Fighter-bomber - Knowledge

38: 337: 770: 991: 1216: 101: 468: 757:. German destroyers escorted convoys of Swedish iron ore, which in winter were forced to creep along the Atlantic Coast by night, hiding deep inside fjords by day. Z33 was moored close to the vertical cliffside of the fjords so Beaufighters had to attack singly with rockets without the normal tactic of having simultaneous attacks by other Beaufighters firing cannon at the numerous flak gunners. Twelve 571:, with bombs and cannon fire-making little impact on their armour. Daylight bombing raids were made on the French and Belgian coasts, targeting mostly oil and gas works. Losses were heavy, often more than the numbers of enemy fighters destroyed. By May 1942 Hurricane IICs with 40-imperial-gallon (180 L) drop tanks were intruding at night over France. On the night of May 4–5, Czech pilot 459:, 26 Typhoons and 6 Spitfires were destroyed and another 30 Typhoons damaged. In total, 305 aircraft, mostly fighters, and fighter-bombers were destroyed and another 190 damaged. The Luftwaffe lost 143 pilots killed, 71 captured and 20 wounded, making the worst one-day loss in its history; it never recovered. 564:'s performance compared to the latest German fighters, it was modified to carry four 20mm cannon and two 500 lb (230 kg) bombs; once bombs were jettisoned the aircraft could put up a reasonable fight. Inevitably the type became known in the RAF as the “Hurribomber”, reaching squadrons in June 1941. 1206:

was rushed to Korea to combat the MiG-15s. There is much debate as to which was the better fighter. Recent research suggests a 13-10 advantage to the Sabre against Russian pilots, but the US pilots were mostly WWII veterans whilst the Russians were often “volunteers” with only a few hours aloft. The

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engine of 2,480 hp (1,850 kW) giving a 485 mph (781 km/h) top speed, one of the fastest piston-engined aircraft ever built. Initially, United Nations air forces using piston-engined fighter-bombers and straight wing jet fighters easily drove the North Koreans out of the sky and so

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The first pilots to fly the Thunderbolt from England were Americans who had been flying Spitfires in the RAF before the U.S. joined the war. They were not impressed initially; the Thunderbolt lost out to the more nimble Spitfire so consistently in mock dogfights that these encounters were eventually

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When war broke out in Europe, Western Allied Air Forces employed light twin-engined bombers in the tactical role for low-level attacks. These were found to be extremely vulnerable both to ground fire and to single-engine fighters. The German and Japanese Air Forces had chosen dive bombers which were

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fighter-bombers, the first Allied jet fighter of WWII but no match for a MiG-15. It was pressed into combat but after four were lost when the squadron was bounced by 40 Mig-15s, reverted to ground attack, carrying 16 60 lb (27 kg) rockets. Although Meteors shot down 6 MiG-15s, 30 were

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from September to December 1940. A larger fighter-bomber campaign was conducted against the UK from March 1942 until June 1943. These operations were successful in tying down Allied resources at a relatively low cost to the Luftwaffe, but the British Government regarded the campaign as a nuisance

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fighter but had armour plating in the nose to protect the pilot and fuel system from ground fire. Originally it was intended to have two machine guns jutting through the cockpit floor so as to spray trenches with bullets as it passed low overhead. But this did not work and it was fitted with four

1119:, a vote was carried without Soviet veto, to intervene in support of the South. Most readily available were U.S. and British Commonwealth forces occupying Japan and the Pacific fleets. The first arrivals were fighter-bombers, which helped to repulse the Northern attack on the vital port of 1130:

had the range to reach the front line from Japanese bases. The last piston-engined aircraft, produced in the U.S., it looked like two Mustangs, with two pilots in separate fuselages, bolted together. Initially intended to escort bombers over Japan from remote Pacific island bases, hence its

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flown by Russian pilots on November 1. The planes had Korean markings and the pilots had been taught a few Korean words, in a thin sham that the USSR was not fighting. The MiG-15 used captured German swept wing technology and tools and British jet engines, 25 of which had been a gift from

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The Typhoon disappointed as a fighter, especially at altitude but found its true niche as a fighter bomber from September 1942. It was fitted with racks to carry two 500 lb (230 kg) and then two 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs. By September 1943 it was fitted with eight

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engine, giving a top speed of 432 miles per hour (695 km/h). At a low level, it was faster than any other Allied or German aircraft, but slower than the Spitfire above 22,000 ft (6,700 m). Fitted with four 20mm cannon it was a formidable fighter, respected even by

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also twin-engined, could fulfill the same role. Although Lightning got its name from the RAF, the British eventually rejected it. Too slow and cumbersome to match Bf 109s as an escort fighter over Germany, it did fly over Normandy as a fighter bomber, where one tried

289:, the most successful Allied aircraft of the First World War with 1,294 enemy aircraft downed, was losing its edge by 1918, especially over 12,000 ft (3,700 m). During the final German offensive in March 1918, it dropped 25 lb (11 kg) 189:

radial engine of 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) in a much smaller, simpler and less expensive single-seat aircraft, and was the first aircraft design to ever fly with the Double Wasp engine in May 1940. With less airframe and crew to lift, the Corsair's

