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points of their weapons past their partner's face or otherwise inadvertently risk the other actor's health and well-being. Attacking actions in stage combat are extended past the performance partner's body, or aimed short of their apparent targets. Likewise, whereas their characters may be engaged in vicious unarmed combat, the actors must operate at a high level of complicity and communication to ensure a safe, exciting fight scene. In many forms of stage combat, distance is a key factor in technique. Many attacks are performed 'out of distance' so that there is no possible chance of one performer accidentally striking the other. Considerable professional judgement is called upon to determine what technical level may be appropriate for a given performer, taking into account allotted rehearsal time, and the expectations of the director.
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1070:, using 17th-century rapiers, might show Cyrano making many circular cut attacks. But a more efficient, practical attack would be taking a quicker, more direct line to the opponent's body. But the fight director knows that the audience couldn't follow the action as well if the attacks were faster (the audience might hardly be able to see the thin blades whip through the air), so most fight choreographers would make choices to help the audience follow the story. Of course, this is dependent on the production, the director and other stylistic choices.
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589:. However, stage combat can include any form of choreographed violence and the options are limited only by safety concerns, and the ability of the participants involved. As a note, most of these techniques are drawn from actual fighting techniques, but modified to be safer for actors. For example, although there are a number of ways of creating the safe illusion of a slap to the face (which is obviously something that could really be done in combat), none of these involve making actual contact with the victim's face.
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476:(HEMA) revival, was a fight director for stage and screen, and later a teacher of stage combat at London drama schools, with an emphasis on historical realism. Informal guilds of fight choreographers began to take shape in the 1970s with the establishment of The Society of British Fight Directors, 1969 to 1996. Training was established in the United States with the formation of the
351:'s acting company and of the London Masters of Defence weapons guild, was among the first fight directors in the modern sense. Sword duels depicted in plays showed how popular the pastime was in actual life. Before 1615 in England, many plays featured duels and the duels were regarded as highlights of the show. As opposed to after 1615, when dueling was publicly condemned by
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sound is a knap or a percussive sound made by hitting a resonant part of the body. This is timed to the moment an impact would happen and is staged so it is hidden from the audience. This allows the audience to believe that an actual blow or slap has landed because they hear a corresponding sound and see a reaction.
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Replicating Asian martial arts on stage is often an imitation of their cinematic representation, and often involves creating the illusion of high level skills that the performers themselves do not possess. Often, they are choreographed with stylized movements that are inspired by Asian martial arts
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For stage combat, all edges should be dulled and points blunted so that there is no risk of severe injury if someone is accidentally stabbed. In addition, weapons that are used, and not just for show, should be certified as combat-ready, thereby preventing any accidents involving blades accidentally
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The overriding concern is for the safety of the actors and audience. This requirement has led to the adaptation of many standard martial arts and fencing skills specifically for performance. For example, many basic sword attacks and parries must be modified to ensure that the actors do not bring the
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talks about a religious festival in which they beat each other with staves but no one dies, staged combat has always existed. As it doesn't make sense to sacrifice citizens in rituals, many ancient civilizations turned to symbolic gestures of combat through dancing or bringing a weapon to someone's
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used in stage combat are commonly round and are strong enough that they can be used as a defensive and offensive weapon. An important element in using a shield is to hold the shield arm in an upper diagonal so the fist is higher than the elbow so the top of the shield does not move when struck, and
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One school of fight choreographer thought says that an unusual aspect of live stage combat, such as in a play, is that audiences will react negatively to even simulated violence if they fear the actors are being harmed: for example, if an actor is really slapped in the face, the audience will stop
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depending upon the requirements of a particular production. One of the biggest reasons that theatrical fight directors often do not aim for strict realism is that the live audience could not easily follow the 'story' of the action if bodies and blades were moving in the ways trained fighters would
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and J. Allen
Suddeth, students of Paddy Crean, are two fight masters who have continued developing Paddy's legacy. Barry helped found the Society of British Fight Directors and then came to the United States to give fight direction a more specific shape. J. Allen Suddeth founded the National Fight
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During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, scenes of swordplay in touring theatrical productions throughout Europe, the
British Commonwealth and the United States were typically created by combining several widely known, generic routines known as "standard combats", identified by names such as
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Found objects are objects that are not traditionally weapons but can be used so in the context of the scene. A classic example of this is breaking a bottle over someone's head. As with all stage combat, the objects are rigged so as not to actually pose any danger to the recipients. In the case of
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came into fashion in
England and France in the late seventeenth century. It was used as a thrusting weapon and so sword movements were kept minimal to find the opening that a thrust could land. Most men of the period carried smallswords as fashion accessories so most were elegantly ornamented. An
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Another important element of stage combat is sound. Sound increases the believability of an action for the audience. There are two kinds of sounds that can be made. One is vocal reactions. By adding a gasp, groan, or grunt when struck, the combatants make the moves come to life. The other kind of
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The fighting styles in movies set in the
Medieval or Renaissance periods may be unrealistic and historically inaccurate. Most fight choreographers use a mix between Asian martial arts and sports fencing to re-enact fight scenes. This is generally due to the look of the fighting asked for by the
