: Random House, 2006".
1317:Borkowska, Edyta; Krawczyk, Iwona (2008-09-19).
748:by Jan T. Gross. New York: Random House, 2006".
587:struck down that provision as unconstitutional.
418:In a televised discussion with Gross, historian
360:caused controversy and what the German magazine
523:), in which he opposed some opinions of Gross.
728:The Holocaust: Roots, History, and Aftermath.
136:, which resulted in the total destruction of
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159:Gross estimates that approximately 250,000
1285:"Confronting Poland's Anti-Semitic Demons"
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965:"Book on Polish anti-Semitism sparks fury"
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512:as an important publication. Zaremba told
429:has been criticized by historians such as
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327:wrote that, unlike Gross' earlier work
66:post-war anti-Jewish violence in Poland
1305:Nie będzie śledztwa ws. książki Grossa
1242:Zaremba, Marcin (September 18, 2012).
1072:"Thaddeus Radzilowski, Review Of Fear"
1010:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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1095:Piasecki, Konrad (10 January 2008).
152:, knowingly consigning it to Soviet
106:the initial partition of the country
84:Gross begins the English version of
68:, with particular focus on the 1946
323:, Gross built "a meticulous case."
1268:Beylin, Marek (January 13, 2008).
1116:Dariusz Stolam Review of Fear, in
607:Polish Righteous among the Nations
475:, in an interview with journalist
305:printed a letter to the editor by
14:
1478:Books about Jewish Polish history
1463:Religious controversies in Poland
1453:History books about the Holocaust
1232:Network Europe, January 18, 2008.
1209:"Maciej Korkuć about Józef Kuraś"
951:A Scholar's Legal Peril in Poland
790:. The Boston Globe, July 02, 2006
602:Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Poland
473:Institute of National Remembrance
295:wrote in a leading Polish daily,
52:version was published in 2008 by
1473:Princeton University Press books
1283:Beats Pasek (January 23, 2008).
526:In response to the coverage of
124:of Polish Army officers by the
1211:. Tygodnik.onet.pl. 2008-02-27
635:The New York Times Book Review
377:, said he welcomed the debate
278:The New York Times Book Review
1:
1118:The English Historical Review
801:The Killing After The Killing
597:History of the Jews in Poland
1034:(in Polish). 19 January 2008
102:destruction of Poland's Jews
1244:"Polak wszystko przetrzyma"
1120:2007 CXXII(499):1460-1463;
585:Polish Constitutional Court
561:Jewish Historical Institute
88:with a chapter summarizing
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1443:21st-century history books
1287:. Time.com. Archived from
963:Lucas, Ryan (2008-01-24).
570:reviewed accusations that
46:Princeton University Press
1074:. Fear.piastinstitute.org
654:. Fear.piastinstitute.org
385:, a Jewish leader of the
100:, including the physical
16:2006 book by Jan T. Gross
1367:10.1177/0888325407303795
763:10.1177/0888325407303795
287:, reviewing the book in
1458:Controversies in Poland
1056:, 2008-19-1, TVN24, PAP
821:Anti-Semitism in Poland
471:, the president of the
1448:Antisemitism in Poland
1438:2006 non-fiction books
1178:Marek Jan Chodakiewicz
849:(pdf), book review of
455:Marek Jan Chodakiewicz
387:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
210:
28:
1422:Spiegel International
1413:European Jewish Press
1355:East Eur. Polit. Soc.
927:Spiegel International
840:"A Lethal Homecoming"
751:East Eur. Polit. Soc.
731:Westview Press, 2008.
205:
176:who were sent off to
142:abandonment of Poland
24:
1291:on January 27, 2008.
1099:(in Polish). RMF FM.
784:Susan Rubin Suleiman
530:in the Polish daily
439:Thaddeus Radzilowski
405:, secretary to Pope
1424:, January 18, 2008.
1394:, January 24, 2008.
1270:"Jews, Poles, Fear"
1248:Tygodnik Powszechny
1195:, January 11, 2008
929:. January 18, 2008.
908:, January 31, 2008.
826:The Washington Post
805:The Washington Post
713:, January 12, 2008
583:, and in 2008, the
559:, head of Warsaw's
346:Anita J. Prazmowska
321:Deborah E. Lipstadt
303:The Washington Post
289:The Washington Post
254:The Washington Post
178:extermination camps
140:, and finally, the
48:in 2006. An edited
1468:Random House books
1272:. Gazeta Wyborcza.
1187:2011-07-18 at the
1126:10.1093/ehr/cem344
992:on 22 January 2008
886:A. J. Prazmowska.
845:2007-04-21 at the
705:2011-07-18 at the
698:Piotr Gontarczyk,
420:Andrzej Paczkowski
248:The New York Times
168:government, which
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1420:Siobhán Dowling,
1228:Michael Kubicki.
922:Siobhán Dowling.
874:Publishers Weekly
856:Los Angeles Times
838:Thane Rosenbaum,
629:David Margolick.
577:Polish Penal Code
506:Warsaw University
504:, a historian at
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317:Los Angeles Times
260:Los Angeles Times
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191:According to a
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869:Book review
788:Aftershocks
581:free speech
568:prosecutors
557:Feliks Tych
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463:Józef Kuraś
459:methodology
412:Der Spiegel
401:, Cardinal
375:Der Spiegel
363:Der Spiegel
325:David Engel
285:Elie Wiesel
216:version of
201:David Engel
174:Polish Jews
161:Polish Jews
118:Nazi crimes
1432:Categories
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1331:2021-06-11
1215:2013-06-27
1155:2021-06-11
1078:2013-06-27
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971:2013-06-27
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