626:'s Berlin Nazi anniversary broadcast on January 20, 1943, leading him to tell Erhard Milch, Air Inspector General that “when I see the Mosquito I am yellow and green with envy. (The British) have the geniuses and we have the nincompoops.” 324:, Suffolk dropping dummy bombs at various dive angles at a flag stuck into a shingle beach. Both WW1 fighter bombers were used with novice and experienced pilots. The best results were achieved with a vertical dive into the wind using the 699:

The disparity between claims and actual destruction at about 25-1 owed much to the difficulty of hitting a fast-moving tank with an unguided rocket, even from a stable aircraft like the Typhoon. But soft targets were simpler. When the

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or 2,000 lb (910 kg) of bombs; a later version could carry eight rockets or 4,000 lb (1,800 kg) of bombs. The massive, powerful 18-cylinder Double Wasp engine weighed almost a ton—half as much again as the V12

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on equal terms. But the second seat carried a radio operator with a homing device that could find the carrier even when it had moved, in foul North Sea weather. It achieved one of the first kills of the war, when three from

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Initially used for high-level photo-reconnaissance, the Mosquito was adapted to precision bombing, night fighter, and fighter bomber roles. It was built in Canada and Australia as well as the UK. Fitted with a British Army

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on June 25, 1950, their forces quickly routed the South Korean army which lacked tanks, anti-tank and heavy artillery. Its Air Force had 22 planes, none of which were fighters, or jets. During a Soviet boycott of the

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was being designed as a replacement for the Hurricane in March 1937 before production had even started. The reason was to take advantage of the new 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) engines then being planned, either the

69:. It differs from bomber and attack aircraft primarily in its origins, as a fighter that has been adapted into other roles, whereas bombers and attack aircraft are developed specifically for bombing and attack roles. 401:

had designed the aircraft when the Spitfire and Bf 109 were the fastest fighters flying; he called them racehorses, fast but fragile. As a former World War I cavalryman, Tank chose to design a warhorse. With a

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surprised the Mustangs and Norway's biggest ever air battle was soon raging. Nine Beaufighters and one Mustang were lost as were five Fw 190s. The destroyer was damaged and February 9, 1945, became known as

614:, Scotland, carrying four 500 lb (230 kg) bombs each. The next day the RAF unveiled its new fast bomber. On December 31, 1944, the same aircraft was used against the same target, this time from 1182:

remarked “What fool will sell us his secrets?” The MiG's Rolls-Royce Nene had 5,000 lbf (2,300 kgf) thrust, twice as much as the jets of its main British and US opponents, which used the older

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engines and a streamlined wooden fuselage achieved 392 mph (631 km/h), 30 mph (48 km/h) faster than the current Spitfire. It was used on all kinds of missions, including silencing

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of 920 hp (690 kW) each, a crew of three, and its payload was just 1,200 lb (540 kg) of bombs. The Blenheim suffered disastrous losses over France in 1939 when it encountered

1034:. This became known as the St Valentine's Day massacre. Despite this initiation the Corsair soon proved to be an effective fighter bomber, mostly flown by the Marine Corps, but also by the 451:. Allied fighter aircraft and fighter-bomber losses were downplayed, at the time. Seventeen airfields were targeted, of which seven lost many aircraft. The surprise was complete as the few 2153: 293:

on advancing columns: whilst puny by later standards, the four fragmentation bombs carried by a Camel could cause serious injuries to exposed troops. Pilot casualties were also high. The

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which required a larger airframe than the nimble Hurricane. At the prototype stage, there were problems with the new engines and stability of the aircraft itself, which led the

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turret with four 0.303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns mounted aft of the cockpit but only two were built. Bristol's Blenheim was even pushed into service as a fighter during the

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was not expected to encounter land-based fighters but was to intercept long-range bombers attacking the fleet and also to sink ships. As a two-seater, it could not fight the

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engine and weighed up to eight tons with ordnance. The P-47 was twice as heavy and had four times the fuselage size of a Spitfire. Armed with eight .50 in (12.7 mm)

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radial engine to give it a top speed 50 mph (80 km/h) faster. By late 1942 the Beaufighter was also capable of carrying torpedoes or rockets. The main user was

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saw a half-track full of SS soldiers. All were uninjured, powerful men over 6 ft (180 cm) tall. All were dead, killed by the air blast from a Typhoon rocket.

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which was tied to a mole in Bergen harbour. The Germans recorded five hits or near misses and as the ship started to sink, electric power failed, dooming the ship. The

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from U.S., British and Australian carriers in the Yellow Sea and later from Korean airfields, also attacked the Pusan perimeter. The Sea Fury, a development of the

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Increased engine power meant that many existing fighter designs could carry useful bomb loads, and adapt to the fighter-bomber role. Notable examples include the

2146: 688:, Typhoons destroyed 9 of 46 tanks lost but were more effective against unarmoured vehicles and troops and cause the armoured vehicles to seek cover. General 848: 249:

Larger twin-engined aircraft were also used in the fighter-bomber role, especially where longer ranges were needed for naval strikes. Examples include the

692:, the Supreme Allied Commander, said "The chief credit in smashing the enemy's spearhead, however, must go to the rocket-firing Typhoon aircraft of the 300:

The Royal Flying Corps received the first purpose-built fighter-bomber just as the war was ending. It was not called a fighter bomber at the time, but a

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it could sink U-boats found on the surface. On April 9, 1945, three were sunk en route to Norway, and in the following month, Mosquitos sank two more.

