87:), which is a clear, viscous fluid produced by the synovium, and its main purpose is to reduce friction between the joint cartilages during movement. Synovium is also important to maintain proper joint function by providing the structural support and supply of the necessary nutrients to the surrounding cartilage. Synovial membrane is divided into two compartments – the outer layer (subintima) and the inner layer (intima). The inner layer is mainly composed of two cell types, specialized
233:
hallmarks are: reduced apoptosis, impaired contact inhibition, increased migratory invasive potential, changed epigenetic landscape, temporal and spatial heterogeneity, genomic instability and mutations, and reprogrammed cellular metabolism. The cell-extrinsic hallmarks of FLS in RA are: promotes osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion, contributes to cartilage degradation, induces synovial angiogenesis, and recruits and stimulates immune cells.
209:(cells arrest their growth in the case when more cells come into contact with each other), and they also lose the growth dependency on adhesive surfaces; both these phenomena contribute to the increase in the number of FLS in the inflammatory tissue and are also typical for example for the growth of cancerous cells. In addition, these cells can produce a number of pro-inflammatory signalling molecules, especially
232:
The aggressive phenotype of FLS in RA and the effect these cells have on their microenvironment can be summarized into hallmarks that distinguish them from healthy FLS. These hallmark features of FLS in RA are divided into 7 cell-intrinsic hallmarks and 4 cell-extrinsic hallmarks. The cell-intrinsic
225:(MMPs), which may directly affect other cells and also participate in the inflammation enhancement. These processes are influenced by microvesicles derived from platelets, which can contribute to the activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes through secretion of
82:
The inner lining of the joint consists of the synovium (also called the synovial membrane), a thin layer located between the joint capsule and the joint cavity. The word "synovium" is derived from the word "synovia" (or
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processes the total number of cells increases in the synovium, and significantly increases also the number of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). These cells, together with other immune cells such as
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filaments. Unlike fibroblasts, fibroblast-like synoviocytes also secrete unique proteins, that are normally absent in other fibroblast lineages. These include especially
253:
Kyung Chang, Sook; Gu, Zhizhan; Brenner, Michael B. (2010). "Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in inflammatory arthritis pathology: The emerging role of cadherin-11".
126:, a protein crucial for the joint lubrication. Furthermore, these cells express a number of molecules important for the mediation of the cell adhesion, such as
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Boilard, E.; Nigrovic, P. A.; Larabee, K.; Watts, G. F. M.; Coblyn, J. S.; Weinblatt, M. E.; Massarotti, E. M.; Remold-o'Donnell, E.; et al. (2010).
198:, create an inflammatory environment in the synovium, attract more immune cells to the damaged place and thus contribute to the joint destruction.
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Dasuri, Kumar; Antonovici, Mihaela; Chen, Keding; Wong, Ken; Standing, Kenneth; Ens, Werner; El-Gabalawy, Hani; Wilkins, John A. (2004).
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processes take place, which can eventually lead to cartilage damage and joint destruction and deformation. Due to the changes in
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91:(macrophage-like synovial cells) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes, which are important in maintaining the internal joint
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468:"Restoring synovial homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting fibroblast-like synoviocytes"
162:(RA). During the progression of this disease the synovial membrane becomes a place where constant
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408:"Platelets Amplify Inflammation in Arthritis via Collagen-Dependent Microparticle Production"
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and their receptors. Specific for fibroblast-like synoviocytes is also the expression of
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The role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
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158:(an increase in cell number) is a typical feature of the autoimmune disease called
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compared to the cells present in normal tissues. They lose the property called
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359:"Fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Key effector cells in rheumatoid arthritis"
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and also other glycoproteins, major components of the synovial fluid.
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301:"The synovial proteome: Analysis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes"
66:. These cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic
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FLS that are present in the synovium during RA display altered
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represent a specialised cell type located inside joints in the
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Specialised cell type located inside joints in the synovium
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origin that display many characteristics common with
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78:Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in normal tissues
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357:Bartok, Beatrix; Firestein, Gary S. (2010).
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60:Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS)
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375:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00859.x
306:Arthritis Research & Therapy
267:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00854.x
43:Anatomical terms of microanatomy
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472:Nature Reviews Rheumatology
22:Fibroblast-like synoviocyte
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484:10.1038/s41584-020-0413-5
223:matrix metalloproteinases
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432:10.1126/science.1181928
363:Immunological Reviews
255:Immunological Reviews
160:rheumatoid arthritis
144:immunohistochemistry
72:rheumatoid arthritis
424:2010Sci...327..580B
207:contact inhibition
70:diseases, such as
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219:prostanoids
184:neutrophils
180:lymphocytes
176:macrophages
156:hyperplasia
128:cadherin-11
108:fibroblasts
104:mesenchymal
93:homeostasis
89:macrophages
522:Immunology
516:Categories
237:References
188:mast cells
134:, various
203:phenotype
196:platelets
172:apoptotic
154:Synovial
136:integrins
112:collagens
502:32393826
450:20110505
393:20193003
339:15059280
275:20193004
124:lubricin
116:vimentin
64:synovium
36:Synovium
32:Location
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441:2927861
420:Bibcode
412:Science
384:2913689
283:9759438
27:Details
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132:VCAM-1
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389:PMID
335:PMID
271:PMID
227:IL-1
221:and
215:IL-8
213:and
211:Il-6
194:and
170:and
140:CD55
488:PMC
480:doi
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315:doi
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