4760:
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133:, whereas feminist HCI applies social principles to the techniques used in HCI design. While it was not disputed there were significant gender gaps in technology participation, there was academic disagreement about the importance or relevance of gender in HCI design in the 2000s. Feminist HCI was also influenced by
236:: Bardzell states there is a conflict between preserving the status quo of existing software in order for it to be familiar to users but with less features, and changing software which may impose developer values onto users. She suggests that users should be able to advocate for desired software through
276:
are used for targeted advertising, which in turn affects what media a user may see or purchase on the website, and over time this may change how the user behaves when using Amazon or in general. She believes that this effect is harmful and that a way to mitigate this harm is to give the users options
102:
One such contribution to the development of HCI in the 90s was by John M. Carroll in 1991, which described in detail how scientific principles were applied to HCI experimental design. Carroll writes that at the time, the 50 year struggle to establish psychology as a science was an important factor in
271:
Self-disclosure: Bardzell asserts that typical HCI design involves making assumptions about the 'ideal' user for a website for a human-computer interface, and that this necessarily discriminates based on how similar any particular user is to this image of the ideal user. In turn, she states how
148:
It was one of the first papers at the time to propose adoption of feminist theories into HCI research and practice. It was followed up witth a second publication in 2011 detailing the historical interaction between social science and feminism, and how this relates to HCI.
152:
According to a 2020 study of 70 papers using of the term and citing
Bardzell's original paper, it was found that Bardzell's proposed frameworks have been widely cited but rarely used and in practice only amount to a superficial engagement with feminist theory.
103:
trying to apply the scientific method to HCI studies. Through the 1970s, the typical measures used by empirical studies for HCI were relatively simple; error frequencies and performance times such as by using or testing
272:
software imposes this expectation of an intended or correct method on the user, expecting the users to change in order to use the software effectively. For example, she considers that the data collection practices of
62:
of HCI software. The term was originally used in 2010 by
Shaowen Bardzell, and although the concept and original publication are widely cited, as of 2020 Bardzell's proposed frameworks have been rarely used since.
128:
was first described in 2006, and its development is related to feminist HCI. Gender HCI by comparison, examines the functional differences between females and males in using specific computing software such as
3157:
268:. Bardzell instead suggests a more holistic approach, such as by involving emotion, fun, spirituality, food, sexuality, and whole-body interactions as experimental elements, especially in gender HCI studies.
260:: A significant part of HCI research at the time in experimental design generally involved isolating single ('disembodied') factors and studying them separately within their own model, such as a
222:: Users of technology are typically viewed in HCI as subjects rather than on an equal level with the designers. Bardzell suggests having users be contribute design process (e.g. through
3113:
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250:
effects of HCI on larger social structures and ecosystems. For example, the way a house is designed has an impact on structuring the lives of people who live in it (see
4305:
4061:
2574:
930:
D'Ignazio, Catherine; Hope, Alexis; Michelson, Becky; Churchill, Robyn; Zuckerman, Ethan (2016). "A Feminist HCI Approach to
Designing Postpartum Technologies".
3773:
3194:
177:, and the already existing theories on gender HCI. This is followed by a literature review of how feminism has been applied to similar fields, including
75:
could contribute to the development of the field of HCI. As computer systems at the time were widely regarded as difficult to learn and use, mainstream
3172:
107:. However, these scientifically minded studies did not produce insight into improving programming. It was not well understood at the time, how to use
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For comparison, design theory that does not reference or use the term HCI can also involve feminist perspectives in design, such as:
43:
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2019:
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1982:
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2004:
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of HCI to change to better align with feminist standpoint theory. Bardzell considers principles including
108:
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1999:
1994:
1977:
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96:
84:
39:
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1987:
1967:
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HCI design is important to not erase cultures. Bardzell gives an example of how a particular
Western
116:
72:
1018:
Proceedings of Pivot 2020: Designing a World of Many
Centers - DRS Pluriversal Design SIG Conference
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2009:
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2194:
2029:
2014:
1873:
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1506:
1238:
1090:
1041:
994:
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912:
846:
798:
750:
667:
622:
492:
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387:
325:
291:
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204:, this quality argues that human experience and culture is too varied to be captured within the
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614:
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Beckwith, Laura; Burnett, Margaret; Grigoreanu, Valentina; Wiedenbeck, Susan (November 2006).
