589:
612:, which he and his brother Vermudo had first received from Queen Urraca on 29 July 1118, although it was deserted at the time and required its recipients to re-found a religious community there. On the occasion of this gift, the Traba brothers responded in kind by giving a hound named Ulgar and a hunting spear to the queen's son. The gift of Sobrado was confirmed by Alfonso VII on 29 May 1135, but it was not until 14 February 1142 that the Trabas installed a Cistercian abbot, Peter, and some monks, referred to as "all the holy men of God and
214:
266:, who had been raised for a time alongside Fernán in the household of Pedro Fróilaz. The Trabas, allied with Diego, tried to make Alfonso king in Galicia in opposition to his mother. With the death of queen Urraca in 1126 and the accession of Alfonso, Fernán became the leading figure in Galicia and used the opportunity to increase his power throughout the kingdom. Together with Teresa he signed a truce with the new king (shortly after March 1126) at
345:(Latin for "count"), the highest in the kingdom, even though his father was still alive and his brother Vermudo had not yet received it, a sure indication of the influence of Teresa. In 1122 Fernán received a further two castles from her and had probably already become her lover. It has been suggested that they may have married, but Fernán was publicly rebuked by the future saint
20:
584:) Count Fernando Pérez follows this armed troop administering the Galician laws with royal care. His position had been strengthened by his tutoring of the Emperor's son. If one were to see him, one would judge him already a king. He is famed for his royal nobility, and because he bears a count's lineage.
528:
Once more
Alfonso, King of Portugal, gathered his army and went to Limia. When this news reached Galicia, Fernando Pérez and Rodrigo Vélaz and other of the Emperor's Galician nobles were summoned immediately. They marched out with their troops against the Portuguese King and met him at Cernesa. After
217:
In the 1120s Fernán's power extended over almost all of
Galicia and Portugal. His influence helped effect the division (1157) between Galicia and León on one side and Castile and Toledo on the other. Fernán's activities extended as far east as Navarre, where he made war alongside Alfonso VII, and far
631:
of
Caaveiro dated 1 April 1104, 26 February 1135, and 4 December 1154, all forgeries. The cartulary of Caaveiro retains an unusually high number of forged documents and few authentic twelfth-century specimens. This may indicate that at some point in time the abbey's archives were lost or destroyed
242:
south of
Santiago, a position threatening to the apostolic see. The archbishop promptly had it destroyed.He may have been incited by the queen, who was trying to separate Diego from the Trabas to prevent an alliance of regional powers in Galicia from defying the crown. Fernán also mediated between
473:
alleges that the
Galician magnates responsible for the defence of the frontier with Portugal were too slow in answering the royal summons and had to be bribed by Diego Gelmírez to join the royal army. Fernán appears to have been the only Galician to follow the king to the Navarrese frontier later
714:, "detained by a grave illness". The charter may have a basis in fact. There are also two charters of uncertain authenticity recording a donation dated 1 July 1155 by Fernán and his brother Vermudo to the monastery Fernán had founded at Sobrado dos Monxes.
194:), and Urraca, the wife of Juan Arias. Sancha was still living on 24 July 1161, when she signed a document, noting that she was a widow. Probably in that same year she drew up her will. It is preserved, albeit with an incorrect date, in the
186:. Fernán's only attested wife, Sancha González, daughter of Gonzalo Ansúrez and Urraca Vermúdez, was therefore possibly his second wife. The earliest record of their marriage is from 1134. With her the count had three children:
503:
Prior to , the
Portuguese monarch had come to Galicia several times, but always he had been driven back by Fernando Pérez and Rodrigo Vélaz and other Galician leaders. Often he was forced to return to Portugal dishonored.
670:. It may have been written by Fernán himself, in which case it represents the only evidence that he received any education besides the standard military one for young noblemen. He was brought up at a time when the
740:
to his wife, Fernán's granddaughter, Urraca González, "out of love for your grandfather, Count Don
Fernando, who raised me, and because of faithful service when I was accepted by your father, Count Don Gonzalo".
1591:
710:(Count Gonzalo), implying a succession in the comital title. There is a forged donation by Fernán to the monastery of Caaveiro dated 4 December 1154, in which the count refers to himself as
632:
and the monks felt it necessary to forge deeds for properties that had really been granted. There is the possibility, therefore, that Fernán or his family was a regular donor to
Caaveiro.