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Gunston, Bill and Robert F. Dorr. North American P-51 Mustang: The Fighter that Won the War. Wings of Fame Vol. 1. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1995.

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engine in this installation led to its relegation to a target tug role, where it could match the speed of the German bombers whilst towing a drone.

447:, over 1,000 aircraft (including more than 600 Fw 190s) launched a last-ditch attempt to destroy Allied planes on the ground in support of the 361:. Naval forces chose both torpedo and dive bombers. None of these could be considered as fighter bombers as they could not combat fighters. 273:

but it was not fast enough. Equipped with an early Airborne Interception (AI) radar set, however, it proved to be an effective night fighter.

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Goulter, Christina J. M.A Forgotten Offensive: Royal Air Force Coastal Command’s Anti-shipping Campaign, 1940–1945:1995;Frank Cass, London:

409:, wide-set undercarriage, and two 20mm cannons as well as machine guns it became a better fighter-bomber than either of the pure fighters. 696:. The result of the strafing was that the enemy attack was effectively brought to a halt, and a threat was turned into a great victory". 868:+2, Tempests shot down three German fighters, without loss. Tempests supported the ambitious attempt to capture the bridge at Arnhem in 516:

called for a carrier aircraft that could combine the roles of the dive bomber and fighter, to save limited space on small carriers. The

112:, Normandy (1944). It carries a 500 lb (230 kg) bomb under the fuselage and a 250 lb (110 kg) bomb under each wing. 2234: 412:

By mid-1942, the first of these "Jagdbombers" (literally "fighter" or "hunter" bomber, known for short as "Jabos") was operating over

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is a heavily armoured two-seat single-engine ground-attack aircraft. It first flew a month later although few had reached the

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lost, but mainly to ground fire. Both Corsairs and Sea Furies also shot down MiG-15s, but were vulnerable to the faster jet.

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Typhoons were involved in one of the worst tragedies at the end of the war when four squadrons attacked the luxury liners

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dramatically improved the power of even the smallest fighter designs. Many aircraft initially designed as fighters or

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of the opening stages of the war, was originally designed in 1934 as a fast civil transport to meet a challenge by

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machine guns it could outshoot any enemy fighter, and as a fighter-bomber, it could carry half the bomb load of a

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but no funds were available for a fighter; instead, the Mustang was fitted with dive brakes and emerged as the

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Thompson, Warren E. Double Trouble, The F-82 Twin Mustang in Korea Air Enthusiast, Key Publishing March 2001

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banned. But by November 25, 1943 Thunderbolts had found their true niche, attacking a Luftwaffe airfield at

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On April 10, 1940, 16 Skuas operating from RNAS Hatston in Orkney under Commander William Lucy sank the

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power grew dramatically during the early period of the war, roughly doubling between 1939 and 1943. The

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Malkasian, Carter, The Korean War 1950-53. Essential Histories. Fitzroy Dearborn London, Chicago 2001.

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Claims of German tanks destroyed by rocket-armed Typhoons in Normandy after D-Day were exaggerated. In

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each with a 60 lb (27 kg) warhead, equivalent to the power of a naval destroyer's broadside.

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to align the aircraft. But they were not considered good enough to justify the expected casualty rate.

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found themselves in the fighter-bomber role at some point in their career. Notable among these is the

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of 75 tanks recorded as lost by the Germans, only 10 were found to be due to rocket-firing Typhoons.

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refused to take any more inmates on board. On return to shore in longboats they were gunned down by

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Kay, Anthony L. Turbojet History and Development 1930-1960 The Crowood Press, Ramsbury, Wilts 2007

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David, Donald ed, The complete encyclopaedia of world aircraft. Noble and Barnes, New York 1977 .

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Jacobs, Benjamin. The Dentist of Auschwitz. University Press of Kentucky. 1994. Lexington Ky.

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in Scotland, flying high and diving onto the building. In February 1941 the Mosquito with two

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with only one aircraft lost, killing 32 civilians and injuring 116, in the largest raid since

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Cooper bombs, instead. It was ordered in very large numbers, but most were canceled after the

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used a version of the Nene and could match the MiG-15, accounting for seven during November.

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Although still used, the term fighter-bomber has less significance since the introduction of

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Reynolds, Michael: Steel Inferno 1SS Panzer Corps in Normandy Da Capo Press New York, 1997

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in an underutilized plant, he promised a better fighter on the same timing. The resulting

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Bodenplatte: The Luftwaffe's Last Hope-The Attack on Allied Airfields, New Year's Day 1945

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had a Red Cross flag painted on at least one funnel. The previous day the Captain of the

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Haar , Gerr H, The German attack on Norway April 1940. Seaforth, Barnsley. England 2009.