561:
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1950:
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889:
Dimond, Jill P.; Dye, Michaelanne; Larose, Daphne; Bruckman, Amy S. (2013). "Hollaback!".
237:
213:
130:
92:
47:
31:
27:
359:
Addressing user needs at multiple levels, including support for pleasure/ fun/ happiness
216:
brand imported to India was poorly designed to operate with, and damaged Indian clothes.
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1201:
971:
Fiesler, Casey; Morrison, Shannon; Bruckman, Amy S. (2016). "An
Archive of Their Own".
186:
178:
104:
88:
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1233:
1226:
998:
916:
471:
Extended
Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
205:
182:
170:
1069:
Proceedings of Design as a
Catalyst for Change - DRS International Conference 2018
1026:
556:. Cambridge series on human-computer interaction (Reprinted ed.). Cambridge:
746:
3585:
3402:
3311:
2890:
2885:
2865:
2785:
2705:
2514:
2419:
1729:
1704:
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1528:
1276:
1253:
1248:
1191:
1186:
865:
321:
310:
190:
1061:"Learning from Feminist Critiques of and Recommendations for Industrial Design"
691:
Proceedings of the 28th ACM International
Conference on Design of Communication
4046:
3810:
2987:
2504:
2099:
1878:
1600:
1580:
1434:
1272:
295:
124:
35:
686:
641:
618:
538:
514:
466:
416:
193:. The main proposal of the theory is using six core qualities in HCI design:
79:
theories and models in psychology were used as a basis from which to develop
4041:
3646:
2973:
2959:
2770:
2494:
2479:
2437:
2049:
1609:
1449:
980:
973:
Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human
Factors in Computing Systems
939:
932:
Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
898:
832:
784:
702:
653:
530:
478:
428:
392:
353:
867:
Feminist HCI for real: Designing technology in support of a social movement
1076:
825:
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
777:
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
421:
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
324:
community, consisting mostly of women, designed an accessible website for
4086:
3880:
3753:
3501:
3031:
2104:
1151:
891:
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
594:
233:
1060:
610:
3264:
2725:
2653:
1263:
417:"Towards a feminist HCI methodology: Social science, feminism, and HCI"
341:
875:
2484:
1135:
208:
of one single technology or framework. This principle suggests that
144:
was first used in a 2010 paper by Shaowen Bardzell's article titled
83:, methods, analytic tools and prescriptive advice for the design of
1196:
1012:
Prochner, Isabel (2020). "Starting a Feminist Design Think Tank".
769:
349:
Following best practices in labor/ international production /trade
277:
to manually change or 'disclose' media recommendation preferences.
554:
Designing interaction: psychology at the human-computer interface
467:"Bardzell's "Feminist HCI" Legacy: Analyzing Citational Patterns"
2236:
646:
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
226:). She argues that this work should occur alongside traditional
3004:
2689:
2392:
1837:
1164:
1108:
770:"Feminist HCI: Taking stock and outlining an agenda for design"
309:
using consumer participation, advocacy, and ecology to improve
146:
Feminist HCI: Taking Stock and Outlining an Agenda for Design.
71:
In the early 1980s, there was optimism as to how the field of
344:
emphasis on human life and prosperity over output and growth
3000:
515:"New theoretical approaches for human-computer interaction"
1104:
161:
Bardzell's original theory first examines the history of
465:
Chivukula, Shruthi Sai; Gray, Colin M. (2020-04-25).
286:
Examples of research utilizing feminist HCI include:
3114:
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)
4680:
4619:
4612:
4291:
3998:
3692:
3625:
3522:
3242:
3231:
3123:
3090:
3047:
3038:
2626:
2585:
2528:
2418:
1670:
1589:
1505:
1413:
1295:
1175:
519:
Annual Review of Information Science and Technology
415:Bardzell, Shaowen; Bardzell, Jeffrey (2011-05-07).
