36:
329:, figs are dried over the platform roofs of traditional houses, while those that are kept for fresh consumption are laid over fig leaves or put into baskets made from cane. Those that are to be dried are placed upon cane mats and exposed to the sun. These are rolled up during the night to protect them from humidity. They are sun-dried in this manner for days, with a thin net placed over them to prevent insect infestation. They are preserved with rice flour.
987:
sweet, viscous substance is abundant, kneaded like dough and are then formed into what resembles round or rectangular loaves, and these are called 'dveláh' (= fig-cake). And those who make them are called 'qoṣǝʻei qǝṣīʻot' (= the preparers of dried figs). The third kind is the worst of them all, which are figs whose seeds are large and brittle, and when they are left for an extended time they become sour and are called the 'vinegar of winter fruits'.
225:
266:) for flavoring. This is also thought to have been done because of the Thyme-leaved savory's anti-fungal properties. Often, the process of drying was done on a flat roof top. In the drying, olive oil was sometimes added to the figs, to enrich and preserve them from mould or rot. In some places, anise (
294:
Figs intended for drying are left on the trees until they are fully matured and rich in sugar. They are collected in baskets and spread on the ground or on rocks to dry. Progressive farmers spread them on mats. All drying is done in direct sunlight for about 3 days, depending on the temperature. Once
81:
is a mass or lump of dried and compressed figs, usually formed by a mold into a round or square block for storage, or for selling in the marketplace for human consumption. The fig-cake is not a literal cake made as a pastry with a dough batter, but rather a thick and often hardened paste of dried and
986:
Round and rectangular molds: Be apprised that there are three kinds of dried figs. There are those who dry out each one individually and, afterwards, press them together in a vessel, just as they do for dates , and these are called 'grogeroth' (= dried figs). There is the most succulent figs whose
209:
with a long wooden pestle. After kneading the mush together, it is taken up and formed into either round or rectangular loaves within molds. Once laid within the mold, the surface of the figs was smoothed off, either with liquids had from other fruits, or with smooth stones.
295:
dry, they are placed into a heap. This operation equalises the moisture in the heap, otherwise some will be too moist while others may be too dry. After a day the figs are spread out again and dried for another day. They are then ready for the bin. This dried fig is known as
221:). Straw was often spread on top of them to help in their preservation. These, unlike the regular fig-cake, did not last long and usually became worm-infested after a short time. They were made into round or square cakes.
305:]. Sometimes the figs are split in half with the fingers and put on rocks to dry. ...In many villages the split figs are struck together to form a ball about the size of a coconut. This is known as
825:
The dried figs of
Palestine were praised as being quite distinct from all others on the market, and as plump and attractive compared to the poor dried fruits produced in other countries.
165:
As early as the 1st-century CE, dried and pressed fig-cakes were being delivered to a place called Beit
Qarnayim. In the 2nd-century CE, fig-cakes prepared in southern
173:, were widely held to be more succulent and sweeter than other known varieties of dried figs and were, therefore, given special status. A field measuring 50 x 50
213:
Another manner of preparation was to take figs that had already been dried and to open them up and put one on top of the other, producing cakes known as
349:). Fifty-four varieties of figs are known to exist in Palestine. In Modern times , the varieties of figs grown for eating and drying, mostly by
1245:
290:, such figs were laid down upon mats to dry. In late Roman times, dried figs were packed in sealed earthenware jars for prolonged storage.
626:, dried figs after they are pressed in a circular-shape are called dveláh, and they are no longer sold by the measure, by rather by weight
150:
Moreover, they that were nigh unto them... brought bread on donkeys and on camels and on mules and on oxen, even food made from flour,
260:) by laying them out to dry upon a large stone slab that had been covered with crushed leaves and stems of thyme-leaved savory (
1202:
1197:(in Hebrew), vol. 11, Tel Aviv: Israel Ministry of Defence, in affiliation with the Nature Protection Society, pp. 78–79,
1107:
118:
Then
Abigail made haste and took two hundred loaves , and two bottles of wine... and an hundred clusters of raisins and two hundred
959:
4:7, which relates the story of a person carrying a pestle and going to another person's mortar to stamp his figs into fig-cakes.
