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towards voluntary donation, and draw public attention to the dangers of current transfusion practice – a veritably transformative social revolution. Within a few years, the INBTS became self-sufficient in Tehran, as voluntary donors from every walk of life, provided for the needs of hospitals in the capital. In addition, complementary services, such as blood components, clinical immunology, histocompatibility testing to support the first organ transplant programmes, special and antenatal serology, frozen red cells, and plasma fractionation were added to the spectrum of activities.
564:, the first such meeting held outside Europe or America and Canada. The Proceedings of the meeting, edited by F. Ala and KWE Denson were published by Elseviers, Excerpta Medica (Amsterdam) in 1973. Soon after, the Haemophilia Centre at the Pahlavi (now Emam Khomeini) Hospital was designated an International Haemophilia Treatment Centre (IHTC) by the WFH, one of only a handful of such centres at the time. He was also appointed Medical Secretary WFH, in 1970, as well as a Member of the WFH Medical and Scientific Advisory Committee in 1978.
68:
548:. The only available treatment for these potentially crippling bleeding diseases at the time, was frozen fresh plasma and the newly discovered cryoprecipitated Factor VIII concentrate (Judith Pool in 1967), as industrial concentrates were not yet being marketed. Replacement therapy with this primitive, home-made plasma fraction, allowed major orthopaedic, abdominal and thoracic surgery to be carried out with success. Another first was the introduction of
568:
state-funded national blood service for the recruitment of healthy, voluntary, non-remunerated donors, and the subsequent collection, testing, processing and distribution of blood and blood products to hospitals free-of-charge, in accordance with modern technical and ethical standards. The object was to take these vital services out of the commercialism of the market-place, and bring them into the realm of altruism and science.
628:. During his tenure, the Centre was designated as a 'WHO Collaborating Centre for Training and Development in Blood Transfusion'. His further activities during this period included: Membership of the UK National Blood Transfusion Service Management Committee (1989); Chair of the UKBTS/NIBSC Standing Advisory Committee on Transfusion-Transmitted Infection (1993); his appointment as Councillor to the
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419:(1883–1964), was a career diplomat, cabinet minister, Minister Plenipotentiary in both Britain and France (ambassadorial status was not established until the 1940s), and twice Iranian envoy to the US (Minister in 1921, and Ambassador in 1945). He played a crucial role in defending Iran's rights as his country's representative at the UN Security Council meetings, during the
608:(WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Regional Advisory Committee on Medical Research in 1979, as well as a Member of the WHO Expert Advisory Panel on Human Blood Products and Related Substances in the same year. In Iran, he became the Director of the newly established Iranian Medical Research Committee (1975).
657:
laboratories participate with success, in the specific external quality control exercises (NEQAS) organised at
Sheffield University in the UK, and the Centre effectively acts as a national Reference Centre for haemostatic disorders. The ICHCC offers specialised clinics in dental care, physiotherapy,
583:
Obtaining official support for merging the entirely separate, poorly developed military blood services with the INBTS was a highly significant policy initiative (virtually unique in the Middle East, but for Israel), which provided access to armed forces personnel throughout the country. Ultimately,
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Collaborating Centre, and remains the best developed such service in the
Eastern Mediterranean Region, in terms of size, diversity, and academic achievement, and is exceptional in its exclusive reliance upon voluntary, unremunerated blood donation. Fereydoun Ala was appointed as Councillor to the
591:
Following the success of the INBTS in Tehran, regional centres in other major cities, such as Shiraz, Mashhad, Ahvaz, Sari and
Hamadan were also established, providing much the same range of services available in the capital, although Tehran fulfilled the role of a national reference and training
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A crucial first step, after procuring a suitable building, purchasing all the myriad items of equipment required, and selecting and training qualified medical, technical and administrative staff, was conducting widespread publicity and blood donor recruitment campaigns, to alter public attitudes
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In 1999, Dr. Ala returned to Iran to organise the biennial WHO Eastern
Mediterranean Blood Transfusion Directors' Meeting in Tehran, and thereafter, he has spent a significant part of the year working at the new-found Iranian Comprehensive Haemophilia Care Centre (ICHCC) in Tehran as Honorary
567:
The dangerously primitive, fragmented state of blood transfusion in Iran, with its exclusive reliance upon blood bought from often addicted and diseased professional donors, drawn from the most deprived sectors of society, spurred Dr. Ala in 1972, to propose the creation of a centralised,
430:
Hossein Ala's father, Prince
Mohammad-Ali Ala' os-Saltaneh (1838–1917), Prime Minister, Foreign Minister and diplomat, was married to Homa Khanom Azemat od-Dowleh, the daughter of the renowned intellectual, Majd ol-Molk Sinaki, four of whose grandsons were to become Prime Ministers: Qavam
670:
Fereydoun Ala married Ann (née Sealy) and they had three sons; one, Arjan died in 1998, following a paragliding accident in
Arizona. Ann also died soon after. Fereydoun later married his second wife Yekta Fazeli, only daughter of Lieutenant General Mohammad Fazeli.
