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113:. Some researchers have proposed that fidgeting is not only an indicator of diminishing attention, but is also a subconscious attempt to increase arousal in order to improve attention. While inattention is strongly associated with poor learning and poor information recall, research by Dr. Karen Pine and colleagues found that children that are allowed to fidget with their hands performed better in memory and learning tests. A 2014 study also found that children with ADHD performed better on
109:(NIMI). Some education researchers consider fidgeting, along with noise-making, as clear signs of inattention or low lecture quality, although educators point out that active engagement can take place without constantly directing attention to the instructor (i.e., engagement and attention are related but not equivalent). Fidgeting is often a subconscious act and is increased during spontaneous
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are another common focus of fidgeting; variations include ring spinning, twirling or rolling along a table. Classrooms are sites of fidgeting, and traditionally teachers and students have viewed fidgeting as a sign of diminished attention. Toys have been invented to help with fidgeting. These
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is the act of moving about restlessly in a way that is not (socially recognized as) essential to ongoing tasks or events. Fidgeting may involve playing with one's fingers, hair, or personal objects (e.g. glasses, pens or items of clothing). In this sense, it may be considered
128:(NEAT). It has been reported that while individuals vary in how much they fidget, the act of fidgeting burns on average about 350 extra calories per day, which could add up to about 10 to 30 pounds (4–13 kg) a year.
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Fidgeting is considered a nervous habit, though it does have some underlying benefits. People who fidget regularly tend to weigh less than people who do not fidget because they burn more
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Risko, Evan F.; Anderson, Nicola; Sarwal, Amara; Engelhardt, Megan; Kingstone, Alan (2012-03-01). "Everyday
Attention: Variation in Mind Wandering and Memory in a Lecture".
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Carriere, Jonathan S. A.; Seli, Paul; Smilek, Daniel (2013). "Wandering in both mind and body: Individual differences in mind wandering and inattention predict fidgeting".
706:"A trial-by-trial analysis reveals more intense physical activity is associated with better cognitive control performance in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder"
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Seli, Paul; Carriere, Jonathan S. A.; Thomson, David R.; Cheyne, James Allan; Martens, Kaylena A. Ehgoetz; Smilek, Daniel (2014). "Restless mind, restless body".
54:. Fidgeting is commonly used as a label for unexplained or subconscious activities and postural movements that people perform while seated or standing idle.
452:"Non-Instrumental Movement Inhibition (NIMI) Differentially Suppresses Head and Thigh Movements during Screenic Engagement: Dependence on Interaction"
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Fidgeting may be a result of genetics and some are born with a propensity to be fidgety. Fidgeting can also be a medical sign, as seen in
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when they are engaged in "more intense physical activity", although no such correlation was seen in children without ADHD.
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135:. Hyperthyroid patients may be restless, become agitated easily, display fine tremors, and have trouble concentrating.
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Mehrabian, Albert; Friedman, Shan L (1986-06-01). "An analysis of fidgeting and associated individual differences".
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Witchel, Harry J.; Santos, Carlos P.; Ackah, James K.; Westling, Carina E. I.; Chockalingam, Nachiappan (2016).
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157:, fidget sticks (kururin), and fidget pens. These "fidget toys" are typically intended to help students with
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Gligorić, N.; Uzelac, A.; Krco, S. (March 2012). "Smart
Classroom: Real-time feedback on lecture quality".
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Levine, James A. (2004-05-01). "Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): environment and biology".
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focus better, and come with a variety of buttons and switches that can be played with by the user.
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When interested in a task, a seated person will suppress their fidgeting, a process described as
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than those who remain still. The energy expenditure associated with fidgeting is called
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834:"Spontaneous physical activity: relationship between fidgeting and body weight control"
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Hartanto, T. A.; Krafft, C. E.; Iosif, A. M.; Schweitzer, J. B. (2016-07-03).
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Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
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809:"Fidgeting Helps Separate the Lean From the Obese, Study Finds"
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There are several devices that aim to aid fidgeting, including
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A common act of fidgeting is to bounce one's leg repeatedly.
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American
Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Shaking a pen while thinking is a common way of fidgeting.
353:"Restlessness: The Anatomy of a Neuropsychiatric Symptom"
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Current
Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity
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Farley, James; Risko, Evan; Kingstone, Alan (2013).
923:Harris, Philip E.; Bouloux, Pierre-Marc G. (2014).
357:Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
881:"Genetic analysis of physical activity in twins"
680:"UK | Education | Fidgeting children 'learn more
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832:Johannsen, Darcy L; Ravussin, Eric (2008).
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929:(2nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 259.
351:Sachdev, Perminder; Kruk, Jane (1996).
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1051:Symptoms and signs of mental disorders
885:American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
247:. Pediatrics.about.com. Archived from
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978:"Fidgeting — It's Not Just for Kids"
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245:"Bad Habits and Fidgeting At School"
107:Non-Instrumental Movement Inhibition
126:non-exercise activity thermogenesis
926:Endocrinology in Clinical Practice
270:"Finger Tapping example animation"
223:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00402.x
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950:Jonathan Jamieson (2017-01-24).
1018:Dormehl, Luke (8 March 2017).
406:Galton, Francis (1885-06-25).
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102:, or a combination of these.
78:Fidgeting may be a result of
850:10.1097/med.0b013e32830b10bb
519:10.1109/percomw.2012.6197517
285:Applied Cognitive Psychology
30:while on a phone call (2012)
16:Type of involuntary movement
999:"What Makes a Good Fidget?"
322:. Chicago, IL: Open Court.
320:The psychology of attention
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976:Hallowell, Edward (2016).
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807:Stein, Rob (2005-01-28).
369:10.3109/00048679609076071
639:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00619
469:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00157
318:Ribot, Théodule (1890).
626:Frontiers in Psychology
456:Frontiers in Psychology
408:"The Measure of Fidget"
898:10.1093/ajcn/82.6.1253
686:. BBC News. 2005-04-12
211:Journal of Personality
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710:Child Neuropsychology
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997:Marner, Kay (2011).
513:. pp. 391–394.
115:some cognitive tasks
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74:Causes and effects
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139:Fidget toys
84:frustration
80:nervousness
64:fidget toys
1040:Categories
962:2018-08-20
818:2009-10-02
690:2009-10-02
255:2009-10-02
196:References
185:Stereotypy
145:Fidget toy
100:excitement
952:"Kururin"
786:0193-1849
730:0929-7049
648:1664-1078
478:1664-1078
377:0004-8674
338:707693480
305:1099-0720
231:1467-6494
88:agitation
48:twiddling
43:Fidgeting
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190:Stimming
180:Proteans
169:See also
122:calories
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163:ADHD
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