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Many of the societies offer certification programs for different weapons, which is used as an indicator about how much training an actor has had. During the early part of the Covid 19 Pandemic, several organizations made strides in distance/virtual training, including international virtual
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thinking about the character and, instead, worry about the performer. Audiences may also fear for their own safety if large combat scenes seem to be out of control. Therefore, stage combat is not simply a safety technique but is also important for an audience to maintain uninterrupted
608:. Choreography is typically learned step by step, and practiced at first very slowly before increasing to a speed that is both dramatically convincing and safe for the performers and their audience. Even stage combat is risky, and it is preferable for actors to have as much
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This consists of hand to hand combat without weapon. Elements of unarmed combat include slaps, punches, kicks, grabs, chokes, falls, rolls, grappling, among others. Many fight directors rely on combinations of messy street fighting and martial arts such as
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was notable for its large hilt which allowed it to be wielded with both hands due to its size and weight. Used for slashing rather than stabbing, this weapon is used in plays set in this period like
Shakespeare's
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Following this, further academies and associations worldwide have been established to uphold the craft, training and quality of work in the art-form of stage combat nationally and internationally, including: The
779:. While the play itself is not focused on martial arts, their inclusion is important in a pivotal moment of the play. An example of martial arts being centered in a scene of musical theatre can be found in
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Meron
Langsner, 'Theatre Hoplology: Simulations and Representations of Violence on the Stage' in 'Text & Presentation 2006' edited by Stratos E. Constantinidis', McFarland (2007),
876:. The rapier has the advantage of the thrust over the slash which means it could be a much smaller and lighter weapon than the broadsword. It is popular in Shakespeare plays like
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1387:, fight directed by Richard Ryan are widely famed for including gritty, realistic combat scenes. Ryan is also known for his creativity in devising styles such as Batman's in
399:, and to instruct actors in their use. Notable amongst these were George Dubois, a Parisian fight director and martial artist who created performance fencing styles based on
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to create fights of this nature. Generally more common in modern contemporary plays, after swords have gone out of style but also seen in older plays such as
Shakespeare's
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in 1920 was the first film director to ask a fencing master to assist the production of a fencing scene in cinema. A second wave of swashbuckling films was triggered with
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Stage combat training includes unarmed combat skills such as illusory slaps, punches, kicks, throwing and holding techniques; theatrical adaptations of various forms of
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the danger being hit in the face with the shield or the weapon using to strike it can be avoided. Sword and shields can be found in battle scenes like in
Shakespeare's
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and the New
Zealand Stage Combat Society in 1995; the British Academy of Dramatic Combat (BADC, formerly known as The Society of British Fight Directors) in 1996;
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who revolutionized stage combat, specifically sword play, for the silver screen and theater. Paddy created the flamboyant style of sword play that can be seen in
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During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, stylized stage combat has been a staple feature of traditional performing arts for centuries, such as in
Japanese
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as possible. A "fight call" or a brief rehearsal before the show is performed each time, set aside for the actors to "mark" through the fight to increase their
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director. If the director wants the story to flow a certain way, then the fight director will choreograph the fights to fit that style and tell the story.
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twice, which transposed Shakespeare's play to feudal Japan, with the appropriate style of swordplay. Also adapting the same play to a Japanese setting,
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which aims to depict events of battle, normally a specific engagement in history, but also unscripted battles where the 'winner' is not predetermined.
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620:. A show which involves fight choreography will typically be trained and supervised by a professional fight choreographer and may also include a
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became famous for both choreographing and acting in martial arts action films, and were influential in the development of stage combat on film.
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947:'s fight between Riff and Bernardo. Often in plays however, it is one actor with a knife against someone who is unarmed like in Act I of
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Quarterstaffs are used in shows that are performed in large playing spaces due to the large size of the weapon. One of the most popular
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and Robert Ross Parker, have built a genre in part around the staging of elaborate martial arts derived fight scenes.
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with enormous cost involved for each knight and correspondingly high prestige attached, comparable to contemporary
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fighting sequences, as opposed to the earlier live performances on stage. It is closely related to the practice of
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1284:& Peter Diamond (Episodes IV, V & VI) and Nick Gillard (Episodes I, II & III), tend to portray its
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Impossible Bodies in Motion: The Representation of Martial Arts on the American Stage. Langsner, Meron. 2011
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of London were also involved both in reviving antique fencing systems and in teaching these styles to actors.
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Directors Training Program in the United States and wrote the book "Fight Direction for the Theater" (1996).
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using swordsmanship techniques drawn from existing martial arts, but performed with fantasy weapons such as
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Fights staged for entertainment may also be in earnest for the combatants, as was the case with the Roman
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from the 17th century ballad. Modern quarterstaff choreography has also integrated the techniques of the
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The Swords of Shakespeare: An Illustrated Guide to Stage Combat Choreography in the Plays of Shakespeare
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in England was started in 1576 by Rocco Bonetti from Italy. Bonetti took over the lease from playwright
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448:, among others. He promoted the use of safety above all things and then focused on story of the fight.
