93:. FeCr from South Africa, known as "charge chrome" and produced from a Cr containing ore with a low carbon content, is most commonly used in stainless steel production. Alternatively, high carbon FeCr produced from high-grade ore found in Kazakhstan (among other places) is more commonly used in specialist applications such as engineering steels where a high Cr/Fe ratio and minimum levels of other elements (
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formed between the tips of electrodes in the bottom of the furnace and the furnace hearth. This arc creates temperatures of about 2,800 °C (5,070 °F). In the process of smelting, huge amounts of electricity are consumed, making production very expensive in countries where power costs are
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Over 80% of the world's ferrochrome is utilised in the production of stainless steel. In 2006, 28,000,000 tons of stainless steel were produced. Stainless steel depends on chromium for its appearance and resistance to corrosion. Average chrome content in stainless steel is approx. 18%. It is also
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Ferrochrome is generally classified by the amount of carbon and chrome it contains. The vast majority of FeCr produced is "charge chrome" from South Africa, with high carbon being the second largest segment followed by the smaller sectors of low carbon and intermediate carbon material.
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Tapping of the material from the furnace takes place intermittently. When enough smelted ferrochrome has accumulated in the furnace hearth, the tap hole is drilled open and a stream of molten metal and slag rushes down a trough into a chill or ladle. Ferrochrome solidifies in large
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operation taking place at high temperatures. Chromite (an oxide of Cr and Fe) is reduced by coal and coke to form the iron-chromium alloy. The heat for this reaction can come from several forms, but typically from the
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etc.) are important and production of finished metals takes place in small electric arc furnaces compared to large scale blast furnaces. In the past, Ferrochrome alloys were used in the formulation of
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at some unknown date. At the time, ferrochrome spot 6–8% C, basis 50% Cr, ddp China was trading at $ 1,336–1,382. In
January 2021 the spot price had been 25% lower.
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Stibbs, Jon; Liu, Siyi (23 March 2021). "COMMENT: Could China's ferro-chrome futures be a game-changer?". Euromoney
Institutional Investor. Fastmarkets.
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Jorgenson, John D.; Corathers, Lisa A.; Gambogi, Joseph; Kuck, Peter H.; Magyar, Michael J.; Papp, John F.; Shedd; Kim B.
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with chromium content of 10 to 20%, is the largest consumer and the main application of ferrochrome.
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Lisa A. Corathers; Joseph
Gambogi; Peter H. Kuck; John F. Papp; Désirée E. Polyak; Kim B. Shedd.
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253:"Ferrochromium -- Specification and conditions of delivery - ISO 5448:1981"
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151:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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183:Ferrochrome production is essentially a
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217:decided that it would list ferrochrome
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293:"Mineral Yearbook 2009: Ferroalloys"
268:"Mineral Yearbook 2006: Ferroalloys"
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298:. United States Geological Survey
273:. United States Geological Survey
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143:Please help
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91:carbon steel
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66:South Africa
58:carbothermic
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339:Ferroalloys
239:"ASTM A482"
35:Ferrochrome
21:ferrichrome
328:Categories
302:2011-11-22
277:2009-02-27
225:References
161:April 2021
113:Production
99:phosphorus
70:Kazakhstan
43:ferroalloy
132:does not
199:castings
103:titanium
62:chromite
47:chromium
219:futures
209:Trading
153:removed
138:sources
193:high.
95:sulfur
296:(PDF)
271:(PDF)
84:Usage
74:India
136:any
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72:and
51:iron
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