1089:). Fields are organized both vertically and horizontally. This means that fields are not strictly analogous to classes, and are often autonomous, independent spaces of social play. The field of power is peculiar in that it exists "horizontally" through all of the fields and the struggles within it control the "exchange rate" of the forms of cultural, symbolic, or physical capital between the fields themselves. A field is constituted by the relational differences in position of social agents, and the boundaries of a field are demarcated by where its effects end. Different fields can be either autonomous or interrelated (for example, consider the separation of power between judiciary and legislature). More complex societies have more fields and more relations between fields.
54:
1050:: any historical, non-homogeneous social-spatial arena in which people maneuver and struggle in pursuit of desirable resources. Much of Bourdieu's work observes the semi-independent role of educational and cultural resources in the expression of agency. This makes his work amenable to liberal-conservative scholarship positing the fundamental cleavages of society as amongst disorderly factions of the working class, in need of disciplinary intervention where they have assumed excessive
1362:
850:
1126:
underlying one field is often irreducible to those underlying another, as in the noted disparity between the nomos of the aesthetic field that values cultural capital and in some sense discourages economic capital, and that of the economic field which values economic capital. Agents subscribe to a
1092:
According to these rules, activity develops in the field, which works like a market in which actors compete for the specific benefits associated to it. This competition defines the objective relationships between participants through factors like the volume of capital they contribute, their
951:
who instead aim to alter the field so they can successfully compete with the incumbents. Dramatic change in previously stable fields can come from either successful insurgents or intrusion from other fields, or from government-imposed rule change.
1093:
trajectories within the field or their ability to adjust to the rules inherent to the field. The extent to which participants are able to make an effective use of the resources they are endowed with is a function of the adaptation of their
974:
to untenably low levels. Fields thus need to be stabilized with rules which make sure that competition takes non-destructive forms. Stable fields rarely emerge on their own, but must be constructed by skilled
1104:, as well as a byproduct of the field which doesn't exist outside of it. Different species of capital perform in different fields, which in turn are defined by the power balances exerted by the capital.
1046:
Instead of confining his analysis of social relations and change to voluntaristic agency or strictly in terms of the structural concept of class, Bourdieu uses the agency-structure bridging concept of
947:, are generally invested in maintaining the field in its current form, as changes to the rules of competition risk destabilizing their dominant position. Fields may also feature
1058:
identification of economic command as a principal component of power and agency within capitalist society, in contrast to some of his followers or the influential sociologist
433:
1100:
The operative capital in each field is the set of resources which can be used to obtain an advantage within it. Therefore, capital is a factor of the field
1188:
Marquis, Christopher; Tilcsik, András (2016-10-01). "Institutional
Equivalence: How Industry and Community Peers Influence Corporate Philanthropy".
970:
Unstable fields are defined by rapid change and frequently by destructive forms of competition, such as pure competition over prices that drives
458:
1054:. Unsurprisingly given his historical and biographical location, however, Bourdieu was in practice both influenced by and sympathetic to the
1015:
are located. The position of each particular agent in the field is a result of interaction between the specific rules of the field, agent's
880:
477:
819:
809:
513:
473:
1097:
in this specific field. The habitus is the subjective system of expectations and predispositions acquired through past experience.
959:. The acknowledgement of the stakes of the field and the acquiring of interests and investments prescribed by the field is termed
1134:
This acknowledgement of the stakes of the field and the acquiring of interests and investments prescribed by the field is termed
1085:
of certain species of capital — capital being whatever is taken as significant for social agents (the most obvious example being
268:
1122:
for example, or male and female), or organizing "laws" of experience that govern practices and experiences within a field. The
1081:(such as the power differential between judges and lawyers). More specifically, a field is a social arena of struggle over the
955:
In general, different field positions create different incentives. Field position is experienced by individuals in the form of
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388:
348:
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258:
231:
158:
1234:
Insiders, Outsiders and the
Struggle for Consecration in Cultural Fields: A Core-Periphery Perspective
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398:
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288:
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68:
63:
1131:, but by their practical acknowledgement of the stakes, implicit in the very "playing of the game."