205:
The old method of producing fig-cakes is to take selected ripe figs that are most succulent and to pound them in a large, wooden
972:(1955), "Perush Shishah Sidrei Mishnah - A Commentary on the Six Orders of the Mishnah", in Sachs, Mordecai Yehudah Leib (ed.),
903:(1955), "Perush Shishah Sidrei Mishnah - A Commentary on the Six Orders of the Mishnah", in Sachs, Mordecai Yehudah Leib (ed.),
177:
with at least 3 fig trees or more could produce as much as 27.328 kilograms (60.25 lb) of fig-cakes. Fig-cakes produced in
35:
1322:
1476:
1436:
1336:
Government of
Palestine, Department of Agriculture and Forests (Agricultural Leaflets) - Series IV Horticulture
1292:
Government of
Palestine, Department of Agriculture and Forests (Agricultural Leaflets) - Series IV Horticulture
813:
Government of
Palestine, Department of Agriculture and Forests (Agricultural Leaflets) - Series IV Horticulture
1486:
1450:
1091:
186:
90:. It is named "cake" only for its compacted shape when several are pounded and pressed together in a mold.
1471:
1018:
784:
1311:
926:תאננו הברורות הללו אנו הולכים לכתוש אותן במכתש שלפנינו ובעלי שעל כתפינו לעשות קציעה של דבילה ע"י המכתש
1361:
Goor, Asaph (1965). "The
History of the Fig in the Holy Land from Ancient Times to the Present Day".
1127:
Goor, Asaph (1965). "The
History of the Fig in the Holy Land from Ancient Times to the Present Day".
1014:
969:
900:
857:
Goor, Asaph (1965). "The
History of the Fig in the Holy Land from Ancient Times to the Present Day".
638:
Goor, Asaph (1965). "The
History of the Fig in the Holy Land from Ancient Times to the Present Day".
606:
262:
1491:
917:
763:
1386:
1378:
1152:
1144:
1010:
882:
874:
741:
663:
655:
166:
1240:. Vol. 2 (Agriculture). Translated by Robert Schick. Ramallah: Dar Al Nasher. p. 343.
1339:
1295:
1241:
1198:
1175:
1103:
1047:
977:
946:
908:
816:
792:
680:
614:
558:
554:
268:
206:
181:
were thought to be of inferior quality to those produced in Palestine. The fig tree native to
83:
1095:
1370:
1273:
1136:
866:
836:
758:
647:
509:
342:
1440:
1446:
1042:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2 (Zera'im). Jerusalem: Vagshal Publishing Ltd. 2011. p. 126 (
844:
768:
488:
472:
460:
417:
273:
194:
107:
1481:
182:
1442:
A compendious Syriac Dictionary: founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith
791:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Mekhon ha-Talmud ha-Yiśre'eli ha-shalem. p. 50 (note 7).
1465:
1233:
1193:
Daphne, Amos (1983), "Micromeria fruticosa", in Heller, David; Livneh, Micah (eds.),
1081:
1030:
236:
Similar to the fig-cake, but still different from them, are the ordinary dried figs (
1390:
1156:
886:
667:
593:
350:
243:
99:
514:
550:
720:
709:
698:
519:
1407:
1051:
618:
539:
287:
1343:
1299:
1179:
981:
912:
820:
562:
950:
796:
338:
87:
59:
1334:
Grasovsky, Asaph; Weitz, Joseph (1932), "Fig Growing in Palestine (1930)",
1290:
Grasovsky, Asaph; Weitz, Joseph (1932), "Fig Growing in Palestine (1930)",
811:
Grasovsky, Asaph; Weitz, Joseph (1932), "Fig Growing in Palestine (1930)",
685:
504:
397:
326:
40:
Mechanically-produced fig-cake (often formed into a round or square loaf)
20:
745:
1419:
1382:
1374:
1216:
1148:
1140:
1085:
1064:
992:
938:
878:
870:
659:
651:
544:
468:
322:
314:
1403:
613:, vol. 1, Jerusalem: Vagshal Publishing, p. 171 (Peah 8:5),
224:
353:
247:
170:
1338:, vol. 28, Jerusalem: Government of Palestine, pp. 13–15,
974:
The Six Orders of the Mishnah: with the Commentaries of the Rishonim
905:
The Six Orders of the Mishnah: with the Commentaries of the Rishonim
98:
Fig-cakes have historically been used as food in ancient times. The
82:
pressed figs made into a loaf, sold by weight and eaten as food in
921:
393:
223:
190:
178:
174:
69:
49:
428:). In contrast, the Hebrew word used for a "dried fig" is
1294:, vol. 28, Jerusalem: Government of Palestine, p. 11,
789:
The Commentary of Rabbi Isaac ben Melchizedek to Mishnah Zera'im
815:, vol. 28, Jerusalem: Government of Palestine, p. 2,
313:
in Hebrew. These cakes are pressed and are mainly sold to the
301:
189:), with its superb qualities, was eventually introduced into
368:. Other varieties used for eating and drying include the
337:
Modern-day dried figs are often procured from Turkish or
467:- דבלת), with the connotation of "dried fig; fig cake."