294:et al. on how a non-profit activist organisation
642:"Gender HCI issues in problem-solving software"
302:systems design, and how this affected site use.
648:. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 1104–1105.
3016:
1120:
1014:Pivot 2020: Designing a World of Many Centers
362:Creating thoughtful products for female users
8:
423:. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 675–684.
87:. This was done generally by three methods:
169:, and Bardzell describes how they want the
4616:
3774:African-American women's suffrage movement
3239:
3044:
3023:
3009:
3001:
2686:
2415:
2389:
1834:
1172:
1161:
1127:
1113:
1105:
823:Bardzell, Shaowen (2010). "Feminist HCI".
1059:Prochner, Isabel; Marchand, Anne (2018).
1025:
3719:Discrimination against transgender women
2644:Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)
473:. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 1–8.
731:"A theoretical agenda for feminist HCI"
580:
404:
356:/ interdisciplinary/ collaborative work
724:
722:
687:"Gender HCI: What about the software?"
595:"Gender HCI: What About the Software?"
16:Subfield of human-computer interaction
4062:Post-structuralist discourse analysis
3339:Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary
2649:Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)
7:
508:
506:
460:
458:
456:
410:
408:
373:Topics in human-computer interaction
298:used use feminist HCI principles in
870:. Georgia Institute of Technology.
695:Association for Computing Machinery
685:Burnett, Margaret M. (2010-09-27).
300:computer-supported cooperative work
38:to social topics in HCI, including
2593:American Institute of Graphic Arts
768:Bardzell, Shaowen (January 2010).
246:: Bardzell suggests examining the
14:
2603:Design and Industries Association
175:equity, diversity, social justice
4768:
4759:
4758:
4746:
4306:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3729:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
252:feminism and modern architecture
2598:Chartered Society of Designers
640:Beckwith, Laura (2005-04-02).
167:science and technology studies
135:science and technology studies
1:
2669:Prince Philip Designers Prize
1312:Architectural lighting design
1027:10.21606/pluriversal.2020.105
266:information processing theory
4668:Suffragists and suffragettes
2475:Electronic design automation
2458:Virtual home design software
1430:Automotive suspension design
747:10.1016/j.intcom.2011.04.005
254:for additional information).
1334:Environmental impact design
320:et al. about how an online
4816:
4795:Human–computer interaction
2613:International Forum Design
1983:Engineering design process
735:Interacting with Computers
729:Rode, Jennifer A. (2011).
558:Cambridge University Press
202:feminist standpoint theory
163:feminist standpoint theory
115:that is more reliable and
24:human-computer interaction
4740:
3749:Female genital mutilation
3158:Majority-Muslim countries
2948:
2696:
2685:
2414:
2388:
1844:
1833:
1735:Integrated circuit design
1657:Stage/set lighting design
1546:Hardware interface design
1462:Hardware interface design
1171:
1160:
1142:
552:Carroll, John M. (1991).
4715:Women's studies journals
4673:Women's rights activists
3234:Movements and ideologies
2570:Industrial design rights
2558:Fashion design copyright
2470:Design quality indicator
1919:Creative problem-solving
1710:Electrical system design
1566:Sonic interaction design
1477:Photographic lens design
1351:Healthy community design
4259:International relations
2766:New product development
2731:Enterprise architecture
2659:IF Product Design Award
2618:Design Research Society
2170:Reliability engineering
981:10.1145/2858036.2858409
940:10.1145/2858036.2858460
899:10.1145/2441776.2441831
833:10.1145/1753326.1753521
785:10.1145/1753326.1753521
703:10.1145/1878450.1878493
654:10.1145/1056808.1056833
531:10.1002/aris.1440380103
513:Rogers, Yvonne (2004).