53:
1070:
In
Bourdieu's work, a field is a system of social positions (for example, a profession such as the
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17:
1312:
Bourdieu, Pierre. 2003. "Acts of
Resistance: Against the Tyranny of the Market"
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203:
128:
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894:
702:
658:
45:
1201:
1118:, fundamental principles of "vision and division" (the division between
89:
1210:
1055:
1003:) is one of the core concepts used by French social scientist
912:, and how they are affected by such fields. Social fields are
1345:
Bourdieu's Theory of Social Fields: Concepts and
Applications
1318:—— 2003. "Firing Back: Against the Tyranny of the Market 2"
943:
can occupy. The dominant players in the field, called the
1232:
Cattani, Gino, Simone
Ferriani, and Paul Allison. 2014. "
1321:
Bourdieu, Pierre et al. 2000. "The weight of the world."
1297:
Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste
1350:
1269:. 2001. "Social Skill and the Theory of Fields."
1007:. In his formulation, a field is a setting in which
1282:Martin, John Levi. 2003. "What is Field Theory?"
983:frequently plays a role in this process as well.
1315:—— 2005. "The social structures of the economy"
1262:
1260:
1258:
1112:Fields are constructed according to underlying
1035:: most are subordinate to the larger field of
874:
8:
1031:). Fields interact with each other, and are
881:
867:
52:
36:
1209:
1127:particular field not by way of explicit
939:Fields feature different positions that
1357:
1177:
44:
1343:Hilgers, Mathieu, Mangez Eric (2014).
986:
7:
1183:
1181:
1074:) structured internally in terms of
25:
1360:
1338:The Field of Cultural Production
987:Bourdieu's formulation of fields
920:between individuals and between
848:
434:Peace, war, and social conflict
1340:. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
1:
1284:American Journal of Sociology
1238:American Sociological Review
1399:
105:Human environmental impact
29:
1336:Bourdieu, Pierre (1993).
1295:Bourdieu, Pierre (1984).
1167:Focal point (game theory)
1250:Archived via Google Docs
1246:10.1177/0003122414520960
199:Structural functionalism
219:Symbolic interactionism
114:Industrial revolutions
1202:10.1287/orsc.2016.1083
1000:
209:Social constructionism
1383:Sociological theories
1019:and agent's capital (
924:takes place, such as
584:Conversation analysis
159:Social stratification
1347:. London: Routledge.
1299:. London: Routledge.
1190:Organization Science
1162:Knowledge management
930:academic disciplines
30:For other uses, see
1271:Sociological Theory
169:Social cycle theory
40:Part of a series on
855:Society portal
478:History of science
459:Race and ethnicity
139:Social environment
891:
890:
609:Social experiment
489:Social psychology
134:Social complexity
16:(Redirected from
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1196:(5): 1325–1341.
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1087:monetary capital
1013:social positions
883:
876:
869:
853:
852:
604:Network analysis
494:Sociocybernetics
484:Social movements
214:Social darwinism
164:Social structure
56:
37:
27:A sociology term
21:
18:Field (Bourdieu)
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1267:Fligstein, Neil
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1157:Tacit knowledge
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1136:social illusion
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1005:Pierre Bourdieu
989:
961:social illusion
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717:
643:
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627:Major theorists
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194:Critical theory
189:Conflict theory
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144:Social equality
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35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1240:78(3):417–47.
