15 February 2003 anti-war protests

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failure of these demonstrations to achieve their explicit aim. In 2006, three years after the protest day, in an article arguing for people to attend a further march, Mike Marqusee put forward two counter arguments to this. Firstly, he claimed that it was too soon to judge the long-term significance of the demonstrations. As examples, he stated, "People who took part in the non-cooperation campaigns in India in the 20s and 30s had to wait a long time for independence," and "There were eight years of protest and more than 2 million dead before the Vietnam war came to an end". Secondly, he claimed that while the effect of marching may be uncertain, the effect of not marching would make it more likely that the occupation would continue.

625: 33: 1982: 1493: 1454:. As people tried to reach the rally area they ended up constituting an unplanned march, stretching twenty blocks down First Avenue and overflowing onto Second and Third Avenue. In total estimates range from 300,000 to 400,000 protesters (WSWS estimate). The protests were largely peaceful though a small group of protesters who were reported to have broken off from the main rally, caused damage to property in 670:. The size of the demonstration meant that the majority of demonstrators did not make it into the final rally and in total three million people (organisers' estimate, supported by the Guinness Book of World Records) were on the streets. This was listed in the 2004 Guinness Book of World Records as the largest anti-war rally in history. According to the 1631:. They initially had some problems getting permission for the action, but on the Thursday before, a U.S. District court ruled that the planned nude protest was legal at the public beach. Most of the attendees had come from the four-day Mid-Winter Naturist Festival that was taking place at the same time. There was also a demonstration of 900 people ( 1934:. The protest started with a rally at Ma-ron-i-ea Park after which there was a demonstration that ended in Jong-Myo Park were the size of the protest increased in size to 3,000 people (WSWS estimate). Jong-Myo Park was surrounded by riot police who almost out numbered the protesters. Protests also took place in the South Korean cities of 1398: 951: 1564:

due to his support for the existence of the Israeli state. The organisers responded with a statement that he was not picked because of an arrangement between the groups that organised the demonstration that there would be no speakers that had publicly attacked any other anti-war group and that "since

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online magazine in October 2012. "So if people imagine one demonstration is going to change everything of course that's wrong, but demos, protests, social organisation, trade union organisation, political organisation – all these things are part of the process by which things are going

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A sole person demonstrated in opposition to the march outside the Iraqi section of the Jordanian Embassy on the day – Jacques More a writer from Croydon – with a placard saying that, although a last resort, war is necessary "[w]hen evil dictators rule and murder

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estimate) to 20,000 protesters (WSWS estimate) joined a demonstration march which started at 10 in the morning on Keizersgracht road and ended at the offices of the US consulate-general which was guarded by a ring of riot police, where there was a rally with speakers. Protests were organised by the

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suggests that "the Arab governments allow little room for independent dissent" as is shown by the fact that "Since 2000, demands for collective protests against the US and Israel have been ignored by the authorities" and "unofficial street actions have faced intimidation and assault, with activists

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was critical of his absence from the planned speaker list. There had been some controversy within the StWC over allowing Kennedy to speak since his party was committed to opposing the war only in the absence of a second UN resolution, but the coalition decided that failing to invite him "would have

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were specially chartered to bring people to the demonstration, which was organised under the slogan "Stop the war; no ifs or buts". The organisers were shocked at the size of the turn out and the unexpected number of people forced the demonstration to set off two hours early. 650,000 people (police

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and protesters were stuck for hours at Gower Street and the Embankment, the two starting points for the march. The police began the march earlier than intended on safety grounds because of the number of people who had arrived in central London. Hundreds of coaches brought protesters from 250 towns

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Her view was borne out as the day of protests, along with the protests that followed it, failed to stop the war. However, the protests and other public opposition were seen as a key factor in the decisions of the governments of many countries, such as Canada, to not send troops to Iraq, and of

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to allow the event to take place, condemning what he claimed were attempts to "stifle all opposition to warmonger Blair". The Labour Party was unsuccessful in blocking the demonstrators' plans. Tony Blair was due to give a speech at the same time as the protesters would have arrived outside the

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Though demonstrations against the Iraq war and subsequent occupation continued, none of the demonstrations through to 2011 matched the 15 February protest in terms of size. One suggested explanation for this is that people became disillusioned with marching as a political tactic because of the

210:. The decision was taken to set up a Europe-wide anti-war website and to commit to spreading organisational coordination both within and beyond Europe. An email network connecting the different national organisations across Europe, and eventually also the different US groups, was set up. 505:

In Germany, coaches brought people from over 300 German towns to Berlin to join a demonstration of 300,000 (police estimate) to 500,000 (organizers' estimate) people; the largest demonstration that had occurred in Berlin for several decades. Protesters, including members of

1469:(NYPD) were too heavy-handed. Many streets were blocked off and protesters reported feeling hemmed in and scared. By the end of the day, police reported that there had been roughly 275 arrests; organisers dispute this number, claiming that there were 348 arrests. The local 985:. As the event approached, estimates of the possible number attending rose and in the belief that it would be considerably bigger than the previous demonstrations they had organised Stop agreed with the police for the march to start from two separate locations; 3210: 197:

The proposal was accepted and at the final rally of the ESF, in November 2002, the call officially went out for Europe-wide demonstrations on 15 February 2003. This call was firmed up in December at a planning meeting for the following ESF which took place in

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following a giant blue planet, the emblem adopted by the march organisers. On the day 50,000 people (GLW estimate) turned out to protest under the dual slogan "Stop the war on Iraq; Stop the war on immigrants", more than on the Seattle protests against the

1196:, one of the speakers in February 2003, said at the tenth anniversary: "I didn't quite tell them 'Blair is going to go to war regardless of today' but I knew that". "It was a huge show of anger but that's about it. It left no lasting legacy in my opinion." 1146:

Because of the size of the march, accurate estimates of the number of people in attendance are difficult. It is relatively uncontentious that the march was the largest ever political demonstration in the UK and the biggest taking to the streets since the

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would be Nice). They won 2-0, by the way. One group of SWP stalwarts were joined, for the first march in any of their histories, by their mothers. There were country folk and lecturers, dentists and poulterers, a hairdresser from Cardiff and a poet from

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however many were not able to reach the rally as those travelling home by coach had to leave before completing the march route. Protesters at the back end of the march did not reach Hyde Park until hours after the speakers and performers had finished.

2339:, claimed that the protests were not representative of public opinion, saying "I don't know that you can measure public opinion just by the number of people that turn up at demonstrations." In the United States, the then National Security Advisor 2709: 1327:

where more than 100,000 people protested (SW and WSWS each estimated 150,000) despite windchill temperatures below −30 °C (−22 °F). 80,000 people joined a demonstration in Toronto, 40,000 in Vancouver, 18,000 (by police estimates) in

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which took place at the end of 2002. European delegates sought to popularize the plan for the increasingly international demonstration. They met with some success, including the organisation of an anti‑war assembly which was attended by almost

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took place on the day before, on Friday morning, heralding the weekend of demonstrations. Protesters handed floral Valentine's Day messages to the representatives of the US, British and Australian governments urging them to avoid the war.

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addressed the crowd, saying, "War is not a solution, war is a problem." Protesters listened to music and speeches before marching to the Czech government building, where they submitted petitions, then march continued to the US embassy.

