336:
1234:
2270:
459:
910:
themselves being henceforth principally as poets and philosophers. The division seems to have already existed in
Ireland at the time of St Patrick, whose preaching brought him into constant opposition with the druids, who were evidently, at that time, regarded as the religious leaders of the nation,
621:
is misleading, because the filid had extraordinary power and influence over the kings and political leaders who sponsored them. It was important for leaders to treat the filid with respect, and to reward them handsomely, in order to get good quality information on current affairs. The filid had the
971:
The ultimate accommodation of
Christianity within Irish Gaelic society resulted in a strain on the resources of the Chiefs and in that they were required to provide land and titles for both fili and bishop alike. Consequently, a decision was made in the 6th century to limit the number of fili to
900:
is to be regarded as in the earliest times as combining in his person the functions of magician, lawgiver, judge, counsellor to the chief, and poet. Later, but still at a very early time, the offices seem to have been divided, the
944:. However, the culture placed great importance on the fili's ability to pass stories and information down through the generations without making changes in those elements that were considered factual rather than embellishment.
1857:
in 1249 ..."a
Highlander came forward to bless Alexander and declare him as king of Scotland. Then he proclaimed the rulers lineage in a role which was doubtless a survival of the ceremonial's which took place long before in
1128:(who died in 1738 and is often lauded as "the last of the bards") and countless of his less-known or anonymous colleagues, the musical tradition of the fili has made its way to contemporary ears via artists such as
955:. The synergy between the rich and ancient indigenous oral literary tradition and the classical tradition resulted in an explosion of monastic literature that included epics of war, love stories, nature poetry,
905:
devoting themselves to the study of law, and the giving of legal decisions, the druids arrogating to themselves the supernatural functions, with the addition, possibly of some priestly offices, and the
1567:..."There were two kinds of poets known to the early Gael, the principle of those was called the filè (filla); there were seven grades of filès, the most exalted being called an ollamh (ollav) ...
625:
At the darker and more extreme end of the scale – if leaders failed to treat the filid with due respect – they ran the risk of satire – a kind of blackmail – whereby the filid might
2106:..."dangerous effects of satire, specifically the power of poets to cause ulcers and deformity on the subject of their contempt, if indeed he did not immediately die ...
1050:
times, when
English nobility were horrified to see the Gaelic chieftains not just eating at the same table as their poets, but often from the same dish. Eventually
2070:..."Should the lord or king fail to show appropriate welcome to the poets, or incur their displeasure otherwise, he might be subjected to their satire ...
911:
though there does not seem to be much sign that they were, as they undoubtedly were, even at an earlier age in
Britain and Gaul, sacrificing priests.
2056:..."Medieval poets in both Ireland and Wales were prone at times to extend the realistic influence of their patrons to magnify their importance ...
2283:
1074:
Many manuscripts preserving the tales once transmitted by the fili have survived. This literature contributes much to the modern understanding of
2120:..."There may have been growing dissent between the poets and the royal sponsors they preyed upon...When they were threatened with expulsion...
984:(O'Higgins) who were hereditary filí in more than one Gaelic house such as O'Conor Slighit, The MacDermotts, The McDonagh and O'Doherty. The
1528:
2340:
230:'see') to 'there is'. Olr.file 'poet' is a derivative from this root (cf. Ogam Gen. sg. VELITAS). The original meaning was 'seer', PCelt.
2257:
2232:
2176:
2151:
1928:...The chief poet of the kingdom will have advanced to exclaim the name and ancestry of this ruler. This solemn proclamation, called
1015:, although this family was also associated with Ulster and spread from Connacht into the courts of Munster and Leinster. Finally the
2204:
1205:
951:
remained largely intact many centuries into the
Christian era. Much of it was first recorded in writing by scholarly Christian
281:, which required at least 12 years of training. The ollam were required to commit to memory 250 major tales and 350 minor ones.
