Beer Hall Putsch - Knowledge

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eventual promotions and the various rewards or preference* shown to them within the hierarchy of the Third Reich on the strength of having served time in prison for actions undertaken on behalf of the party underline their significance as exemplars of Nazism, and particularly of 'the Old Fighters' who had already pledged allegiance to Hitler by the time of the first strike against the Republic.

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Republic cannot apply to a man who thinks and feels as German as Hitler, who voluntarily served for four and a half years in the German army at war, who attained high military honours through outstanding bravery in the face of the enemy, was wounded, suffered other damage to his health, and was released from the military into the control of the district Command Munich I."

1307:('blood flag'), which was stained with the blood of two SA members who were shot: the flag bearer Heinrich Trambauer, who was badly wounded, and Andreas Bauriedl, who fell dead onto the fallen flag. A bullet killed Scheubner-Richter. Göring was shot in the leg, but escaped. The rest of the Nazis scattered or were arrested. Hitler was arrested two days later. 2163: 2088:(9 November, literally 'the ninth of the eleventh') became one of the most important dates on the Nazi calendar, especially following the seizure of power in 1933. Annually until the fall of Nazi Germany, the putsch would be commemorated nationwide, with the major events taking place in Munich. On the night of 8 November, Hitler would address the 2082:(given to those joining the party c. 1943), they are listed first even though the book lists hundreds of other dead. The header text in the book read "Though they are dead for their acts they will live on forever." The army had a division named the Feldherrnhalle Regiment, and there was also an SA Feldherrnhalle Division. 919:", abbreviated DAP). Hitler joined the DAP on 12 September 1919. He soon realised that he was in agreement with many of the underlying tenets of the DAP, and rose to its top post in the ensuing chaotic political atmosphere of postwar Munich. By agreement, Hitler assumed the political leadership of a number of Bavarian 1220:, returned to the main hall's podium, where they gave speeches and shook hands. The crowd was then allowed to leave the hall. In a tactical mistake, Hitler decided to leave the Bürgerbräukeller shortly thereafter to deal with a crisis elsewhere. Around 22:30, Ludendorff released Kahr and his associates. 1878:

Scheubner-Richter was walking arm-in-arm with Hitler during the putsch; he was shot in the lungs and died instantly. He brought Hitler down and dislocated Hitler's shoulder when he fell. He was the only significant Nazi leader to die during the putsch. Of all the party members who died in the putsch,

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One of Hitler's greatest worries at the trial was that he was at risk of being deported back to his native Austria by the Bavarian government. The trial judge, Neithardt, was sympathetic toward Hitler and held that the relevant laws of the Weimar Republic could not be applied to a man "who thinks and

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wrote: "The World War hero had refused to have anything to do with him ever since he had fled from in front of the Feldherrnhalle after the volley of bullets during the Beer Hall Putsch." However, when a consignment of papers relating to Landsberg prison (including the visitor book) was later sold

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and others (some 20 in all), advanced through the crowded auditorium. Unable to be heard above the crowd, Hitler fired a shot into the ceiling and jumped on a chair, yelling: "The national revolution has broken out! The hall is surrounded by six hundred men. Nobody is allowed to leave." He went on to

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government. But circumstances differed from those in Italy. Hitler came to the realisation that Kahr sought to control him and was not ready to act against the government in Berlin. Hitler wanted to seize a critical moment for successful popular agitation and support. He decided to take matters into

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The putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the German nation for the first time and generated front-page headlines in newspapers around the world. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which was widely publicised and gave him a platform to express his nationalist sentiments. Hitler was found

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The court explained why it rejected the deportation of Hitler under the terms of the Protection of the Republic Act: "Hitler is a German-Austrian. He considered himself to be a German. In the opinion of the court, the meaning and the terms of section 9, para II of the Law for the Protection of the

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The Bund Oberland, under the command of Max Ritter von Müller, was sent to seize weapons from the Army Engineer Barracks under the pretence of performing training manoeuvres. Oskar Cantzler, captain of the 1st company of the 7th Engineer Battalion, did not believe them, but allowed them to perform

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who had been executed by French authorities in May of 1923. Evidence connecting Kadow to Schlageter's discovery, arrest and execution was later found to be utterly lacking. Thus--while these two were not actually present in the ranks of the stormtroopers on the night of the Putsch--their actions,

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was Karl Kuhn (born 7 July 1875), a head waiter in a restaurant. Allegedly he took part in the putsch as a member of the Freikorps Oberland, and was fatally shot by the police. In reality, Kuhn was an innocent bystander. He was working as a waiter in a nearby restaurant when he stepped outside to

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was the mildest of the three types of jail sentence available in German law at the time; it excluded forced labour, provided reasonably comfortable cells, and allowed the prisoner to receive visitors almost daily for many hours. This was the customary sentence for those whom the judge believed to

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Hitler's trial began on 26 February 1924 and lasted until 1 April 1924. Lossow acted as chief witness for the prosecution. Hitler moderated his tone for the trial, centring his defence on his selfless devotion to the good of the people and the need for bold action to save them, dropping his usual

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Hitler, accompanied by Hess, Lenk, and Graf, ordered the triumvirate of Kahr, Seisser and Lossow into an adjoining room at gunpoint and demanded they support the putsch and accept the government positions he assigned them. Hitler had promised Lossow a few days earlier that he would not attempt a

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By mid-morning on 9 November, Hitler realised that the putsch was going nowhere. The putschists did not know what to do and were about to give up. At this moment, Ludendorff cried out, "Wir marschieren!" ('We will march!'). Röhm's force together with Hitler's (a total of approximately 2000 men)

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1 April 1924. Defendants in the Beer Hall Putsch trial. From left to right: Pernet, Weber, Frick, Kriebel, Ludendorff, Hitler, Bruckner, Röhm, and Wagner. Note that only two of the defendants (Hitler and Frick) were wearing civilian clothes. All those in uniform are carrying swords, indicating

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Although the trial was the first time that Hitler's oratory was insufficient, he used the trial as an opportunity to spread his ideas by giving speeches in the courtroom. The event was extensively covered in the newspapers the next day. The judges were impressed (Presiding Judge Neithardt was

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and composed a proclamation calling upon all police officers, members of the armed forces, and civil servants to remain loyal to the government. The action of these few men spelt doom for those attempting the putsch. The next day the archbishop and Rupprecht visited Kahr and persuaded him to

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and Adolf Lenk. He followed up on Göring's speech and stated that the action was not directed at the police and Reichswehr, but against "the Berlin Jew government and the November criminals of 1918". Dr. Karl Alexander von Mueller, a professor of modern history and political science at the

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You can see that what motivates us is neither self-conceit nor self-interest, but only a burning desire to join the battle in this grave eleventh hour for our German Fatherland ... One last thing I can tell you. Either the German revolution begins tonight or we will all be dead by

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coup, but now thought that he would get an immediate response of affirmation from them, imploring Kahr to accept the position of Regent of Bavaria. Kahr replied that he could not be expected to collaborate, especially as he had been taken out of the auditorium under heavy guard.

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the manoeuvres inside the building. He locked the building with the 400 men inside and positioned two machine guns at the entrance. Hitler attempted to have the men released, but Cantzler refused. Hitler considered using artillery to destroy the building but chose not to.

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I cannot remember in my entire life such a change in the attitude of a crowd in a few minutes, almost a few seconds ... Hitler had turned them inside out, as one turns a glove inside out, with a few sentences. It had almost something of hocus-pocus, or magic about

853:, where hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of people would socialise in the evenings, drink beer and participate in political and social debates. Such beer halls also became the hosts of occasional political rallies. One of Munich's largest beer halls was the 2142:(administrative region of Germany) was also expected to hold a small remembrance ceremony. As material given to propagandists said, the 16 fallen were the first losses and the ceremony was an occasion to commemorate everyone who had died for the movement. 837:. On 20 December 1924, having served only nine months, Hitler was released. Once released, Hitler redirected his focus towards obtaining power through legal means rather than by revolution or force, and accordingly changed his tactics, further developing 2189:

Den Mitgliedern der Bayerischen Landespolizei, die beim Einsatz gegen die Nationalsozialistischen Putschisten am 9.11.1923 Ihr Leben ließen. ('To the members of the Bavarian Police, who gave their lives opposing the National Socialist coup on 9 November

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The process of "combination", wherein the conservative-nationalist-monarchist group thought that its members could piggyback on, and control, the National Socialist movement to garner the seats of power, was to repeat itself ten years later in 1933 when

1794:. Bauriedl was hit in the abdomen, killing him and causing him to fall on the Nazi flag, which had fallen to the ground when its flagbearer, Heinrich Trambauer, was severely wounded. Bauriedl's blood-soaked flag later became the Nazi relic known as the 1586:(disciplinary prison). In the end, Hitler served just over eight months of this sentence before his early release for good behaviour. Prison officials allegedly wanted to give Hitler deaf guards, to prevent him from persuading them to free him. 2130:. With the outbreak of war in 1939, security concerns caused the re-enactment of the march to be suspended, never to be resumed. However, Hitler continued to deliver his 8 November speech through 1943. In 1944, Hitler skipped the event and 2134:

spoke in his place. As the war went on, residents of Munich came increasingly to dread the approach of the anniversary, concerned that the presence of the top Nazi leaders in their city would act as a magnet for Allied bombers.