479:10.1145/3334480.3382936
429:10.1145/1978942.1979041
60:unintended consequences
4688:Conservative feminisms
3988:Women in the workforce
3956:Violence against women
3931:Sexual objectification
3891:Opposition to feminism
3098:Bicycling and feminism
2222:Top-down and bottom-up
1571:User experience design
1472:Packaging and labeling
1445:Electric guitar design
1383:Landscape architecture
975:. pp. 2574–2585.
934:. pp. 2612–2622.
827:. pp. 1301–1310.
779:. pp. 1301–1310.
383:Feminist technoscience
109:structured programming
77:information processing
40:scientific objectivity
4728:Women in peacekeeping
4269:Revisionist mythology
3712:Children's literature
2751:Innovation management
2634:European Design Award
2400:Intellectual property
2217:Theory of constraints
2180:Responsibility-driven
2020:For manufacturability
1924:Creativity techniques
1762:Nuclear weapon design
1576:User interface design
1440:Corrugated box design
1361:Interior architecture
1077:10.21606/drs.2018.355
864:Dimond, Jill (2012).
693:. New York, NY, USA:
316:A 2016 case study by
290:A 2012 case study by
97:science communication
4171:Pathways perspective
4017:Gender mainstreaming
3936:Substantive equality
3916:Reproductive justice
3866:Matriarchal religion
3724:Diversity (politics)
2796:Unintelligent design
2776:Philosophy of design
2490:Design specification
2443:Comprehensive layout
2015:For behaviour change
1988:Probabilistic design
1750:Power network design
1287:Visual merchandising
1244:Instructional design
1222:Postage stamp design
893:. pp. 477–490.
224:participatory design
73:cognitive psychology
4753:Feminism portal
4633:Ecofeminist authors
4483:Trinidad and Tobago
4423:Republic of Ireland
4284:Composition studies
3966:Women's empowerment
3921:Sex workers' rights
3846:Feminist capitalism
3826:Internalized sexism
3764:Feminism in culture
3647:Kurdish (Jineology)
2716:Creative industries
2639:German Design Award
2548:Design infringement
2433:Architectural model
1772:Organization design
1767:Nucleic acid design
1715:Experimental design
1268:Traffic sign design
611:10.1109/mc.2006.382
307:Catherine D'Ignazio
85:computer interfaces
52:data interpretation
26:(HCI) that applies
4129:Literary criticism
4007:Complementarianism
3734:Effects on society
3702:Complementarianism
3514:Women's liberation
2781:Process simulation
2756:Intelligent design
2080:Intelligence-based
2075:Integrated topside
2005:Framework-oriented
1690:Behavioural design
1561:Information design
1239:Information design
388:Interaction design
326:Archive of Our Own
93:cognitive modeling
4782:
4781:
4736:
4735:
4146:Political ecology
4052:Écriture féminine
3951:Triple oppression
3941:Toxic masculinity
3926:Sexual harassment
3791:Feminist stripper
3769:Feminist movement
3688:
3687:
3626:Ethnic and racial
3227:
3226:
2998:
2997:
2944:
2943:
2711:Conceptual design
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2664:James Dyson Award
2520:Website wireframe
2510:Technical drawing
2384:
2383:
2232:Transgenerational
1973:Ecological design
1849:Activity-centered
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1807:Spacecraft design
1601:Public art design
1539:Video game design
1517:Experience design
1487:Production design
1467:Motorcycle design
1425:Automotive design
1329:Ecological design
1207:Film title design
1065:DRS2018: Catalyst
567:978-0-521-40921-6
228:usability testing
81:design principles
22:is a subfield of
4807:
4772:
4771:
4762:
4761:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4617:
4600:History of women
4077:Political theory
3978:
3971:Women-only space
3856:Likeability trap
3744:Female education
3240:
3235:
3195:African-American
3125:Women's suffrage
3116:
3103:Feminist history
3045:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3002:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2687:
2564:Geschmacksmuster
2538:Community design
2416:
2390:
2150:Process-centered
1946:Design–bid–build
1914:Cradle-to-cradle
1894:Concept-oriented
1835:
1812:Strategic design
1782:Processor design
1757:Mechanism design
1725:Geometric design
1685:Algorithm design
1625:Jewellery design
1556:Immersive design
1450:Furniture design
1395:Landscape design
1173:
1162:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1029:
1009:
1003:
1002:
968:
962:
961:
927:
921:
920:
886:
880:
879:
861:
855:
854:
820:
814:
813:
811:
809:
774:
765:
759:
758:
726:
717:
716:
682:
676:
675:
637:
631:
630:
590:
584:
578:
572:
571:
549:
543:
542:
510:
501:
500:
462:
451:
450:
412:
354:non-hierarchical
305:A 2016 paper by
4815:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4769:
4747:
4745:
4732:
4676:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4515:Northern Cyprus
4287:
4279:Science fiction
4072:Oedipus complex
4032:Women's studies
3994:
3993:
3992:
3976:
3886:Oedipus complex
3876:Men in feminism
3841:Language reform
3821:Ideal womanhood
3801:Gender equality
3796:Formal equality
3759:Feminationalism
3684:
3652:Native American
3621:
3620:
3619:
3518:
3428:Post-structural
3233:
3223:
3119:
3112:
3108:Women's history
3086:
3034:
3029:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2940:
2741:Futures studies
2692:
2673:
2622:
2581:
2530:
2524:
2410:
2409:
2380:
2286:Value sensitive
2276:User innovation
2155:Public interest
2120:Object-oriented
1840:
1821:
1802:Software design
1792:Research design
1745:Physical design
1700:Database design
1674:
1672:
1666:
1642:Property design
1637:Game art design
1591:
1585:
1508:
1501:
1416:
1409:
1366:Interior design
1317:Building design
1298:
1291:
1178:
1167:
1156:
1138:
1133:
1103:
1102:
1087:
1071:. Vol. 2.
1058:
1057:
1053:
1038:
1011:
1010:
1006:
991:
970:
969:
965:
950:
929:
928:
924:
909:
888:
887:
883:
863:
862:
858:
843:
822:
821:
817:
807:
805:
795:
772:
767:
766:
762:
728:
727:
720:
713:
697:. p. 251.
684:
683:
679:
664:
639:
638:
634:
592:
591:
587:
579:
575:
568:
551:
550:
546:
512:
511:
504:
489:
464:
463:
454:
439:
414:
413:
406:
401:
369:
335:
284:
238:customisability
214:washing machine
159:
157:Original theory
111:to make higher
69:
48:data collection
32:critical theory
28:feminist theory
17:
12:
11:
5:
4813:
4811:
4803:
4802:
4797:
4787:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4766:
4756:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4721:SCUM Manifesto
4717:
4712:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4623:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4592:
4590:United Kingdom
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4264:Existentialism
4261:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4220:Existentialism
4217:
4216:
4215:
4213:Justice ethics
4205:
4200:
4195:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4012:Gender studies
4009:
4004:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3983:Women's rights
3980:
3977:Women's health
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3861:Male privilege
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3830:International
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3197:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3173:United Kingdom
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2809:
2808:
2806:Wicked problem
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:Related topics
2690:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2608:Design Council
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2575:European Union
2567:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2261:
2256:
2254:Usage-centered
2251:
2250:
2249:
2247:Design for All
2239:
2234:
2229:
2227:Transformation
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2175:Research-based
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2140:Platform-based
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2090:KISS principle
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Fault-tolerant
1997:
1995:Error-tolerant
1992:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1978:Energy neutral
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1934:Design fiction
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1817:Systems design
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1787:Protein design
1784:
1779:
1777:Process design
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1740:Circuit design
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1662:Textile design
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1620:Costume design
1615:Fashion design
1612:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1513:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1497:Service design
1494:
1492:Sensory design
1489:
1484:
1482:Product design
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1400:Spatial design
1397:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1378:Keyline design
1375:
1374:
1373:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1344:Computer-aided
1336:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1212:Graphic design
1209:
1204:
1202:Exhibit design
1199:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1085:
1051:
1036:
1004:
989:
963:
948:
922:
907:
881:
856:
841:
815:
793:
760:
741:(5): 393–400.