636:, and therefore able to foresee, foretell, predict – important events. It was also feared that they might have the power to
1089:
Besides its value to historians, this canon has contributed a great deal to modern literature beginning with retellings by
972:
certain families who were respected and believed to be poets as a birthright. The greatest of these families included the
936:
value. The tradition allowed plenty of room for improvisation and personal expression, especially in regard to creative
139:
In an early society where most people were illiterate – including its hierarchy of chieftains, sub-kings and kings – the
2330:
219:
248:
inscription from Larzac as "uidluias", which is the feminine genitive singular form), derived ultimately from the verb
1055:
363:
125:
1030:
maintained practices of and enjoyed a similar status as the pre-Christian fili. But from the 12th century onwards,
147:, the fili would hope to gain a professional reputation for the authenticity and reliability of their information.
2325:
996:
568:– historians – who advised chieftains and kings on political matters. The filid were believed to have the power of
1925:
2089:
1877:
1854:
1038:
culture waned, these folk became increasingly involved with written literature and such non-native traditions as
343:
2345:
2320:
2188:
952:
84:
1932:, would formally give Áedán sovereignty. His bare foot would be placed into the hollow of the living rock ...
2196:
1252:
959:
and so forth which collectively resulted in the largest corpus of non-Latin literature seen in Europe since
1262:
874:
824:
2335:
2288:
622:
ability to portray their sponsors in a positive or negative way, and to influence neighbouring leaders.
226:
is offered by
Matasović. He notes: "The semantic development of Olr.fil was from 'Lo, behold' (lmpv. of
215:
31:
1612:..."The simple translation of "poet" is misleading, as much of the writing of the fili in his guise as
1502:
1125:
1004:
528:
Viking attacks on the north east coast of
Pictland resulted in a power vacuum, and an opportunity for
335:
2001:
1090:
1051:
2249:
2224:
2168:
2143:
1118:
1046:, was seen as equal status to the Ard-rí, or High King. This high social status existed right into
1000:
925:
129:
1974:..."His ambitions were helped by the fact that many of the Pictish nobles had been wiped out in a
370:– 'Master poet of Scotland' – was an important member of the kings court. Whenever a new king was
1114:
1102:
1023:
232:
589:
143:
was an important means of communicating current news and historical events. As both a poet and
2253:
2228:
2200:
2172:
2147:
2000:'s claim to the united throne as they sang of his glorious descent from the hero kings of the
1906:..."The pagan ceremony in one part of Ireland, where the king was ritually mated to his land (
1079:
489:
in
Scotland, including the recital of the future kings ancestry, probably originated from the
2019:
1997:
1971:
1946:
992:
853:
529:
245:
1016:
2216:
2023:
1884:
at Scone on 13 July 1249. There exists an illustration of the moment in the ceremony when
1712:
1181:
1063:
1047:
948:
921:
848:
537:
482:
390:
211:
144:
985:
973:
425:
293:
1652:
601:
169:
1239:
1214:
1133:
1094:
1031:
960:
870:
858:
692:
580:
303:
179:
140:
121:
699:
532:
to become the first leader of both Dal Riata and
Pictland. A new royal power base and
444:
2314:
2300:
2274:
2092:
refused to pronounce against the powerful druid, fearful of his threat of satire ...
1975:
1137:
1110:
347:
1782:
928:
of Ireland. In this tradition, poetic and musical forms are important not only for
406:
2279:
2027:
1881:
1850:
1746:
1027:
889:
820:
723:
533:
494:
490:
478:
450:
371:
1949:..."but the Gaels may also have been impelled to move east due to the pressure of
1859:
981:
59:
1208:
are working to reconstruct trance and visionary techniques that were used by the
1147:
are considered the inheritors of the ancient Irish tradition of oral literature.
1993:
1613:
1194:
1106:
1098:
956:
735:
564:
553:
458:
1742:
685:
512:..."Proclamation of the king". The Dal Riata community later moved east to the
190:
1735:
1656:
1506:
1229:
1059:
1012:
929:
902:
787:
711:
637:
633:
626:
605:
569:
513:
173:
158:
133:
94:
1889:
1648:
1577:
1277:
1158:
1144:
1008:
937:
663:
597:
541:
505:
486:
375:
162:
154:
63:
1066:
superseded the material that would have been familiar to the ancient fili.
