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The shorter length made playing the ball with the "backhand" (playing with the head of the stick to the player's left, with the head rotated 180 degrees from its usual position) much easier, increasing the speed with which this tactic, often used for evasive manoeuvres, could be used. It also makes trapping the ball by placing the entire stick on the ground, with the point of the head resting on the ground to the player's left, possible, and this stopping technique is now universal for trapping the ball at penalty corners. The sticks have also tended to become stiffer as to hit the ball harder.
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385:, so allowing smooth and predictable motion. By 1874 they had begun to draw up rules for their game, including banning the raising of the stick above shoulder height and stipulating that a shot at goal must take place within the circle in front of it. An association was formed in 1875, which dissolved after seven years, but in 1886 the Hockey Association was formed by seven London clubs and representatives from
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The goalkeeper equipment has followed the same trend, becoming more and more able to resist to strength of the balls hit by these new generation sticks. Helmets have become compulsory, padding is thicker and of more shock-absorbing (and reflecting) foam material and more areas of the body are padded.
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They rejected a form of the game that involved a 7 oz (200 g) rubber cube, catching, marking and scrimmaging, based on rugby football, at the time favoured by the
Blackheath club. The Teddington club chose to limit the number per side to eleven, and preferred to play with old cricket balls.
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Regarding the evolution of the hockey player material, the sticks have changed shape, with the bent head at the bottom, which used to be about 15 centimetres long, becoming much stubbier. The extra length was no longer necessary, as the ball travelled much straighter on the flatter synthetic fields.
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in 1894, and though rebuffed by the Hockey
Association, women's hockey grew rapidly around the world. This led to the formation of the International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations (IFWHA) in 1927, though this did not include initially many continental European countries where women played
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By the early 1970s there were 22 associations with women's sections in the FIH and 36 associations in the IFWHA. Discussions were started about a common rule book. The FIH introduced competitive tournaments in 1974, forcing the acceptance of the principle of competitive hockey by the IFWHA in 1973.
258:. Drawings of what looks to be hockey have been found in an Egyptian tomb that was 4000 years old. Hockey is a popular game in India and Pakistan. It was played for hundreds of years before other countries like England modernised it. Hockey is similar to an ancient game played in Scotland called
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Synthetic pitches are now mandatory for all international tournaments and most national competitions. While hockey is still played on grass fields at some local levels and lesser national divisions, it has been replaced by synthetic turf almost everywhere in the western world.
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have improved padding. Many players have taken to wearing padded gloves, particularly on their left hand, both to protect against contact and allow them to scrape that hand (while holding the stick) across the synthetic turf without injury. Finally, the wearing of
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as sections of men's associations and were affiliated to the FIH. The IFWHA held conferences every three years, and the tournaments associated with these were the primary IFWHA competitions. These tournaments were non-competitive until 1975.
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Ancillary player equipment has also changed. The studded boots for grass fields are banned (and were in any case very uncomfortable) on synthetics, and have been replaced with boots specifically designed for synthetic turf.
354:. Hockey's popularity increased with that of other team games. A version of the game played in south-east London was rougher than the modern version, played on a very large field (247m by 64m), and used a cube of black
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Women's hockey developed separately from men's hockey. Women do not seem to have played hockey widely before the modern era. Women's hockey was first played at
British Universities and schools, and the first club,
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tournament had commenced within ten years. Entering the
Olympic Games in 1928, India won all five of its games without conceding a goal, and went on to win in 1932 until 1956, and then in 1964 and 1980.
389:. Blackheath were one of the founder members, but refused to accept the rules drawn up by the other clubs and left to found the National Hockey Union. The Union failed, but the Association grew rapidly.
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ball. These plastic balls are cheaper, more durable, more consistent in their behaviour, and are unaffected by water; a key requirement in water-moderated synthetic fields used in elite-level hockey.
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core have been produced but are now prohibited due to the danger they pose when broken. Wooden sticks are less and less common, and players are now playing with sticks entirely made of synthetic
377:, were looking for a winter activity. They experimented with a 'stick' game, based loosely on the rules of association football. Teddington played the game on the smooth outfield of their
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The new equipment is very expensive and is often a considerable burden for clubs or individual goalkeepers to purchase. The composition of the hockey ball has also changed, from a
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They also introduced the idea of the striking circle ('the dee' or 'D'), and they played several games in Bushy Park, in the winter of 1871. Clubs were also set up in
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until the 1970s. Men's hockey united under the FIH in 1970, when the Hockey
Association joined and the International Rules Board became part of the FIH's structure.
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The introduction of artificial surfaces has changed the game. To take into account the specificities of this surface, new tactics and new techniques (such as the
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in 1874, and inter-club matches were played between them and
Teddington. The game grew sporadically, as the clubs did not always agree on the rules!
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On the common some young men were playing at hockey. That old-fashioned game, now very uncommon in
England, except at schools...
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It took until 1982 for the two bodies to merge, but this allowed the introduction of women's hockey to the
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0). The
International Rules Board was founded in 1895, and hockey first appeared at the
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The first step towards an international structuring occurred in 1909, when
England and
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and rough planed sticks. The modern game was developed on the other side of London by
262:. Hockey is often played at schools in the UK but its origins are unclear. Later came
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agreed to recognize each other for international competitions, soon joined in by the
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were first applied to the traditional wood core in the early 1970s. Sticks with an
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Ladies Hockey Club, was founded in 1887. The first national association was the
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Limitation of the bow of sticks to limit the increasing use and power of
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To adapt the game to the new synthetic fields introduced in the 1980s.
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The rules of the game have widely changed. The main issues have been
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to protect the teeth is now compulsory for safety in many countries.
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rules to minimize its importance in the game and its readability.
436:. Men's hockey became a permanent fixture at the Olympics at the
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by
British servicemen, and the first clubs formed there in
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in the 16th century described a hockey-like game of the
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Games similar to hockey outside the Mediterranean World
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Field hockey pitch § Artificial playing surface
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330:, there is a traditional hockey-like game known as
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694:To enhance comprehension from non-players to gain
748:"A Chinese Hinterland, Fertile With Field Hockey"
334:, roughly translating to "ball and blunt stick".
254:is a popular game possibly depicted on walls in
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404:In the late 19th century, largely due to the
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342:A game called hockey was played in English
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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326:, a town near where it was played.) In
808:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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548:Intervarsity Ladies Hockey Team, 1919
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829:- Field Hockey Stick History
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923:Terminology
726:drag flicks
677:mouthguards
672:Shin guards
503:Switzerland
381:and used a
348:Lord Lytton
284:Daur people
103:if you can.
1217:Categories
1197:Water polo
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