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The unprecedented size of the demonstrations was widely taken to indicate that the majority of people across the world opposed the war. However, the potential effect of the protests was generally dismissed by pro-war politicians. The

676:(GLW), the demonstration contained people from across Italian society; "Catholic nuns and priests marched alongside young people with dreadlocks, nose rings and Palestinian scarves. Christians, anarchists and communists mingled". 163:

has spoken of the international protests as being organised by the forces of "the Porto Alegre camp in reference to the emergence of global social movements who had been organising around international events such as the 2001

880:, thousands (SW estimate) demonstrated. The local authorities had banned the protest claiming to have worries about national security, however the protest organisers went ahead with the rally under the cover of calling a 1062:(Stop) claimed the protest in London was the largest political demonstration in the city's history. Police estimated attendance as well in excess of 750,000 people and the BBC estimated that around a million attended. 1431:

On that day, over 300 buses and four special trains brought protesters in from across the country. BBC estimates that 100,000 protesters took part in a rally near the UN headquarters. Among those taking part was the

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photographic investigation estimated that the number in attendance at the peak period was closer to 65,000 people, although it did not state how many people were in attendance for the duration of the demonstration.

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Demonstrations took place across Europe and some of the largest drawing attendance figures in the tens of thousands in many cities. Approximately one-fifth of the total demonstrators worldwide protested in Europe.

1258:. By the time the front of the march had travelled the 2 miles (3.2 km) to the SECC, Blair had delivered his speech and had left the area. One protester was quoted as saying "We've chased him out of town." 1771:, which borders Iraq. Protesters chanted anti-U.S. and anti-Israeli slogans while marching to the "People's Assembly" in a demonstration of between 10,000 (GLW estimate) to 200,000 protesters (CBS estimate and 4515: 982: 194:, "There was considerable controversy. Some delegates were worried it would alienate the mainstream of the movement. We, alongside the Italian delegates, had to put up a strong fight to get it accepted." 746:, Poland of 10,000 people (SW estimate). The demonstration through central Warsaw passed the US embassy. Another protest, organized by the local Wrocław Anti-War Coalition (WKA), was held in the city of 526:

was reported as praising the broadness of the demonstration, saying "The churches and trade unions have linked to make the coalition far broader than even the anti-nuclear missile marches in the 1980s."

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were among many speakers from the platform. The march disrupted traffic for more than four hours. Protesters demanded that the Irish government stop allowing the United States military to use Ireland's

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populations, in particular the countries of the West Asia, had the highest levels of opposition to the proposed Iraq war, however demonstrations in many of these countries were relatively small. One

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RadioVague in conjunction with the now defunct CableRadio broadcast speeches, music and interviews from the event to the internet throughout the day using a satellite uplink provided by Psand.net.

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community email newsletters, his inclusion in the program would violate [this] agreement." They also noted that two rabbis with views similar to those of Michael Lerner would be speaking.

2081:, with 200,000 (BBC estimate) to 250,000 (Sydney Morning Herald estimate) demonstrating in Sydney. Across the six state capitals an estimated 600,000 demonstrated in cities around the country. 2378:

Despite failing in its explicit aim, the 15 February global day of anti-war protests had many effects that, according to some, were not directly intended. According to United Kingdom left-wing

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The 15 February international protests were unprecedented not only in terms of the size of the demonstrations but also in terms of the international coordination involved. Researchers from the

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On the Saturday protests also took place in Australia's national capital (Canberra), with 20,000 protesters. The Sydney demonstration on Sunday 16 February included a feeder march of 10,000

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that had begun in 2002 and continued as the invasion, war, and occupation took place. The day was described by social movement researchers as "the largest protest event in human history".

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was holding a conference for party members. The Labour Party requested that the SECC refuse permission for a stage and PA system outside the conference hall. In response to this the then

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several kilometres away. In Wellington the march had to carry on after the then planned end point as there were too many people to fit into the park. Around 400 to 500 people marched in

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A CNN journalist reported that the crowd was diverse, including "older men and women in fur coats, parents with young children, military veterans and veterans of the anti-war movement."

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As the date for the march approached the BBC was predicting that around 500,000 people would attend, while StWC was hoping for numbers to top the symbolically significant million mark.

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led with the statement: "The people of the world and more than one million Europeans demonstrate against an attack on Iraq while the Arab people and their leaders are in a deep coma."

5506: 1162:(14 February 2003 – 16 February 2003), 6% of people claimed that someone from their household went on the march or had intended to. The Stop claims that this translates into 1.25 1723:

The reasons for this are no doubt complex, but one factor that is commonly cited is the suppression of protest movements by the conservative leaders of those countries. A report by

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produced a short video claiming to show inappropriate and violent police behavior, including backing horses into demonstrators, shoving people into the metal barricades, spraying a

5362: 4755: 5337: 3463: 1199:"One demonstration never overturned government policy overnight – or very rarely – and on something as strategic and massive as that", commented 5191: 1371: 2295:. There were also protests in at least 18 other centres, including Dunedin, Thames, Opotiki, Whakatane, Whangarei, Timaru and Rotorua, and Picnic for Peace in Christchurch. 4251: 5277: 1433: 1425: 1091:... There were nuns. Toddlers. Women barristers. The Eton George Orwell Society. Archaeologists Against War. Walthamstow Catholic Church, the Swaffham Women's Choir and 222: 2347:

Turkey to deny coalition use of airbases in its territory. The protests have also been cited as a factor strengthening the hand of the "uncommitted six" members of the

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spoke from the platform at the end rally saying "If President Bush and Mr Blair want war, it should be war against poverty and for equality." There was also a rally in

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The largest protests took place in the nation's largest cities including Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City, but there were also smaller rallies in towns such as

1358:, 1,500 protested in windchill temperatures of −40 °C (−40 °F) wind-chill temperature in what was one of the coldest marches on that global day of protest. 1070:

and cities across the UK, with around 100 coaches coming from Wales alone. Many commentators noted the diversity of those attending the march. Euan Ferguson noted in

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There were protests in 70 cities in total. These demonstrations took place despite very cold weather, average temperatures were below −35 °C (−31 °F). In

1005: 818:, where between 660,000 (Government source's estimate) and 2,000,000 (GLW estimate) took part in what was probably the biggest demonstration since the death of the 2390:", or a religious war, an idea she claimed was propagated both by Western leaders and reactionary forces in the Arab world. This is echoed in the words of former 1873:, where 5,000 (SW estimate) people marched. However, there was a demonstration of 25,000 in Tokyo on Friday, the day before as well as smaller demonstrations in 5206: 2263:

around 2,500 people (SW estimate) joined a rally at the towns sports ground. As well as hearing from speakers, the demonstrators were entertained by a group of

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countries claimed that less than 10% would support an invasion of Iraq without UN sanction and that half would not support an invasion under any circumstances.

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was reported as saying that the protests would "not affect [the administration's] determination to confront Saddam Hussein and help the Iraqi people".

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ruled against allowing the route. Instead, protesters were only permitted to hold a stationary rally. According to Donna Lieberman, executive director of the

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Approximately 1,000 demonstrated (SW estimate) in Malta. The weather was cold and rainy. After the demonstration an anti-war concert was held in the capital,

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On 15 February 2003, a coordinated day of protests was held across the world in which people in more than 600 cities expressed opposition to the imminent

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organiser Hadiya Masieh who said of the non-Muslims marching in London "How could we demonise people who obviously opposed aggression against Muslims?".

