1078:). Fields are organized both vertically and horizontally. This means that fields are not strictly analogous to classes, and are often autonomous, independent spaces of social play. The field of power is peculiar in that it exists "horizontally" through all of the fields and the struggles within it control the "exchange rate" of the forms of cultural, symbolic, or physical capital between the fields themselves. A field is constituted by the relational differences in position of social agents, and the boundaries of a field are demarcated by where its effects end. Different fields can be either autonomous or interrelated (for example, consider the separation of power between judiciary and legislature). More complex societies have more fields and more relations between fields.
43:
1039:: any historical, non-homogeneous social-spatial arena in which people maneuver and struggle in pursuit of desirable resources. Much of Bourdieu's work observes the semi-independent role of educational and cultural resources in the expression of agency. This makes his work amenable to liberal-conservative scholarship positing the fundamental cleavages of society as amongst disorderly factions of the working class, in need of disciplinary intervention where they have assumed excessive
1351:
839:
1115:
underlying one field is often irreducible to those underlying another, as in the noted disparity between the nomos of the aesthetic field that values cultural capital and in some sense discourages economic capital, and that of the economic field which values economic capital. Agents subscribe to a
1081:
According to these rules, activity develops in the field, which works like a market in which actors compete for the specific benefits associated to it. This competition defines the objective relationships between participants through factors like the volume of capital they contribute, their
940:
who instead aim to alter the field so they can successfully compete with the incumbents. Dramatic change in previously stable fields can come from either successful insurgents or intrusion from other fields, or from government-imposed rule change.
1082:
trajectories within the field or their ability to adjust to the rules inherent to the field. The extent to which participants are able to make an effective use of the resources they are endowed with is a function of the adaptation of their
963:
to untenably low levels. Fields thus need to be stabilized with rules which make sure that competition takes non-destructive forms. Stable fields rarely emerge on their own, but must be constructed by skilled
1093:, as well as a byproduct of the field which doesn't exist outside of it. Different species of capital perform in different fields, which in turn are defined by the power balances exerted by the capital.
1035:
Instead of confining his analysis of social relations and change to voluntaristic agency or strictly in terms of the structural concept of class, Bourdieu uses the agency-structure bridging concept of
936:, are generally invested in maintaining the field in its current form, as changes to the rules of competition risk destabilizing their dominant position. Fields may also feature
1047:
identification of economic command as a principal component of power and agency within capitalist society, in contrast to some of his followers or the influential sociologist
422:
1089:
The operative capital in each field is the set of resources which can be used to obtain an advantage within it. Therefore, capital is a factor of the field
1177:
Marquis, Christopher; Tilcsik, András (2016-10-01). "Institutional
Equivalence: How Industry and Community Peers Influence Corporate Philanthropy".
959:
Unstable fields are defined by rapid change and frequently by destructive forms of competition, such as pure competition over prices that drives
447:
1043:. Unsurprisingly given his historical and biographical location, however, Bourdieu was in practice both influenced by and sympathetic to the
1004:
are located. The position of each particular agent in the field is a result of interaction between the specific rules of the field, agent's
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466:
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1086:
in this specific field. The habitus is the subjective system of expectations and predispositions acquired through past experience.
948:. The acknowledgement of the stakes of the field and the acquiring of interests and investments prescribed by the field is termed
1123:
This acknowledgement of the stakes of the field and the acquiring of interests and investments prescribed by the field is termed
1074:
of certain species of capital — capital being whatever is taken as significant for social agents (the most obvious example being
257:
1111:
for example, or male and female), or organizing "laws" of experience that govern practices and experiences within a field. The
1070:(such as the power differential between judges and lawyers). More specifically, a field is a social arena of struggle over the
944:
In general, different field positions create different incentives. Field position is experienced by individuals in the form of
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Insiders, Outsiders and the
Struggle for Consecration in Cultural Fields: A Core-Periphery Perspective
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1120:, but by their practical acknowledgement of the stakes, implicit in the very "playing of the game."
42:
1059:
In
Bourdieu's work, a field is a system of social positions (for example, a profession such as the
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Bourdieu, Pierre. 2003. "Acts of
Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market"
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1107:, fundamental principles of "vision and division" (the division between
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992:) is one of the core concepts used by French social scientist
901:, and how they are affected by such fields. Social fields are
1334:
Bourdieu's Theory of Social Fields: Concepts and
Applications
1307:—— 2003. "Firing Back: Against the Tyranny of the Market 2"
932:
can occupy. The dominant players in the field, called the
1221:
Cattani, Gino, Simone
Ferriani, and Paul Allison. 2014. "
1310:
Bourdieu, Pierre et al. 2000. "The weight of the world."
1286:
Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste
1339:
1258:. 2001. "Social Skill and the Theory of Fields."
996:. In his formulation, a field is a setting in which
1271:Martin, John Levi. 2003. "What is Field Theory?"
972:frequently plays a role in this process as well.
1304:—— 2005. "The social structures of the economy"
1251:
1249:
1247:
1101:Fields are constructed according to underlying
1024:: most are subordinate to the larger field of
863:
8:
1020:). Fields interact with each other, and are
870:
856:
41:
25:
1198:
1116:particular field not by way of explicit
928:Fields feature different positions that
1346:
1166:
33:
1332:Hilgers, Mathieu, Mangez Eric (2014).