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barracks by soldiers and state police; shots were fired, but there were no fatalities on either side. Encountering heavy resistance, Röhm and his men were forced to fall back. In the meantime, the

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of the state police. He immediately called all his green police units and had them seize the central telegraph office and the telephone exchange, although his most important act was to notify

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removed the bodies from the Ehrentempels and contacted their families. They were given the option of having their loved ones buried in Munich cemeteries in unmarked graves or having them

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by its own government, particularly as the German Army was popularly thought to have been undefeated in the field. For the defeat, Hitler scapegoated civilian leaders, Jews and

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were scurrying around to arm themselves from secret caches, and seizing buildings. At around 03:00, the first casualties of the putsch occurred when the local garrison of the

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on 23 June 2006; the new information (which came out more than 30 years after Shirer wrote his book, and which Shirer did not have access to) nullifies Shirer's statement.

2070:('And you triumphed nevertheless!'). Behind it, flowers were laid, and either policemen or the SS stood guard between a lower plaque. Passers-by were required to give the 508: 6258: 5235: 1890:, were shot down accidentally in a burst of machine gun fire during the occupation of the War Ministry as the result of a misunderstanding with II/Infantry Regiment 19. 1402: 891:

Hitler remained in the army in Munich after the war. He participated in various "national thinking" courses, organised by the Education and Propaganda Department of the

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Hitler ended his speech with: "Outside are Kahr, Lossow and Seisser. They are struggling hard to reach a decision. May I say to them that you will stand behind them?"

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The night was marked by confusion and unrest among government officials, armed forces, police units, and individuals deciding where their loyalties lay. Units of the

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This was not the first time Hitler had been in trouble with the law. In an incident in September 1921, he and some men of the SA had disrupted a meeting of the

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were dispatched to pick up Ludendorff, whose personal prestige was being harnessed to give the Nazis credibility. A telephone call was made from the kitchen by

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formed a ruling triumvirate. Hitler announced that he would hold 14 mass meetings beginning on 27 September 1923. Afraid of the potential disruption, one of

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inclined to favouritism towards the defendants prior to the trial), and as a result, Hitler served just over eight months in prison and was fined 500

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Wilhelm Ehrlich, bank clerk and World War I veteran, born 8 August 1894. Member of the Freikorps and Nazi Party. Previous participant in the Kapp Putsch.

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marched out – but with no specific destination. On the spur of the moment, Ludendorff led them to the Bavarian Defence Ministry. However, at the

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Lorenz Ritter von Stransky-Griffenfeld, engineer and World War I veteran, born 14 March 1889. Member of the Freikorps, Nazi Party, and Sturmabteilung.

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Kurt Neubauer, valet for Erich Ludendorff and World War I veteran, born 27 March 1899 in Hopfengarten, Kreis Bernberg. Member of the Freikorps.

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Karl Laforce, engineering student, born 28 October 1904; the youngest to die in the putsch. Member of the Nazi Party, Sturmabteilung, and

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unveiled a memorial plaque at the Munich Residence, after which the base plate was removed in 2011 and handed over to the city museum.

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Hitler escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, he was arrested and charged with

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Meanwhile, Captain Karl Wild, learning of the putsch from marchers, mobilised his command to guard Kahr's government building, the

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at auction, it was noted that Ludendorff had visited Hitler a number of times. The case of the resurfacing papers was reported in

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Hitler and the Nazi Party planned to seize Munich and use the city as a base for a march against Germany's national government.

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to lay wreaths. They continued to riot until 9 November, when they learned of Hitler's arrest. Kahr and Lossow were called

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could be a time of tension in Nazi Germany. The ceremony was cancelled in 1934, coming as it did after the so-called

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Though Hitler failed to achieve his immediate goal, the putsch did give the Nazis their first national attention and

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Although their defeat by the government forces forced Hitler and Ludendorff to flee Munich, it was the origin of the

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and seize power or their followers would turn to the communists. Hitler enlisted the help of World War I general

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The 15 fallen insurgents, as well as the bystander Karl Kuhn, were regarded as the first "blood martyrs" of the

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Wilhelm Wolf, businessman and World War I veteran, born 19 October 1898. Member of the Freikorps and Nazi Party.

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Theodor Casella, bank clerk and World War I veteran, born 8 August 1900. Member of the Freikorps and Nazi Party.

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state that the Bavarian government was deposed and declared the formation of a new government with Ludendorff.

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contains the names of the four Bavarian policemen who died in the fight against the Nazis. The plaque reads:

1944: 1293: 872:, Germany declined as a major European power. Like many Germans of the period, Hitler, who had fought in the 6712: 6357: 6216: 6138: 4718: 4633: 3297: 2245: 2230: 2099: 1922: 1372: 1342: 1153: 973: 877: 438: 217: 2976:('fortress-way'). Hitler's sentence was to be served in the mildest form of incarceration under German law. 1719: 1680: 6665: 6641: 5941: 5914: 5885: 5880: 5679: 5470: 5408: 5256: 4898: 4893: 4638: 4367: 4172: 4160: 2775: 2626: 2383: 2199: 2107: 2013: 1125: 953: 683: 621: 425: 369: 3046: 2095: 1257: 1078: 856: 6760: 6635: 6535: 6435: 6294: 6079: 6044: 6014: 5863: 5781: 5738: 5667: 5566: 5230: 5155: 5063: 4986: 4977: 4709: 2543: 2103: 1406: 1287:, they met a force of 130 soldiers blocking the way under the command of State Police Senior Lieutenant 881: 766: 253: 2559: 2008: 1288: 1159: 3530: 1688: 6617: 6553: 6423: 6363: 6174: 6059: 5964: 5895: 5858: 5643: 5592: 5545: 5163: 5150: 5138: 5002: 4928: 4567: 4101: 2457: 1734: 1522: 1390: 873: 865: 673: 3007: 1714: 1675: 1594:. Due to Ludendorff's story that he was present by accident, an explanation he had also used in the 1048: 6529: 6509: 6264: 6150: 6094: 6064: 6029: 5919: 5649: 5552: 5539: 5267: 4923: 4878: 4673: 4557: 4486: 3735: 3655: 3319: 2885: 2740: 2720: 2681: 2481: 2378: 1823: 1812:

Anton Hechenberger, locksmith, born 28 September 1902. Member of the Nazi Party and Sturmabteilung.

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On 26 September 1923, following a period of terror and political violence, Bavarian Prime Minister

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Plaque erected on November 9, 2010, at the Munich Residence, commemorating the 4 officers killed.

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city commandant of Munich. As a proud war hero, Danner loathed the "little corporal" and those "

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feels like a German, as Hitler does." The result was that the Nazi leader remained in Germany.

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spotted Röhm's men coming out of the beer hall. They were ambushed while trying to reach the

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turned up against the cold. To his left, in civilian clothes, a green felt hat, and a loose

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have had honourable but misguided motives, and it did not carry the stigma of a sentence of

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citizenship at the time, believed the treaty to be a betrayal, with the country having been

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anti-Semitism. He claimed the putsch had been his sole responsibility, inspiring the title

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Police units were first notified of trouble by three police detectives stationed at the

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mobilised the students of a nearby infantry officers' school to seize other objectives.

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Johann Rickmers, retired cavalry captain and World War I veteran; born 7 May 1881 in

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bands of rowdies". He also did not much like his commanding officer, Generalleutnant

1148: 1065: 892: 725: 601: 317: 31: 3730: 2664:. To his right came Alfred Rosenberg. On either side of these men were Ulrich Graf, 6521: 5900: 5875: 5685: 5661: 5637: 5631: 5383: 5215: 5210: 5086: 5022: 4933: 4838: 4803: 4793: 4783: 4628: 4524: 4007: 3871: 3071: 2907: 2875: 2765: 2750: 2688: 2610: 2432: 2373: 2363: 2283: 1886:, Martin Faust and Theodor Casella, both members of the armed militia organisation 1706: 1626: 1480: 1457: 1397:, the vice-premier and minister of education and culture. A staunchly conservative 1136: 1121: 830: 760: 688: 626: 611: 581: 288: 4745: 4181:

München – „Hauptstadt der Bewegung“. Bayerns Metropole und der Nationalsozialismus

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a resistance fighter much admired by members of the paramilitary right during the

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Early Nazis who participated in the attempt to seize power during the 1923 Putsch

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Three thousand students from the University of Munich rioted and marched to the

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Shortly after he came to power, a memorial was placed at the south side of the

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24 May 1943 quotes Schlageter: "The banner must stand, even if the man falls."