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countries had large demonstrations for their total population size. In Belgium organisers had expected around 30,000 people to attend a demonstration in

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gave large coverage in the lead up to the march and provided thousands of placards on the day. The demonstration also received sponsorship support from

1424:, as marching and parading through streets to express various points-of-view is "a time-honoured tradition in our country that lies at the core of the 5656: 5347: 5159: 1882: 579:

march was only expected to draw 20,000 people, but the actual figure was given variously as 80,000 (police estimate), 90,000 (BBC estimate), 100,000 (

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estimate); the organisers estimated that over half a million marched in total. The biggest demonstration took place in Paris, where around 100,000 (

539:, Greece, 150,000 people (WSWS estimate) demonstrated. The protest was generally peaceful, but a small group clashed with police. The police fired 5450: 5379: 3648: 713: 700:

were more than 60,000 protesters (Police estimate and Socialist Worker estimate) joining a demonstration. Protests of around 15,000 took place in

3879: 2476: 860:(GLW estimate) and 100,000 in Cadiz' (GLW estimate) as well as over fifty other towns and cities across the country (WSWS estimate). The city of 2693: 5675: 5492: 5425: 4977: 4891: 4173: 2642: 2003: 650: 1756:

rifles—joined in the global protests. Unlike the vast majority of protests across the world the protest in Baghdad was also in support of the

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At a demonstration in Los Angeles, California, 50,000 (WSWS estimate) to 60,000 (GLW estimate) protesters (CNN said "thousands") marched down

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substance at penned-in demonstrators, using abusive language, and raising nightsticks against some who couldn't move. However, NYPD spokesman

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In addition to the demonstrations in England, the United Kingdom also saw protests in Scotland. Anti-war activists planned a demonstration in

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not being selected as a speaker for the rally at the end of the demonstration. Lerner claimed that he was not picked to speak for reasons of

762:, police estimated that around 35,000 people gathered to march through the city. Three former Portuguese prime ministers were in attendance. 225:(which came out of the Cairo conference) sought to co-ordinate more demonstrations across the world. Around this time, the US anti-war group 119:

The proposed war was controversial with many people questioning the motives of the US government and its rationale. One poll which covered 41

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The February 15 Worldwide Protests against a War in Iraq: An Empirical Test of Transnational Opportunities. Outline of a Research Programme.

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million households and thus supports the estimate of two million people, assuming that more than one person could come from each household.

5430: 5283: 5235: 4213: 2840: 2758: 2666: 269:. In Switzerland in order to "concentrate the movement" most activists agreed to organise a single demonstration for the whole country in 5579: 5574: 5559: 3943: 1961:, China, three protests were held the following day, attended by about 450 people in total, including foreigners and domestic students. 1481:

denied the charges claiming that the tape was "filled with special effects" and that it did not prove the police had not been provoked.

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Small protests took place across Japan mostly being held outside US military bases. The biggest demonstration of the day took place in

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village where they watched other demonstrations occurring across the world on a giant screen. The demonstration was mostly attended by

5534: 5460: 5440: 5026: 4922: 4568: 1842: 1610: 1406: 1295: 1291: 1138:, was a late addition to the list of speakers. There was some media speculation that he only decided to speak after a lead article in 232:

Another important platform for the spreading call to demonstrate internationally occurred at the World Social Forum in Porto Alegre,

183:(GR) in the wake of an anti-war demonstration in Britain of 400,000 on 28 September. At the time GR was involved in planning for the 5564: 5554: 5544: 5288: 4952: 4610: 4497: 3374: 2605: 1234: 1065:

The weather, on the day of the protest was grey and cold, but reports noted that people remained "in high spirits" as London became

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and batons. 34 were arrested on failure to disperse and other charges and at least two protesters had to have hospital treatment.

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At the time, many commentators were hopeful that this global mobilization of unprecedented scale would stop the coming Iraq war.

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despite police warnings that any participants in a protest would face stern action. The demonstration ended at the US embassy at

971: 300:, supported by the mayor Danica Simšič, and marched the streets in one of the largest demonstrations since independence in 1991. 248:, had a music video filmed on the day of the protest, showing the many protest locations and people's opinions on the Iraq War. 5584: 5569: 5539: 5529: 4740: 4735: 2348: 1466: 1386: 97: 4502: 3926: 5715: 5710: 5315: 4655: 4605: 4485: 3362: 2621: 2432: 1830: 1826: 1148: 126: 4022: 2398: 1786:. However, the protest ended early when it rained heavily. There were also demonstrations of 5,000 people (GLW estimate) in 1282:

divide joined the demonstration. The march started at the Arts College at 14:30 and moved through that Royal Avenue towards

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In Russia, which had several demonstrations, the largest occurred in Moscow, with 400 people (WSWS estimate) in attendance.

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The largest protests took place in Europe. The one in Rome involved around three million people, and is listed in the 2004

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regime; it was called by Saddam Hussein as "World Anger Day". Protesters carried posters of Saddam and burned US flags.

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estimate) joined a demonstration which ended with a rally at a heavily guarded US embassy. Among the demonstrators was

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60,000–200,000 protesters of various ages demonstrated in San Francisco, (accounts vary as to the total number present)

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In the lead-up to 15 February, the Stop the War Coalition was organising the march from a small office donated by the

113: 3523: 2484:. Social Movements, Protest, and Contention. Vol. 33. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. xiii. 1978:

and marched, stopping at the U.S. Consulate General where riot police formed a protective chain around the entrance.

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to be 150,000 people, while protest organisers and police agreed that the crowd count was 200,000 people. However, a

712:. Small protests also took place in at least 30 towns across the country. At the rally in Oslo the vice-chair of the 5473: 5320: 5298: 4997: 4957: 4675: 4595: 4294: 2256: 2164: 2132: 1586: 1333: 857: 734:, Finland, an estimated 15,000 people participated in one of the largest mass-protests in the republic's history. 636:

The biggest demonstration of the global day of protest took place in Italy in Rome. Nearly 3,000 buses and thirty

5690: 5372: 5325: 5293: 4987: 4932: 2332: 2168: 2124: 2021: 1878: 1818: 1534: 214: 624: 320:. They were shocked by a turn out of approximately 100,000 people (WSWS and GLW estimate). The march took over 3 5730: 5635: 5248: 5181: 5051: 5031: 5014: 4670: 4524: 2160: 2152: 2144: 1930:

In South Korea, there was a demonstration of 2,000 people (WSWS estimate) which took place in the capital city

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claim that the day was possible only because it "was carefully planned by an international network of national

89: 64: 3747: 3262: 3168: 3147: 2723: 55:, between six and ten million people took part in protests in up to sixty countries over the weekend of 15 and 4917: 719:

In Denmark 20,000 to 30,000 protesters (WSWS estimate) took part in a march in the capital city, Copenhagen.