718:
711:
677:
662:
632:
605:(11): 97–101.
585:
573:
566:
544:
502:
487:
452:
437:
403:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
368:
365:
364:
363:
360:
357:
350:
346:
345:
334:
333:Related theory
331:
330:
329:
314:
303:
283:
280:
279:
278:
269:
255:
241:
231:
217:
200:: Building on
187:urban planning
179:product design
158:
155:
89:basic research
68:
65:
44:ethical values
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4812:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4775:
4767:
4765:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4729:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4595:United States
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4443:Latin America
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Technoscience
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Art criticism
4122:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4093:
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4037:Men's studies
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3946:Transmisogyny
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3906:Purplewashing
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3901:Protofeminism
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3816:Honor killing
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3492:Transnational
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3361:Individualist
3359:
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3286:
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3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Anti-abortion
3258:
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3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3230:
3216:
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3185:United States
3183:
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2921:specification
2919:
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2859:
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2849:
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2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:architectural
2832:
2831:
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2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:Visualization
2799:
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2722:
2721:Cultural icon
2719:
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2601:
2599:
2596:
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2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:Organizations
2584:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Design patent
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Design around
2541:
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2527:
2521:
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2405:
2403:Organizations
2402:
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2298:
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2288:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2264:User-centered
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Tableless web
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:Participatory
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
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2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:For Six Sigma
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:Domain-driven
1966:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1956:architect-led
1954:
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1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
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1925:
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1912:
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1905:
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1900:
1899:Configuration
1897:
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1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Brainstorming
1862:
1860:
1857:
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1843:
1836:
1832:
1818:
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1798:
1797:Social design
1795:
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1723:
1721:
1720:Filter design
1718:
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1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Boiler design
1693:
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1686:
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1682:
1680:
1678:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1647:Scenic design
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Floral design
1630:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
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1607:
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1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1339:Garden design
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1322:Passive solar
1320:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1297:Environmental
1294:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:Retail design
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
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1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
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1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1177:Communication
1174:
1170:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:9781912294275
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1037:9781912294428
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
990:9781450333627
986:
982:
978:
974:
967:
964:
959:
955:
951:
949:9781450333627
945:
941:
937:
933:
926:
923:
918:
914:
910:
908:9781450313315
904:
900:
896:
892:
885:
882:
877:
873:
869:
868:
860:
857:
852:
848:
844:
842:9781605589299
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
816:
804:
800:
796:
794:9781605589299
790:
786:
782:
778:
771:
764:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
725:
723:
719:
714:
712:9781450304030
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
681:
678:
673:
669:
665:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
636:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
589:
586:
582:
577:
574:
569:
563:
559:
555:
548:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:(1): 87–143.
524:
520:
516:
509:
507:
503:
498:
494:
490:
488:9781450368193
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
461:
459:
457:
453:
448:
444:
440:
438:9781450302289
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
411:
409:
405:
398:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
378:Data feminism
376:
374:
371:
370:
366:
361:
358:
355:
351:
348:
347:
343:
340:
339:
338:
332:
327:
323:
319:
318:Casey Fiesler
315:
313:technologies.
312:
308:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:
287:
281:
275:
270:
267:
263:
259:
256:
253:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
221:
220:Participation
218:
215:
211:
210:heterogeneous
207:
203:
199:
196:
195:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
156:
154:
150:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
127:
126:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
66:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
4744:
4719:
4663:Rhetoricians
4653:Philosophers
4545:Saudi Arabia
4341:South Africa
4203:Epistemology
4156:Anthropology
4151:Architecture
4114:Legal theory
4022:Gynocentrism
3961:War on women
3896:Pro-feminism
3851:Gender-blind
3806:Gender quota
3779:Art movement
3576:Dianic Wicca
3455:Sex-positive
3418:Postcolonial
3299:
3285:Conservative
3265:Anti-fascist
2791:STEAM fields
2761:Lean startup
2746:Indie design
2562:
2529:Intellectual
2281:Value-driven
2259:Use-centered
2165:Regenerative
2145:Policy-based
2105:Mind mapping
2010:For assembly
1951:Design–build
1869:By committee
1854:Adaptive web
1652:Sound design
1610:glass design
1608: /
1593:applied arts
1534:Level design
1405:Urban design
1356:Hotel design
1307:Architecture
1282:Video design
1275: /
1266: /
1234:Illustration
1227:Print design
1197:Brand design
1068:
1064:
1054:
1017:
1013:
1007:
972:
966:
931:
925:
890:
884:
866:
859:
824:
818:
806:. Retrieved
776:
763:
738:
734:
690:
680:
645:
635:
602:
598:
588:
583:, p. 4.