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in Scotland from Australian, British, Canadian, and New Zealand squadrons attacked the

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Aircraft tasked primarily with ground attack while retaining some air combat capability

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Hermann Gōring im Gesprach mit Erhard Milch März 1943 Archiv der Luftfahrtministerium

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was a development of the Typhoon using the thin wing with an aerofoil developed by

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Beadle, Jeremy, and Harrison, Ian: Firsts, Lasts, and Onlys: Anova Books, 2008

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It was soon found that it was hardly possible to hit fast-moving Panzers in the

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Macpherson Sir Tommy and Richard Bath: Behind Enemy Lines. Mainstream UK 2010:

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funding for the RAF Mustangs was exhausted, Kindleberger tried to interest the

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Fighter-bombers became increasingly important in the 1950s and 1960s, as new

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In February and April 1918 the Royal Flying Corps conducted bombing tests at

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Rees, David: Korea: The Limited War. Macmillan, London. 1964. OLC 602104508

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from February 12, 1943. In its first combat action, the following day over

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jet fighter pilots as their most dangerous opponent. At its debut over the

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intercepts had not been understood. At the worst hit, the Canadian base at

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tactics and techniques could also be used: some designs were intended for

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Luftwaffe Fighter-Bombers Over Britain: The Tip and Run Campaign, 1942-43

1435: 437: 2250: 2178: 914: 595: 436:: although winning the air war, they were unable to prevent subsequent 403: 606:, which had flown over the North Sea below 100 ft (30 m) by 397:, slightly faster and more heavily armed than the current Spitfire V. 2257: 909:

a 1,000 lb (450 kg) bomb through the door of Field Marshal

432:. By July 1943 Fw 190s were replacing the vulnerable Stukas over the 227: 73: 1088:, a dive bomber almost as fast as the Mustang itself. By April 1943 1030:

two Corsairs and eight other aircraft were lost when attacked by 50

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so badly near Trieste with gunfire alone that the ship was scuttled.

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Mason, Francis K. Hawker Aircraft since 1920. Putnam. London 1991.

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engine became the outstanding long-range fighter of the war. When

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came within 2 miles (3.2 km) of cutting through US forces to

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to decree that production must focus on Spitfires and Hurricanes.

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long-range, it missed WWII and first saw action in Korea. Plain

486:(which the RAF called Boston) were used as night fighters during 2030: 2028: 1264:. An example of a modern purpose-designed fighter bomber is the 999: 674: 663: 413: 2135: 84:. Modern aircraft with similar duties are now typically called 49:, and could carry a bomb load of 2,500 lb (1,100 kg). 1965:

Whitley, M.J. Destroyers of World War 2, 1988 Cassel, London:

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near Calais, France. On October 13, 1944, a Thunderbolt from

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In August 1941, RAF pilots reported encountering a very fast

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Fighter Pilot Tactics. The Techniques of Daylight Air Combat

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Daylight heavy bomber raids over North Korea ceased and the

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was a long-range twin-engine heavy fighter derived from the

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Darlington. Roger, Night Hawk, William Kimber, London 1985

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Stalingrad – The Air Battle: November 1942 – February 1943

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torpedo bomber but with the 1,600 hp (1,200 kW)

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Gloster Meteor: Britain's Celebrated First-Generation Jet

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fighter over France. First thought to be captured French

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The first single-seat fighters to drop bombs were on the

30:"Fighter bomber" redirects here. For the video game, see 1474:

British Secret Projects - Fighters and Bombers 1935-1950

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have its design tailored to a specific prescribed role.

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Goss, Chris; Cornwell, Peter; Rauchbach, Bernd (2010).

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role for European use. Other U.S. examples include the

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was the top Tempest ace with 12 victories including an

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The Battle of Britain: The Fight for Survival in 1940.

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moved to block German panzers reaching Antwerp in the

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were specifically adapted for the fighter-bomber role.

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with some aircraft assembled in Australia and by the