5725: 5705: 5241: 4927: 4730: 4660: 4503:

Archived copy of United for Peace and Justice's organizing webpage for the February 15, 2003, demonstrations

4384: 3910: 2287:. People were reported to be still starting the march as those at the front of the march reached a rally in 2176: 2103: 1455: 950: 833: 5695: 5685: 5599: 5589: 5218: 5212: 5041: 4942: 4625: 4561: 3906: 2387: 2284: 2172: 1557: 1135: 1059: 963: 657: 604: 588: 352: 69: 4532: 3236: 277:, the seat of the Swiss federal government and parliament. The demonstration, which ran under the slogan 5720: 5594: 5186: 5036: 4801: 2407: 2292: 2275:

The first actual demonstration of the day took place in New Zealand where 10,000 people demonstrated in

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in 2003. This meeting was attended by delegates from many European anti-war organisations, the US group

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for those travelling in from the midlands and the north. They planned for the two marches to merge at

523: 5056: 4967: 4461: 4336: 2965: 2690: 2288: 2193: 1716: 1711: 1616:

Demonstrations also took place in Philadelphia, where thousands (CNN estimate) joined a march to the

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began to argue for the necessity of invading Iraq. This formally began with a speech by US President

4206:"Melbourne Anti-war Protest for Peace and Against war on Iraq - 14 February 2003 - Photos" 2650: 2594: 1188:

activist, told Sinclair that despite its size "it did absolutely nothing". Other witnesses, such as

80:, three smaller protests were held the following day, attended by foreigners and domestic students. 5620: 5415: 5389: 5129: 5114: 5109: 5099: 5066: 4856: 4851: 4789: 3576: 3572: 2791: 2201: 1656: 1628: 1594: 1501: 1478: 1409:. However, a week before the march, police claimed that they would not be able to ensure order and 1241: 666: 572: 507: 431: 317: 130: 32: 4268: 3787: 1582:

In Austin, Texas, 10,000 protestors marched down Congress Avenue from the state capitol building.

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estimate) to 200,000 (WSWS estimate) people marched through the streets, ending in a rally at the

285:(No to war in Iraq – no blood for oil!) was the largest in Switzerland since 1945. 17: 5175: 5149: 5104: 4937: 4896: 4816: 3771: 2503: 2420: 2095: 2044:

was attacked by police who beat the protesters with batons and truncheons, injuring at least 20.

1999: 1846: 1728: 1571: 1355: 1337: 608: 587:(SW) estimate). The march went from Parnell Square, passing the Department of Foreign Affairs at 165: 2028:

addressed the protesters saying; "We will stop the war. The voice of the people will be heard."

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estimate) took place in a final rally at which there were many international speakers including

4205: 3800: 3604: 2848: 2766: 2663: 1981: 802:. The atmosphere of the protest was described as "strongly anti-American and anti-government." 141:

anti‑war protests, the demonstrations on 15 February 2003 being the largest and most prolific.

5435: 4821: 4600: 4577: 4554: 4493: 4185: 3951: 3531: 3370: 3328: 2543:

Together, the February 15 demonstrations were the largest protest event in human history.

2519: 2511: 2493: 2485: 2324: 2197: 1652: 1576: 1492: 1283: 1227: 1192:, are of the opposite opinion: "We achieved a lot, and a hell of a lot more than we realise". 1096: 1092: 1016: 998: 994: 986: 672: 629: 490: 3959: 2804: 5445: 5169: 5124: 5002: 4796: 4779: 4715: 4695: 4690: 4635: 4340: 3130: 3101: 2451: 2440: 2340: 1974:

In Johannesburg, around 8,000-10,000 people joined in a colorful and peaceful protest. They

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insisted it was of insufficient size. The government's decision was reversed by 5 February.

1020: 881: 825: 696:

Norway saw its biggest series of protests since 1917. The biggest took place in its capital

584: 511: 245: 101: 4096: 4055: 4038: 4007: 3421: 3075: 3004: 716:(LO) spoke from the platform claiming that "Bush only cares about American oil interests". 4705: 4536: 4026: 3996: 3930: 3883: 3846: 3670: 3652: 3396: 3333: 3294: 3175: 2922: 2868: 2786: 2728: 2697: 2670: 2629: 2304: 2260: 2078: 1901: 1421: 1143:

been divisive for the movement and would have fragmented anti-war opposition to the war."

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Photos show 65,000 at peak of S.F. rally Aerial study casts doubt on estimates of 200,000

1671:, where their protest took place on 14 February. An estimated 70,000 people marched down 966:(STWC), which had previously arranged a series of demonstrations and rallies against the 4227: 3894: 3858: 3824: 2915: 1647:

The chief demonstration in Mexico took place in Mexico City where around 10,000 people (

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on the Saturday but they changed to the Sunday in order not to conflict with the city's

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singers called 'The Bushbombs'. The rally was about as large as the town's population.

2239: 1870: 1605: 1441: 1237: 782:, where there was a demonstration of 200 people (WSWS estimate) in the capital city of 701: 642: 493:

was considered to give it a historical significance. There was also a demonstration in

109: 105: 93: 4405: 4146: 4121: 3984: 3839: 2861: 2779: 2386:, one of these was that they were a powerful antidote to the idea that the war was a " 1420:, judicial denial of a permit for a protest march was an unprecedented restriction of 1323:

Canada saw protests in 70 cities and towns (WSWS estimate). The biggest took place in

5669: 5201: 5139: 5119: 5046: 5021: 4826: 4380: 3620: 2710:

Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Anti-war/An Empirical Test of Transnational Opportunities

2248: 2226: 1857:. The demonstration was coordinated with a similar demonstration which took place in 1695: 1522: 1255: 1124: 1112: 1105: 661: 596: 439: 297: 191: 3694: 1809:

estimate) to 3,000 people (GLW and WSWS estimate). The demonstration contained both

1245:

conference centre, but the speech was rescheduled to an earlier time to avoid this.

1111:

Protesters who managed to reach Hyde Park in time heard various speakers, including

175:

The idea for an international day of demonstrations was first raised by the British

5154: 4992: 4846: 4784: 4750: 4720: 3922: 2472: 2383: 2025: 2014: 1897: 1687: 1617: 1590: 1566: 1561: 1509: 1505: 1451: 1250: 1200: 1181: 1177: 1155: 1072: 1035: 1008: 646: 544: 459: 427: 404: 333: 226: 169: 4326:(requires purchase to access), The New York Times, Patrick Tyler, 17 February 2003 4069: 2507: 1440:. Speakers included politicians, church leaders and entertainers, such as actress 1287: 814:

cities and towns across the country; the largest was probably in the capital city

379:

where 10,000 people (WSWS estimate) took part in a protest in the capital city of

190:(ESF) and brought up the suggestion at an ESF planning meeting. According to GR's 4108: 4019: 3849:, Julia Vitullo-Martin, Gotham Gazette; New York city news and policy, March 2003 3407: 2327:

on the planet – the United States, and worldwide public opinion".

2024:

politicians attended marches. At the Cape Town rally the South African Minister,

5484: 5164: 4901: 4866: 4831: 4811: 4725: 3196: 2624: 2560: 2336: 2184: 2084:

Beyond the capitals, many major cities and towns around Australia had protests.

1838: 1834: 1694:, an estimate of 50,000 protesters attended which included some veterans of the 1636: 1517: 1307: 1299: 1205: 434:. Enduring heavy rain protesters briefly blocked the base. They then marched to 337: 229:

called for actions in North America supporting the proposed protests in Europe.