1727:"Despite All of His Contributions to Modern Stage Combat, Ridolfo Capo Ferro Was NOT a Fight Director"
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races, while at the same time minimizing the danger of injury with highly specialized equipment.
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productions. With the advent of cinema and television the term has widened to also include the
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also choreographed by Bob Anderson employed fantasy weapons and fighting styles, designed by
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Actors on Guard: A Practical Guide for the Use of the Rapier and Dagger for Stage and Screen
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are a classical examples of competitive ritualised mock combat. The joust from the time of
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quoted as noting that tragedy is conflict between people or indeed it may be traced to the
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1167:(1606) by William Shakespeare (Cornwall and the servant, Act III; Edgar and Edmund, Act V)
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Wolf, Tony. (2009) "A Terrific Combat!!! Theatrical Duels, Brawls and Battles, 1800-1920"
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Cinema inherited the concept of choreographed fights directly from the theatrical fight.
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puts it, "movie fencing remains a poor representation of actual fencing technique". The
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throat or neck without actually touching them to symbolize death or an act of violence.
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Swashbuckling: A Step-by-Step Guide to the Art of Stage Combat and Theatrical Swordplay
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from 1935. Renewed interest in swashbuckling films arose in the 1970s, in the wake of
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due to its visual spectacle, a result of often impressive choreography and stuntwork.
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The history of stage fighting and mock combat can be traced to antiquity, with
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F. Braun McAsh, "Fight Choreography, a Practical Guide", Crowood Press (2010)
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Jonathan Howell, "Stage Fighting, a Practical Guide", Crowood Press (2008),
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1746:"Nine Pieces of Advice for Martial Artists Beginning Stage Combat Training"
440:. One of the more celebrated fight directors who emerged in this time was
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where duels are performed and can be used in combination with a dagger.
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Stage Combat Resource Materials: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography
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tend to have quick sharp movements. An example of this can be seen in
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Meron Langsner, 'Why Everyone Should Study Stage Combat', HowlRound,
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1713:"Performance Pugilism in the Pandemic - The Social Distance Showdown"
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Stage Combat: Fisticuffs, Stunts, and Swordplay for Theater and Film
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Technique used in theatre to create the illusion of physical combat
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Inouye, Kevin. The Theatrical Firearms Handbook. CRC Press, 2014.
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Waggoner, G. R. (1965). "Timon of Athens and the Jacobean Duel".
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fights is that between Robin Hood and Little John in the tale of
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and the duels were used as a last resort in regard to the plot.
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without causing harm to the performers. It is employed in live
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also includes a fight scene scripted to include elements of
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Feryn, Elisabeth; Walker-Fitzpatrick, Lesley (2008-03-08),
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The history of European theatrical combat has its roots in
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Approximate size and shape of shield used in stage combat.
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In terms of Asian theatre, fight scenes in genres such as
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emerge as a distinct genre from the 1940s, popularized by
244:. Whether it is the struggle between the men and women of
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236:. Display of martial aptitude is a natural occurrence in
1846:. Carbondale, IL: Southern University Press. p. 15.
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masters in Europe began to research and experiment with
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Traditioneller Schaukampf für Anfänger nach Dreynschlag
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The first school instructing on the correct use of the
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The beginning of a staged duel from Act IV of Gounod's
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1625:. The Primary Stages Off-Broadway Oral History Project
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Two opponents face off in a knife fighting rehearsal.
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British Academy Of Stage & Screen Combat (BASSC)
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3862:Cinematographer / director of photography
2035:, Weapons of Choice (2009), weaponsofchoice.com,
1831:. New York: Barnes and Noble. pp. 5, 123–124.
494:Society of Australian Fight Directors Inc. (SAFDi)
1598:The Fight Master: A Documentary about Paddy Crean
1280:films, the fights for which are choreographed by
1035:molds are used rather than actual glass bottles.
656:are used in large battle scenes and can include
436:has its roots in the 1920s, with the movies of
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929:There are many knife fighting styles from the
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1844:Methods and Practice of Elizabethan Swordplay
1114:Photograph from a 1901 Swedish production of
1051:Fight choreography can vary widely from true
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904:example of a smallsword duel can be seen in
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1485:. pp. Chpt. 6, Sect. II. Line 16–20.
840:A large sword commonly used in the early
252:in Ancient Greece or Ancient Egypt where
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1517:. New York: Theatre Art Books. pp.
1103:'s simple and oft seen stage direction,
1060:move them. For example, a production of
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136:A swordfight from a stage production of
1459:
1363:techniques. By contrast, films such as
855:and is also seen in fantasy epics like
2085:B H Barry. "Fights for Everyone" 2013
1995:Why Everyone Should Study Stage Combat
1500:. Vol. Book II. pp. Line 63.
1413:Historical martial arts reconstruction
1355:is particularly noted in the field of
805:created a stage version of Kurosawa's
581:; and more specialized skills such as
506:New York Combat for Stage & Screen
1822:
1820:
1711:Langsner, Meron (November 21, 2020).
1375:, fight directed by Robert Bruce and
895:Two men dueling using the smallsword.
387:techniques, with weapons such as the
7:
1879:Fight Direction for Stage and Screen
1744:Langsner, Meron (January 26, 2017).
