224:
training school could now be ordered to serve out their sentence at a refuge. The 1942 amendment also added the provision that orders under the act could now be appealed at the
Ontario Court of Appeal. In 1958, the administration of orders under the act became the responsibility of the Deputy Minister of Reform Institutions.
256:, was incarcerated in 1939 because she was unmarried and living with a Chinese man. She was deemed incorrigible and placed in Mercer. Although pregnant, she was institutionalized for a period of ten months. She would later sue the Ontario government and receive an out-of-court settlement and an apology.
223:
Subsequent amendments referred to matters of administration, such as municipal regulations. The 1939 amendment changed the terms of transfer from an industrial refuge from those "unmanageable or incorrigible" to any inmate to a "common gaol" or the Mercer
Reformatory. In 1942, women sentenced to a
166:
was an act passed by the
Ontario Legislature. The Act granted judges the power to order the incarceration of women in Ontario for various reasons such as public intoxication, and morals crimes. It also granted judges the power to order the placement of girls who were deemed uncontrollable or
236:
in
Toronto, which had as one department the Industrial Refuge for Girls. Another was Belmont House in Toronto, which opened in 1853 and closed in 1939. Roman Catholic women were sent to the "Good Shepherd" in Sudbury, and juveniles were sent to the Galt reform school.
178:
in 1913. The 1913 act added several other terms for commitment to a house of refuge. The 1919 amendment added provisions for commitment for "drunkards", those begging, and for parents to commit their "incorrigible" daughters.
249:. It also convened a grand jury to examine the Mercer Reformatory. They found deplorable conditions and recommended several reforms. The Mercer Reformatory was closed in 1969, five years later.
393:
245:
In the years leading up to 1964, increasing scrutiny was given to the primary facility, the Mercer
Reformatory. In 1964, the Government of Ontario decided to repeal the act, passing
232:
An "industrial refuge" was simply an institution designated by the
Lieutenant-Governor in Council as a place to which females could be committed. One prominent institution was the
167:'incorrigible' into reform facilities. In these "industrial refuges", the inmates (if able) were expected to work, the proceeds of which were used to support the institution.
208:
Any person could bring forth a woman under the age of thirty-five to a judge, "is an habitual drunkard or by reason of other vices is leading an idle and dissolute life."
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A judge or magistrate could send the woman to a refuge for a period of no more than five years, which was later reduced to two years in the 1919 version of the act.
498:
642:
474:
Sangster, Joan (2001). "Defining Sexual
Promiscuity: "Race," Gender, and Class in the Operation of Ontario's Female Refuges Act, 1930-1960".
451:
198:
The 1913 act incorporated the 1893 version terms and amended this to limit the age of inmates covered by the act to thirty-five and under.
233:
461:
Sangster, Joan (1996). "Incarcerating 'Bad Girls': The
Regulation of Sexuality through the Female Refuges Act in Ontario, 1920–1945".
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Any person could bring forth a woman under the age of thirty-five to a judge if they have been found begging in a public place
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Any parent or guardian could bring forth a woman under the age of twenty-one "who proves un-manageable or incorrigible"
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A judge could order any woman convicted of a crime to be committed to a refuge instead of a prison or local jail.
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An inmate of a training school for girls could be committed to a refuge to complete the rest of their term.
394:"She stole a blanket and was trapped in a home for wayward girls for 15 years. Then she made a run for it"
621:
586:
573:
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447:
253:
636:
74:
38:
513:
Ontario (1893). "An Act respecting Houses of Refuge for
Females, c39".
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Toronto's Girl
Problem: The Perils and Pleasures of the City, 1880-1930
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84:
271:
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548:"An Act respecting Industrial Refuges for Females, c 84"
526:"An Act respecting Industrial Refuges for Females, c 56"
446:. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
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48:An Act respecting Industrial Refuges for Females
622:"An Act to repeal The Female Refuges Act, c 32"
609:"An Act to amend The Female Refuges Act, c 28"
587:"An Act to amend The Female Refuges Act, c 30"
172:An Act respecting Houses of Refuge for Females
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174:was passed in 1893. It was replaced by the
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170:The first Act governing houses of refuge,
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247:An Act to repeal The Female Refuges Act
143:An Act to repeal The Female Refuges Act
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490:
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602:(pdf). Osgoode Hall, York University.
541:(pdf). Osgoode Hall, York University.
539:"Female Refuges Act, RSO 1914, c 134"
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228:House of Refuge or Industrial Refuge
626:Statutes of the Province of Ontario
613:Statutes of the Province of Ontario
591:Statutes of the Province of Ontario
578:Statutes of the Province of Ontario
565:Statutes of the Province of Ontario
552:Statutes of the Province of Ontario
530:Statutes of the Province of Ontario
516:Statutes of the Province of Ontario
463:Journal of the History of Sexuality
234:Andrew Mercer Reformatory for Women
183:Terms and conditions for committal
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600:"Female Refuges Act, R.S.O. 1950"
415:. February 28, 1958. p. 6.
61:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
29:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
643:Ontario provincial legislation
574:"Statute Law Amendments, c 34"
561:"Statute Law Amendments, c 47"
392:Daubs, Katie (July 20, 2018).
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187:Under the original 1893 act:
679:
483:Strange, Carolyn (1995).
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442:Demerson, Velma (2004).
16:Ontario, Canada statute
532:. pp. 1071–1073.
663:1964 in Canadian law
658:1919 in Canadian law
653:1913 in Canadian law
290:, pp. 438, 439.
201:The 1919 act added:
580:. pp. 111–112.
554:. pp. 435–439.
519:. pp. 213–215.
487:. Toronto, Ontario.
137:Related legislation
413:Toronto Daily Star
411:"A Horrible Law".
176:Female Refuges Act
163:Female Refuges Act
23:Female Refuges Act
453:978-0-88920-444-7
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79:May 6, 1913
637:Categories
260:References
219:Amendments
96:Amended by
39:Long title
493:cite book
478:: 45–64.
153:Repealed
150:Status:
85:Repeals
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241:Repeal
104:1919 (
66:Passed
108:c.84)
499:link
448:ISBN
160:The
106:S.O.
69:1913
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.