207: 4541: 3286: 1908:

had a protest of more than 2,000 people (WSWS estimate) in the capital city of

5196: 5008: 4886: 4871: 4861: 4680: 4546: 4406:

Global and local echoes of the anti-war movement: a British Muslim perspective

3385: 2523: 2280: 2264: 2180: 2156: 2111: 1920: 1724: 1672: 1513: 1448: 1223: 1044: 1040: 799: 747: 727: 592: 548: 455: 400: 341: 199: 3955: 3535: 1530:... there is only one guy that can do that and he lives in the White House". 5134: 4620: 4525:

Over 200 Pictures from 133 Protests around the World on February 15/16, 2003

4475: 3632: 3592: 3496: 3449: 3324: 2140: 2107: 2091: 2071: 1990: 1975: 1850: 1691: 1279: 1193: 1189: 1120: 1085: 970:

and the upcoming Iraq war, jointly called the London demonstration with the

897: 829: 723: 709: 705: 481: 408: 329: 293: 265:

In Austria, 30,000 people (SW estimate) took to the streets of its capital,

616:

as a transatlantic stop-off point in bringing soldiers to the Middle East.

3017: 2283:. The Auckland march was bigger than expected, forcing police to shut off 750:

in the market square by the town hall, with 400–500 people participating.

5223: 4876: 4070:"South Africa: Anti-War Marches in Four Cities, SA Sends Mission to Iraq" 3923:

Statement From Feb. 16 Anti-War Coalitions Regarding Rabbi Michael Lerner

3682: 3389: 2565: 2379: 2368: 2356: 2308: 2276: 2148: 2128: 2120: 1916: 1915:

India saw protests across the country including 10,000 (BBC estimate) in

1893: 1858: 1802: 1764: 1757: 1744:, the country in which the war would take place, protesters marched down 1445: 1329: 1324: 1185: 1066: 909: 901: 893: 877: 840:) or 1,500,000 (GLW) people joining a demonstration which moved from the 822: 795: 783: 731: 685: 654: 560: 540: 494: 313: 289: 184: 52: 1782:, 10,000 protesters (CBS, GLW estimate) took part in a demonstration in 1458:, and threw stones at police officers, which resulted in forty arrests. 4469: 3972: 3522:

Syalm, Rajeev; Alderson, Andrew; Milner, Catherine (16 February 2003).

2871:, GSoA, not in English, used as reference for Switzerland demonstration 2489: 2230: 2218: 2210: 2037: 1958: 1947: 1779: 1749: 1668: 1624: 1601: 1401:

NYPD officers advance on protesters during a brief outbreak of violence

1349: 1271: 1219: 921: 905: 853: 819: 600: 388: 376: 360: 309: 77: 4392: 1604:, organisers aimed to have 20 to 30 thousand people join a march from 1533:

Other activists in California originally planned to hold a protest in

1397: 273:. On the day roughly 40,000 people joined the protest in front of the 129:

worldwide organised public protests. According to the French academic

27:

Coordinated day of protests in over 600 cities against the War in Iraq

5144: 5094: 4841: 4771: 4530:

15feb2003.co.uk: Archived interviews from London on February 15, 2003

2364: 2352: 2214: 2074:, where around 150,000 people (BBC estimate) joined a demonstration. 2010: 1943: 1909: 1905: 1854: 1798: 1791: 1783: 1707: 1341: 1004:

The negotiations for this plan faltered when the Labour government's

955: 889: 873: 861: 815: 779: 759: 743: 576: 536: 419: 384: 380: 364: 356: 266: 233: 72:

in history. Madrid hosted the second largest rally with more than 1.5

4302: 4122:"BBC NEWS | World | Europe | Millions join global anti-war protests" 1877:

and other cities. The Tokyo protests contained Japanese veterans of

1405:

Organisers of the New York City protest had hoped to march past the

1344:. Some of the other major centres where protests were held included 1104:

All police leave in the capital was cancelled for the event, though

4458:, documentary film and website about the 15 February 2003 movements 3801:"Cities jammed in worldwide protest of war in Iraq - Feb. 16, 2003" 1620:, and in Chicago, where 10,000 people demonstrated (GLW estimate). 1504:

filling it for four blocks. Amongst the protesters were the actors

4881: 3109:

paper prepared for the Programme on NGOs and Civil Society of the

2515: 2360: 2099: 1980: 1951: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1924: 1874: 1817:. It was organized by a wide range of organizations including the 1810: 1787: 1768: 1753: 1554: 1491: 1474: 1396: 1303: 949: 885: 637: 519: 471:

In France, there were demonstrations in somewhere between twenty (

396: 218: 31: 2454:, in which the music video documented a majority of the protests. 2444:

is set in London on this day, against the backdrop of the protest

1366:

Protests took place all across the United States of America with

856:(GLW estimate) (200,000 Government sources estimate), 100,000 in 4324:

Threats and Responses: News Analysis; A New Power In the Streets

3095:"The Anti-War Movements – Waging Peace on the Brink of War" 2478:

The World Says No to War: Demonstrations against the War on Iraq

2058: 2041: 1814: 1741: 983:

National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education

929: 697: 476: 435: 392: 270: 5488: 4550: 3211:"Helsingin Sanomat Finnish-language archive, February 16, 2003" 2323:

writer Patrick Tyler claimed that they showed that there were "

1541:'s parade. The protest was held on Sunday 16 February. The BBC 4529: 4518: 3722:"Iraq war 10 years on: mass protest that defined a generation" 2701: 2609: 1889: 1370:

reporting that 150 U.S. cities had protests. According to the

1367: 1080:[As well as the] usual suspects – CND, 4301:. International council for peace and justice. Archived from 3005:

Mass demonstrations inaugurate international antiwar movement

1278:

estimate) to 20,000 (SW estimate) protesters from across the

794:

It was estimated that 1,000 people marched in the capital of

340:

reports that 8,000-14,000 people were present at protests in

3663: 2862:

Nein zum Krieg gegen Irak – Kein Blut für Öl!

848:. Spain also had demonstrations of approximately 500,000 in 591:, and on to the Dame Street for a rally where popular Irish 324:

hours to cross the city. The Netherlands saw around 70,000 (

281:

Nein zum Krieg gegen Irak – Kein Blut für Öl!

4453: 4408:, Salma Yaqoob, International Socialist Journal, Issue: 100 454:

In the Czech Republic, over 1,000 people joined a rally at

76:

million people protesting against the invasion of Iraq. In

4482:

Stop the War: The story of Britain's biggest mass movement

4020:

The "Street" and the Politics of Dissent in the Arab World

3464:"Protest has rattled Number 10, say march organisers" 3359:

Stop the War: The story of Britain's biggest mass movement

1023:

was suggested by Jowell as the alternative venue, but the

989:

for Londoners and those travelling in from the south, and

547:. Police reported that the trouble was down to a group of 344:, however they do not provide a citation for this figure. 4109:

Anti-War Marches in Four Cities, SA Sends Mission to Iraq

2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2780:

Organizers of Antiwar Movement Plan to Go Beyond Protests

1095:

Supporters Say Make Love Not War (And a Home Win against

332:. This was the country's largest demonstration since the 137:

million people across the globe took part in almost 3,000

4097:

Tens of thousands march in South Africa against Iraq war

2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2424:, a 2014 documentary film about 15 February 2003 protest 1033:

Sections of the media supported this demonstration. The

426:

estimate) and more than 800 people (SW estimate) at the

3111:

Centre for Applied Studies in International Negotiation

1627:

a small number of protesters staged a naked protest on

1108:

later said that it passed off almost without incident.