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972:profit margins
934:musical genres
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254:Astrosociology
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100:Human behavior
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1120:mind and body
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1116:
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1083:appropriation
1080:
1079:relationships
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1066:Social system
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977:entrepreneurs
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942:
941:social actors
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904:
901:examines how
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820:Organizations
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769: ·
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574:Computational
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319:Environmental
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302:
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269:Consciousness
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149:Social equity
147:
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137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
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117:
113:
111:
108:
106:
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101:
98:
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95:Globalization
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81:
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65:
62:
61:
60:
59:
55:
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43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1344:
1337:
1331:Bibliography
1304:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1278:
1270:
1237:
1228:
1193:
1189:
1152:Sexual field
1139:
1135:
1133:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1108:Construction
1099:
1094:
1091:
1069:
1047:
1045:
1033:hierarchical
992:
990:
969:
964:
960:
954:
948:
944:
938:
914:environments
909:
906:
899:field theory
898:
892:
805:Bibliography
719:
647:
646:
633:
599:Mathematical
579:Ethnographic
559:Quantitative
244:Architecture
182:Perspectives
154:Social power
32:Field theory
1273:, vol. 19:2
1043:relations.
918:competition
903:individuals
810:Terminology
779:Baudrillard
655:Tocqueville
569:Comparative
564:Qualitative
534:Victimology
364:Immigration
349:Generations
264:Criminology
1211:1813/44734
1173:References
1011:and their
981:government
957:motivation
949:insurgents
945:incumbents
905:construct
835:By country
589:Historical
514:Technology
454:Punishment
439:Philosophy
414:Mathematic
404:Literature
369:Industrial
359:Historical
284:Demography
204:Positivism
129:Popularity
84:Key themes
1220:1047-7039
1060:Max Weber
1052:privilege
916:in which
895:sociology
651:Martineau
594:Interview
519:Terrorism
499:Sociology
444:Political
384:Knowledge
304:Education
46:Sociology
1377:Category
1146:See also
1129:contract
1102:dynamics
1029:cultural
1025:economic
830:Timeline
815:Journals
783:Bourdieu
775:Habermas
771:Luhmann
767:Foucault
711:Mannheim
691:Durkheim
464:Religion
424:Military
389:Language
374:Internet
329:Feminist
313:Jealousy
299:Economic
294:Disaster
289:Deviance
232:Branches
110:Identity
1367:Society
1140:illusio
1095:habitus
1056:Marxist
1017:habitus
965:illusio
936:, etc.
926:markets
787:Giddens
785:·
781:·
773:·
761:·
759:Goffman
755:Schoeck
741:·
733:·
709:·
707:Du Bois
705:·
697:·
693:·
685:·
679:Tönnies
677:·
663:Spencer
661:·
639:·
552:Methods
529:Utopian
474:Science
419:Medical
409:Marxist
399:Leisure
309:Emotion
274:Culture
90:Society
69:Outline
64:History
1353:Portal
1218:
1021:social
1009:agents
997:French
979:. The
922:groups
910:fields
907:social
825:People
763:Bauman
743:Nisbet
739:Merton
731:Gehlen
727:Adorno
720:1900s:
695:Addams
687:Simmel
683:Veblen
675:Pareto
667:Le Bon
648:1800s:
641:Sieyès
634:1700s:
614:Survey
539:Visual
449:Public
354:Health
344:Gender
334:Fiscal
324:Family
1138:, or
1124:nomos
1115:nomos
1076:power
1048:field
1041:class
1037:power
1001:champ
993:field
963:, or
798:Lists
747:Mills
723:Fromm
715:Elias
703:Weber
637:Comte
524:Urban
509:Sport
504:Space
469:Rural
429:Music
379:Jewry
279:Death
239:Aging
74:Index
1308:See:
1216:ISSN
1039:and
1027:and
991:The
751:Bell
735:Aron
699:Mead
671:Ward
659:Marx
339:Food
259:Body
1242:doi
1236:."
1206:hdl
1198:doi
1072:law
893:In
394:Law
249:Art
1379::
1257:^
1248:.
1214:.
1204:.
1194:27
1192:.
1180:^
1142:.
1062:.
1023:,
999::
967:.
932:,
928:,
897:,
777:·
757:·
753:·
749:·
745:·
737:·
729:·
713:·
701:·
689:·
681:·
673:·
669:·
665:·
653:·
122:/
118:/
1355::
1286:.
1252:.
1244::
1222:.
1208::
1200::
995:(
882:e
875:t
868:v
480:)
476:(
315:)
311:(
124:5
120:4
116:3
34:.
20:)
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