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Theodor von der Pfordten, judge and World War I veteran, born 14 May 1873 in

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In the early 20th century, many of the larger cities of southern Germany had

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The Feldherrnhalle with the plaque to the four Bavarians killed, now removed

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The Trial of Adolf Hitler: The Beer Hall Putsch and the Rise of Nazi Germany

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Since 1994, a commemorative plaque embedded in the pavement in front of the

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and other painkilling drugs. This addiction continued throughout his life.

1548: 3874:(September 1944). "The Bavarian Problem in the Weimar Republic: Part II". 1815:

Oskar Körner, businessman and World War I veteran, born 4 January 1875 in

1556:

were fanatically pro-Nazi and had to be dissuaded by the presiding Judge,

1207:

The crowd in the hall backed Hitler with a roar of approval. He finished:

6252: 5989: 3429:(Fiftieth Anniversary ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 2063: 1840: 1607: 1084:

On the evening of 8 November 1923, 603 SA surrounded the beer hall and a

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officers put the whole garrison on alert and called for reinforcements.

939:(SA, literally "Storm Detachment"), the paramilitary wing of the NSDAP. 3897: 3756: 3712: 2621:

on behalf of the movement, supposedly avenging his alleged betrayal of

1936: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1833: 1780: 1488: 1268: 885: 810: 787: 658: 98: 3800: 1879:

Hitler claimed Scheubner-Richter to be the only "irreplaceable loss".

1809:

Martin Faust, bank clerk and World War I veteran, born 4 January 1901.

931:. This political base extended to include about 15,000 members of the 6049: 5697: 5373: 5363: 5179: 4582: 2145:

On 9 November 1935, the dead were taken from their graves and to the

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Andreas Bauriedl, hatter and World War I veteran, born 4 May 1879 in

1005: 783: 94: 3748: 2617:† Bormann and Höss were awaiting trial after their assassination of 1868:. Member of the Nazi Party. Previous participant in the Kapp Putsch. 4440:

The Adolf Hitler Trial before the People's Court in Munich Judgment

3889: 3792: 3656:"Hermann Goring (German minister) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia" 1491:. The Nazi Party's headquarters was raided, and its newspaper, the 1371:

Around 23:00, Major-General von Danner, along with fellow generals

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was set up in the auditorium. Hitler, surrounded by his associates

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In the vanguard were four flag bearers followed by Adolf Lenk and

2161: 2020: 2007: 1739: 1660: 1514: 1451: 1442: 1247: 1198: 1847:. During his time as the commandant of a prisoner of war camp in 1621:

victory. While serving their "fortress confinement" sentences at

5358: 4167:. Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, München 1961, S. 211, 272; als 4129:

The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response

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Two days after the putsch, Hitler was arrested and charged with

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Hitler Sites by Steven Lehrer. McFarland & Co, Publishers,

504: 2209: 1905: 4471: 1598:, along with his war service and connections, Ludendorff was 4165:

Der Hitlerputsch. Krisenjahre deutschen Geschichte 1920–1924

3777:(January 1972). "Lay Judges in the German Criminal Courts". 3462:

Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind

2826: 2126:, and in 1939 with the attempted assassination of Hitler by 2074:. The putsch was also commemorated on three sets of stamps. 4183:. 2. Auflage. Edition Minerva, München 2002, S. 355 f. 1755: 1081:, where Kahr was making a speech in front of 3,000 people. 4464:"Munich: Part 3 – Nazi Party Buildings on the Königsplatz 3589: 3587: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3381: 3379: 3280: 3278: 3025: 3023: 2953:

Hitlerputsch, Hitler–Ludendorff-Putsch, Bürgerbräu-Putsch

2166:

Plaque commemorating the policemen who died in the Putsch

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and a supporter of Kahr, was an eyewitness. He reported:

6811:

Battles of the Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)

3109:(Arlington, VA: University Publications of America 1976) 1733:"Karl Kuhn" redirects here. For the baseball coach, see 1073:

his own hands. Hitler, along with a large detachment of

4273:

Munich 1923: The Story of Hitler's First Grab for Power

6454:

Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party

3560:

The Triumph of Propaganda: Film and National Socialism

1787:

Works and moved to Munich in 1923 to begin his career.

1040:

to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler.

6382:

Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

6235:

Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction

4396:

Where Ghosts Walked, Munich's Road to the Third Reich

1819:. Member of the German Workers' Party and Nazi Party. 1771:

The 15 deceased are listed in Hitler's dedication to

1413:, Archbishop Eugenio Pacelli (who would later become 1314:

in 1937 (which Hitler attended but without speaking)

4311:

The Hitler Trial Before the People's Court in Munich

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The Hitler Trial Before the People's Court in Munich

3080:

The Hitler Trial Before the People's Court in Munich

1832:

Klaus von Pape, businessman, born 16 August 1904 in

1542:

was the presiding judge at both of Hitler's trials.