2378: 2227: 2220: 2171: 1158:disrupted logistics and hence the attack on Pusan. 1834:Air Power: Turning Points from Kittyhawk to Kosovo 2119:. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland Publishing, 2007. 304:as that was what it was designed to attack. The 61:that has been modified, or used primarily, as a 2095:Dorr, Robert F. Jon Lake and Robert E. Thomson 680:At Mortain, where the German counter-offensive 382:given the small scale of the individual raids. 1428:"Chance Vought F4U Corsair - XF4U-1 - Genesis" 1409:. London: Crécy Publishing, 2nd edition 2005. 1386:. London: Crécy Publishing, 2nd edition 2005. 932:was a larger, evolutionary development of the 921:over Bougainville in the Pacific acting on an 2147: 917:HQ. A Lightning squadron also killed Admiral 816:had 4,500 concentration camp inmates and the 753:Norway. They were escorted by only 10 to 12 8: 1903:RAF Witter February 9, 1944, Tactical Trials 1202:were focused on bombing missions whilst the 379:fighter-bomber attacks on the United Kingdom 164:, and light bombers were quickly withdrawn. 1521:; Crowood Press, Marlborough England, 1999 1260:, each of which was widely used during the 983:(formerly the Italian 750 ton torpedo boat 2224: 2154: 2140: 2132: 1867: 1865: 1476:. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2004. 1949:. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens, 1983. 1407:The Bristol Blenheim: A Complete History 1401: 1399: 1384:The Bristol Blenheim: A Complete History 820:another 2,800 as well as SS Guards. The 36: 1513: 1511: 1362:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 131. 1313: 1244:, first designed as a high-performance 1207:Australians converted from Mustangs to 1014:engine as the Thunderbolt, but for the 1012:Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp 950:Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp 187:Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp 428:in time to bomb Russian positions in 7: 1800:. London: Aston Publications, 1988. 203:and twice as much as the 9-cylinder 1223:is designed for long-range strikes. 1092:Apaches were in Morocco supporting 851:and a more powerful version of the 416:. On October 31, 60 Fw 190s bombed 120:, general limitations in available 2235:Airborne early warning and control 1928:New York: Ballantine Books, 1983. 1626:. Cassell Military, London. 1996. 1322:"Fighter-bombers are dual-purpose" 1139:soon also flew across from Japan. 47:.50-caliber (12.7 mm) machine guns 25: 1584:Kursk – The Air Battle: July 1943 1128:North American F-82 Twin Mustangs 741:Over 30 Beaufighters flying from 730:although it was also used in the 632:Ordnance QF 6 pounder (57 mm) gun 2069:. Midland Publishing. p. 5. 2054:. Midland Publishing. p. 6. 2039:. Midland Publishing. p. 4. 1832:Grey, Peter, and Sebastian Cox. 1258:McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II 1254:North American F-100 Super Sabre 1198:and its all-weather variant the 536:flying boat over the North Sea. 2115:Butler, Phil and Tony Buttler. 1176:president of the Board of Trade 652:Minister of Aircraft Production 553:had departed during the night. 1798:The Hawker Typhoon and Tempest 1780:London: Johnathon Cape, 1980. 1602:Manrho, John & Pütz, Ron. 962:High Velocity Aircraft Rockets 960:or 10 five-inch (127 mm) 560:and the gradual fading of the 196:High Velocity Aircraft Rockets 1: 2067:Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-15 Fagot 2052:Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-15 Fagot 2037:Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-15 Fagot 1836:. London: Frank Class, 2002. 1690:Dibbs, John and Tony Holmes. 1586:. London: Chevron/Ian Allan. 1566:. London: Chevron/Ian Allan. 1051:British Purchasing Commission 938:United States Army Air Forces 936:fighter undertaken after the 898:United States Army Air Forces 876:, an American who joined the 297:. was used in the same role. 1692:Hurricane: A Fighter Legend. 1582:Bergström, Christer (2007). 1562:Bergstrom, Christer (2007). 1497:Manchester, UK: Crécy 2010. 1133:North American P-51 Mustangs 1024:Henderson Field, Guadalcanal 755:North American P-51 Mustangs 497:, a two-seat version of the 295:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 128:required that each proposed 1914:http://www.hawkertempest.se 1196:Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star 1165:intervened with swept-wing 1067:North American P-51 Mustang 1044:Royal New Zealand Air Force 958:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress 594:On September 25, 1942, the 340:The F-series models of the 178:and the massive, seven-ton 32:Fighter Bomber (video game) 2486: 1694:Oxford, UK: Osprey, 1995. 1624:The Night Blitz: 1940–1941 1242:Lockheed F-104 Starfighter 1137:Royal Australian Air Force 1086:North American A-36 Apache 1020:United States Marine Corps 1010:was built around the same 732:Royal Australian Air Force 587:as they slowed to land at 443:On New Year's Day 1945 in 349:similarly vulnerable. The 244:North American A-36 Apache 29: 1298:Multirole combat aircraft 1204:North American F-86 Sabre 1178:and were quickly copied. 930:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt 694:Second Tactical Air Force 224:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt 183:Republic P-47 Thunderbolt 86:multirole combat aircraft 1360:A Dictionary of Aviation 1358:Wragg, David W. (1973). 