1617:Childs, Casey (September 24, 2014).
328:, 'rant fighting') and real combat (
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2076:, Educational Video Network (2004).
1842:Turner, Craig; Soper, Tony (1990).
1369:, fight directed by William Hobbs,
1159:(circa 1605) by William Shakespeare
1151:(circa 1600) by William Shakespeare
914:written in 1985, based on the 1782
478:Society of American Fight Directors
347:, who was a member of both William
192:and is a common field of study for
2003:, McFarland & Company (1996),
1813:http://hdl.handle.net/10427/011414
1250:(1921) starring Douglas Fairbanks.
1027:when Othello strangles Desdemona.
25:
3031:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
2031:The Textbook of Theatrical Combat
1924:A Manual for Actors and Directors
1674:"John Waller — A Life Remembered"
1296:, whereas the action featured in
518:The British Guild of Stage Combat
498:Nordic Stage Fight Society (NSFS)
3499:
3489:
2996:Historical European martial arts
1795:"How to Have a Happy Fight Call"
717:
694:Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
474:historical European martial arts
34:
3500:
2016:Fight Directing for the Theatre
1922:Keith Ducklin and John Waller,
755:Vampire Cowboys Theatre Company
45:needs additional citations for
1956:, Praeger Publishers (2006),
1865:2007 Britannica, s.v. fencing.
1623:www.primarystagesoffcenter.org
1336:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
692:from the Japanese martial art
403:combat as well as Renaissance
156:is a specialised technique in
1:
1971:, Limelight Editions (2004),
1697:10.1080/17416124.2018.1522141
1175:(1609) by William Shakespeare
1143:(1597) by William Shakespeare
1135:(1597) by William Shakespeare
1941:, Theatre Arts Book (1996),
1309:During the 1970s and 1980s,
490:Fight Directors Canada (FDC)
373:"fighting scenes"), Chinese
227:origins of the human species
1329:-based fight choreographer
816:are often highly stylized.
600:The combat phase of a play
472:, a pioneer in the English
468:Starting in the mid-1960s,
4331:
4236:Computer-generated imagery
4041:Special effects supervisor
3889:Digital imaging technician
2018:, Heinemann Drama (1996),
1894:The Stage Combat Handbook,
1406:
1233:
1227:
985:
534:Acting & Stage Combat.
339:, and becomes tangible in
4046:Visual effects supervisor
3666:
3653:
3571:
3558:
3485:
3109:
3098:
2170:
2159:
2126:
1926:, Applause Books (2001),
1911:, Allworth Press (2006),
1799:HowlRound Theatre Commons
1781:HowlRound Theatre Commons
1777:"Hiring a Fight Director"
1731:HowlRound Theatre Commons
1333:is known for his work on
3966:Utility sound technician
1511:Gordon, Gilbert (1973).
1359:for his use of graceful
907:Les Liaisons Dangereuses
823:Example of a battle axe.
703:Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura
585:and different styles of
510:Stage Combat Deutschland
4266:Unit still photographer
3951:Director of audiography
3680:Unit production manager
3228:Former official sports
2656:Northern Praying Mantis
2231:Mainland Southeast Asia
1434:Hong Kong action cinema
1357:Hong Kong action cinema
1271:Encyclopædia Britannica
1236:Hong Kong action cinema
1180:'Tis Pity She's a Whore
1076:suspension of disbelief
332:, 'earnest fighting').
160:designed to create the
3956:Production sound mixer
3685:Production coordinator
3067:Professional wrestling
2734:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
2074:Basic Stage Combat DVD
1829:Weapons in the theatre
1646:"J. Allen Suddeth Bio"
1619:"B.H. Barry Interview"
1422:historical reenactment
1251:
1123:
1120:Royal Dramatic Theatre
1043:
966:
926:
916:novel of the same name
896:
872:to open his school in
837:
824:
645:
583:professional wrestling
550:
426:
142:
4226:Visual effects editor
4221:VFX creative director
3690:Production accountant
3163:Demonstration sports
2082:, Agilitas TV (2007).
1937:Dale Anthony Girard,
1827:Wise, Arthur (1968).
1544:Shakespeare Quarterly
1299:The Lord of the Rings
1243:
1113:
1041:
986:Further information:
964:
924:
894:
835:
822:
643:
549:The parts of a sword.
548:
522:East 15 Acting School
520:in 2015. As of 2005,
421:
135:
4310:Sports entertainment
4305:Choreographed combat
4145:Intimacy coordinator
3715:Production assistant
3423:Martial arts at the
3378:Martial arts at the
3308:Martial arts at the
3263:Martial arts at the
3243:Invitational sports
3193:Martial arts at the
3114:Martial arts at the
3036:Pencak Silat Harimau
2874:Pencak Silat Harimau
2806:Submission wrestling
2511:Luta Livre esportiva
1881:, Heinemann (1995),
1265:The Three Musketeers
1247:The Three Musketeers
1172:Troilus and Cressida
1091:Having its roots in
1042:Example of a katana.
604:is referred to as a
377:and Indian theater.