384:. Those varieties used exclusively for drying are the
945:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Wahrmann Books. p. 220.
779:
777:
609:(2011), "Commentary of Rabbi Obadiah of Bertinoro",
732:Yardeni, Ada (1990). "New Jewish Aramaic Ostraca".
65:
55:
45:
1323:Use of Rice flour for preservation of dried fruits
1172:MAPA's Dictionary of Plants and Flowers in Israel
158:), and bunches of raisins, and wine, etc.
943:Tosephta - Based on the Erfut and Vienna Codices
242:) that have not been compressed together. The
8:
281:
251:
237:
142:), and two clusters of raisins, etc.
26:
1122:
1120:
1118:
185:(which in Roman times included Palestine's
1040:Mishnayot Zekher Chanokh (משניות זכר חנוך)
239:et-tīn al-mujafaf; quṭṭēn; et-tīn al-yābis
34:
25:
1174:(in Hebrew). Tel-Aviv: MAPA. p. 48.
585:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1238:Work and Customs in Palestine, volume II
1236:(2020). Nadia Abdulhadi-Sukhtian (ed.).
1195:Plants and Animals of the Land of Israel
584:, and which Syriac equivalent is
549:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Translated by
976:(in Hebrew), Jerusalem: El ha-Meqorot,
907:(in Hebrew), Jerusalem: El ha-Meqorot,
588:, explained in J. Payne-Smith's
531:
7:
596:, as "a cake or mass of dried figs."
356:, are such types known in Arabic as
286:) to refine the taste. According to
492:
277:
232:), as distinguished from a fig-cake
111:
280:) is sprinkled on the dried figs (
14:
1445:(in Syriac and English). Oxford:
941:(1970). M.S. Zuckermandel (ed.).
440:, or "dried figs" in the plural,
1260:Maimonides, Mishnah Commentary (
646:(2): 125 (The Biblical Period).
580:Translated from the Hebrew word
250:area often prepared dried figs (
1455:(J.P. Margoliouth's supplement)
590:A Compendious Syriac Dictionary
317:who cut off slices as required.
134:And they gave him a piece of a
54:
495:) means to press into a ball.
392:(a yellowish fig found in the
1:
547:, with Maimonides' Commentary
86:countries and throughout the
787:(1975). Nissan Sachs (ed.).
228:Strings of dried figs (Ar.
1508:
734:Israel Exploration Journal
364:), which is also known as
244:Arabic speaking population
18:
925:
611:Mishnayoth Zekher Chanokh
581:
568:
557:. p. 76 (Peah 8:5).
445:
433:
425:
257:
218:
155:
139:
123:
33:
19:Not to be confused with
1312:The Argarve and the Fig
1092:Oxford University Press
16:Food prepared from figs
785:Ben Melchizedek, Isaac
319:
282:
252:
238:
233:
163:
147:
131:
1019:Isaac ben Melchizedek
448:), pronounced
436:), pronounced
420:word for fig-cake is
292:
227:
201:Manner of preparation
148:
132:
116:
114:) in several places:
94:Historical references
1170:Shmida, Avi (2005).