2916:

WORLD: Largest coordinated anti-war protest in history

1436:, a group made up of some relatives of victims of the 1184:

of the demonstration. Journalist Ellie Mae O'Hagan, a

864:

had a population of 180,000 and a turnout of 100,000.

359:. This protest spanned the sectarian divide with both 328:

estimate) to 75,000 people (WSWS estimate) protest in

4363:"February 15, 2003: The Day the World Said No to War" 3975:, Larry Neilson, Director's Cut,2/15/03, 10 min, 19MB 4056:

Antiwar marchers defy large police presence in Seoul

3748:"Vindicated Prada-Meinhof: Seumas Milne Interviewed" 3462:

Laville, Sandra; Dutter, Barbie (16 February 2003).

1374:, protests took place in 225 different communities. 1310:

attending by hundreds of protesters (BBC estimate).

5613: 5522: 5398: 5263: 5192:

Non Violent Resistance (psychological intervention)

5087: 4910: 4764: 4588: 4172:Connolly, Sean Nicholls, Ellen (14 February 2019). 3942:Stanley, Dick; Polanco, Monica (16 February 2003). 3673:

Archived site of internet broadcasts from Hyde Park

2009:Protests of thousands of people also took place at 1667:Protests took place across South America including 928:estimate) joined a "Rock against the war" rally in 4756:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom 4421:"Renouncing Islamism: To the brink and back again" 4419: 2841:"Voices from the world's biggest anti-war protest" 1763:A large protest also took place on the streets of 1683:was attended by 1,500 marchers (Police estimate). 978:joined the Stop the War Coalition for this event. 4516:Cities jammed in worldwide protest of war in Iraq 4174:"From the Archives: Sydney protests the Iraq War" 3307:"ABC - Últimas noticias de España y el mundo hoy" 3076:Cities jammed in worldwide protest of war in Iraq 2925:, Norm Dixon, Green Left Weekly, 19 February 2003 2847:. No. 1839. 22 February 2003. Archived from 1248:On the day around 50,000 people according to the 223:International Campaign Against Aggression on Iraq 4008:Reports on February 14-16 antiwar demonstrations 3144:"Guinness World Records, Largest Anti-War Rally" 510:'s government, filled the boulevard between the 3985:Florida Protesters Bare All Against War in Iraq 3746:Kennedy, Joe; Milne, Seumas (21 October 2012). 3422:"Jowell lifts her ban on Hyde Park peace rally" 2036:A protest of around 3,000 (SW estimate) in the 1078: 1006:Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport 660:who addressed the crowd from a stage hung with 551:who had split off from the main demonstration. 3189:"Göteborg: 25 000 demonstrerade för fred" 2606:President Bush's address to the United Nations 1516:. Martin Sheen, who at the time was playing a 5500: 5207:Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces 4562: 4029:, Asef Bayat, Middle east report, Spring 2003 3491: 3489: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 2805:Anti-war demonstrators rally around the world 2435:- largest worldwide climate strike in history 1019:for safety reasons and to protect the grass. 832:also had a large, with estimates of 350,000 ( 8: 4190:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3287:http://es.news.yahoo.com/030215/4/2jpbr.html 1888:Around 3,000 people (SW estimate) joined an 1752:where several thousand Iraqis—many carrying 279: 4542:Sound montage from London February 15, 2003 4295:"Unprecedented worldwide actions for peace" 4051: 4049: 4047: 3871: 3869: 3867: 2685: 2683: 2307:held a rally on the ice at the edge of the 100:on 12 September 2002 which argued that the 5507: 5493: 5485: 4569: 4555: 4547: 4068:Quist-Arcton, Ofeibea (18 February 2003). 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 2835: 2833: 2759:"The day the world said no to war on Iraq" 2722:Wallerstein, Immanuel (July–August 2003). 2555: 2553: 2551: 1679:18. In Brazil, a protest led by President 563:, Hungary, of 60,000 people (SW estimate) 543:at the group some of whom threw rocks and 5657:List of veterans critical of the Iraq War 5160:Global Day of Action on Military Spending 3835: 3833: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 2911: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 1883:atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1526:, said that "None of us can stop this war 1224:Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre 336:campaigns of the 1980s. Anti war website 206:, and representatives of groups from the 133:, between 3 January and 12 April 2003, 36 3146:. Guinness World Records. Archived from 3000: 2998: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2561:"Millions join global anti-war protests" 2406:was influenced by his opposition to the 1912:under the slogan of "No Blood for Oil". 1298:joined the protest. Sinn Féin president 778:Small demonstrations also took place in 623: 4269:"10 million join world protest rallies" 3944:"Thousands in Austin rally against war" 3623:, Nyta Mann, BBC News, 15 February 2003 3007:, Chris Marsden, WSWS, 17 February 2003 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2966:Anti-war protesters hold global rallies 2596:China Daily report on 31 March protests 2463: 1923:2,000 people joined a demonstration in 1589:, 4,000 protesters were dispersed with 714:Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions 46:series of protests and political events 5681:Anti-war protests in the United States 5605:Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan 4892:Soviet influence on the peace movement 4183: 4147:"Australia launches anti-war protests" 3895:San Francisco ends world peace rallies 3178:, Guinness Book of world records, 2004 3018:"February 2003 Antiwar Demonstrations" 2664:Anti-war protests do make a difference 2590: 2588: 2573:from the original on 21 September 2019 2004:Congress of South African Trade Unions 836:), 1,300,000 (Barcelona city hall and 651:American Council of Christian Churches 217:pledged to organize demonstrations in 5079:World March for Peace and Nonviolence 4252:February 15: birth of a mass movement 4099:, Eric Graham, WSWS, 18 February 2003 4092: 4090: 3788:Thousands back Belfast anti-war rally 3720:Barkham, Patrick (15 February 2013). 3542:from the original on 29 February 2016 3261:a.s, Petit Press (17 February 2003). 2689:Stefaan Walgrave and Joris Verhulst, 2002:and the Stop the War campaign of the 1845:. However, it was boycotted by other 810:Spain saw demonstrations in around 55 116:, and that this necessitated action. 