283:European Middle Ages
54:improve this article
3909:Lighting technician
3765:Production designer
3104:International games
2786:Full contact karate
2776:Professional boxing
2491:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
2029:Richard Pallaziol,
1764:http://www.safd.org
1762:. Updated 3/19/16.
1733:. 30 November 2013.
1644:Suddeth, J. Allen.
1031:bottles or plates,
1019:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
1000:A staple of modern
969:LLyg The Sword and
912:Christopher Hampton
706:, written in 1748.
455:Martial arts movies
287:medieval tournament
4203:Technical director
3976:Re-recording mixer
3705:Script coordinator
3695:Assistant director
3634:Executive producer
3266:Pan American Games
2943:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
2854:Jieitaikakutōjutsu
2791:Mixed martial arts
2014:J. Allen Suddeth,
1952:Michael Kirkland,
1801:. 4 December 2013.
1418:Combat reenactment
1409:Combat reenactment
1403:Combat reenactment
1372:Once Were Warriors
1252:
1213:Cyrano de Bergerac
1207:Friedrich Schiller
1124:
1116:Cyrano de Bergerac
1063:Cyrano de Bergerac
1044:
1008:Bodies and bottles
967:
927:
897:
838:
825:
729:. You can help by
710:Asian Martial Arts
646:
644:Quarterstaff fight
551:
446:Errol Flynn movies
427:
385:historical fencing
326:fechten zu schimpf
154:fight choreography
143:
18:Fight choreography
4295:Theatrical combat
4282:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4249:
4248:
4140:Acting instructor
4115:Movement director
3904:Best boy electric
3848:
3847:
3751:
3750:
3743:Storyboard artist
3700:Script supervisor
3649:
3648:
3513:
3512:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3057:Martial arts film
2052:978 1 84797 046 6
2041:978-1-934703-82-3
1902:978-1-291-89516-2
1887:978-0-435-08680-0
1760:Glossary of Terms
1679:Arms & Armour
1528:978-0-87830-131-7
1444:Martial arts film
1286:lightsaber combat
1256:Douglas Fairbanks
1244:Movie poster for
1097:Elizabethan drama
976:Wars of the Roses
958:written in 1875.
858:Lord of the Rings
789:David Henry Hwang
785:Company (musical)
747:
746:
512:in 2004; and the
438:Douglas Fairbanks
434:Cinematic fencing
405:rapier and dagger
341:Elizabethan drama
297:developed into a
273:, and any public
238:warrior societies
234:display behaviour
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4322:
4209:
4013:Music supervisor
3818:
3777:Costume designer
3731:
3720:Location manager
3710:Casting director
3668:
3655:
3591:Supporting actor
3560:
3540:
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3526:
3517:
3503:
3502:
3493:
3111:
3100:
2172:
2161:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2090:
2062:978-1-84797-2231
1999:J. D. Martinez,
1990:, 9780786430772.
1892:Wolf Christian,
1866:
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1493:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1470:. 19 April 2013.
1464:
1183:(circa 1630) by
1132:Romeo and Juliet
1093:Medieval theatre
879:Romeo and Juliet
781:Stephen Sondheim
742:
739:
721:
714:
465:from the 1960s.
389:two-handed sword
337:medieval theatre
330:fechten zu ernst
310:Late Middle Ages
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4330:
4329:
4325:
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4321:
4320:
4319:
4315:Performing arts
4285:
4284:
4283:
4270:
4245:
4207:
4175:Post-production
4169:
4160:Stunt performer
4088:
4050:
4033:Special effects
4027:
3971:Dialogue editor
3937:
3867:Camera operator
3844:
3816:
3807:Property master
3757:
3747:
3729:
3662:
3645:
3617:
3601:Character actor
3567:
3554:
3544:
3514:
3509:
3473:
3424:
3418:
3379:
3373:
3309:
3303:
3264:
3258:
3194:
3188:
3117:Summer Olympics
3115:
3105:
3086:
3040:
2972:
2910:
2824:
2815:
2766:
2757:
2715:
2711:Yoshukai Karate
2671:Shaolin kung fu
2587:
2472:
2448:Practice weapon
2424:
2367:
2257:
2250:
2176:Regional origin
2166:
2155:
2122:
2117:
1877:William Hobbs,
1874:
1872:Further reading
1869:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1793:
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1788:
1783:. 18 July 2017.
1775:
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1688:Royal Armouries
1668:
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1643:
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1628:
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1616:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1594:
1591:Wayback Machine
1584:
1580:
1575:
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1556:10.2307/2867659
1541:
1540:
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1439:Kung Fu Theater
1430:
1415:
1407:Main articles:
1405:
1396:Sherlock Holmes
1390:The Dark Knight
1238:
1232:
1226:
1089:
1084:
1049:
1010:
998:
984:
978:history plays.