1017:, and Commentary of
1015:Obadiah of Bertinoro
1013:, and commentary of
771:'s commentary there.
607:Obadiah of Bertinoro
459:also appears in the
396:sub-district and in
263:Micromeria fruticosa
160:(1 Chronicles 12:40)
1477:Plants in the Bible
1009:1:8 (Commentary of
30:
1375:10.1007/BF02862824
1141:10.1007/BF02862824
1011:Nathan ben Abraham
970:Nathan ben Abraham
901:Nathan ben Abraham
871:10.1007/BF02862824
721:1 Chronicles 12:40
652:10.1007/BF02862824
234:
102:mentions the food
1247:978-9950-385-84-9
1035:Melekhet Shelomoh
681:Babylonian Talmud
555:Mossad Harav Kook
269:Pimpinella anisum
193:, as attested by
161:
145:
129:
75:
74:
1499:
1456:
1454:
1433:
1427:
1417:
1411:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1358:
1347:
1346:
1331:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1287:
1281:
1274:Jerusalem Talmud
1271:
1265:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1230:
1224:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1124:
1113:
1112:
1078:
1072:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1028:
1022:
1003:
997:
989:
966:
960:
954:
935:
929:
927:
920:4:5, citing the
915:
897:
891:
890:
854:
848:
837:Jerusalem Talmud
834:
828:
827:
808:
802:
801:, s.v. Demai 2:1
800:
781:
772:
759:Jerusalem Talmud
756:
750:
749:
740:(2/3): 130–152.
729:
723:
718:
712:
707:
701:
696:
690:
678:
672:
671:
635:
629:
628:
603:
597:
587:
583:
578:
572:
570:
566:
536:
510:Newtons (cookie)
494:
447:
435:
427:
372:fig (also spelt
333:Varieties of fig
285:
279:
259:
255:
241:
220:
159:
157:
144:(1 Samuel 30:12)
143:
141:
128:(1 Samuel 25:18)
127:
125:
113:
66:Main ingredients
38:
31:
29:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1447:Clarendon Press
1437:Payne Smith, J.
1435:
1434:
1430:
1418:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1363:Economic Botany
1360:
1359:
1350:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1306:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1129:Economic Botany
1126:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1063:
1059:
1038:
1029:
1025:
1004:
1000:
968:
967:
963:
937:
936:
932:
899:
898:
894:
859:Economic Botany
856:
855:
851:
835:
831:
810:
809:
805:
783:
782:
775:
769:Solomon Sirilio
757:
753:
731:
730:
726:
719:
715:
708:
704:
697:
693:
679:
675:
640:Economic Botany
637:
636:
632:
605:
604:
600:
579:
575:
538:
537:
533:
528:
501:
414:
335:
203:
195:Pliny the Elder
126:), etc.
96:
56:Place of origin
41:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1487:Ancient dishes
1484:
1479:
1474:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1428:
1412:
1396:
1369:(2): 134–135.
1348:
1326:
1315:
1304:
1282:
1266:
1253:
1246:
1234:Dalman, Gustaf
1225:
1209:
1203:
1185:
1162:
1114:
1108:
1084:, ed. (1977),
1073:
1057:
1023:
998:
961:
930:
892:
849:
847:'s commentary)
829:
803:
773:
751:
724:
713:
710:1 Samuel 30:12
702:
699:1 Samuel 25:18
691:
673:
630:
598:
573:
530:
529:
527:
524:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
500:
497:
475:: (ܕܒܶܠܬܳܐ) -
461:Ugric language
413:
410:
334:
331:
309:in Arabic and
202:
199:
95:
92:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1504:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1472:Edible fruits
1470:
1469:
1467:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1421:
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1204:965-05-0078-2
1200:
1196:
1189:
1186:
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1177:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
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1142:
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1115:
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1109:0-19-815402-X
1105:
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1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:, Commentary
1032:
1031:Solomon Adeni
1027:
1024:
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999:
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988:
983:
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556:
553:. Jerusalem:
552:
548:
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541:
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532:
525:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
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503:
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498:
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486:
483:. In Arabic:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
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458:
453:
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446:גְּרוֹגְּרוֹת
443:
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152:cakes of figs
146:
137:
130:
121:
120:cakes of figs
115:
109:
105:
101:
93:
91:
89:
85:
84:Mediterranean
80:
71:
68:
64:
61:
58:
51:
48:
44:
37:
32:
22:
1441:
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1423:
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601:
589:
576:
543:
534:
515:Pa de figues
484:
480:
476:
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434:גְּרוֹגֶּרֶת
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197:(23–79 CE).