1248:and then adapted to the 1167:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15s 1046:in the Pacific theater. 878:Royal Canadian Air Force 556:With the failing of the 393:, they turned out to be 2099:. Osprey, London 2005. 1493:Bowyer, Michael J. F. 1059:North American Aviation 902:Lockheed P-38 Lightning 872:in mid-September 1944. 870:Operation Market Garden 808:moored off Neustadt in 604:de Havilland Mosquitoes 591:after raiding England. 251:Lockheed P-38 Lightning 126:aeronautical technology 2065:Yefim, Gordon (2005). 2050:Yefim, Gordon (2005). 2035:Yefim, Gordon (2005). 1224: 1200:Lockheed F-94 Starfire 1187:design. Only the Navy 1003: 794:and two smaller ships 777: 702:51st Highland Division 475: 345: 238:as exemplified by the 113: 50: 1758:de Havilland Mosquito 1728:de Havilland Mosquito 1221:Dassault Mirage 2000D 1218: 1161:All changed when the 1055:James H. Kindelberger 993: 942:Messerschmitt Bf 109s 772: 470: 445:Operation Bodenplatte 339: 263:de Havilland Mosquito 194:load was either four 162:Messerschmitt Bf 109s 103: 45:was armed with eight 40: 1063:Curtiss P-40 Warhawk 1032:Mitsubishi A6M Zeros 858:Messerschmitt Me 262 747:German destroyer Z33 690:Dwight D. Eisenhower 589:Saint-André-de-Bohon 522:Messerschmitt Bf 109 514:British Air Ministry 359:Operation Barbarossa 106:Supermarine Spitfire 2305:Electronic warfare 1189:Grumman F9F Panther 1185:Rolls-Royce Derwent 1143:Vought F4U Corsairs 1104:When Soviet-backed 978:Torpedoboot Ausland 976:damaged the German 728:RAF Coastal Command 716:Bristol Beaufighter 706:Battle of the Bulge 648:Rolls-Royce Vulture 573:Karel Kuttelwascher 449:Battle of the Bulge 255:Bristol Beaufighter 176:Grumman F6F Hellcat 2246:Counter-insurgency 1926:Fork-tailed Devil. 1796:Mason, Francis K. 1778:Battle of Britain. 1225: 1074:Rolls-Royce Merlin 1061:, to assemble the 1036:United States Navy 1008:Vought F4U Corsair 1004: 996:Vought F4U Corsair 944:performing in the 874:David C. Fairbanks 778: 759:Focke-Wulf Fw 190s 671:Operation Goodwood 620:Rolls-Royce Merlin 507:Rolls-Royce Merlin 484:Douglas A-20 Havoc 476: 473:Douglas A-20 Havoc 395:Focke-Wulf Fw 190s 391:Curtiss 75 Mohawks 346: 306:Sopwith Salamander 257:(developed from a 232:high-level bombing 207:that powered some 201:Rolls-Royce Merlin 169:Vought F4U Corsair 114: 51: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2300:Close air support 2164:military aircraft 2085:978-1-86126-912-6 1877:978-0-7146-4147-8 1858:978-1-84596-636-2 1716:978-0-7183-0574-1 1680:978-1-84832-032-1 1648:978-0-85177-839-6 1592:978-1-903223-88-8 1572:978-1-85780-276-4 1503:978-0-85979-147-2 1155:Bristol Centaurus 946:Battle of Britain 911:Günther von Kluge 682:Operation Lüttich 499:Battle of Britain 371:Battle of Britain 342:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 308:was based on the 271:Battle of Britain 216:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 167:In contrast, the 130:military aircraft 16:(Redirected from 2477: 2460:Fighter aircraft 2308: 2225: 2207: 2156: 2149: 2142: 2133: 2127: 2113: 2107: 2093: 2087: 2077: 2071: 2070: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2032: 2023: 2020: 2014: 2011: 2005: 1995: 1989: 1979: 1973: 1963: 1957: 1943: 1937: 1924:Caidin, Martin. 1922: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1901: 1895: 1885: 1879: 1869: 1860: 1850: 1844: 1830: 1824: 1814: 1808: 1794: 1788: 1774: 1768: 1756:Bowman, Martin. 1754: 1748: 1745: 1739: 1726:Bowman, Martin. 1724: 1718: 1708: 1702: 1688: 1682: 1672: 1666: 1656: 1650: 1640: 1634: 1620: 1614: 1600: 1594: 1580: 1574: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1535: 1529: 1519:Sopwith Aircraft 1515: 1506: 1491: 1485: 1470: 1464: 1454: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1438:on July 13, 2013 1434:. Archived from 1424: 1418: 1403: 1394: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1318: 1288:Tactical bombing 1163:Soviet Air Force 1147:Hawker Sea Furys 919:Isoroku Yamamoto 862:Normandy Beaches 775:Bristol Beaufort 724:Bristol Hercules 720:Bristol Beaufort 709:Tommy Macpherson 656:Lord Beaverbrook 610:navigation from 583:shot down three 562:Hawker Hurricane 532:downed a German 503:Hawker Hurricane 480:Bristol Blenheim 355:Soviet Air Force 332:Second World War 138:Bristol Blenheim 59:fighter aircraft 21: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2470:Bomber aircraft 2465:Attack aircraft 2450: 2449: 2448: 2439: 2374: 2350:Maritime patrol 2323:Air superiority 2306: 2216: 2205: 2167: 2166:types and roles 2160: 2130: 2114: 2110: 2097:Korean War Aces 2094: 2090: 2078: 2074: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2034: 2033: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2008: 1996: 1992: 1980: 1976: 1964: 1960: 1944: 1940: 1923: 1919: 1912:retrieved from 1911: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1886: 1882: 1870: 1863: 1851: 1847: 1831: 1827: 1815: 1811: 1795: 1791: 1776:Deighton, Len. 1775: 1771: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1725: 1721: 1709: 1705: 1689: 1685: 1673: 1669: 1657: 1653: 1641: 1637: 1621: 1617: 1601: 1597: 1581: 1577: 1561: 1557: 1550: 1537: 1536: 1532: 1516: 1509: 1492: 1488: 1472:Buttler, Tony. 1471: 1467: 1455: 1451: 1441: 1439: 1426: 1425: 1421: 1404: 1397: 1381: 1377: 1370: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1342: 