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conducted assassination campaigns and called its assassins "fedai", which originated from "feda," deriving from the first letters of "filiyas elenikis desmos anton" meaning "this is the tie of Greek friendship". However, "feda" also means sacrifice in
Turkish, representing the term's evolution which
326:, inheriting the name of the fighters who actively resisted the Ottoman Empire in the final decades of the nineteenth and early decades of the twentieth centuries. The Fedayeen during this period worked against attempts by the
1288:
546:. The name was chosen to imply a connection with the Palestinian Fedayeen. In July 2003, personnel records for the Fedayeen organization in Iraq were discovered in the basement of the former Fedayeen headquarters in east
1269:
625:
During this time (1948 – c. 1980), the word entered international usage and was frequently used in the Arab media as a synonym for great militancy. In the
Israeli Hebrew press of this time the term (
413:
forces had established numerous military outposts around the canal zone, which many
Egyptians viewed as a violation of their national sovereignty. This opposition was not supported by the
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civilians who voluntarily left their families to form self-defense units in reaction to the mass murder of
Armenians and the pillage of Armenian villages by criminals,
370:
1061:
327:
374:
320:
At the onset of the
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Armenians of Artsakh began forming small detachments of volunteers and often self-described themselves as
946:
558:
occupied the building; after an extensive cataloging process, an operation was conducted in
Baghdad resulting in several individuals being detained.
505:
928:
872:
735:
1307:
889:
497:. Operating between 1971 and 1983, the Fedayeen carried out a number of political assassinations in the course of the struggle against the
335:
691:. Literally, someone who redeems himself by risking or sacrificing his life. The pronunciation varies for the first vowel, for example
618:, these areas, originally destined for a Palestinian state, were under Jordanian and Egyptian occupation, respectively. After Israel's
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402:
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and enemies of Islam. After several successful assassinations it was suppressed in 1956 and several leading members were executed.
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1032:"Which Came First- Terrorism or Occupation - Major Arab Terrorist Attacks against Israelis Prior to the 1967 Six-Day War"
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107:
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in 1946 for the purpose of demanding strict application of the sharia and assassinating those it believed to be
86:
696:
493:-leaning activist group known as the Fedayeen (Fedayân in Persian language) was founded in 1971 and based in
825:
943:
921:
Denial of
Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence Against the Armenians, 1789–2009
471:
445:
93:
619:
498:
233:, which means "sacrifice." It is widely understood as "those willing to sacrifice themselves for God".
580:
567:
162:
term used to refer to various military groups willing to sacrifice themselves for a larger campaign.
75:
414:
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584:
425:
294:
214:
1213:, Cambridge, England, 2004, provides the most up-to-date breakdown of the reasons for the flight
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637:. Since the mid-1960s and the rise of more organized and specific militant groups, such as the
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between the 19th and early 20th centuries. Their ultimate goal was to gain
Armenian autonomy (
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Haya Regev, Dr. Avigail Oren, The operations in the 1950s, University of Tel Aviv, 1995
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309:) depending on their ideology. Some of the key Fedayi figures also participated in the
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448:. They operated secretly and eliminated people who were considered dangerous to the
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in 1955, the
Palestinian fedayeen were incorporated into an Egyptian army unit.
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in order to strike military as well as civilian targets in the aftermath of the
42:
424:
In 1951 "mobs of "irregular self-sacrificers, or fedayeen", some "armed by the
344:
The term has also been used to refer to members of the
Armenian militant group
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came to represent those who swore allegiance to CUP. Within the context of
31:
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944:
http://www.yumuktepe.com/kurtulus-savasinda-icel-dort-ve-besinci-bolum/
641:, the word has fallen out of usage, but not in the historical context.
607:
547:
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890:"Armenia After the Crackdown: Old-Time Warriors Ready to Take a Stand"
428:", attacked British military outposts located in the Suez Canal Zone.
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who would enforce the Central Committee's regime were also known as
1170:
A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism
614:. Prior to Israel's seizure of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the
611:
290:
222:
30:"Fidai" redirects here. For the Palestinian national anthem, see
331:
576:
A demolished Israeli farmhouse, after a fedayeen attack (1956).
436:
Known by the same name, they operated inside the capital city,
36:
421:
groups held broad support among the general public in Egypt.
313:
that commenced during the same period, upon agreement of the
1238:. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1957. p. 289.
633:) had highly negative connotations and was associated with
460:
Two very different groups used the name Fedayeen in recent
583:
are militants of a nationalist orientation from among the
965:
Quicksand: America's Pursuit of Power in the Middle East
587:. The fedayeen made efforts to infiltrate territory in
440:, during the last 15–20 years of the armed struggle in
197:, literally meaning: "those who sacrifice themselves".
1207:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
1004:
A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East
405:, which by then was limited to the region against the
397:
During the 1940s, groups of Egyptian civilians formed
1034:. Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 31 March 2002.
752:"Middle East Glossary - The Israel Project: FEDAYEE"
225:, used the term to refer to his fanatical devotees.
510:
Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1167:
1314:. jafi.org (2005-05-15). Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
1295:. jafi.org (2005-05-15). Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
1267:Which Came First- Terrorism or Occupation – Major
953:KURTULUŞ SAVAŞINDA İÇEL – DÖRT VE BEŞİNCİ BÖLÜM
1109:Aloni, Udi (2011). "Samson the Non-European".
470:has been described as "one of the first real
8:
679:
179:
598:Members of these groups were living in the
340:ethnically cleanse the region of Armenians.