581:Carroll 1991
576:
553:
547:
522:
518:
470:
420:
352:Engaging in
336:
285:
264:, or within
262:mental model
206:universalism
183:architecture
171:epistemology
160:
151:
145:
142:feminist HCI
141:
139:
137:research.
123:
121:
117:maintainable
113:code quality
101:
70:
20:Feminist HCI
19:
18:
4703:Comic books
4628:Art critics
4550:South Korea
4530:Philippines
4510:New Zealand
4505:Netherlands
4237:Pornography
4225:Metaphysics
4166:Criminology
4161:Archaeology
4134:Film theory
3836:Women's Day
3586:Ecofeminist
3445:Reactionary
3393:Materialist
3168:Switzerland
3163:New Zealand
3082:Fourth-wave
3065:Second-wave
2829:competition
2786:Slow design
2736:Form factor
2706:Concept art
2515:HTML editor
2195:Sustainable
2030:For testing
1874:By contract
1730:Work design
1705:Drug design
1677:engineering
1551:Icon design
1529:Game design
1507:Interaction
1455:Sustainable
1388:Sustainable
1277:Type design
1254:Photography
1249:News design
1192:Book design
1187:Advertising
1166:Disciplines
808:22 December
322:fan fiction
311:breast pump
292:Jill Dimond
191:game design
56:reflexivity
4789:Categories
4693:Literature
4638:Economists
4358:Bangladesh
4292:By country
4242:Psychology
4198:Empiricism
4193:Aesthetics
4188:Philosophy
4047:Patriarchy
4027:Matriarchy
3832:Girl's Day
3811:Girl power
3784:In hip hop
3707:Literature
3642:Indigenous
3581:Reclaiming
3477:Standpoint
3450:Separatism
3423:Postmodern
3317:Vegetarian
3307:Difference
3250:Analytical
3077:Third-wave
3060:First-wave
2989:Wiktionary
2982:Wikisource
2936:technology
2906:principles
2505:Storyboard
2331:management
2326:leadership
2291:Privacy by
2130:Parametric
2100:Metadesign
2070:Integrated
2060:High-level
2045:Generative
2040:Functional
1909:Continuous
1904:Contextual
1879:C-K theory
1839:Approaches
1581:Web design
1435:CMF design
1415:Industrial
1273:Typography
876:1853/45778
663:1595930027
399:References
342:Ecological
296:Hollaback!