1340: 1326:Popular Science 1320: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1293:Attack aircraft 1274: 1230: 1172:Stafford Cripps 1102: 1094:Operation Torch 1057:, President of 1028:Kahili airfield 896:, Chief of the 894:Henry H. Arnold 890: 548:German cruiser 541:German cruiser 465: 434:Battle of Kursk 367: 334: 279: 277:First World War 205:Bristol Mercury 154:Bristol Mercury 148:, owner of the 146:Lord Rothermere 110:Longues-sur-Mer 98: 90:strike fighters 78:guided missiles 67:attack aircraft 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Fighter-bombers 15: 12: 11: 5: 2483: 2481: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2452: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2438: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2416: 2415: 2405: 2404: 2403: 2396:Reconnaissance 2393: 2388: 2382: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2372: 2370:Strike fighter 2367: 2365:Fighter-bomber 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2315: 2310: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2238: 2231: 2229: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2168: 2161: 2159: 2158: 2151: 2144: 2136: 2129: 2128: 2108: 2088: 2072: 2057: 2042: 2024: 2015: 2006: 1990: 1974: 1958: 1938: 1917: 1905: 1896: 1880: 1861: 1845: 1825: 1809: 1789: 1769: 1749: 1740: 1719: 1703: 1683: 1667: 1651: 1635: 1615: 1595: 1575: 1555: 1548: 1530: 1507: 1486: 1465: 1449: 1432:f4ucorsair.com 1419: 1395: 1375: 1368: 1350: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1303:Strike fighter 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1273: 1270: 1250:nuclear strike 1229: 1226: 1209:Gloster Meteor 1151:Hawker Tempest 1117:United Nations 1101: 1098: 889: 886: 845:Hawker Tempest 838:German Marines 749:sheltering in 639:Hawker Typhoon 624:Hermann Göring 608:dead reckoning 585:Dornier Do 17s 569:Western Desert 518:Blackburn Skua 464: 463:United Kingdom 461: 366: 363: 333: 330: 302:Trench Fighter 278: 275: 259:torpedo bomber 240:Blackburn Skua 220:Hawker Typhoon 209:heavy fighters 158:radial engines 97: 94: 82:aerial warfare 55:fighter-bomber 43:Republic P-47D 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2482: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2273:Medium bomber 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2165: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2126: 2125:1-85780-230-6 2122: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2105:1-85532-501-2 2102: 2098: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2076: 2073: 2068: 2061: 2058: 2053: 2046: 2043: 2038: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2003:1-57958-364-4 2000: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1987:1-874023-68-9 1984: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1971:1-85409-521-8 1968: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1955:0-85059-617-3 1952: 1948: 1945:Spick, Mike. 1942: 1939: 1935: 1934:0-345-31292-9 1931: 1927: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1842:0-7146-8257-8 1839: 1835: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1822:1-885119-44-5 1819: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1806:0-946627-19-3 1803: 1799: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1786:0-224-01826-4 1783: 1779: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1766:1-86126-736-3 1763: 1759: 1753: 1750: 1744: 1741: 1737: 1736:1-86126-736-3 1733: 1729: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1700:1-85532-498-9 1697: 1693: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1632:0-304-35676-X 1629: 1625: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1612:1-902109-40-6 1609: 1605: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1556: 1551: 1549:9780811706919 1545: 1541: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1527:1-86126-217-5 1524: 1520: 1517:Davis, Mick. 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1482:1-85780-179-2 1479: 1475: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1462:0-7607-0592-5 1459: 1453: 1450: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1420: 1416: 1415:0-85979-101-7 1412: 1408: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1392:0-85979-101-7 1389: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1371: 1369:9780850451634 1365: 1361: 1354: 1351: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1317: 1314: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1275: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1213: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1072: 1071:Packard-built 1069:powered by a 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1040:Fleet Air Arm 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1001: 997: 992: 988: 986: 982: 979: 975: 974:9th Air Force 971: 965: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 903: 899: 895: 888:United States 887: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 854: 850: 846: 841: 839: 835: 831: 830:Hitler Jugend 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 806: 800: 799: 793: 792: 786: 785: 776: 771: 767: 765: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 712: 710: 707: 703: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 678: 676: 672: 667: 665: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 640: 635: 633: 627: 625: 621: 617: 616:RAF