944:West Side Story
844:in Europe, the
830:
807:Throne of Blood
743:
737:
734:
727:needs expansion
712:
678:
651:
634:
606:fight rehearsal
543:
361:
345:Richard Tarlton
314:fencing schools
267:
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4213:Visual effects
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4069:Visual effects
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3877:Clapper loader
3874:
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3849:
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3815:
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3812:Weapons master
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3792:Make-up artist
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
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3772:
3761:
3759:
3753:
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3748:
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3728:
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3725:Location scout
3722:
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3707:
3702:
3697:
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3682:
3676:
3674:
3672:Pre-production
3664:
3663:
3660:Below the line
3658:
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3565:Above the line
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3426:European Games
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3172:Pistol dueling
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3001:Huiyen Lallong
2998:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Shorinji Kempo
2955:
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2940:
2935:
2930:
2928:American Kenpo
2924:
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2393:
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2165:Classification
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2131:List of styles
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2012:
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1980:
1967:Richard Lane,
1965:
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1550:(4): 304–306.
1534:
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1473:
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1451:
1449:Samurai cinema
1446:
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1353:Ching Siu-tung
1230:Combat in film
1228:Main article:
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1218:Edmond Rostand
1209:
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1187:
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1080:
1068:Edmond Rostand
1048:
1045:
1009:
1006:
992:gangster movie
983:
980:
829:
826:
799:Shogun MacBeth
765:Lanford Wilson
745:
744:
724:
722:
711:
708:
677:
676:Stick-fighting
674:
650:
647:
637:breaking off.
633:
630:
542:
539:
409:Egerton Castle
360:
357:
316:. Some German
277:, such as the
266:
265:Post-classical
263:
218:
215:
213:
210:
128:
127:
69:"Stage combat"
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4120:Choreographer
4118:
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4110:Dialect coach
4108:
4106:
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4098:
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4084:Layout artist
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3961:Boom operator
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3840:Scenic design
3838:
3836:
3833:
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3830:Matte painter
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3808:
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3797:Set decorator
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3639:Line producer
3637:
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3629:Film producer
3627:
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3619:Film director
3616:
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3596:Ensemble cast
3594:
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3586:Leading actor
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3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3381:African Games
3376:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
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3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Fighting game
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:Entertainment
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Krabi–krabong
3014:
3012:
3011:Kalaripayattu
3009:
3007:
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2999:
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2804:
2802:
2801:Shootfighting
2799:
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2779:
2777:
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2773:
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2769:
2768:combat sports
2764:
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2699:
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2696:Tien Shan Pai
2694:
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2642:
2639:
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2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Choi Kwang-Do
2619:
2617:
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2458:Pushing hands
2456:
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2402:
2401:Swordsmanship
2399:
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2386:Melee weapons
2384:
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2151:Hard and soft
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2028:
2025:
2024:0-435-08674-X
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:0-89950-959-2
2006:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:0-7864-3077-X
1985:
1981:
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1977:0-87910-091-5
1974:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:0-313-30710-5
1959:
1955:
1951:
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1947:0-87830-057-0
1944:
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1936:
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1932:1-55783-459-8
1929:
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1918:
1917:1-58115-461-5
1914:
1910:
1907:Jenn Boughn,
1906:
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1896:Lulu (2014),
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1474:
1469:
1468:"Fight Craft"
1463:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
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1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1420:is a side of
1419:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:The Duellists