164:
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149:
136:cake of figs
135:
133:
119:
117:
103:
100:Hebrew Bible
97:
78:
76:
1087:The Mishnah
996:, chapter 3
551:Yosef Qafih
520:Pan de higo
351:Palestinian
1492:Fig dishes
1466:Categories
1449:. p.
1408:Wiktionary
1135:(2): 131.
1100:Moed Katan
1094:, p.
1090:, Oxford:
1069:Baba Mezia
1052:1140888800
865:(2): 127.
619:1140888800
540:Maimonides
526:References
380:, and the
347:Kuru incir
325:region of
299: [
288:Maimonides
1344:234128890
1300:234128890
1180:716569354
1082:Danby, H.
1007:Maaseroth
1005:Mishnah,
982:233403923
913:233403923
821:234128890
563:233308346
455:The word
450:ğǝroğǝroṯ
442:grogeroth
438:ğǝroğereṯ
430:grogereth
412:Etymology
388:fig, the
366:Hurtemani
339:Calimyrna
167:Palestine
88:Near East
70:Fig paste
60:Near East
1439:(1903).
1391:34606339
1157:34606339
1044:Maaserot
951:13717538
928:.
887:34606339
841:Shevi'it
797:19160627
764:Bikkurim
746:27926179
668:34606339
542:(1963).
505:Fig roll
499:See also
477:diblatua
404:and the
398:Nazareth
354:Fellahin
327:Portugal
315:Bedouins
140:פלח דבלה
79:fig-cake
28:Fig-cake
21:Fig cake
1420:Mishnah
1383:4252586
1278:Shabbat
1262:Nedarim
1221:Yom Tov
1217:Tosefta
1149:4252586
1065:Tosefta
993:Terumot
990:, s.v.
957:Ta'anit
955:, s.v.
939:Tosefta
918:Ta'anit
916:, s.v.
879:4252586
845:Sirilio
686:Zevahim
660:4252586
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567:, s.v.
545:Mishnah
481:dǝvelta
469:Aramaic
386:Haroubi
382:Shatawi
376:), the
343:Turkish
323:Algarve
321:In the
297:Goutein
246:in the
169:, near
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569:ודבילה
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485:D'bala
473:Syriac
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422:dveláh
418:Hebrew
406:Himari
400:) the
374:Khdari
370:Hedari
341:figs (
311:Dvelah
307:Dibleh
283:quṭṭēn
278:yānsūn
274:Arabic
253:quṭṭēn
248:Hebron
230:quṭṭēn
215:keziah
207:mortar
187:Judaea
175:cubits
171:Keilah
108:Hebrew
104:dveláh
1482:Ficus
1404:דבילה
1387:S2CID
1379:JSTOR
1153:S2CID
1145:JSTOR
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922:Arukh
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656:JSTOR
592:, p.
586:ܕܒܠܬܐ
426:דבילה
402:Biadi
394:Safed
390:Sfari
362:Mwazi
358:Moazi
219:קציעה
191:Italy
183:Syria
179:Bosra
156:דבלים
124:דבלים
112:דבילה
50:Fruit
1426:8:5)
1424:Peah
1340:OCLC
1296:OCLC
1280:7:2)
1264:8:3)
1242:ISBN
1223:4:1)
1199:ISBN
1176:OCLC
1104:ISBN
1048:OCLC
978:OCLC
947:OCLC
909:OCLC
817:OCLC
793:OCLC
689:73a)
615:OCLC
582:דבלה
559:OCLC
493:ذبلة
465:dblt
416:The
378:Sbai
258:قطين
46:Type
1371:doi
1137:doi
1096:209
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302:sic
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