Peterhead 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 592: 590: 586: 582: 581:No 1 Squadron 578: 574: 570: 565: 563: 559: 558:Hawker Henley 554: 552: 551: 545: 544: 537: 535: 534:Dornier Do 18 531: 530: 523: 519: 515: 512:In 1934, the 510: 508: 504: 500: 496: 495:Hawker Henley 491: 489: 485: 481: 474: 469: 462: 460: 458: 454: 450: 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 426:Eastern Front 423: 419: 415: 410: 408: 407:radial engine 405: 400: 396: 392: 388: 387:radial engine 383: 380: 376: 372: 364: 362: 360: 356: 352: 351:Ilyushin Il-2 343: 338: 331: 329: 327: 323: 318: 316: 311: 310:Sopwith Snipe 307: 303: 298: 296: 292: 288: 287:Sopwith Camel 284: 283:Western Front 276: 274: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 247: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 212: 210: 206: 202: 197: 193: 188: 184: 181: 177: 173: 170: 165: 163: 159: 155: 152:. It had two 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 111: 107: 102: 95: 93: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 70: 68: 64: 60: 56: 48: 44: 39: 33: 19: 2408:Surveillance 2386:Experimental 2364: 2268:Light bomber 2263:Heavy bomber 2116: 2111: 2096: 2091: 2075: 2066: 2060: 2051: 2045: 2036: 2018: 2009: 1993: 1977: 1961: 1946: 1941: 1925: 1920: 1908: 1899: 1883: 1848: 1833: 1828: 1812: 1797: 1792: 1777: 1772: 1757: 1752: 1743: 1727: 1722: 1706: 1691: 1686: 1670: 1654: 1638: 1623: 1618: 1603: 1598: 1583: 1578: 1563: 1558: 1539: 1533: 1518: 1494: 1489: 1473: 1468: 1452: 1440:. Retrieved 1436:the original 1431: 1422: 1406: 1383: 1378: 1359: 1353: 1341:. Retrieved 1332:. Dec 1942. 1329: 1325: 1316: 1283:Light bomber 1266:Sukhoi Su-34 1238:interceptors 1231: 1193: 1180:Josef Stalin 1160: 1141: 1125: 1103: 1048: 1005: 984: 980: 966: 927: 907:skip-bombing 891: 884:jet bomber. 882:Arado Ar 234 853:Napier Sabre 842: 825: 821: 817: 813: 804: 797: 790: 783: 779: 764:Black Friday 743:RAF Dallachy 740: 713: 698: 679: 668: 664:RP-3 rockets 660: 644:Napier Sabre 636: 628: 612:RAF Leuchars 600:was attacked 593: 577:RAF Tangmere 575:flying from 566: 555: 549: 542: 538: 528: 511: 492: 477: 442: 411: 384: 374: 368: 357:in time for 347: 319: 299: 291:Cooper bombs 280: 267:Boulton-Paul 248: 236:dive bombing 213: 166: 142:light bomber 140:, a typical 118:World War II 115: 71: 63:light bomber 54: 52: 2360:Interdictor 2328:Interceptor 2237:(AEW&C) 1622:Ray, John. 1405:Warner, G. 1382:Warner, G. 1278:Dive bomber 1262:Vietnam War 1246:day fighter 1234:jet engines 1112:South Korea 1106:North Korea 954:M2 Browning 925:intercept. 822:Deutschland 784:Deutschland 751:Førde Fjord 598:HQ in Oslo 369:During the 326:Aldis Sight 96:Development 2454:Categories 2379:Non-combat 2355:Multi-role 2288:Pathfinder 2283:Penetrator 2199:Helicopter 2189:Fixed-wing 1893:0813190126 1664:1905798067 1309:References 1100:Korean War 1078:Lend-lease 970:Saint-Omer 826:Cap Arcona 814:Cap Arcona 810:Lübeck Bay 791:Cap Arcona 543:Königsberg 440:advances. 430:Stalingrad 418:Canterbury 377:conducted 322:Orfordness 226:. Various 185:—a single 150:Daily Mail 108:Mk. IX in 2435:Transport 2333:Emergency 2278:Strategic 2204:Unmanned 1442:August 9, 1338:0161-7370 1049:When the 1016:U.S. Navy 940:observed 934:P-43/P-44 834:SS Guards 686:Avranches 529:Ark Royal 501:-winning 488:the Blitz 457:Eindhoven 422:the Blitz 399:Kurt Tank 375:Luftwaffe 315:Armistice 116:Prior to 2313:Intruder 1343:25 March 1272:See also 1256:and the 1228:Post-war 1109:attacked 1053:invited 1002:markings 892:General 818:Thielbek 805:Thielbek 787:and the 602:by four 438:Red Army 192:ordnance 2430:Trainer 2425:Testbed 2391:Liaison 2318:Fighter 2295:Carrier 2251:Gunship 2212:Stealth 2184:Balloon 2179:Airship 2162:Modern 1135:of the 915:OB West 596:Gestapo 404:BMW 801 365:Germany 261:), and 228:bombing 172:fighter 74:rockets 2420:Tanker 2338:Escort 2258:Bomber 2241:Attack 2228:Combat 2194:Glider 2123: 2103: 2083: 2001: 1985: 1969: 1953: 1932: 1891: 1875: 1856: 1840: 1820: 1804: 1784: 1764: 1734: 1714: 1698: 1678: 1662: 1646: 1630: 1610: 1590: 1570: 1546: 1525: 1501: 1480: 1460: 1413: 1390: 1366: 1336: 1153:had a 985:Spada) 373:, the 253:, the 134:Engine 122:engine 2413:Scout 2401:Scout 2343:Night 2221:Roles 2206:(UAV) 2172:Types 1126:USAF 1121:Pusan 1090:USAAF 1082:USAAC 1022:from 998:with 923:Ultra 866:D-Day 798:Athen 736:USAAF 579:with 453:Ultra 180:USAAF 80:into 57:is a 2307:(EW) 2121:ISBN 2101:ISBN 2081:ISBN 1999:ISBN 1983:ISBN 1967:ISBN 1951:ISBN 1930:ISBN 1889:ISBN 1873:ISBN 1854:ISBN 1838:ISBN 1818:ISBN 1802:ISBN 1782:ISBN 1762:ISBN 1732:ISBN 1712:ISBN 1696:ISBN 1676:ISBN 1660:ISBN 1644:ISBN 1628:ISBN 1608:ISBN 1588:ISBN 1568:ISBN 1544:ISBN 1523:ISBN 1499:ISBN 1478:ISBN 1458:ISBN 1444:2013 1411:ISBN 1388:ISBN 1364:ISBN 1345:2011 1334:ISSN 1219:The 1174:the 1145:and 1042:and 1006:The 1000:USMC 928:The 849:NACA 843:The 836:and 812:The 801:and 773:The 714:The 675:Caen 637:The 550:Köln 527:HMS 493:The 482:and 478:The 471:The 414:Kent 242:and 222:and 124:and 76:and 41:The 1330:141 913:'s 864:on 803:SS 796:SS 789:SS 782:SS 646:or 156:XV 88:or 65:or 2456:: 2027:^ 1864:^ 1510:^ 1430:. 1398:^ 1328:. 1324:. 1268:. 1038:, 994:A 981:38 964:. 832:, 766:. 738:. 654:, 317:. 246:. 218:, 211:. 104:A 92:. 53:A 2155:e 2148:t 2141:v 1936:. 1738:. 1552:. 1505:. 1484:. 1446:. 1417:. 1372:. 1347:. 34:. 20:)

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