1888:
659:. It is from this late period of his life that a certain document originates that records a donation of his to the favoured monastery of Sobrado, dated 1 May 1153. It is written in a
1735:
Pallares, María del Carmen; Portela, Ermelindo (1993). "Aristocracias y sistema de parentesco en la
Galicia de los siglos centrales de la Edad Media: el grupo de los Traba".
620:
Fernán and
Vermudo may have desired that the monks contribute to settling and cultivating the surrounding zone. Fernán also made a donation to the Cistercian foundation of
368:("Count Ferdinand of Galicia"), a title his father had used. He does soon reappear in Portuguese documents, indicating a normalising of relations between him and Afonso.
360:, raised an army, and proceeded to take control of his lands. Gathering the Portuguese knights to his cause against his mother and Fernán, he defeated them both at the
1600:
230:, with whom he kept an uneasy truce. Originally, the archbishop and Fernán had been on good terms. At the time of the Galician revolt (1116) he was acting as Diego's
651:, introducing this military order into the Galicia as early as 1128, before they had received official ecclesiastical approbation. In 1152 he made a donation to the
135:, and his first wife, Urraca Fróilaz. His family was the most powerful in Galicia at the time, and he himself held properties in the most important Galician cities:
378:
251:, which he claimed belonged to the diocese. In 1134 the dispute with Diego flared up once more after Fernán imprisoned one of his knights and the archdeacon of
162:
cook, probably a slave, with the Christian name Martin. Sometime early in the century Fernán took a wife, but they were separated when he became the lover of
349:
for this affair. In that same year (1122) Fernán was able to arrange the advantageous marriage of Vermudo to Urraca Enríquez, daughter of Teresa and Henry.
290:, Fernán's influence was so decisive during the reign of Alfonso VII, that by the king's testament Galicia and León were separated from the kingdoms of
1737:
516:) in Galicia, he and Rodrigo Vélaz were defeated by Teresa's son Afonso Henriques, who by that time had proclaimed himself king of Portugal. The
942:
propter amore auu uestri comitis domni Fernandi qui me creauit, et propter seruicium fidelem quem accepi a patre uestro comite domno Gundisaluo
278:. Long after Fernán's own death, in 1178, his daughter Teresa married Ferdinand II as his second wife and her second husband. According to the
797:(Princeton: Princeton University Press), 153, and Fletcher, 148, dated it from a 24 January 1121 document in the archives of the monastery of
568:
in 1147. At Almería he led the Galician contingent, and his presence can be traced with Alfonso's army on 19 August during its departure from
1725:
595:, an abandoned royal monastery, was granted to Fernán and his brother Vermudo in 1118. In 1142 they established a Cistercian community there.
674:
script had not yet crowded out the Visigothic, and the document of 1153 may indicate that he was taught in his youth how to write his name.
317:
In 1116 Fernán participated in a Galician revolt against Queen Urraca. The revolt was led by his father on behalf of Teresa, the widow of
616:, living according to the custom of the Cistercians". It was one of the earliest Cistercian foundations in Spain and a daughter house of
1595:
1523:
Barton, Simon (2002). "The 'Discovery of Aristocracy' in Twelfth-Century Spain: Portraits of the Secular Élite in the Poem of Almería".
449:
1883:
791:
His power in Coimbra lasted from at least 6 April 1121 to 31 March 1128, according to Barton, 242 n19. Both Bernard F. Reilly (1982),
263:
1660:
729:, the name of his son. Fernán died on 1 November 1155. Fernán was buried in the cloister of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.
1815:
1703:
1611:
1513:
171:
548:. Between 1144 and 1155 Fernán was frequently at court, and he participated in almost all of Alfonso VII's major campaigns of the
364:
in 1128. From this year—which was also that of his father's death—Fernán concentrated his influence in Galicia, signing himself
816:
588:
280:
1467:
448:, which he held as late as 1153. In 1140 Fernán signed Alfonso VII's charter ordering that he and his queen be buried in the
420:
1468:"Estructuras de vasallaje en el área eumesa durante el siglo XII. El círculo de Fideles del conde Fernando Pérez de Traba"
495:
259:
187:
163:
760:, where Fernán, the younger, signs before his elder brother. Barton cites Fernán's earliest document as dated 1 May 1110.