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Approximately two thousand Nazis marched on the 3076:Der Hitler-Prozeß vor dem Volksgericht in München 2734:Chief defendants in the "Ludendorff–Hitler" trial 2039:and were remembered by Hitler in the foreword of 817:guilty of treason and sentenced to five years in 4038:Christian Zentner, Friedemann Bedürftig (1991). 3304:. 19 November 1923 – via content.time.com. 1310:In a description of Ludendorff's funeral at the 861:, which became the site where the putsch began. 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3117: 3115: 2691:, Johann Aigner (Scheubner-Richter's servant), 2187: 45: 6133:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent 6127:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire 1779:Felix Allfarth, merchant, born 5 July 1901 in 756:Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei 6314:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc 6121:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire 5766: 5071: 4487: 3232:Sayers, Michael and Kahnn, Albert E. (1945), 2845:– A commemorative award given to participants 2078:was dedicated to the fallen and, in the book 1170:Hitler became irritated by Kahr and summoned 516: 8: 6436:Violence against Hindus in independent India 4761: 4752: 4743: 4734: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4698: 4689: 4306:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2971: 2957: 2951: 2660:coat, was Ludendorff. To Hitler's right was 1386:, compelled Lossow to repudiate the putsch. 1035: 1029: 1023: 1017: 1009: 999: 993: 985: 979: 971: 965: 959: 951: 943: 932: 924: 910: 900: 854: 822: 799: 775: 764: 754: 6648:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh 6163:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent 3128:. Oxford University Press. pp. 68–69. 3066: 3064: 3017:schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31. 2899:People given posthumous fame by the Nazis: 2244:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1783:. Alfarth had studied merchandising at the 5773: 5759: 5751: 5252: 5078: 5064: 5056: 5013:National Political Institutes of Education 4494: 4480: 4472: 1748:members in 1935. He is accompanied by the 523: 509: 501: 42: 6283:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 4453:Map of Europe at time of Beer Hall Putsch 4018:. New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. v. 3702: 3324:A History of Hitler's Empire, 2nd Edition 3125:Press and politics in the Weimar Republic 2264:Learn how and when to remove this message 2149:. The SA and SS carried them down to the 1996:Learn how and when to remove this message 1384:Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein 888:, later called the "November Criminals". 534:Political violence in Germany (1918–1933) 385: 293: 55:political violence in Germany (1918–1933) 4352:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 3859:The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s 3823:The Coming of the Third Reich. A History 3685:"On Uses and Misuses of Comparative Law" 3402:The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s 3364:The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s 3147: 3145: 3101: 3099: 3097: 1047: 27:Failed 1923 Nazi coup attempt in Germany 6247:French Revolutionary dechristianisation 4131:. New York, HarperCollins, 2003 p. 407 3982: 3931: 3593: 3497: 3385: 3347: 3320:"The Twenties and the Great Depression" 3284: 3269: 3257: 3245: 3211:The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany 3196: 3184: 3172: 2999: 2939: 2724:, the SA, the Infantry School, and the 2687:Behind these came the second string of 1864:, Nazi leader, born 21 January 1884 in 1645:was to do everything "strictly legal". 1513:and replaced it with a mixed system of 6193:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain 4108:. New York: Anchor Books, 1976 p. 170 4106:Adolf Hitler: The Definitive Biography 3617: 3531:"Adolf Hitler / The Man and His Ideas" 3029: 1573:('fortress confinement') for treason. 970:, Bavarian state police chief Colonel 909:, First Class, to infiltrate the tiny 6791:Military operations involving Germany 6442:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 4313:. University Publications of America. 4195:"Nazi ceremonies for 9 November 1942" 3994: 3464:. Reynal & Hitchcock. p. 12. 3043:"Einsatz für Freiheit und Demokratie" 1505:, an emergency decree, abolished the 1393:who was not at the Bürgerbräukeller: 1016:in an attempt to gain the support of 923:"patriotic associations", called the 669:Murder of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck 7: 6771:1920s coups d'état and coup attempts 5040:Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party 4982:National Democratic Party of Germany 4408:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich 4179:. In: Richard Bauer et al. (Hrsg.): 4060: 3638: 3529:Irvine, Wendell C. (November 1931). 3509: 3474: 3425:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich 2242:adding citations to reliable sources 1934:adding citations to reliable sources 1501:), was banned. In January 1924, the 557:Collapse of the Imperial German Army 6586:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War 6536:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh 6448:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world 6241:Christianization of the Sámi people 4041:The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich 1685:(April 23, 1887 – November 9, 1923) 950:declared a state of emergency, and 567:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919) 4411:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 4149:Die Geschichte eines Hochverräters 3704:10.1111/j.1468-2230.1974.tb02366.x 3213:, New York: Routledge, p. 9, 3082:]. Munich: Knorr & Hirth. 2400:, the only known woman participant 25: 6430:Violence against Muslims in India 6424:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan 6370:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses 4151:, Franz Eher Verlag, Munich 1928. 3562:, 1933–1945, Volume 1, pp. 20–22. 2120:. In 1938, it coincided with the 1724:(July 4, 1886 – November 9, 1923) 1711:(1902 or 1903 – November 9, 1923) 1698:(May 15, 1897 – November 9, 1923) 1203:Odeonsplatz in Munich, 9 November 1052:Erich Ludendorff on the cover of 704:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses 6725: 5733: 5732: 4433: 2812: 2798: 2214: 2066:. The back of the memorial read 1910: 1401:, he was having dinner with the 445: 432: 419: 407: 392: 374: 363: 344: 333: 322: 311: 300: 282: 259: 247: 234: 181: 61: 6702:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel 6672:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 5045:Samoan branch of the Nazi Party 4304:Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch 4220:Riedel, Katja (14 March 2011). 4201:from the original on 5 May 2009 3944:Revoking the Fuehrer's Passport 2329:Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter 2198:and Bavarian Interior Minister 1921:needs additional citations for 1862:Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter 1118:Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter 6796:November 1923 events in Europe 6690:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings 6660:Genocide of Christians by ISIL 6394:Communist Romanian persecution 4309:Gordon, Harold J. Jr. (1976). 4302:Gordon, Harold J. Jr. (1972). 4222:"Vier Polizisten gegen Hitler" 3962:. Penguin Books. p. 217. 3825:, 2004, S. 181; Joachim Fest: 3209:Stackelberg, Roderick (2007), 3045:. 11 June 2015. Archived from 1845:German National People's Party 1754:("blood flag") and its bearer 1343:Major-General Jakob von Danner 1337:. These reports reached Major 1022:and his triumvirate. However, 1004:, felt they had to march upon 607:French occupation of Frankfurt 562:German Revolution of 1918–1919 1: 6708:2024 Istanbul church shooting 6684:Christchurch mosque shootings 6472:Religious violence in Nigeria 6466:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria 4285:The Coming of the Third Reich 4275:. New York: Harper & Row. 4197:. German Propaganda Archive. 3877:The Journal of Modern History 3731:"Criminal Justice in Germany" 2959:Marsch auf die Feldherrnhalle 1893:Also honoured as a martyr in 587:1920 East Prussian plebiscite 552:German strike of January 1918 6598:War crimes in the Kosovo War 6388:Communist Polish persecution 6259:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war 6187:Crusades against schismatics 4548:Adolf Hitler's rise to power 3780:The Journal of Legal Studies 2833:2022 German coup d'état plot 2718:Behind this row marched the 1389:There was one member of the 694:1932 Berlin transport strike 484:Many captured and imprisoned 5694:(possible illegitimate son) 5008:Munich Documentation Centre 4789:Houston Stewart Chamberlain 4430:. New York: Franklin Watts. 4288:. New York: Penguin Books. 4257:. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. 3298:"GERMANY: Eeer Hall Revolt" 2652:in hand, the collar of his 2606:Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld 1800:. Member of the Nazi Party. 