1767:
1588:
183:
1272:
1039:
933:
318:
309:
108:
2121:
2035:
2031:
1950:
1697:..."the audience for these primary tales were chieftains and kings ...
1267:
1150:
The modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic words for "poet" are derived from
1129:
941:
572:, and therefore able to foresee, foretell, predict – important events.
517:
498:
136:, and therefore able to foresee, foretell, predict – important events.
1910:, the Feast of Tara) took place for the last time in the year 560 ...
1954:
1075:
1043:
977:
463:
75:
17:
2273: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1042:. Nonetheless in Gaelic society the chief filí of the province, or
2085:
1831:..."Trained for at least 12 years in rigorous mental exercise ...
1813:
1677:
1287:
1282:
1257:
1035:
843:
457:
334:
277:
266:
374:, it was necessary for the Ollamh rig to recite the future kings
2039:
1247:
1083:
71:
1680:
had to commit to memory 250 major tales and 350 minor ones ...
1711:..."Early professional story tellers were highly honoured and
839:– "language of the poets" – was possibly an esoteric mix of:
2030:
site. Certainly, in 849 he invested a church, thought to be
1633:..."the fili might use an esoteric language ...his craft was
1420:
1418:
1416:
1849:, 'master poet of Scotland', was a vital component of the
976:(O'Daly), several of whom were accorded the rank of 'chief
240:
The word "fili" is thought to derive from the Proto-Celtic
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1022:
The hereditary poets that were a fixture of court life in
1529:"Seanachies: keepers of Ireland's rich folklore heritage"
508:– from Irish Dal Riata – where the ceremony was known as
1461:
1459:
1457:
1379:
1377:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1034:
elements had increasing influence on Irish society. As
120:(or filès), was a member of an elite class of poets in
1876:..."no delays could be allowed and the seven year old
1368:
Leiden indo-European Etymological Divtionary series ;9
1109:
draws heavily from these tales and characters such as
947:
In this manner, a significant corpus of pre-Christian
378:, in order to verify his legitimate right to succeed.
324:
Each province had a head ollam above the túath ollams.
1624:
1622:
1853:of national monachs here up to the installation of
1019:who served the O'Donnel chieftains of Tír Connell.
222:*wel- ("to see, perceive"). An etymology from PIE
1676:..."According to medieval Irish manuscripts, the
1715:, carrying tales from one kingdom to another...
1688:
1686:
1603:
1601:
1599:
244:, meaning "seer, one who sees" (attested on the
2246:The Picts: Scourge of Rome, Rulers of the North
2165:Picts, Gaels and Scots: Early Historic Scotland
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
988:(Coffey's) were known as the fili of Uisneach.
894:
504:Those traditions were introduced into Scottish
132:. The filid were believed to have the power of
39:
520:attacks on the west coast in the 9th century.
2022:who chose to cultivate the Pictish centre at
1667:
1665:
632:The filid were believed to have the power of
8:
2084:..."the saint had a dispute with a poet and
1892:and thereby assert his right to succeed ...
1791:"To interpret something in a particular way.
1558:
1556:
1143:In their subject matter and techniques, the
1788:"To become aware of, to see; to understand.
562:is misleading, because the filid were also
313:"). There was a hierarchy of master poets:
659:
462:Footprint used in king-making ceremonies,
1322:
1101:drew from material less explicitly. Now
1888:stood forward to recite the young kings
1817:is the highest and most often cited ...
1587:– to avoid confusion with modern Irish
380:
2244:Noble, Gordon; Evans, Nicholas (2022).
2221:Scotland, A History from Earliest Times
2124:defended the 'wise men of Ireland' ...
1552:
1493:
1477:
1465:
1448:
1407:
1383:
1353:
1304:
670:
629:them in front of neighbouring leaders.