1873:
175:
88:
725:("count Don Fernando in Traba and in Aranga and in Monterroso"), respectively. These are probably copyists' errors for
736:
was raised at his court and in 1170, whether before their marriage or after is not known, he granted the monastery of
440:(ruled 1132–45), which was long to be associated with the patrimonies of the Traba. In 1137 he was given the rule of
1868:
565:
357:
19:
303:
244:
128:
1834:
Fernández de Viana y Vieites, José Ignacio; González Balasch, Mª Teresa; de Pablos Ramírez, Juan Carlos (1996).
529:
the battle lines were drawn up, they began to fight. Because of their sins the Counts fled and were defeated.
318:
377:
179:
143:. Fernán's first appearance in the surviving documentation dates from September 1107, just after the death of
437:
361:
275:
247:
and the archbishop in 1121, resulting in Diego bestowing gifts on the Vermudo in return for the fortress of
183:
892:
469:
140:
1878:
1780:"Relaciones Fronterizas entre Portugal y León en tiempos de Alfonso VII: El ejemplo de la Casa de Traba"
152:
148:
1770:
La nobleza castellana en la plena Edad Media: el linaje de Lara. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Sevilla
202:
24:
1619:
Actas del Segundo Congreso Nacional de Historia de la Construcción: A Coruña, 22–24 de octubre de 1998
891:
The Trabas later claimed that Sobrado had once belonged to them and had been unjustly confiscated by
352:
Teresa of Portugal had assumed the regency of the county of Portugal during the minority of her son
1576:
1553:
931:
Barton cites the request of his daughter María in January 1169 that she be buried beside him there.
409:
101:
75:
213:
1646:(in Spanish). Vol. IV. Santiago de Compostela: Imp. y Enc. del Seminario Conciliar Central.
660:
656:
617:
613:
609:
557:
291:
286:
144:
96:
84:
895:. This is a better indication of the reputation of Ferdinand I in Galicia than of anything else.
691:
80:
717:
There are two documents in the archives of Sobrado dated to June 1160 and 1161, confirmed by a
1846:
1811:
1794:
1746:
1721:
1699:
1675:
1647:
1564:
1540:
1509:
1478:
733:
667:
561:
541:
517:
341:(bearing the title "lord of Coimbra and Portugal"). By 1 February 1121 he was using the title
322:
306:"aimed to sow the seed of discord" when they proposed the division of Alfonso VII's "empire".
295:
509:
1563:(in Spanish) (21). Braga: Consello de Betanzos, A Coruña Câmara Municipal de Braga: 77–102.
1532:
479:
353:
239:
191:
55:
904:
Fernán gave subsequent grants to the monastery in 1142, 1145, 1153, 1154, and perhaps 1155.
737:
687:
29:
1768:
1683:
732:
Fernán raised the scion of at least one other aristocratic family in his household. Count
1713:
1622:
640:
628:
333:
sealed the alliance between the Traba family and Teresa. Fernán became her governor in
248:
227:
132:
106:
1582:
Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela
1862:
1779:
1641:
1592:"El Signo Rodado Regio en España: Origen, Desarrollo y Consolidación (Siglos XII–XV)"
699:
621:
592:
271:
824:, ed. A. Herculano (Lisbon, 1856), 79-88. Reilly, 153, speculates about a marriage.
702:
on 8 November 1154 and he never reappears in court records. By 4 February 1155, at
666:, while Fernán's signature appears in a completely different script that resembles
569:
464:
1835:
1486:
834:
255:, Pedro Crescónez, whose jurisdiction covered large parts of the Traba patrimony.
1121:
1119:
833:
Translation from the 1887 edition of William Julius Mickle's (1776) translation,
1745:(185). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC): 823–840.
652:
648:
490:
414:
326:
115:
110:
274:. In 1149 Alfonso entrusted to him the mentoring of his second son, the future
703:
605:
475:
445:
346:
119:, records that "if one were to see him , one would judge him already a king."
1850:
1798:
1750:
1679:
1661:"El Monacato Femenino Gallego en la Alta Edad Media (La Coruña y Pontevedra)"
1651:
1544:
1482:
870:
Barton (2006), numbers these lines 74–78, while Glenn Edward Lipskey (1972),
847:
1674:. A Coruña: Asociación Cultural de Estudios Históricos de Galicia: 119–174.
1568:
636:
456:), the only time he is ever referred to in contemporary a document with the
441:
231:
195:
882:(Northwestern University PhD dissertation), 165, numbers these lines 61–65.
798:
1810:. Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de educación y cultura.