1151:, who was waiting with his 1060:The putsch was inspired by 572:Occupation of the Rhineland 73:in Munich during the Putsch 6827: 6766:Attempted coups in Germany 5715:Streets named after Hitler 4578:National Socialist Program 4394:Large, David Clay (1997). 4378:W. W. Norton & Company 4328:W. W. Norton & Company 3234:The Plot Against the Peace 2648:Hitler was in the centre, 2068:Und ihr habt doch gesiegt! 2055:when Hitler was in power. 1858:. Member of the Freikorps. 1732: 29: 6722: 6630:South Thailand insurgency 6606:Walisongo school massacre 6574:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus 6223:Expulsion of the Moriscos 6199:European wars of religion 5728: 5560:Hitler: The Last Ten Days 5368:Meldemannstraße dormitory 4659:Office of Foreign Affairs 4649:Office of Military Policy 4644:Office of Colonial Policy 4323:Hitler: 1889–1936: Hubris 4254:Adolf Hitler: A Biography 4193:Bytwerk, Randall (2000). 4177:„Hauptstadt der Bewegung“ 2637:At the front of the march 2593:Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg 2565:Franz Pfeffer von Salomon 1036: 1030: 1024: 1018: 1010: 994: 986: 980: 972: 966: 952: 944: 679:1932 Prussian coup d'état 542: 494: 473: 460: 275: 173: 77: 60: 52: 6020:Extrajudicial punishment 5586:Hitler: The Rise of Evil 5018:Nazi concentration camps 4588:Night of the Long Knives 4398:. New York: W.W. Norton. 3959:Hitler 1889–1936: Hubris 3743:(6): 1069–1070, note 7. 3421:Shirer, William (2011). 3122:Fulda, Bernhard (2009). 2891:Weimar Republic timeline 2838:Bavarian Soviet Republic 2697:Theodor von der Pfordten 2391:Other notable supporters 2206:Supporters of the Putsch 2118:Night of the Long Knives 2094:('Old Fighters') in the 1670:Bavarian police officers 1534:('Bavaria Union') which 1368:, with orders to shoot. 36:Beer Hall Putsch (album) 6713:Crocus City Hall attack 6460:Persecution of Tibetans 6217:French Wars of Religion 6139:Yellow Turban Rebellion 5600:Shigeru Mizuki's Hitler 5170:Last will and testament 4719:Innviertler Heimatblatt 4654:Office of Racial Policy 4271:Dornberg, John (1982). 4044:. Macmillan, New York. 2715:, Brückner's adjutant. 1744:Adolf Hitler reviewing 1154:Bund Reichskriegsflagge 974:Hans Ritter von Seisser 912:Deutsche Arbeiterpartei 218:Bund Reichskriegsflagge 6666:Iraqi Turkmen genocide 6642:Maspero demonstrations 6490:Huế Phật Đản shootings 5680:William Stuart-Houston 5226:Assassination attempts 4899:Joachim von Ribbentrop 4894:Konstantin von Neurath 4762: 4753: 4744: 4735: 4726: 4717: 4708: 4699: 4690: 4639:Nazi Party Chancellery 3105:Harold J. Gordon Jr., 3013:5 January 2017 at the 2972: 2958: 2952: 2627:occupation of the Ruhr 2194:In 2010, Munich Mayor 2192: 2167: 2032: 2031:(Honour Temples), 1936 2018: 2014:Wochenspruch der NSDAP 1768: 1666: 1476: 1449: 1373:Adolf Ritter von Ruith 1253: 1214: 1204: 1194: 1057: 1028:had his own plan with 1000: 960: 954:Gustav Ritter von Kahr 933: 925: 911: 901: 855: 823: 800: 776: 767:Generalquartiermeister 765: 755: 684:Potempa murder of 1932 622:Occupation of the Ruhr 276:Commanders and leaders 6756:Rebellions in Germany 6636:Boko Haram insurgency 6295:Pontic Greek genocide 6205:Ottoman–Habsburg wars 6015:Extrajudicial killing 5782:Religious persecution 5668:Leo Rudolf Raubal Jr. 5567:The Meaning of Hitler 5486:German naturalization 5378:16 Prinzregentenplatz 4987:Socialist Reich Party 4978:Deutsche Reichspartei 4799:Richard Walther Darré 4692:Völkischer Beobachter 4573:German Workers' Party 3829:, 2002, pp. 160, 225. 2881:Early Nazism timeline 2544:Hans Ulrich Klintzsch 2438:Josef 'Sepp' Dietrich 2165: 2104:Circus Krone Building 2024: 2011: 1743: 1664: 1499:The People's Observer 1494:Völkischer Beobachter 1455: 1446: 1407:Michael von Faulhaber 1251: 1209: 1202: 1189: 1051: 917:German Workers' Party 882:"stabbed in the back" 481:About a dozen injured 474:Casualties and losses 254:Bavarian State Police 6618:September 11 attacks 6554:1984 anti-Sikh riots 6418:Rawalpindi massacres 6364:White Terror (Spain) 6175:Massacre at Ayyadieh 6060:Population cleansing 5720:Mannerheim recording 5644:Johann Georg Hiedler 5546:The Victory of Faith 5122:Political directives 5003:Adolf Hitler Schools 4929:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 4634:Hitler's Chancellery 4568:Enabling Act of 1933 4467:Third Reich in Ruins 4251:Bear, Ileen (2016). 4173:Hans Günter Hockerts 4161:Hanns Hubert Hofmann 3956:Ian Kershaw (2001). 3843:The Nazi Conscience, 3458:Knickerbocker, H. R. 2458:Johann Baptist Fuchs 2238:improve this section 1930:improve this article 1735:Karl Kuhn (baseball) 1403:Archbishop of Munich 1216:Hitler, Ludendorff, 1185:University of Munich 866:Treaty of Versailles 829:to fellow prisoners 821:, where he dictated 741:, also known as the 674:Altona Bloody Sunday 152:Government victory 6530:Bangladesh genocide 6510:Cultural Revolution 6502:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids 6265:Circassian genocide 6151:Rhineland massacres 6065:Population transfer 6030:Forced displacement 5837:Jehovah's Witnesses 5650:Maria Schicklgruber 5553:Triumph of the Will 5540:Killing baby Hitler 5530:Cult of personality 5471:Hitler's Table Talk 5414:possible monorchism 5347:Civilian residences 5236:conspiracy theories 4973:German Social Union 4924:Baldur von Schirach 4879:Ernst Kaltenbrunner 4674:SS Education Office 4558:Brown House, Munich 4350:Hitler: A Biography 3920:The Nazi Conscience 3736:Michigan Law Review 3535:The Improvement Era 3350:, pp. 125–127. 3260:, pp. 125–126. 3153:The Nazi Conscience 3006:Dan Moorhouse, ed. 2934:Informational notes 2886:Spartacist Uprising 2482:Friedrich Haselmayr 2466:Albrecht von Graefe 1582:(common prison) or 1523:Germany's judiciary 1258:Munich city council 1139:, Johann Aigne and 592:Reichstag Bloodbath 120: / 6624:2002 Gujarat riots 6548:Cambodian genocide 6542:Lebanese Civil War 6320:Soviet persecution 6157:Jerusalem massacre 6070:Sectarian violence 6055:Political violence 5607:Apocalypse: Hitler 5535:In popular culture 4701:Das Schwarze Korps 4403:Shirer, William L. 4082:networks.h-net.org 3727:Wolff, Hans Julius 3697:(1): 18, note 73. 3008:The Munich Putsch. 2602:Heinrich Trambauer 2560:Theodor Oberländer 2512:Hans Georg Hofmann 2476:Helene Hanfstaengl 2433:Capt. Eduard Dietl 2168: 2128:Johann Georg Elser 2033: 2025:One of the Munich 2019: 1945:"Beer Hall Putsch" 1888:Reichskriegsflagge 1769: 1667: 1592:ℛ︁ℳ︁ 1477: 1450: 1422:repudiate Hitler. 1339:Sigmund von Imhoff 1254: 1205: 1058: 1056:, 19 November 1923 946:Eugen von Knilling 577:Silesian Uprisings 414:Eugen von Knilling 225:Freikorps Oberland 6776:Conflicts in 1923 6738: 6737: 6678:Rohingya genocide 6406:Direct Action Day 6358:Šahovići massacre 6308:Armenian genocide 6302:Assyrian genocide 6189:(13th–15th cent.) 6183:(12th–16th cent.) 6181:Northern Crusades 6025:Forced conversion 5975:Cultural genocide 5970:Communal violence 5847:post–Cold War era 5832:Eastern Orthodoxy 5748: 5747: 5466:Psychopathography 5456:Stefanie Rabatsch 5421:Wealth and income 5397: 5396: 5278:Reich Chancellery 5053: 5052: 5033:Horst-Wessel-Lied 4864:Reinhard Heydrich 4854:Ernst Hanfstaengl 4593:Nuremberg rallies 4438:The full text of 4428:Hitler and Nazism 4424:Snyder, Louis Leo 4359:978-0-393-06757-6 4337:978-0-393-04671-7 4280:Evans, Richard J. 4264:978-93-86019-47-9 4025:978-0-395-92503-4 3969:978-0-14-192579-0 3821:Richard J Evans: 3690:Modern Law Review 3681:Kahn-Freund, Otto 3440:978-1-4516-4259-9 3328:The Great Courses 3220:978-0-415-30860-1 3187:, pp. 72–74. 3175:, pp. 61–63. 3135:978-0-19-954778-4 3032:, pp. 73–75. 2925: 2924: 2861:German Revolution 2776:Lt. Robert Wagner 2713:Heinrich Bennecke 2662:Scheubner-Richter 2552:Gustav Adolf Lenk 2516:Matthaeus Hofmann 2507:Heinrich Hoffmann 2407:Heinrich Bennecke 2384:Lt. Robert Wagner 2344:Ernst Hanfstaengl 2274: 2273: 2266: 2172:Allied Commission 2170:In June 1945 the 2102:, in 1944 in the 2098:(after 1939, the 2006: 2005: 1998: 1980: 1785:Siemens-Schuckert 1623:Landsberg am Lech 1552:or 'leader'. The 1411:Nuncio to Bavaria 1316:William L. Shirer 1289:Michael von Godin 1141:Scheubner-Richter 1108:, Johann Aigner, 1102:Ernst Hanfstaengl 1077:, marched on the 792:8–9 November 1923 759:or NSDAP) leader 734: 733: 499: 498: 495:1 civilian killed 351:Scheubner-Richter 169: 168: 124:48.130°N 11.592°E 85:8–9 November 1923 30:For the album by 16:(Redirected from 6818: 6751:Beer Hall Putsch 6730: 6729: 6696:2020 Delhi riots 6612:Kosheh massacres 6592:Bosnian genocide 6412:1946 Bihar riots 6075:Social cleansing 6000:Ethnic cleansing 5775: 5768: 5761: 5752: 5736: 5735: 5692:Jean-Marie Loret 5461:Reinhold Hanisch 5329:Wolfsschlucht II 5253: 5080: 5073: 5066: 5057: 4996:Related articles 4949:Julius Streicher 4909:Alfred Rosenberg 4869:Heinrich Himmler 4767: 4758: 4749: 4740: 4731: 4722: 4713: 4704: 4695: 4553:Beer Hall Putsch 4496: 4489: 4482: 4473: 4455:at omniatlas.com 4437: 4420: 4391: 4363: 4341: 4299: 4268: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4190: 4184: 4158: 4152: 4145: 4139: 4122: 4116: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4074: 4068: 4058: 4052: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4017: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3974: 3973: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3868: 3862: 3852: 3846: 3836: 3830: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3706: 3683:(January 1974). 