7: 5236:Third Party Non-violent Intervention 3772:The day the clans gathered to say No 3263:"Bratislava joins anti-war protests" 1829:, the Independent Media Center, the 1434:9/11 Families For Peaceful Tomorrows 1015:to deny permission for the rally in 884:. There were also demonstrations in 458:Square in Prague. Czech philosopher 422:saw a demonstration of between 500 ( 355:saw around 100 protesters gather in 3840:The Anti-War Protest And The Police 3561:Protesters join huge anti-war march 3408:Anti-war protesters fight rally ban 3051:, Henry McDonald and Nicola Byrne, 2708:5. Retrieved 24 January 2006. (see 1418:New York City Civil Liberties Union 1254:joined the march, which started at 292:, roughly 3,000 people gathered in 5461:Peacebuilding in Jammu and Kashmir 5358:Anti-war protests in Russia (2014) 4646:Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp 4418:Generation, A (16 November 2009). 4216:from the original on 1 March 2012. 3859:New Yorkers join anti-war protests 3195:. 15 February 2003. Archived from 2765:. 22 February 2003. Archived from 1843:Organization for Democratic Action 1611:WTO Ministerial Conference of 1999 1407:headquarters of the United Nations 1292:Social Democratic and Labour Party 920:There was also a demonstration in 722:In Sweden, 35,000 demonstrated in 25: 18:February 15, 2003 anti-war protest 4953:International Day of Non-Violence 4611:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions 4111:, AllAfrica.com, 18 February 2003 3684:BBC News story of the day's event 3633:Million throng for Jubilee finale 3049:Dublin brought to a halt by march 1438:attacks on the World Trade Center 628:A puppet representing Italian PM 5363:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 4267:Vidal, John (13 February 2003). 3876:U.S. sees protests big and small 3593:'Million' march against Iraq war 3573:One million. And still they came 3450:Peace march 'to attract 500,000' 3420:Smith, Lewis (5 February 2003). 2303:A group of scientists at the US 1553:There was some controversy over 972:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 632:during the demonstration in Rome 4736:Social Democratic Party (Japan) 4432:from the original on 1 May 2022 4255:Socialist Worker Monthly Review 3524:"One million march against war" 3497:"Anti-war rally makes its mark" 2408:United States' invasion of Iraq 2349:United Nations Security Council 1467:New York City Police Department 997:and then proceed to a rally at 383:. Croatia also saw protests in 112:(UN) resolutions, primarily on 98:United Nations General Assembly 5545:Port of Oakland, April 7, 2003 4656:List of pacifist organisations 3701:. No. 2554. February 2013 3093:Simonson, Karin (March 2003). 2712:for permission to quote paper) 2450:– a 2003 single by metal band 2433:September 2019 climate strikes 1831:Alternative Information Center 489:. This location's role in the 65:Guinness Book of World Records 1: 5676:Protests against the Iraq War 5516:Protests against the Iraq War 4466:multimedia documentary online 4345:Council for Foreign Relations 4341:"Iraq: U.S.-Turkey Relations" 4228:"Anti-war protests across NZ" 2643:"Iraq Poll 2003, Gallup poll" 2428:Protests against the Iraq War 1801:there was a demonstration in 1732:being harassed or detained". 1286:. Prominent politicians from 976:Muslim Association of Britain 742:There was a demonstration in 559:There was a demonstration in 475:estimate) and eighty cities ( 442:but they were joined by some 5631:Berkeley Marines controversy 5062:World Peace Bell Association 4963:Dialogue Among Civilizations 4666:New Socialist Party of Japan 4651:Iraq War resisters in Canada 4616:Coalition of Women for Peace 4367:Institute for Policy Studies 3897:, BBC News, 17 February 2003 3861:, BBC News, 15 February 2003 3827:, BBC News, 15 February 2003 3790:, BBC News, 15 February 2003 3695:"The march that shook Blair" 3595:, BBC News, 16 February 2003 3563:, BBC News, 15 February 2003 3452:, BBC News, 14 February 2003 2255:At protests in Australia in 2070:Friday also saw protests in 1823:National Democratic Assembly 375:There were also protests in 204:United for Peace and Justice 5646:Lafayette hillside memorial 5230:The whole world is watching 4998:Peace & Love (festival) 4948:Imagine Piano Peace Project 3647:, ICM, 14–16 February 2003 3605:Stopping the war and beyond 3410:, BBC News, 31 January 2003 3289:Spanish Yahoo news article 3131:Massive Anti-War Outpouring 1635:estimate) on the island of 852:(GLW estimate), 250,000 in 316:, which is the home of the 114:weapons of mass destruction 5757: 5353:2011 intervention in Libya 4973:List of places named Peace 4958:International Day of Peace 4676:Peace and conflict studies 4596:Anti-nuclear organizations 3825:US joins anti-war protests 3237:"Global anti-war protests" 1881:and survivors of the 1945 1389:, among scores of others. 872:The main demonstration in 858:Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 649:, a representative of the 145:International coordination 5654: 5469: 4988:Nobel Peace Prize Concert 4983:Mother's Day Proclamation 4933:Dances of Universal Peace 4746:The Women's Peace Crusade 4505:(includes list of cities) 4178:The Sydney Morning Herald 3948:Austin American–Statesman 3651:26 September 2006 at the 2724:"Entering global anarchy" 2704:). Draft paper online. p. 1819:Communist Party of Israel 1706:Areas in Asia with large 1681:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 1565:he had publicly attacked 1518:fictitious U.S. president 1134:, then the leader of the 1011:initially instructed the 497:of around 10,000 people. 215:Cairo Anti-war Conference 5636:Bring Them Home Now Tour 5249:Violence begets violence 5182:Non-aggression principle 5052:The Non-Violence Project 5032:Promoting Enduring Peace 5015:Promoting Enduring Peace 4671:Pacifist Socialist Party 4471:The World Says No to War 4058:, WSWS, 17 February 2003 4010:, WSWS, 21 February 2003 3973:The World Says No to War 3929:10 February 2013 at the 3878:, CNN, 15 February 2003 3470:. London. Archived from 3174:4 September 2004 at the 2867:19 November 2005 at the 2785:14 February 2012 at the 2647:gallup-international.com 2475:(2010). "Introduction". 2145:Forster, New South Wales 1985:Protesters in Cape Town. 1805:of approximately 2,000 ( 1543:estimated the crowd size 1471:Independent Media Center 1372:World Socialist Web Site 1294:(SDLP) and the centrist 1232:Scottish Socialist Party 924:of around 2,000 people ( 90:United States government 68:as the largest anti-war 5741:2003 in Central America 5343:Military action in Iran 4978:Monuments and memorials 4928:Concert Yutel for Peace 4731:React, Include, Recycle 4661:List of peace activists 4626:Conscientious objectors 4521:article. February 2003. 4039:3,000 march in Tel Aviv 3911:San Francisco Chronicle 3845:30 October 2005 at the 3669:1 December 2008 at the 3635:, BBC News, 4 June 2002 3439:(subscription required) 3078:, CNN, 16 February 2003 2696:20 October 2006 at the 1547:San Francisco Chronicle 1240:tabled a motion in the 1082:Socialist Workers Party 522:Germany's spokesperson 5600:Turn Your Back on Bush 5590:European Peace Marches 5550:2005 counter-inaugural 5264:Opposition to specific 5219:Swords to ploughshares 5213:Soldiers are murderers 4606:Anti-war organizations 4025:1 January 2006 at the 3621:A new era of activism? 