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1331:Yuen Woo-ping
1328:
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1077:
1071:
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1036:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1005:
1003:
997:
993:
989:
988:western movie
981:
979:
977:
972:
963:
959:
957:
955:
950:
949:Georges Bizet
946:
945:
940:
936:
932:
923:
919:
917:
913:
909:
908:
902:
893:
889:
887:
886:
881:
880:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
859:
854:
853:
847:
843:
836:Rapier sword.
834:
827:
821:
817:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:Pan Asian Rep
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
760:
756:
751:
741:
732:
728:
725:This section
723:
720:
716:
715:
709:
707:
705:
704:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
675:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
654:Melee weapons
648:
642:
638:
631:
629:
625:
623:
622:fight captain
619:
618:muscle memory
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
594:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
547:
540:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:Art of Combat
499:
496:in 1994; the
495:
492:in 1993; the
491:
487:
481:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
425:
420:
416:
414:
413:Alfred Hutton
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
376:
375:Beijing Opera
372:
368:
367:
358:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:judicial duel
276:
272:
264:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:
228:
224:
216:
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
141:
140:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4188:Sound editor
4155:Stunt double
4150:Stage combat
4149:
4130:Talent agent
4100:Acting coach
4023:Orchestrator
4018:Music editor
3981:Foley artist
3872:Focus puller
3770:Art director
3624:Screenwriter
3362:Pencak silat
3072:Stage combat
3071:
3026:Mardani khel
2948:Jeet Kune Do
2906:Silat Melayu
2869:Pencak silat
2821:Self-defense
2763:Full contact
2750:
2738:
2676:Shoot boxing
2616:Chess boxing
2516:Malla-yuddha
2453:Punching bag
2443:Boxing glove
2300:Leg strikes
2279:Elbow strike
2265:Arm strikes
2120:Martial arts
2079:
2073:
2030:
2015:
2000:
1968:
1953:
1938:
1923:
1908:
1893:
1878:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1828:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1759:
1754:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1706:
1683:
1677:
1664:
1653:. Retrieved
1650:www.safd.org
1649:
1639:
1629:November 17,
1627:. Retrieved
1622:
1612:
1602:, retrieved
1597:
1587:Ghostarchive
1585:Archived at
1581:
1572:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1514:Stage Fights
1513:
1506:
1497:
1491:
1482:
1476:
1462:
1417:
1416:
1394:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1342:
1334:
1308:
1297:
1282:Bob Anderson
1275:
1269:
1263:
1253:
1246:
1211:
1200:
1190:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1154:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1104:
1090:
1072:
1061:
1055:to outright
1050:
1029:
1022:
1011:
1002:action films
999:
968:
952:
942:
939:Knife fights
928:
905:
898:
883:
877:
863:
856:
850:
839:
811:
798:
793:
763:
757:, helmed by
752:
748:
738:January 2020
735:
731:adding to it
726:
701:
682:quarterstaff
679:
652:
635:
626:
621:
605:
599:
595:
591:
587:martial arts
575:quarterstaff
552:
533:
482:
467:
432:
428:
423:
411:and Captain
401:gladiatorial
379:
370:
369:theater (as
364:
362:
334:
329:
325:
322:Klopffechten
321:
307:
295:Maximilian I
268:
246:Aristophanes
220:
206:martial arts
182:choreography
164:of physical
153:
149:
146:Stage combat
145:
144:
137:
116:
110:January 2019
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4183:Film editor
4105:Body double
3986:Voice foley
3894:Second unit
3854:Photography
3835:Illustrator
3822:Visual arts
3802:Set dresser
3787:Hairdresser
3756:Production
3611:Cameo actor
3581:Voice actor
3311:Asian Games
3196:World Games
3158:Greco-Roman
2978:Battlefield
2938:Chun Kuk Do
2881:Suffrajitsu
2691:Tang Soo Do
2566:Greco-Roman
2319:Knee strike
2236:Philippines
1690:: 113–121.
1670:Wilson, Guy
1496:Herodotus.
1481:Aristotle.
1349:bullet time
1319:Jackie Chan
1315:Sonny Chiba
1290:lightsabers
1260:Errol Flynn
1101:Shakespeare
1033:sugar glass
935:switchblade
931:Bowie knife
874:Blackfriars
842:Middle Ages
537:workshops.
530:B.A. (Hons)
470:John Waller
463:Sonny Chiba
450:B. H. Barry
442:Paddy Crean
371:tachimawari
349:Shakespeare
303:Formula One
172:as well as
170:stage plays
150:fight craft
4300:Filmmaking
4289:Categories
4261:Swing gang
4231:Compositor
4165:Under-five
3926:Dolly grip
3735:Storyboard
3551:filmmaking
3353:2018 Only
3214:Kickboxing
2968:Qwan Ki Do
2896:To-Shin Do
2826:combatives
2796:Pankration
2781:Kickboxing
2752:Xingyiquan
2740:Baguazhang
2706:Wudangquan
2636:Kickboxing
2531:Shuai jiao
2341:Joint lock
2258:techniques
1655:2018-11-17
1604:2018-11-17
1455:References
1323:Sammo Hung
1234:See also:
1216:(1897) by
1205:(1781) by
1202:Die Räuber
1196:Aphra Behn
1194:(1677) by
1105:they fight
1087:In theater
901:smallsword
846:broadsword
803:Ping Chong
759:Qui Nguyen
686:Robin Hood
614:experience
571:broadsword
567:smallsword
541:Techniques
532:Degree in
528:offered a
397:smallsword
353:King James
271:gladiators
250:Lysistrata
242:war dances
208:training.
202:gymnastics
80:newspapers
4241:Rendering
4056:Animation
4003:Subtitles
3882:Steadicam
3782:Greensman
3606:Bit actor
3547:Film crew
3469:Wrestling
3464:Taekwondo
3414:Wrestling
3409:Taekwondo
3344:Wrestling
3339:Taekwondo
3299:Wrestling
3294:Taekwondo
3237:Taekwondo
3219:Muay Thai
3154:freestyle
3150:Wrestling
3145:Taekwondo
3021:Krav Maga
2933:Angampora
2901:Wing Chun
2859:Krav Maga
2849:Kajukenbo
2811:Vale Tudo
2686:Taekwondo
2651:Muay Thai
2641:Kun Khmer
2571:Mongolian
2561:freestyle
2541:Wrestling
2500:Para judo
2478:Grappling
2331:Grappling
2269:Chokehold
2199:Indonesia
1498:Histories
1327:Hong Kong
1311:Bruce Lee
1304:Tony Wolf
1294:the Force
1277:Star Wars
1191:The Rover
1185:John Ford
1164:King Lear
951:'s opera
870:John Lyly
797:produced
769:Burn This
602:rehearsal
516:in 2010;
508:in 1999;
504:in 1997;
480:in 1977.
459:Bruce Lee
407:fencing.
318:fechtbuch
258:Histories
254:Herodotus
223:Aristotle
4198:Animator
4193:Colorist
4135:Stand-in
4074:Modeling
4064:Animator
4008:Composer
3916:Key grip
3454:Muaythai
3204:Ju-jitsu
3077:Tricking
3061:Chanbara
2963:Unifight
2916:Eclectic
2891:Taekkyon
2839:Bartitsu
2721:Internal
2611:Capoeira
2593:Striking
2521:Pehlwani
2468:Sparring
2430:Training
2418:Shooting
2363:Stand-up
2351:Takedown
2304:Footwork
2294:Headbutt
2256:Unarmed
2141:Timeline
1672:(2018).