1049:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 171–172.
991:, Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.116
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
923:. Oxford University Press. p. 195.
769:Frischauer, Willi (1970). "Chapter II".
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501:, after which the group was suppressed.
260:, wearing his uniform and medals with a
251:
27:Arabic term for irregular militia troops
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1024:
709:
1276:. Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2010-09-29.
1257:. Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2010-09-29.
1098:. Oxford University Press. p. 92.
1047:The Making of Modern Israel; 1948-1967
794:Daftary, Farhad; Ali-de-Unzaga, Omar.
695:
450:struggle to gain Eritrean independence
715:
713:
700:, hence the transcription difference.
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7:
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909:
554:. At the time of the discovery, the
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1333:. Adl.org. Retrieved on 2010-09-29.
1174:. Oxford University Press. p.
1007:. Taylor and Francis. p. 165.
726:. Oxford University Press. p.
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147:
853:Cromer, Gerald, ed. (2017-11-30).
798:. The Institute of Ismaili Studies
452:, which lasted from 1961 to 1991.
328:Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)
25:
1001:Seddon, David (11 January 2013).
816:Tony Rea and John Wright (1993).
720:Tony Rea and John Wright (1993).
639:Palestine Liberation Organization
506:Iranian People's Fedâi Guerrillas
311:Iranian Constitutional Revolution
888:Atanesian, Grigor (2016-08-05).
213:(c. 1050–1124), who founded the
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1248:1948-1967- Major Terror Attacks
1111:Studies in Gender and Sexuality
773:. The Bodley Head. p. 40.
358:Committee of Union and Progress
52:needs additional citations for
661:Palestinian political violence
1:
369:is often associated with the
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556:Assyrian Democratic Movement
377:irregular forces, known as:
1094:Filiu, Jean-Pierre (2014).
403:British occupation of Egypt
293:gangs, Ottoman forces, and
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1305:Fedayeen Attacks 1951–1956
1286:Remembrance Day Background
1211:Cambridge University Press
697:[feˈdæːʔ,feˈdæːʔi]
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158:"self-sacrificers") is an
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352:Ottoman Empire and Turkey
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1368:Arabic words and phrases
1236:A Soldier with the Arabs
989:A Modern History Of Iran
963:Wawro, Geoffrey (2010).
275:Armenian irregular units
1324:The 1956 Sinai Campaign
1060:Shapira, Anita (2012).
826:Oxford University Press
381:. Those most committed
1166:Byman, Daniel (2011).
1045:Stein, Leslie (2014).
678:Derives from the word
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472:Islamic fundamentalist
401:groups to contest the
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1144:Four Killed In Ambush
865:10.4324/9781351155564
651:Arab–Israeli conflict
620:Operation Black Arrow
593:1948 Arab–Israeli War
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478:". It was founded by
474:organizations in the
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194:[fɪdaːʔɪjuːn]
155:[fɪdaːʔɪjiːn]
987:Abrahamian, Ervand,
581:Palestinian fedayeen
568:Palestinian fedayeen
446:Ethiopian government
61:improve this article
1346:Armenian Fedayeen:
856:Insurgent Terrorism
534:group known as the
526:Beginning in 1995,
415:Egyptian government
301:) or independence (
1363:Arab ethnic groups
1329:2007-10-16 at the
1310:2015-07-15 at the
1291:2014-10-24 at the
1272:2018-11-01 at the
1253:2018-08-22 at the
1149:2020-02-19 at the
949:2021-02-24 at the
758:on April 27, 2012.
606:or in neighboring
585:Palestinian people
578:
426:Muslim Brotherhood
273:also known as the
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215:Order of Assassins
206:Order of Assassins
1373:Islamic terrorism
1232:Glubb, John Bagot
1063:Israel; A History
930:978-0-19-933420-9
917:Göçek, Fatma Müge
874:978-1-351-15556-4
737:978-0-19-917170-5
667:Explanatory notes
229:is the plural of
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562:Palestinians
532:paramilitary
525:
504:In 1979 the
503:
499:Shah of Iran
488:
480:Navab Safavi
476:Muslim world
465:
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444:against the
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371:Late Ottoman
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59:Please help
54:verification
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967:. Penguin.
616:Six-Day War
365:, the term
1357:Categories
1191:14 October
899:2024-02-19
839:019917170X
828:. p.
802:2018-02-05
704:References
689:redemption
656:Mujahideen
600:Gaza Strip
407:Suez Canal
317:leaders.
299:Armenakans
87:newspapers
76:"Fedayeen"
1131:143362550
635:terrorism
627:פַדַאיוּן
604:West Bank
550:near the
484:apostates
383:Unionists
227:Fidāʼīyīn
187:fidā'īyūn
170:The term
166:Etymology
151:fidāʼīyīn
148:فِدائيّين
1327:Archived
1308:Archived
1289:Archived
1270:Archived
1251:Archived
1147:Archived
947:Archived
919:(2015).
645:See also
631:fada'iun
629:
602:and the
419:fedayeen
399:fedayeen
387:fedailer
367:fedailer
323:Fedayeen
307:Hunchaks
303:Dashnaks
283:Armenian
256:General
140:Fedayeen
674:^note A
608:Lebanon
548:Baghdad
491:Marxist
442:Eritrea
432:Eritrea
411:British
291:Kurdish
287:Turkish
281:, were
262:papakha
242:Armenia
182:فدائيون
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