913:
There is a forged donation to this monastery dated 1147, with many errors.
792:
695:
644:
553:
428:
419: (
267:
871:
698:. The date of Fernán's death is very uncertain. He was last at court in
560:
in January 1147. The chronicles do record his valour in the conquest of
552:, commanding the Galician contingents on numerous occasions against the
537:
consists of an original royal charter of July 1144. In 1146 he held the
1536:
457:
433:
338:
330:
91:, through whom he attained great influence in that domain, and was the
545:
534:
252:
1580:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
782:
He was Ferdinand's tutor from at least 1 March 1149 to 16 May 1150.
201:
of Santiago de Compostela, since the archbishop-elect of Santiago,
587:
401: (His grandsire's virtues, as his name, he bore),
395: The low-born spouse assumes the monarch's place,
387: Yet still his dauntless worth, his virtue lived,
356:. In 1122, after turning fourteen, Afonso knighted himself in the
334:
159:
18:
405: And the lac'd helmet grasps his beardless chin.
403: Arms for the fight, his ravish'd throne to win;
158:
Early in the twelfth century (before 1125), Pedro gave his son a
1612:"El agua y sus sistemas de suministro en la Compostela medieval"
794:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126
483:
391: And soon his worth was prov'd, the parent dame
136:
1787:
Revista da Faculdade de Letras: História. Universidade do Porto
1531:(6). Liverpool: University of Santiago de Compostela: 453–469.
1125:
493:
against the onslaughts of Afonso Henriques, as recorded by the
385: By Tagus' stream his honour'd age lie clos'd;
262:, Fernán's family was generally allied with her son, the young
1760:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla Under King Alfonso VII, 1126–1157
721:("count Don Fernando, lord in Monterroso and in Traba") and a
463:
In June 1137 Fernán probably participated in the recapture of
1136:
1134:
723:
comes dompnus Fernandus in Traua et in Aranga et in Monteroso
397: And from the throne expels the orphan race.
399: But young Alphonso, like his sires of yore
1806:
Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita Cecilia (1999).
1778:
Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita Cecilia (1998).
1643:
Historia de la Santa A.M. Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela
1225:
1223:
1221:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
758:
Comes Petrus de Gallecia: Fernandus et Veremudus eius filii
572:
and again on 25 November during its triumphant return. The
1617:. In F. Bores; J. Fernández; S. Huerta; E. Rabasa (eds.).
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
1696:
La nobleza altomedieval gallega, la familia Froílaz-Traba
1329:
1327:
1325:
389: And all the father in the son survived.
226:
In Galicia, Fernán rivalled for influence the archbishop
1276:
1274:
1344:
1342:
1025:
1023:
719:
comes dompnus Fernandus senior in Monteroso et in Traua
408: —
1808:
Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII
238:). In 1121, however, he had constructed a fortress at
16:
12th-century nobleman and count of the Kingdom of León
852:(Northwestern University PhD dissertation) , I, §76.
218:
to the south of the border, where he engaged in the
1506:
The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile
1596:Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía
489:Fernán defended with difficulty the valley of the
452:. Fernán signed as "count Don Fernando of Traba" (
372:Role in the defence of the realm under Alfonso VII
182:and, when widowed, became the second wife of King
1762:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
922:This document has been misdated at times to 1152.
460:"de Traba" by which he is now universally known.
393: Avow'd a second hymeneal flame.
166:. With Teresa he had two daughters: Sancha (born
1152:
706:, his son Gonzalo was signing royal charters as
643:, the second time in 1153. He gave lands to the
1086:
1050:
962:
209:Relationship with the Archdiocese and the Crown
8:
1621:. Madrid: I. Juan de Herrera. Archived from
1554:"El monasterio de las Cascas (Betanzos) (I)"
1140:
1889:12th-century nobility from León and Castile
627:There are three donations by Fernán to the
147:, when his father confirmed a privilege of
1720:(in Portuguese). Lisbon: Temas e Debates.
1698:(in Spanish). La Coruña: Toxosoutos, S.L.
556:. The major exception was the conquest of
56:[feɾˈnandoˈpeɾeθðeˈtɾaβa,feɾˈnam-]
1508:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
474:that year. He was with the royal army at
383:But now no more in tented fields oppos'd,
1333:
1212:
1176:
1074:
1014:
212:
1590:Francisco Olmos, José María de (2009).