258:Embodiment
125:gender HCI
105:Fitt's law
36:philosophy
4448:Argentina
4408:Indonesia
4398:Hong Kong
4353:Australia
4254:Seriality
4178:Geography
4104:Sociology
4057:Economics
4042:Kyriarchy
3544:Christian
3524:Religious
3465:Socialist
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3200:States of
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2975:Wikiquote
2961:Wikibooks
2911:rationale
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2771:OODA loop
2495:Prototype
2480:Flowchart
2438:Blueprint
2306:computing
2242:Universal
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2065:Inclusive
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1941:Defensive
1889:Co-design
1859:Affective
1095:150913753
1046:231473965
851:207178540
803:207178540
619:0018-9162
539:0066-4200
497:218483557
393:Usability
248:reflexive
198:Pluralism
140:The term
122:The term
4800:Feminism
4764:Category
4698:American
4570:Thailand
4525:Pakistan
4495:Malaysia
4478:Paraguay
4468:Honduras
4316:Ethiopia
4183:Pedagogy
4109:Rhetoric
4099:Sexology
4092:Womanist
4087:Thealogy
4082:Theology
3881:Misogyny
3754:Femicide
3739:Equality
3693:Concepts
3608:Orthodox
3571:Neopagan
3559:Womanist
3539:Buddhist
3507:Africana
3502:Womanism
3398:Maternal
3388:Lipstick
3354:Activism
3324:Equality
3290:Cultural
3275:Carceral
3210:Virginia
3190:Timeline
3133:Timeline
3070:timeline
3055:Timeline
3032:Feminism
2968:Wikinews
2901:paradigm
2881:language
2861:engineer
2856:elements
2846:director
2531:property
2376:thinking
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2269:Empathic
2200:Systemic
2160:Rational
2115:New Wave
1929:Critical
1152:Designer
958:16030755
755:10882840
672:28476456
627:15706268
599:Computer
447:17014760
367:See also
282:Examples
240:options.
234:Advocacy
4710:Parties
4585:Ukraine
4580:Vietnam
4490:Lebanon
4388:Germany
4378:Finland
4373:Denmark
4348:Albania
4336:Senegal
4331:Nigeria
4247:Therapy
4230:Science
4141:Biology
3669:Mizrahi
3637:Chicana
3598:Islamic
3534:Atheist
3470:Marxist
3440:Radical
3376:Liberal
3371:Lesbian
3349:Hip hop
3329:Eugenic
3270:Atheist
3243:General
3215:Wyoming
3048:General
3040:History
2954:Commons
2926:studies
2871:history
2839:student
2824:classic
2812:Design
2726:.design
2654:Graphex
2356:science
2346:pattern
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2316:culture
2299:Design
2110:Modular
1963:Diffuse
1884:Closure
1606:Ceramic
1264:Signage
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999:8394004
917:9473790
244:Ecology
67:History
4724:(1967)
4648:Muslim
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4473:Mexico
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4428:Israel
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4383:France
4363:Canada
4301:Africa
4208:Ethics
4067:Method
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3911:Racism
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3603:Jewish
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3143:Canada
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2819:change
2627:Awards
2500:Sketch
2485:Mockup
2465:CAutoD
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2301:choice
1675:&
1673:design
1509:design
1417:design
1299:design
1217:Motion
1179:design
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274:Amazon
58:, and
4774:Index
4681:Other
4658:Poets
4613:Lists
4560:Syria
4500:Nepal
4463:Haiti
4458:Chile
4438:Japan
4433:Italy
4403:India
4368:China
4321:Ghana
4311:Egypt
3871:Media
3681:White
3632:Black
3593:Hindu
3564:Asian
3487:Trans
3482:State
3413:Post-
3366:Labor
3295:Cyber
3178:Wales
3148:Japan
2814:brief
2701:Agile
2420:Tools
2397:Tools
2035:For X
1671:Other
1590:Other
1091:S2CID
1042:S2CID
995:S2CID
954:S2CID
913:S2CID
847:S2CID
799:S2CID
773:(PDF)
751:S2CID
668:S2CID
623:S2CID
493:S2CID
443:S2CID
131:Excel
4418:Iraq
4413:Iran
4326:Mali
3834:and
3657:Sámi
3615:Sikh
3403:Neo-
3205:Utah
2891:load
2886:life
2866:firm
2453:CAID
2321:flow
2237:TRIZ
2125:Open
1081:ISBN
1032:ISBN
985:ISBN
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903:ISBN
837:ISBN
810:2022
789:ISBN
707:ISBN
658:ISBN
615:ISSN
562:ISBN
535:ISSN
483:ISBN
433:ISBN
189:and
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34:and
4119:Art
3554:New
3408:New
3334:Fat
3312:Eco
3300:HCI
2448:CAD
2428:AAD
2205:SOD
2185:RWD
2055:HCD
1522:EED
1371:EID
1073:doi
1022:doi
977:doi
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895:doi
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