1589:and the
1428:See also
1399:movies.
1384:Ironclad
1140:Henry IV
828:European
767:'s play
690:bō staff
610:training
557:such as
174:operatic
162:illusion
4079:Rigging
3993:Dubbing
3505:Outline
3439:Fencing
3394:Fencing
3329:Jujutsu
3279:Fencing
3130:Fencing
3006:Jujutsu
2991:Bokator
2986:Banshay
2920:hybrids
2886:Systema
2844:Hapkido
2746:Tai chi
2701:Vovinam
2646:Lethwei
2551:Cornish
2506:Jujutsu
2463:Randori
2413:Archery
2373:Weapons
2246:Vietnam
2219:Okinawa
2209:Ireland
2204:Italian
2146:Records
2136:History
1564:2867659
1483:Poetics
1361:wire fu
1345:trilogy
1224:In film
1156:Macbeth
1118:at the
1057:fantasy
1053:realism
1047:Realism
1024:Othello
971:shields
852:Macbeth
632:Weapons
555:fencing
381:Fencing
308:In the
281:of the
256:in his
231:primate
217:Ancient
212:History
158:theatre
139:Macbeth
94:scholar
4093:Talent
3899:Gaffer
3758:design
3495:Portal
3449:Karate
3434:Boxing
3404:Karate
3389:Boxing
3357:Kurash
3334:Karate
3319:Boxing
3289:Karate
3274:Boxing
3247:Aikido
3209:Karate
3182:Savate
3140:Karate
3125:Boxing
2953:Shooto
2729:Aikido
2681:Savate
2631:Karate
2606:Boxing
2486:Barróg
2314:Flying
2289:Ground
2284:Clinch
2241:Russia
2189:Europe
2060:
2050:
2039:
2022:
2007:
1986:
1975:
1960:
1945:
1930:
1915:
1900:
1885:
1562:
1525:
1381:&
1343:Matrix
1148:Hamlet
1015:aikido
996:Gun fu
994:, and
954:Carmen
885:Hamlet
866:rapier
814:Kabuki
777:Karate
773:Aikido
698:Kabuki
670:flails
658:spears
579:knives
563:dagger
559:rapier
526:London
424:Faust.
393:rapier
366:Kabuki
359:Modern
285:. The
194:actors
190:stunts
186:filmed
178:ballet
166:combat
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4254:Other
4125:Extra
3943:Sound
3576:Actor
3459:Sambo
3367:Sambo
3349:Wushu
3252:Wushu
3232:Sambo
3177:Glima
3082:Wuxia
2864:MCMAP
2834:Arnis
2666:Sanda
2626:Dambe
2601:Bando
2581:shoot
2546:catch
2526:Sambo
2356:Throw
2346:Sweep
2324:Stomp
2274:Punch
2226:Korea
2214:Japan
2194:India
2184:China
2068:Video
1686:(2).
1560:JSTOR
1082:Types
1066:, by
933:to a
700:play
666:maces
649:Melee
299:sport
291:joust
198:dance
101:JSTOR
87:books
3931:Grip
3444:Judo
3399:Judo
3324:Judo
3284:Judo
3224:Sumo
3167:Budō
3135:Judo
2556:folk
2536:Sumo
2496:Judo
2438:Kata
2381:Duel
2336:Hold
2309:Kick
2058:ISBN
2048:ISBN
2037:ISBN
2020:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1984:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1943:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1898:ISBN
1883:ISBN
1631:2018
1523:ISBN
1411:and
1378:Troy
1341:the
1339:and
1321:and
1017:and
982:Guns
899:The
882:and
775:and
753:The
662:axes
612:and
577:and
569:and
561:and
488:and
461:and
395:and
289:and
275:duel
229:and
176:and
73:news
3998:ADR
2576:oil
1692:doi
1552:doi
1292:or
1107:).
910:by
783:'s
733:.
204:or
184:of
152:or
56:by
4291::
3156:,
2918:/
1819:^
1797:.
1779:.
1729:.
1684:15
1682:.
1676:.
1648:.
1621:.
1593::
1558:.
1548:16
1546:.
1521:.
1351:.
1317:,
1313:,
1306:.
1078:.
990:,
937:.
918:.
861:.
809:.
791:.
668:,
664:,
660:,
565:,
524:,
391:,
343:.
248:'
200:,
148:,
3553:)
3549:(
3539:e
3532:t
3525:v
3160:)
3152:(
3063:)
3059:(
2823:/
2765:/
2502:)
2498:(
2112:e
2105:t
2098:v
2043:.
2026:.
2011:.
1979:.
1964:.
1949:.
1934:.
1919:.
1904:.
1889:.
1766:.
1748:.
1715:.
1700:.
1694::
1658:.
1633:.
1566:.
1554::
1531:.
1519:6
1122:.
1099:(
956:,
740:)
736:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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