955:
750:
1738:Hispania. Revista Española de Historia
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1316:
1304:
1280:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1200:
1188:
1164:
1110:
1098:
1062:
1029:
993:
432:Fernán received from the king was the
164:Theresa Alfónsez, Countess of Portugal
74:
54:
7:
1843:Cátedra. Revista de Estudios Eumeses
1126:Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León 1999
880:The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor
849:The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor
608:, and patronised their monastery at
1475:Cátedra. Revista eumesa de estudios
478:on 3 October, though by 20 October
450:Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
83:who for a time held power over all
79:), was a nobleman and count of the
1585:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14:
1767:Sánchez de Mora, Antonio (2003).
769:As his biographer relates in the
1694:López-Sangil, José Luis (2002).
1640:López Ferreiro, Antonio (1901).
1610:González Vázquez, Marta (1998).
482:had also joined the army on the
454:comes dominus Fernandus de Traua
376:
76:[fɨɾˈnɐ̃wˈpeɾɨʒðɨˈtɾavɐ]
1659:López Morán, Enriqueta (2004).
1552:Daviña Sáinz, Santiago (1998).
817:Portugaliae Monumenta Historica
690:in Galicia and in 1152 that of
682:In 1151 Fernán was holding the
533:The record of Fernán's rule in
281:Chronica latina regum Castellae
35:used by Fernando Pérez de Traba
1466:Barón Faraldo, Andrés (2010).
604:Fernán actively supported the
1:
846:Glenn Edward Lipskey (1972),
496:Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris
325:. The victories in battle at
313:ruler of Portugal (1121–1128)
127:Fernán was the second son of
60:
1525:Bulletin of Hispanic Studies
1477:(in Spanish) (17): 163–186.
1845:(in Spanish) (3): 267–437.
1758:Reilly, Bernard F. (1998).
1087:Pallares & Portela 1993
1051:Pallares & Portela 1993
712:graui infirmitate detemptus
366:comes Fernandus de Gallecie
99:between 1121 and 1128. The
89:Countess Teresa of Portugal
1905:
1773:(in Spanish). Vol. I.
940:The original Latin reads:
861:Barton renders it "brave".
436:in 1131. He soon received
113:'s major victories of the
1884:People of the Reconquista
810:Fletcher, 39, citing the
576:describes Fernán's role:
87:. He became the lover of
1113:, pp. 59-60 and 82.
600:Patronage and pilgrimage
381:
109:poem celebrating one of
302:claims that Fernán and
155:, along with his sons.
66:– 1 November 1155), or
1836:"El Tumbo de Caaveiro"
1504:Barton, Simon (1997).
771:Historia compostellana
596:
586:
531:
506:
470:Historia compostellana
304:Manrique Pérez de Lara
223:
141:Santiago de Compostela
129:Pedro Fróilaz de Traba
36:
1423:, p. 31 and n15.
1153:González Vázquez 1998
635:Fernán twice visited
591:
578:
526:
501:
216:
205:, was a beneficiary.
170:. 1121), who married
153:monastery of Caaveiro
68:Fernão Peres de Trava
22:
1793:(2). Porto: 301–12.
1577:Fletcher, Richard A.
963:Francisco Olmos 2009
727:Gundesaluus Fernandi
564:in 1146, and in the
508:In 1139 or 1140, at
444:and in 1140 that of
362:Battle of São Mamede
258:During the reign of
184:Ferdinand II of León
178:, who first married
1874:11th-century births
1718:D. Afonso Henriques
566:conquest of Almería
520:is recorded in the
358:Cathedral of Zamora
1561:Anuario Brigantino
1537:10.3828/bhs.83.6.1
1411:, pp. 177–78.
1399:, p. 242 n13.
1387:, p. 242 n15.
1375:, pp. 197–99.
1363:, p. 242 n16.
1319:, pp. 460–61.
1232:, pp. 127–31.
1203:, pp. 217–18.
1191:, pp. 213–14.
1053:, pp. 823–40.
996:, pp. 241–42.
647:on the coast near
610:Sobrado dos Monxes
597:
593:Sobrado dos Monxes
287:De rebus Hispaniae
243:his elder brother
224:
180:Nuño Pérez de Lara
145:Raymond of Galicia
97:County of Portugal
37:
1869:Galician nobility
1727:978-972-759-911-0
1459:Secondary sources
1155:, p. 215 n8.
1141:López-Sangil 2002
1101:, p. 241 n1.
1077:, p. 40 n31.