3677: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3652: 3646: 3636: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3603: 3597: 3591: 3582: 3569: 3563: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3526: 3513: 3512:, p. 54-55. 3507: 3501: 3495: 3482: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3454: 3445: 3444: 3428: 3418: 3412: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3374: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3316:Childers, Thomas 3312: 3306: 3305: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3149: 3140: 3139: 3119: 3110: 3103: 3092: 3091: 3068: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3018: 3004: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2975: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2955: 2944: 2903:Wilhelm Gustloff 2866:Hamburg Uprising 2827: 2822: 2817: 2816: 2808: 2803: 2802: 2801: 2761:Erich Ludendorff 2741:Wilhelm Brückner 2721:Stoßtrupp-Hitler 2682:Wilhelm Brückner 2674:Julius Streicher 2502:Heinrich Himmler 2471:Jakob Grimminger 2379:Wilhelm Brückner 2354:Joseph Berchtold 2314:Julius Streicher 2304:Erich Ludendorff 2299:Alfred Rosenberg 2269: 2262: 2258: 2255: 2249: 2218: 2210: 2200:Joachim Herrmann 2132:Heinrich Himmler 2096:Bürgerbräukeller 2086:Der neunte Elfte 2001: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1981: 1979: 1938: 1914: 1906: 1843:. Member of the 1824:Stoßtrupp-Hitler 1765:Jakob Grimminger 1723: 1710: 1697: 1689:Nikolaus Hollweg 1684: 1602:. Both Röhm and 1571: 1536:Otto Ballerstedt 1474:Landsberg Prison 1439:Trial and prison 1381: 1297: 1281:in front of the 1266: 1165:Gerhard Rossbach 1094:Alfred Rosenberg 1079:Bürgerbräukeller 1062:Benito Mussolini 1039: 1038: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1014: 1012:Erich Ludendorff 1003: 997: 996: 991: 990: 983: 982: 977: 976: 969: 968: 963: 957: 956: 949: 948: 938: 930: 914: 904: 860: 857:Bürgerbräukeller 828: 819:Landsberg Prison 805: 793: 781: 772:Erich Ludendorff 770: 758: 739:Beer Hall Putsch 647:Beer Hall Putsch 642:Hamburg Uprising 537: 535: 525: 518: 511: 502: 485: 461:Military support 450: 449: 448: 441: 439:Hans von Seisser 437: 436: 435: 424: 423: 422: 412: 411: 410: 399:Heinrich Himmler 397: 396: 395: 387: 379: 378: 377: 368: 367: 366: 359: 349: 348: 347: 338: 337: 336: 327: 326: 325: 316: 315: 314: 307:Erich Ludendorff 305: 304: 303: 295: 287: 286: 285: 264: 263: 262: 252: 251: 250: 239: 238: 237: 211:Stoßtrupp-Hitler 186: 185: 184: 135: 134: 132: 131: 130: 125: 121: 118: 117: 116: 113: 79: 78: 65: 48:Beer Hall Putsch 43: 21: 6826: 6825: 6821: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6815: 6806:Fascist revolts 6801:1920s in Munich 6786:1924 in Germany 6781:1923 in Germany 6741: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6724: 6718: 6654:Yazidi genocide 6560:Revival Process 6496:Thích Quảng Đức 6484:Buddhist crisis 6478:Istanbul pogrom 6346:1970–1987 6341:1958–1964 6336:1928–1941 6331:1921–1928 6326:1917–1921 6211:Goa Inquisition 6145:Battle of Tours 6135:(c.550–c. 1200) 6129:(c. 324–c. 491) 6109: 6010:Ethnic violence 6005:Ethnic conflict 5953: 5952: 5951: 5906:minority Muslim 5788: 5779: 5749: 5744: 5724: 5703: 5612: 5513: 5509:Private library 5496: 5490: 5426:Religious views 5393: 5342: 5336:Führersonderzug 5334:Special train ( 5324:Wolfsschlucht I 5248: 5242: 5196:Military career 5184: 5117:Political views 5089: 5084: 5054: 5049: 4991: 4953: 4939:Gregor Strasser 4844:Joseph Goebbels 4829:Roland Freisler 4814:Dietrich Eckart 4776:Notable members 4770: 4678: 4612: 4536: 4505: 4500: 4449: 4401: 4388: 4366: 4360: 4344: 4338: 4316: 4296: 4278: 4265: 4250: 4242: 4241: 4231: 4229: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4204: 4202: 4192: 4191: 4187: 4159: 4155: 4146: 4142: 4125:Balakian, Peter 4123: 4119: 4100: 4096: 4086: 4084: 4076: 4075: 4071: 4059: 4055: 4037: 4033: 4026: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3993: 3989: 3981: 3977: 3970: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3918:Claudia Koonz, 3917: 3913: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3853: 3849: 3837: 3833: 3820: 3816: 3771:Casper, Gerhard 3769: 3768: 3764: 3749:10.2307/1283584 3725: 3724: 3720: 3679: 3678: 3674: 3664: 3662: 3654: 3653: 3649: 3637: 3624: 3616: 3612: 3608:, 23 June 2006. 3604: 3600: 3592: 3585: 3570: 3566: 3556:Hilmar Hoffmann 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3528: 3527: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3485: 3473: 3469: 3456: 3455: 3448: 3441: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3377: 3358: 3354: 3346: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3151:Claudia Koonz, 3150: 3143: 3136: 3121: 3120: 3113: 3104: 3095: 3070: 3069: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3049:on 11 June 2015 3041: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3021: 3015:Wayback Machine 3005: 3001: 2991: 2990: 2984: 2980: 2969: 2965: 2945: 2941: 2931: 2926: 2820:Politics portal 2818: 2811: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2789: 2781:Friedrich Weber 2756:Hermann Kriebel 2736: 2693:Gottfried Feder 2670:Friedrich Weber 2666:Hermann Kriebel 2639: 2615: 2598:Gregor Strasser 2573:Gerhard Roßbach 2535:Hans Kallenbach 2443:Dietrich Eckart 2428:Rudolf Buttmann 2423:Philipp Bouhler 2393: 2388: 2349:Gottfried Feder 2324:Friedrich Weber 2319:Hermann Kriebel 2279: 2270: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2235: 2219: 2208: 2114:The anniversary 2062:crowned with a 2002: 1991: 1985: 1982: 1939: 1937: 1927: 1915: 1904: 1761:Sturmbannführer 1738: 1731: 1717: 1704: 1691: 1678: 1672: 1659: 1651:Franz von Papen 1565: 1558:Georg Neithardt 1540:Georg Neithardt 1503:Emminger Reform 1483:in the special 1470:Friedrich Weber 1462:Hermann Kriebel 1448:officer status. 1441: 1375: 1359:Otto von Lossow 1335:Löwenbräukeller 1331: 1291: 1260: 1176:Friedrich Weber 1160:Löwenbräukeller 1145:Hermann Kriebel 1070:Weimar Republic 1046: 988:Otto von Lossow 876:but still held 847: 839:Nazi propaganda 796:Weimar Republic 791: 745:, was a failed 735: 730: 617:Klaipėda Revolt 538: 533: 531: 529: 490:Several wounded 489: 483: 482: 480: 456: 452:Otto von Lossow 446: 444: 433: 431: 430: 426:Gustav von Kahr 420: 418: 408: 406: 393: 391: 390: 375: 373: 372: 364: 362: 361: 355: 345: 343: 342: 334: 332: 331: 323: 321: 320: 312: 310: 309: 301: 299: 298: 283: 281: 260: 258: 248: 246: 241:Weimar Republic 235: 233: 182: 180: 128: 126: 122: 119: 114: 111: 109: 107: 106: 105: 103:Weimar Republic 66: 47: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6824: 6822: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6743: 6742: 6736: 6735: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6717: 6716: 6710: 6705: 6699: 6693: 6687: 6681: 6680:(2016–ongoing) 6675: 6674:(2014–ongoing) 6669: 6663: 6662:(2014–ongoing) 6657: 6651: 6645: 6639: 6638:(2009–ongoing) 6633: 6632:(2004–ongoing) 6627: 6621: 6615: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6595: 6589: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6569: 6557: 6551: 6545: 6539: 6538:(1971–ongoing) 6533: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6519: 6507: 6506: 6505: 6499: 6493: 6481: 6475: 6474:(1953–ongoing) 6469: 6463: 6462:(1950–ongoing) 6457: 6456:(1949–ongoing) 6451: 6445: 6439: 6438:(1947–ongoing) 6433: 6432:(1947–ongoing) 6427: 6426:(1947–ongoing) 6421: 6415: 6409: 6403: 6400:Noakhali riots 6397: 6391: 6385: 6379: 6373: 6367: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6289:Greek genocide 6286: 6280: 6277:Adana massacre 6274: 6268: 6262: 6256: 6250: 6244: 6238: 6232: 6226: 6220: 6214: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6172: 6166: 6160: 6154: 6148: 6142: 6141:(c.184–c. 205) 6136: 6130: 6124: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6090:State religion 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5995:Discrimination 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5947:Zoroastrianism 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5869:Untouchability 5866: 5856: 5851: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5789: 5786:discrimination 5780: 5778: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5755: 5746: 5745: 5743: 5742: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5722: 5717: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5677: 5671: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5622: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5610: 5603: 5596: 5589: 5582: 5575: 5573:Hitler Diaries 5570: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5521: 5519: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5511: 5506: 5504:Hitler's Globe 5500: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5451:August Kubizek 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5405: 5403: 