635:
During this period, he acted as WHO Short-Term consultant in Blood
Transfusion to Byelorussia, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt, India, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan, Taiwan, Tunis, United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan.
533:, Pahlavi (now Khomeini) Hospital in 1965, and was instrumental in establishing the first Clinical Haematology Department in Iran, equipped with its own modern laboratories, thanks to a personal research grant from the Wellcome Trust.
451:. During his retirement in Paris, Abolqasem Khan translated two of Shakespeare's plays (Othello and The Merchant of Venice) into lapidary Persian – the first time works of the famous Bard of Avon had been rendered in that language.
645:
President. The ICHCC is a non-governmental, non-profit centre established by the
Iranian Hemophilia Society in 2001, dedicated to the diagnosis and management of inherited bleeding and thrombotic disease, and affiliated to the
459:
Dr. Ala's elementary education was at the
Dabestane Nezami primary school (Persian), the Lazariste St. Louis School (French) and the Community School (English), all in Tehran. He went on to begin his secondary education at
571:
In 1974, a
Parliamentary decree established the Iranian National Blood Transfusion Service (INBTS) as an independent legal entity; the Plan Organisation provided funding, and a High Council was appointed, chaired by the
407:. He was the founder of the Iranian National Blood Transfusion Service (INBTS), a centralised, state-funded organisation, established in 1974, for the recruitment of healthy, voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors.
661:
The UK-registered Arjan Ala Charitable Trust (AACT) in London, was established by Dr. Ala in 2001 to support the ICHCC with educational grants, as well as to purchase and dispatch laboratory reagents and equipment.
423:. Having foiled Soviet-fostered separatist aspirations, he ensured through UN auspices Iran's independence and territorial integrity. In aggregate, he spent twelve years as Minister of the Imperial Court to
846:
435:, Hossein Ala and Ali Amini. Fereydoun Ala's mother Fatemeh, was the only daughter of Abolqasem Khan Gharagozlou Naser ol-Molk (1856–1927), the first Iranian Oxonian (
679:
Fereydoun Ala has published some 127 articles and abstracts, as well as a number of chapters and books germane to the fields of blood transfusion and haemostasis.
556:
in 1965. Hepatitis B was a common cause of chronic liver disease in Iran, most particularly among haemophiliacs. In 1971, Ala organised the VIIth Congress of the
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765:"The History of the Foundation of the Iranian National Blood Transfusion Service in 1974 and the Biography of its Founder; Professor Fereydoun Ala"
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500:, when he investigated megaloblastic anaemias associated with gastrointestinal malabsorption. He passed the examination for Membership of the
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504:(MRCP) in both Internal Medicine and Haematology in 1964, and spent a further year taking the diploma course in 'Practical Haematology' with
404:
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Fereydoun Ala definitively returned to Iran in 1965, soon after his father, Hossein Ala, died. He was appointed Assistant Professor at the
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was still a minor. He had been raised by his grandfather, Mahmoud Khan Naser ol-Molk Qaragozlou Farmanfarma, who married the daughter of
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Azizi, MH; Nayernouri, T; Bahadori, M (2015). "The History of the Foundation of the Iranian National Blood Transfusion Service".