1017:, pp. 38–40.
708:comes Gundisaluus
542:Monforte de Lemos
522:Chronica Adefonsi
518:Battle of Cerneja
406:
323:Count of Portugal
319:Henry of Burgundy
264:Alfonso Raimúndez
203:Fernando Curialis
190:, María (married
131:, founder of the
1896:
1854:
1840:
1821:
1802:
1784:
1774:
1763:
1754:
1731:
1709:
1690:
1688:
1682:. Archived from
1665:
1655:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1586:
1572:
1558:
1548:
1519:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1485:. Archived from
1472:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1033:
1027:
1018:
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997:
991:
966:
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923:
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844:
838:
831:
825:
808:
802:
789:
783:
780:
774:
767:
761:
755:
678:Death and legacy
574:Poema de Almería
423:, part of 28–31)
382:
380:
354:Afonso Henriques
298:. The anonymous
192:Ponce de Cabrera
172:Álvaro Rodríguez
102:Poema de Almería
78:
73:
65:
62:
58:
53:
33:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1827:Primary sources
1824:
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1766:
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1734:
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874:Poem of Almería
869:
865:
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845:
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832:
828:
809:
805:
790:
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602:
467:, although the
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402:
400:
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388:
386:
384:
374:
315:
211:
125:
81:Kingdom of León
71:
63:
51:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1902:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1803:
1789:(in Spanish).
1775:
1764:
1755:
1741:(in Spanish).
1732:
1726:
1710:
1704:
1691:
1689:on 2012-02-17.
1670:(in Spanish).
1656:
1637:
1607:
1587:
1573:
1549:
1520:
1514:
1501:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1447:, p. 247.
1437:
1435:, p. 207.
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1338:
1321:
1309:
1307:, p. 180.
1297:
1285:
1283:, p. 179.
1270:
1258:
1246:
1244:, p. 241.
1234:
1217:
1215:, p. 232.
1205:
1193:
1181:
1179:, p. 147.
1169:
1167:, p. 170.
1157:
1145:
1130:
1128:, p. 336.
1115:
1103:
1091:
1089:, p. 833.
1079:
1067:
1055:
1034:
1032:, p. 463.
1019:
998:
967:
954:
952:
949:
946:
945:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
884:
863:
854:
839:
826:
812:Vita Theotonii
803:
784:
775:
762:
749:
748:
746:
743:
734:Froila Ramírez
679:
676:
641:Second Crusade
629:canons regular
614:Saint Benedict
601:
598:
375:
373:
370:
314:
308:
228:Diego Gelmirez
210:
207:
133:House of Traba
124:
121:
48:Pérez de Traba
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1901:
1890:
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1817:84-7846-781-5
1813:
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1740:
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1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:Mattoso, José
1711:
1707:
1705:84-95622-68-8
1701:
1697:
1692:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1628:on 2017-02-02
1624:
1620:
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1515:9780521497275
1511:
1507:
1502:
1492:on 2017-02-02
1488:
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1386:
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1374:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1351:, p. 64.
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1336:, p. 40.
1335:
1334:Fletcher 1984
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
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1289:
1286:
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1277:
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1271:
1268:, p. 32.
1267:
1262:
1259:
1256:, p. 19.
1255:
1250:
1247:
1243:
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1235:
1231:
1226:
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1214:
1213:Fletcher 1984
1209:
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1182:
1178:
1177:Fletcher 1984
1173:
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1166:
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1154:
1149:
1146:
1143:, p. 99.
1142:
1137:
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1127:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
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1080:
1076:
1075:Fletcher 1984
1071:
1068:
1065:, p. 80.
1064:
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1047:
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1043:
1041:
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1035:
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1015:Fletcher 1984
1011:
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995:
990:
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986:
984:
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980:
978:
976:
974:
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968:
965:, p. 29.