5399: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5381: 5371: 5361: 5356: 5354:Braunau am Inn 5350: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5275: 5264: 5262: 5250: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5238: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5206:Hitler cabinet 5203: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5119: 5114: 5113: 5112: 5097: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5075: 5068: 5060: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4975: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4849:Hermann Göring 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4819:Adolf Eichmann 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4780: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4759: 4750: 4741: 4732: 4723: 4714: 4705: 4696: 4686: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4563:Denazification 4560: 4555: 4550: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4531:Martin Bormann 4528: 4522: 4515: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4501: 4499: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4476: 4470: 4469: 4461: 4456: 4448: 4447:External links 4445: 4444: 4443: 4431: 4421: 4399: 4392: 4386: 4364: 4358: 4342: 4336: 4314: 4307: 4300: 4294: 4276: 4269: 4263: 4240: 4239: 4226:Süddeutsche.de 4212: 4185: 4153: 4140: 4117: 4094: 4069: 4053: 4031: 4024: 3999: 3997:, p. 249. 3987: 3985:, p. 207. 3975: 3968: 3948: 3936: 3934:, p. 238. 3924: 3911: 3890:10.1086/236826 3872:Landauer, Carl 3863: 3847: 3831: 3814: 3793:10.1086/467481 3762: 3718: 3672: 3660:Britannica.com 3647: 3622: 3620:, p. 312. 3610: 3598: 3596:, p. 131. 3583: 3564: 3548: 3514: 3502: 3500:, p. 129. 3483: 3467: 3446: 3439: 3413: 3390: 3388:, p. 128. 3375: 3352: 3340: 3307: 3289: 3287:, p. 126. 3274: 3272:, p. 125. 3262: 3250: 3248:, p. 124. 3238: 3225: 3219: 3201: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3141: 3134: 3111: 3093: 3060: 3034: 3019: 2998: 2997: 2989: 2988: 2978: 2963: 2938: 2937: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2913:Herbert Norkus 2910: 2905: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2856:German October 2853: 2846: 2840: 2835: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2809: 2806:Germany portal 2793: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2678:Hermann Göring 2638: 2635: 2623:Leo Schlageter 2614: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2588:Julius Schreck 2585: 2583:Wilhelm Schmid 2580: 2575: 2570: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2554: 2549: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2528: 2526:Adolf Hühnlein 2523: 2517: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2492:Wilhelm Helfer 2489: 2484: 2479: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2417:Martin Bormann 2414: 2409: 2404: 2401: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2294:Hermann Göring 2291: 2286: 2280: 2278: 2277:Key supporters 2275: 2272: 2271: 2222: 2220: 2213: 2207: 2204: 2183:Feldherrnhalle 2147:Feldherrnhalle 2060:Feldherrnhalle 2053:Feldherrnhalle 2004: 2003: 1918: 1916: 1909: 1903: 1900: 1876: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1859: 1852: 1837: 1830: 1827: 1820: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1788: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1715:Rudolf Schraut 1712: 1699: 1686: 1676:Friedrich Fink 1671: 1668: 1658: 1655: 1642:modus operandi 1485:People's Court 1456:Adolf Hitler, 1440: 1437: 1435:and traitors. 1428:Feldherrnhalle 1399:Roman Catholic 1330: 1327: 1312:Feldherrnhalle 1284:Feldherrnhalle 1090:Hermann Göring 1064:'s successful 1045: 1042: 961:Staatskomissar 958:was appointed 935:Sturmabteilung 895:under Captain 868:, which ended 846: 843: 802:Feldherrnhalle 732: 731: 729: 728: 723: 718: 712: 711: 707: 706: 701: 699:Reichstag fire 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 664:Stennes revolt 661: 655: 654: 650: 649: 644: 639: 637:German October 634: 632:Küstrin Putsch 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 548: 547: 543: 540: 539: 530: 528: 527: 520: 513: 505: 497: 496: 492: 491: 486: 476: 475: 471: 470: 467: 463: 462: 458: 457: 455: 454: 442: 428: 416: 403: 401: 381:Hermann Göring 278: 277: 273: 272: 271: 270: 256: 230: 229: 228: 221: 214: 207: 203:Sturmabteilung 199: 176: 175: 171: 170: 167: 166: 165: 164: 157: 156:Putsch failure 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 129:48.130; 11.592 93: 91: 87: 86: 83: 75: 74: 58: 57: 50: 49: 26: 24: 18:Felix Allfarth 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6823: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6733: 6728: 6721: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6703: 6700: 6697: 6694: 6691: 6688: 6685: 6682: 6679: 6676: 6673: 6670: 6667: 6664: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6646: 6643: 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5385: 5382: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5345: 5339: 5337: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5272:Kehlsteinhaus 5269: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5254: 5251: 5245: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5221:The Holocaust 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5201:Rise to power 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5110: 5109:Führerprinzip 5106: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5081: 5076: 5074: 5069: 5067: 5062: 5061: 5058: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4947: 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4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4519:Anton Drexler 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4492: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4478: 4477: 4474: 4468: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4450: 4446: 4442:at Wikisource 4441: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4387:9781447251118 4383: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4295:0-14-303469-3 4291: 4287: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4247: 4246: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4213: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4147:"Ernst Röhm, 4144: 4141: 4138: 4137:0-06-055870-9 4134: 4130: 4126: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4114:0-385-42053-6 4111: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4095: 4083: 4079: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4050:0-02-897502-2 4047: 4043: 4042: 4035: 4032: 4027: 4021: 4016: 4015: 4009: 4008:Hitler, Adolf 4003: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3976: 3971: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3952: 3949: 3946:at spiegel.de 3945: 3940: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3855:Piers Brendon 3851: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3839:Claudia Koonz 3835: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3729:(June 1944). 3728: 3722: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3673: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3579:0-7864-1045-0 3576: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3549: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3451: 3447: 3442: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3426: 3417: 3414: 3411: 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Episode 4. 3325: 3321: 3317: 3311: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3239: 3236:. Dial Press. 3235: 3229: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3212: 3205: 3202: 3199:, p. 75. 3198: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3166: 3162: 3161:0-674-01172-4 3158: 3154: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3072:Hitler, Adolf 3067: 3065: 3061: 3048: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3009: 3003: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2982: 2979: 2974: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2928: 2921: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2829: 2828: 2821: 2815: 2810: 2807: 2796: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2746:Wilhelm Frick 2744: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2728: 2723: 2722: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2685: 2683: 2679: 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2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2276: 2268: 2265: 2257: 2254:November 2020 2247: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2223:This section 2221: 2217: 2212: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2196:Christian Ude 2191: 2186: 2184: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2164: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2123:Kristallnacht 2119: 2115: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2054: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2030: 2029: 2023: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2000: 1997: 1989: 1986:November 2021 1978: 1975: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1947: – 1946: 1942: 1941:Find sources: 1935: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1919:This