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632:(ISBT) was renewed in 1998; finally, he was co-editor of 'Transfusion Today' the ISBT Journal.
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In 1981, Fereydoun Ala moved from Iran to the UK, and was appointed Medical Director of the
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International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) in 1969. He also became a Member of the
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at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School in London. Ala was elected Fellow of the
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786:"Arjan Ala Charitable Trust – Friends of the Iranian Haemophilia Society"
439:), sometime Prime Minister and later Regent (1910–1914) while the future
472:, Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he obtained his BA degree in history.
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near London towards the end of World War II, which was completed at
379:(born 17 March 1931 in Paris, France) is an Iranian physician and
492:, followed by a year as Senior House Officer; and he received a
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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orthopaedic surgery, gynaecology, psychiatry and hepatology.
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468:, near Boston. His college under-graduate studies were at
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Academic staff of Tehran University of Medical Sciences
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Arjan (deceased) (from marriage to Ann Pelham Sealy)
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Further career in the United Kingdom (1981 to 1999)
584:the Red Lion and Sun Society (latterly renamed the
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540:laboratory for the hitherto undiagnosed inherited
588:) blood centres were also merged with the INBTS.
620:, West Midlands Region, Senior Lecturer at the
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552:surface antigen testing, first described by
307:Souren (from marriage to Ann Pelham Sealy)
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
630:International Society of Blood Transfusion
427:, and was twice appointed Prime Minister.
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161:about living persons that is unsourced or
250:Learn how and when to remove this message
232:Learn how and when to remove this message
112:Learn how and when to remove this message
710:"The First Persian at Oxford University"
544:disorders, such as the haemophilias and
309:Tour (from marriage to Ann Pelham Sealy)
75:This article includes a list of general
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624:, and Consultant Haematologist at the
597:Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization
482:University of Edinburgh Medical School
622:Birmingham University Medical Faculty
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751:"BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICES IN IRAN"
531:Tehran University School of Medicine
383:, specialised in internal medicine,
484:in Scotland, and qualified with an
640:Leading research physician in Iran
512:(FRCP) in 1970, and Fellow of the
81:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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405:Tehran University Medical Faculty
36:This article has multiple issues.
16:Iranian physician and academician
862:People educated at Harrow School
814:"Foundation for Iranian Studies"
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592:centre and arbiter of quality.
558:World Federation of Haemophilia
488:in 1960. Internship was at the
44:or discuss these issues on the
816:. fis-iran.org. Archived from
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872:Iranian expatriates in France
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514:Royal College of Pathologists
334:Royal College of Pathologists
332:(FRCP) (1970), Fellow of the
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415:Dr. Fereydoun Ala's father,
139:biography of a living person
574:HIM Farah, Shahbanu of Iran
525:Researcher into haematology
510:Royal College of Physicians
502:Royal College of Physicians
421:'Azarbaijan Crisis' of 1946
330:Royal College of Physicians
166:must be removed immediately
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445:Crown Prince Abbas Mirza
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447:, the combative son of
437:Balliol College, Oxford
320:and Fatemeh Gharagozlou
96:more precise citations.
857:Harvard College alumni
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536:He also established a
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867:Milton Academy alumni
852:Iranian hematologists
496:research grant under
820:on 17 November 2015.
753:. iranicaonline.org.
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159:Contentious material
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649:. Both the
550:hepatitis B
538:haemostasis
417:Hossein Ala
397:Haemophilia
393:haemostasis
385:haematology
381:academician
361:Haemostasis
353:Haematology
318:Hossein Ala
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831:Categories
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651:phenotypic
399:Centre in
278:1931-03-17
192:newspapers
77:references
41:improve it
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560:(WFH) in
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