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655:monastery of
654:
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623:
622:Monfero Abbey
619:
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583:
580:The valiant (
577:
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525:
523:
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480:Rodrigo Vélaz
477:
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95:ruler of the
94:
90:
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77:
69:
57:
49:
45:
41:
34:
31:
26:
21:
1879:1150s deaths
1842:
1807:
1790:
1786:
1769:
1759:
1742:
1736:
1717:
1695:
1684:the original
1671:
1667:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1623:the original
1618:
1581:
1560:
1528:
1524:
1505:
1494:. Retrieved
1487:the original
1474:
1454:Bibliography
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1312:
1300:
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900:
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879:
873:
866:
857:
848:
842:
835:p. 69 and n1
829:
821:
815:
811:
806:
793:
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770:
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731:
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718:
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707:
683:
681:
671:
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603:
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488:
468:
462:
453:
427:
425:
413:
365:
351:
342:
316:
310:
299:
285:
279:
276:Ferdinand II
260:Queen Urraca
257:
235:
225:
219:
198:
167:
157:
126:
114:
100:
92:
67:
47:
43:
39:
38:
25:Signo rodado
23:
1599: [
1445:Barton 1997
1433:Barton 1997
1421:Barton 1997
1409:Reilly 1998
1397:Barton 1997
1385:Barton 2002
1373:Barton 2002
1361:Barton 1997
1349:Barton 1997
1317:Barton 2002
1305:Barton 1997
1281:Barton 1997
1266:Barton 1997
1254:Barton 1997
1242:Barton 1997
1230:Barton 1997
1201:Barton 1997
1189:Barton 1997
1165:Barton 1997
1111:Barton 1997
1099:Barton 1997
1063:Barton 1997
1030:Barton 2002
994:Barton 1997
893:Ferdinand I
694:in western
653:Benedictine
606:Cistercians
550:Reconquista
415:The Lusiads
327:Vilasobroso
220:Reconquista
116:Reconquista
111:Alfonso VII
72:Portuguese:
64: 1090
28: [
1863:Categories
1632:2016-03-12
1496:2016-03-10
951:References
822:Scriptores
704:Valladolid
668:Visigothic
639:after the
446:Monterroso
438:Trastámara
426:The first
347:Theotonius
149:Alfonso VI
1851:1133-9608
1799:0871-164X
1751:0018-2141
1680:1885-6349
1652:932806777
1545:1475-3839
1483:1133-9608
1295:, I, §78.
637:Jerusalem
624:in 1145.
618:Clairvaux
558:Calatrava
539:tenencias
442:Trasancos
421:Canto III
232:constable
196:cartulary
1716:(2014).
1668:Nalgures
1579:(1984).
1569:72890459
696:Asturias
684:tenencia
672:francesa
662:francesa
649:A Coruña
645:Templars
582:strenuus
554:Almohads
429:tenencia
311:De facto
300:Chronica
284:and the
268:Ricobayo
236:municeps
151:for the
93:de facto
52:Spanish:
40:Fernando
562:Córdoba
514:Cernesa
510:Cerneja
476:Logroño
458:toponym
410:Camoens
339:Coimbra
331:Lanhoso
292:Castile
245:Bermudo
199:Tumbo C
188:Gonzalo
160:Moorish
85:Galicia
1849:
1814:
1797:
1749:
1724:
1702:
1678:
1650:
1567:
1543:
1512:
1481:
799:Lorvão
700:Toledo
664:script
546:Sarria
296:Toledo
272:Zamora
253:Nendos
240:Raneta
176:Teresa
174:, and
123:Family
44:Fernán
1839:(PDF)
1783:(PDF)
1687:(PDF)
1664:(PDF)
1626:(PDF)
1615:(PDF)
1603:]
1557:(PDF)
1490:(PDF)
1471:(PDF)
872:"The
814:, in
745:Notes
738:Morás
692:Solís
688:Búbal
657:Xuvia
570:Baeza
491:Minho
434:Limia
343:comes
335:Porto
270:near
107:Latin
32:]
1847:ISSN
1812:ISBN
1795:ISSN
1747:ISSN
1722:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1676:ISSN
1648:OCLC
1565:OCLC
1541:ISSN
1510:ISBN
1479:ISSN
544:and
535:Deza
484:Ebro
337:and
329:and
294:and
249:Faro
139:and
137:Lugo
105:, a
42:(or
1533:doi
1293:CAI
686:of
499::
465:Túy
1865::
1841:.
1791:15
1785:.
1743:53
1666:.
1601:es
1594:.
1559:.
1539:.
1529:83
1527:.
1473:.
1341:^
1324:^
1273:^
1220:^
1133:^
1118:^
1037:^
1022:^
1001:^
970:^
878:,
820:,
524::
486:.
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61:c.
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30:es
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1820:.
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1753:.
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1635:.
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1547:.
1535::
1518:.
1499:.
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837:.
801:.
773:.
512:(
234:(
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168:c
70:(
50:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