section 1917: 1913: 1908: 1907: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1882:According to 1880: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1792:Aschaffenburg 1789: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1736: 1728: 1721: 1716: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1702:Max Schoberth 1700: 1695: 1690: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1646: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1604:Wilhelm Frick 1601: 1597: 1593: 1587: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1511:trier of fact 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1445: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1415:Pope Pius XII 1412: 1409:and with the 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1329:Counterattack 1328: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1279: 1272: 1270: 1264: 1259: 1250: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1219: 1213: 1208: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1126:Robert Wagner 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1066:March on Rome 1063: 1055: 1050: 1043: 1041: 1013: 1007: 1002: 989: 975: 962: 955: 947: 940: 937: 936: 929: 928: 922: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 894: 893:Bavarian Army 889: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 862: 859: 858: 852: 844: 842: 840: 836: 832: 827: 826: 820: 814: 812: 807: 804: 803: 797: 794:, during the 789: 785: 780: 779: 773: 769: 768: 762: 757: 752: 748: 744: 743:Munich Putsch 740: 727: 726:Kristallnacht 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 713: 709: 708: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 656: 652: 651: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 602:Ruhr uprising 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 549: 545: 544: 541: 536: 526: 521: 519: 514: 512: 507: 506: 503: 493: 487: 478: 477: 472: 468: 465: 464: 459: 453: 443: 440: 429: 427: 417: 415: 405: 404: 402: 400: 388: 382: 371: 370:Robert Wagner 360: 358: 352: 341: 330: 319: 308: 296: 290: 280: 279: 274: 269: 268: 257: 255: 245: 244: 243: 242: 231: 227: 226: 222: 220: 219: 215: 213: 212: 208: 205: 204: 200: 197: 194: 193: 192: 191: 190: 178: 177: 172: 162: 158: 155: 154: 153: 150: 147: 146: 142: 139: 138: 133: 104: 100: 96: 92: 89: 88: 84: 81: 80: 76: 72: 71: 67:Nazis at the 64: 59: 56: 51: 46:Munich Putsch 44: 41: 37: 33: 32:Doug Stanhope 19: 6761:Adolf Hitler 6582:(1991–2001) 6562:(1984–1989) 6522:Famen Temple 6512:(1966–1976) 6322:(1922–1991) 6291:(1913–1922) 5822:Christianity 5812:Baháʼí Faith 5737: 5686:Heinz Hitler 5676:(half-niece) 5662:Paula Hitler 5638:Klara Hitler 5632:Alois Hitler 5605: 5598: 5591: 5584: 5577: 5565: 5558: 5551: 5544: 5384:Obersalzberg 5335: 5283:Führerbunker 5282: 5260:Headquarters 5257: 5216:World War II 5211:Nazi Germany 5164:Zweites Buch 5162: 5143: 5107: 5100: 5087:Adolf Hitler 5023:Nazi Germany 4934:Albert Speer 4839:Walther Funk 4804:Rudolf Diels 4794:Kurt Daluege 4784:Artur Axmann 4683:Publications 4629:Hitler Youth 4598:Röhm scandal 4552: 4525:Adolf Hitler 4466: 4427: 4407: 4395: 4372: 4349: 4346:Kershaw, Ian 4326:. New York: 4322: 4318:Kershaw, Ian 4310: 4303: 4283: 4272: 4253: 4245:Bibliography 4244: 4243: 4230:. Retrieved 4225: 4215: 4203:. Retrieved 4188: 4180: 4176: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4148: 4143: 4128: 4120: 4105: 4102:Toland, John 4097: 4085:. Retrieved 4081: 4072: 4056: 4039: 4034: 4013: 4002: 3990: 3983:Kershaw 2008 3978: 3958: 3951: 3939: 3932:Kershaw 1999 3927: 3919: 3914: 3881: 3875: 3866: 3858: 3850: 3842: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3784: 3778: 3775:Zeisel, Hans 3765: 3740: 3734: 3721: 3694: 3688: 3675: 3663:. Retrieved 3659: 3650: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3594:Kershaw 2008 3567: 3559: 3551: 3539:. Retrieved 3537:. p. 13 3534: 3505: 3498:Kershaw 2008 3470: 3461: 3424: 3416: 3404:, pp. 36–37 3401: 3393: 3386:Kershaw 2008 3363: 3355: 3348:Kershaw 2008 3343: 3331:. 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1278:Odeonsplatz 1261: [ 1180:Rudolf Hess 1106:Ulrich Graf 1098:Rudolf Hess 1086:machine gun 874:German Army 870:World War I 835:Rudolf Hess 782:leaders in 747:coup d'état 721:July Putsch 597:Kapp Putsch 329:Rudolf Hess 127: / 70:Marienplatz 6745:Categories 6165:(643–1526) 6040:Iconoclasm 6035:Hate crime 5965:Censorship 5854:Falun Gong 5497:belongings 5388:Kampfhäusl 5309:Tannenberg 5304:Felsennest 5299:Anlage Süd 5294:Adlerhorst 5247:Places of 5156:in English 5145:Mein Kampf 5028:Nazi songs 4919:Fritz Todt 4904:Ernst Röhm 4884:Robert Ley 4824:Hans Frank 4503:Nazi Party 4063:, p. 4014:Mein Kampf 3995:Evans 2003 3884:(3): 222. 3787:(1): 135. 3641:, p. 3477:, p. 3053:25 October 2929:References 2771:Ernst Röhm 2727:Oberländer 2654:trenchcoat 2650:slouch hat 2448:Hans Frank 2412:Franz Bock 2309:Ernst Röhm 2190:1923:...') 2080:Ich Kämpfe 2076:Mein Kampf 2042:Mein Kampf 2037:Nazi Party 1956:newspapers 1895:Mein Kampf 1884:Ernst Röhm 1849:Traunstein 1773:Mein Kampf 1729:Putschists 1657:Fatalities 1636:Mein Kampf 1625:, Hitler, 1619:propaganda 1554:lay judges 1531:Bayernbund 1519:lay judges 1419:Regensburg 1395:Franz Matt 1348:Reichswehr 1243:Reichswehr 1239:Reichswehr 1234:Reichswehr 1149:Ernst Röhm 1110:Adolf Lenk 1044:The putsch 981:Reichswehr 921:revanchist 907:Iron Cross 864:After the 851:beer halls 845:Background 825:Mein Kampf 774:and other 751:Nazi Party 716:Röhm purge 318:Ernst Röhm 267:Reichswehr 196:Nazi Party 163:leadership 161:Nazi Party 159:Arrest of 115:11°35′31″E 112:48°07′48″N 6516:Four Olds 6229:Test Acts 6095:Terrorism 5937:Rastafari 5886:Ahmadiyya 5626:Eva Braun 5495:Personal 5476:Paintings 5446:Bodyguard 5431:Sexuality 5288:Vorbunker 5249:residence 5151:in Arabic 4746:Panzerbär 4710:Das Reich 4417:824193307 4320:(1999) . 4169:Karl Kulm 4087:6 October 4061:Bear 2016 3906:145412298 3809:144941508 3639:Bear 2016 3510:King 2017 3475:Bear 2016 3155:, p. 24, 3088:638670803 2994:Citations 2970:Hitler's 2946:Known in 2850:Blutfahne 2369:Max Amann 2225:does not 2100:Löwenbräu 2048:Blutfahne 1797:Blutfahne 1751:Blutfahne 1600:acquitted 1584:Zuchthaus 1580:Gefängnis 1354:Freikorps 1304:Blutfahne 1229:Kampfbund 1114:Max Amann 1001:Kampfbund 927:Kampfbund 902:Gefreiter 897:Karl Mayr 778:Kampfbund 653:1929-1933 546:1918-1923 479:15 killed 189:Kampfbund 6732:Religion 6253:Utah War 6123:(64–313) 6100:Violence 5990:Domicide 5942:Yazidism 5859:Hinduism 5817:Buddhism 5793:By group 5739:Category 5664:(sister) 5640:(mother) 5634:(father) 5593:Downfall 5139:Prophecy 5134:Speeches 5094:Politics 4664:NSDAP/AO 4426:(1961). 4405:(1960). 4370:(2017). 4348:(2008). 4282:(2003). 4232:21 March 4205:26 April 4199:Archived 4010:(1999). 3665:26 March 3460:(1941). 3366:, p. 36 3333:28 March 3318:(2001). 3074:(1924). 3011:Archived 2792:See also 2176:cremated 2064:swastika 1841:Bayreuth 1608:morphine 1269:hostages 984:General 967:von Kahr 886:Marxists 878:Austrian 488:4 killed 90:Location 53:Part of 6486:(1963) 6243:(1700s) 5958:Methods 5915:Judaism 5901:Sunnism 5891:Shi'ism 5802:Atheism 5314:Werwolf 5268:Berghof 4541:History 3922:, p. 22 3898:1871460 3861:, p. 38 3757:1283584 3713:1094713 2950:as the 2246:removed 2231:sources 1970:scholar 1834:Oschatz 1781:Leipzig 1489:Austria 1433:Judases 1391:cabinet 1157:in the 1031:Seisser 811:treason 788:Bavaria 710:Related 659:Blutmai 383: ( 357:† 291: ( 198:(NSDAP) 99:Bavaria 6715:(2024) 6704:(2023) 6698:(2020) 6692:(2019) 6686:(2019) 6644:(2011) 6626:(2002) 6620:(2001) 6614:(2000) 6608:(2000) 6600:(1999) 6594:(1995) 6576:(1990) 6568:(1989) 6556:(1984) 6532:(1971) 6524:(1966) 6518:(1966) 6504:(1963) 6498:(1963) 6492:(1963) 6480:(1955) 6468:(1950) 6444:(1948) 6420:(1947) 6414:(1946) 6408:(1946) 6402:(1946) 6372:(1933) 6360:(1924) 6279:(1909) 6267:(1864) 6261:(1860) 6177:(1191) 6159:(1099) 6153:(1096) 6114:Events 6050:Pogrom 5896:Sufism 5698:Blondi 5628:(wife) 5618:Family 5579:Moloch 5409:Health 5374:Munich 5364:Vienna 5258:Führer 5189:Events 5180:Nazism 5102:Führer 4583:Nazism 4533:(1945) 4511:Leader 4415: 4384: 4356: 4334: 4292: 4261: 4135: 4112: 4048: 4022: 3966: 3904: 3896: 3827:Hitler 3807: 3801:724014 3799: 3755: 3711: 3577: 3437: 3408: 3370: 3217: 3159: 3132: 3086: 2948:German 2920: 2786: 2711:, and 2680:, and 2138:Every 1972: 1965: 1958: 1951: 1943: 1902:Legacy 1856:Bremen 1633:wrote 1549:Führer 1515:judges 1468:, and 1345:, the 1218:et al. 1037:Lossow 1006:Berlin 784:Munich 466:2,000+ 353: 148:Result 140:Action 95:Munich 34:, see 6147:(732) 5876:Islam 5708:Other 5700:(dog) 5525:Books 5441:Staff 5231:Death 5175:Books 3902:S2CID 3894:JSTOR 3845:p. 21 3805:S2CID 3797:JSTOR 3753:JSTOR 3709:JSTOR 3078:[ 2658:loden 1977:JSTOR 1963:books 1722:] 1709:] 1696:] 1683:] 1570:] 1380:] 1296:] 1265:] 1212:dawn! 790:, on 5784:and 5359:Linz 5127:List 4971:) / 4413:OCLC 4382:ISBN 4354:ISBN 4332:ISBN 4290:ISBN 4259:ISBN 4234:2024 4207:2009 4171:bei 4133:ISBN 4110:ISBN 4089:2023 4065:PT21 4046:ISBN 4020:ISBN 3964:ISBN 3667:2011 3643:PT22 3575:ISBN 3543:2014 3479:PT20 3435:ISBN 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