975:
7:
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1170:
1063:) structured internally in terms of
14:
1349:
1327:The Field of Cultural Production
976:Bourdieu's formulation of fields
909:between individuals and between
837:
423:Peace, war, and social conflict
1329:. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
1:
1273:American Journal of Sociology
1227:American Sociological Review
1388:
94:Human environmental impact
18:
1325:Bourdieu, Pierre (1993).
1284:Bourdieu, Pierre (1984).
1156:Focal point (game theory)
1239:Archived via Google Docs
1235:10.1177/0003122414520960
188:Structural functionalism
208:Symbolic interactionism
103:Industrial revolutions
1191:10.1287/orsc.2016.1083
989:
198:Social constructionism
1372:Sociological theories
1008:and agent's capital (
913:takes place, such as
573:Conversation analysis
148:Social stratification
1336:. London: Routledge.
1288:. London: Routledge.
1179:Organization Science
1151:Knowledge management
919:academic disciplines
19:For other uses, see
1260:Sociological Theory
158:Social cycle theory
29:Part of a series on
844:Society portal
467:History of science
448:Race and ethnicity
128:Social environment
880:
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598:Social experiment
478:Social psychology
123:Social complexity
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1185:(5): 1325–1341.
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1002:social positions
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593:Network analysis
483:Sociocybernetics
473:Social movements
203:Social darwinism
153:Social structure
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16:A sociology term
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133:Social equality
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961:profit margins
923:musical genres
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809:Organizations
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563:Computational
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258:Consciousness
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138:Social equity
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84:Globalization
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1320:Bibliography
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1259:
1226:
1217:
1182:
1178:
1141:Sexual field
1128:
1124:
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1112:
1102:
1100:
1097:Construction
1088:
1083:
1080:
1058:
1036:
1034:
1022:hierarchical
981:
979:
958:
953:
949:
943:
937:
933:
927:
903:environments
898:
895:
888:field theory
887:
881:
794:Bibliography
708:
636:
635:
622:
588:Mathematical
568:Ethnographic
548:Quantitative
233:Architecture
171:Perspectives
143:Social power
21:Field theory
1262:, vol. 19:2
1032:relations.
907:competition
892:individuals
799:Terminology
768:Baudrillard
644:Tocqueville
558:Comparative
553:Qualitative
523:Victimology
353:Immigration
338:Generations
253:Criminology
1200:1813/44734
1162:References
1000:and their
970:government
946:motivation
938:insurgents
934:incumbents
894:construct
824:By country
578:Historical
503:Technology
443:Punishment
428:Philosophy
403:Mathematic
393:Literature
358:Industrial
348:Historical
273:Demography
193:Positivism
118:Popularity
73:Key themes
1209:1047-7039
1049:Max Weber
1041:privilege
905:in which
884:sociology
640:Martineau
583:Interview
508:Terrorism
488:Sociology
433:Political
373:Knowledge
293:Education
35:Sociology
1366:Category
1135:See also
1118:contract
1091:dynamics
1018:cultural
1014:economic
819:Timeline
804:Journals
772:Bourdieu
764:Habermas
760:Luhmann
756:Foucault
700:Mannheim
680:Durkheim
453:Religion
413:Military
378:Language
363:Internet
318:Feminist
302:Jealousy
288:Economic
283:Disaster
278:Deviance
221:Branches
99:Identity
1356:Society
1129:illusio
1084:habitus
1045:Marxist
1006:habitus
954:illusio
925:, etc.
915:markets
776:Giddens
774:·
770:·
762:·
750:·
748:Goffman
744:Schoeck
730:·
722:·
698:·
696:Du Bois
694:·
686:·
682:·
674:·
668:Tönnies
666:·
652:Spencer
650:·
628:·
541:Methods
518:Utopian
463:Science
408:Medical
398:Marxist
388:Leisure
298:Emotion
263:Culture
79:Society
58:Outline
53:History
1342:Portal
1207:
1010:social
998:agents
986:French
968:. The
911:groups
899:fields
896:social
814:People
752:Bauman
732:Nisbet
728:Merton
720:Gehlen
716:Adorno
709:1900s:
684:Addams
676:Simmel
672:Veblen
664:Pareto
656:Le Bon
637:1800s:
630:Sieyès
623:1700s:
603:Survey
528:Visual
438:Public
343:Health
333:Gender
323:Fiscal
313:Family
1127:, or
1113:nomos
1104:nomos
1065:power
1037:field
1030:class
1026:power
990:champ
982:field
952:, or
787:Lists
736:Mills
712:Fromm
704:Elias
692:Weber
626:Comte
513:Urban
498:Sport
493:Space
458:Rural
418:Music
368:Jewry
268:Death
228:Aging
63:Index
1297:See:
1205:ISSN
1028:and
1016:and
980:The
740:Bell
724:Aron
688:Mead
660:Ward
648:Marx
328:Food
248:Body
1231:doi
1225:."
1195:hdl
1187:doi
1061:law
882:In
383:Law
238:Art
1368::
1246:^
1237:.
1203:.
1193:.
1183:27
1181:.
1169:^
1131:.
1051:.
1012:,
988::
956:.
921:,
917:,
886:,
766:·
746:·
742:·
738:·
734:·
726:·
718:·
702:·
690:·
678:·
670:·
662:·
658:·
654:·
642:·
111:/
107:/
1344::
1275:.
1241:.
1233::
1211:.
1197::
1189::
984:(
871:e
864:t
857:v
469:)
465:(
304:)
300:(
113:5
109:4
105:3
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