3293:3 January 2004 at the 3169:Largest anti-war rally 2807:, CNN, 19 January 2003 2388:Clash of Civilizations 2242:(Peace pilgrimage; 20) 2020:A number of prominent 1986: 1497: 1402: 1149:Golden Jubilee weekend 1102: 1060:Stop the War Coalition 964:Stop the War Coalition 959: 834:Delegación de Gobierno 726:. and about 25,000 in 658:conscientious objector 633: 583:estimate) or 150,000 ( 353:Bosnia and Herzegovina 348:Bosnia and Herzegovina 280: 213:In December 2002, the 37: 5716:2003 in South America 5711:2003 in North America 5595:Tent State University 5266:wars or their aspects 5187:Nonviolent resistance 5037:Show of Peace Concert 4802:Anti-nuclear movement 3995:16 April 2005 at the 3395:26 March 2013 at the 2921:13 March 2006 at the 2669:21 March 2006 at the 2183:(February 8; 5,000), 1984: 1892:demonstration in the 1827:Arab Democratic Party 1495: 1400: 1203:in an interview with 953: 627: 244:The song "Boom!", by 188:European Social Forum 151:University of Antwerp 35: 5701:February 2003 events 5575:Port of Tacoma, 2007 5555:March and April 2005 5348:Sri Lankan Civil War 5242:Turn the other cheek 5057:University for Peace 4968:List of peace prizes 4535:24 July 2008 at the 4361:(15 February 2013). 4339:(16 February 2005). 3991:, 15 February 2003. 3925:, 11 February 2003. 3882:7 April 2008 at the 3528:The Sunday Telegraph 3329:"Re-colonizing Iraq" 2569:. 17 February 2003. 2399:Howl's Moving Castle 1712:United Arab Emirates 1461:There were numerous 1379:Gainesville, Georgia 1176:Ten years on writer 954:Anti-war protest in 645:, Iraqi dissidents, 487:Place de la Bastille 227:International ANSWER 181:Globalise Resistance 161:Immanuel Wallerstein 5621:Arlington Southwest 5390:Nuclear disarmament 5373:in Russian Far East 5130:Department of Peace 5115:Counter-recruitment 5110:Conflict resolution 5100:Central Park be-ins 5088:Slogans and tactics 5067:Japanese Peace Bell 4857:Non-interventionism 4852:Modern-war pacifism 4790:Christian anarchism 4395:on 11 January 2011. 3989:The Palm Beach Post 3607:, Matthew Tempest, 3468:The Daily Telegraph 3150:on 4 September 2004 2851:on 19 January 2012. 2792:The Washington Post 2673:, Alex Callinicos, 2653:on 26 January 2009. 2627:, 18 January 2003, 2612:, 12 September 2002 2533:on 15 February 2016 2471:Walgrave, Stefaan; 1865:Other areas in Asia 1502:Hollywood Boulevard 1414:Judge Barbara Jones 1242:Scottish Parliament 1222:which ended at the 1173:their own people". 932:'s central square. 589:St. Stephen's Green 318:European Parliament 296:'s central park of 44:. It was part of a 5736:2003 in Antarctica 5580:September 15, 2007 5560:September 24, 2005 5284:American Civil War 5176:Make love, not war 5150:Economic sanctions 5105:Civil disobedience 4938:Festival for Peace 4911:Media and cultural 4897:Testimony of peace 4817:Christian pacifism 4385:"Reasons to March" 4305:on 16 October 2004 4153:. 14 February 2003 3913:, 21 February 2003 3909:, Wyatt Buchanan, 3778:, 16 February 2003 3645:February 2003 Poll 3611:, 22 December 2003 3583:, 16 February 2003 3503:. 19 February 2003 3474:on 14 January 2013 3217:. 16 February 2003 3107:on 25 March 2009. 3055:, 16 February 2003 2972:, 16 February 2003 2508:10.5749/j.cttts43x 2321:The New York Times 2245:Northern Territory 2000:Anti-War Coalition 1987: 1849:groups, including 1841:movement, and the 1729:Middle East Report 1572:The New York Times 1498: 1444:and South African 1403: 1270:march was held in 1013:Royal Parks agency 960: 634: 609:Michael D. Higgins 166:World Social Forum 38: 5663: 5662: 5641:Camp Casey, Texas 5535:February 15, 2003 5523:One-time protests 5482: 5481: 5385:Military taxation 5255:War tax resisters 4822:Deterrence theory 4601:Anti-war movement 4474:, Larry Neilson, 4383:(16 March 2006). 3327:(May–June 2003). 2789:, Glenn Frankel, 2769:on 21 March 2006. 2499:978-0-8166-5095-8 2236:Western Australia 1653:Nobel Peace Prize 1488:Other U.S. cities 1284:Belfast City Hall 1226:(SECC) where the 1136:Liberal Democrats 995:Piccadilly Circus 987:Thames Embankment 842:Passeig de Gràcia 673:Green Left Weekly 630:Silvio Berlusconi 491:French Revolution 36:Protest in London 16:(Redirected from 5748: 5691:2003 in politics 5614:Ongoing protests 5565:January 27, 2007 5509: 5502: 5495: 5486: 5309:list of protests 5170:Lesson of Munich 5125:Demilitarisation 5003:Peace journalism 4797:Anti-imperialism 4780:Anarcho-pacifism 4716:Peace psychology 4696:Peace conference 4691:Peace commission 4636:Culture of Peace 4571: 4564: 4557: 4548: 4463:15 February 2003 4442: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4423: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4391:. 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London. 3325:Ali, Tariq 3311:Diario ABC 3272:21 October 3246:21 October 3154:11 January 3027:21 October 2524:5559554465 2516:2009046761 2490:B0076HYOWA 2459:References 2299:Antarctica 2289:Myers Park 2281:Wellington 2265:a cappella 2194:Launceston 2181:Wollongong 2167:(20,000), 2157:Kingscliff 2112:Townsville 2088:Queensland 2006:(Cosatu). 1921:Bangladesh 1725:Asef Bayat 1714:newspaper 1675:'s Avenida 1673:Montevideo 1629:Palm Beach 1514:Rob Reiner 1463:complaints 1449:Archbishop 1356:Chicoutimi 1086:anarchists 1067:gridlocked 1045:Mecca-Cola 1041:Greenpeace 800:Bratislava 728:Gothenburg 549:anarchists 456:Jan Palach 342:Luxembourg 275:Bundeshaus 200:Copenhagen 84:Background 5399:Countries 5380:Landmines 5368:in Russia 5326:Criticism 5135:Desertion 4621:Code Pink 4476:QuickTime 4157:4 January 3956:1553-8451 3536:9976-1874 3426:The Times 2970:USA Today 2577:4 January 2410:in 2003. 2382:activist 2257:Bellingen 2202:Devonport 2196:(1,000), 2179:(1,500), 2165:Newcastle 2163:(7,000), 2159:(1,000), 2143:(3,000), 2141:Byron Bay 2135:(3,000), 2133:Bellingen 2123:(5,000), 2108:Toowoomba 2098:(1,000), 2092:Bundaberg 2072:Melbourne 2066:Australia 1995:USA Today 1991:Cape Town 1894:Malaysian 1851:Peace Now 1847:left-wing 1807:USA Today 1773:USA Today 1736:West Asia 1698:of 1982. 1692:Argentina 1655:laureate 1649:USA Today 1633:USA Today 1595:stun guns 1465:that the 1288:Sinn Féin 1280:sectarian 1194:Tariq Ali 1190:Milan Rai 1158:poll for 1151:in 2002. 1121:Tony Benn 1017:Hyde Park 999:Hyde Park 926:USA Today 898:Zonguldak 830:Barcelona 828:in 1975. 724:Stockholm 710:Stavanger 706:Trondheim 482:USA Today 424:USA Today 409:Dubrovnik 330:Amsterdam 326:USA Today 294:Ljubljana 5474:Category 5331:Protests 5321:Iraq War 5224:Teach-in 4877:Pacifism 4578:Anti-war 4533:Archived 4430:Archived 4389:UK Watch 4309:17 April 4299:icpj.org 4279:17 April 4275:. 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