1436:
1424:
1395:
1124:Through such traditional musicians as
1026:serving as entertainers, advisors and
107:
27:Class of poets in Ireland and Scotland
2193:Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
2140:Áedán of the Gaels: King of the Scots
2026:to become a new royal power base and
1370:. Leiden: Leiden: Brill. p. 412.
321:(tribal territory) had its own ollam.
7:
2298:This article incorporates text from
1527:Maureen Donachie (21 October 2014).
1334:
1093:and other authors involved with the
331:was the head ollam above all others.
1731:Compare Old Irish – Modern Irish
25:
1781:See also wiktionary: English <
1206:Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
585:> ..."Historian, storyteller".
2268:
1593:– which has a different meaning.
1232:
1503:"Three poems in bérla na filed"
980:of poetry of all Ireland,' and
1976:battle with the Vikings in 839
1828:Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
1804:Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
516:region of Scotland, following
477:The ancient traditions of the
275:, the highest order being the
1:
1772:may be glossed as "poet" ...
1616:(historian) was in prose ...
1576:Historians prefer to use the
886:Textbook of Irish Literature
421:The master poet of the king
68:To be distinguished from the
2341:Medieval history of Ireland
1807:..."Of the seven orders of
271:There were seven orders of
2362:
1204:Finally, practitioners of
868:
818:
551:
291:
264:
55:..."Member of a privileged
29:
2163:Foster, Sally M. (2014).
1366:Matasović, Ranko (2009).
1121:are relatively familiar.
653:The tales regaled by the
440:Proclamation of the king
1996:attempted to legitimise
1924:..."The Inauguration of
949:myth and epic literature
402:Master poet of Scotland
218:*weleti ("to see"); and
105:Old Irish pronunciation:
57:powerful caste of poets,
2197:Oxford University Press
2138:Coleman, Keith (2022).
2088:named Diarmait ...The
2018:..."Conceivably it was
1253:Contention of the bards
920:The fili maintained an
638:influence future events
306:(the whole of Ireland "
302:was the master poet of
214:ᚃᚓᚂᚔᚈᚐᚄ]VELITAS]; from
93:
2015:Picts, Gaels and Scots
1989:Scotland, A History...
1968:Picts, Gaels and Scots
1943:Picts, Gaels and Scots
1873:Scotland, A History...
1678:highest grade of poets
1263:Early Irish literature
913:
875:Early Irish literature
825:Early Irish literature
594:> ..."storyteller".
466:
351:
80:
2289:Catholic Encyclopedia
2117:Áedán of the Gaels...
2103:Áedán of the Gaels...
2081:Áedán of the Gaels...
2067:Áedán of the Gaels...
2053:Áedán of the Gaels...
1921:Áedán of the Gaels...
1903:Áedán of the Gaels...
1842:Áedán of the Gaels...
1766:..."The Modern Irish
1708:Áedán of the Gaels...
1694:Áedán of the Gaels...
1673:Áedán of the Gaels...
932:, but also for their
575:See also wiktionary:
536:site was created at
461:
342:at the coronation of
338:
210:likely derives from
150:See also wiktionary:
32:Fili (disambiguation)
1992:..."While bards and
1646:See also wiktionary:
1091:William Butler Yeats
1052:classical literature
657:were classified as:
588:Scottish Gaelic <
30:For other uses, see
2331:Medieval performers
2144:Pen and Sword Books
1427:, pp. 150–151.
1218:and aspects of the
1058:that grew from the
1056:Romantic literature
782:adventure journeys
220:Proto-Indo-European
109:[/ˈfʲilʲi/]
1741:Modern Irish <
1126:Turlough O'Carolan
1103:fantasy literature
1005:Ó Conchubhair Donn
924:that predated the
649:Irish storytelling
467:
352:
193:> ...plural of
189:Modern Irish <
2326:Scottish folklore
2303:Gaelic Dictionary
2020:Cinaid mac Ailpin
1972:Cinaid mac Ailpin
1947:Cinaid mac Ailpin
1738:> has no fada.
1655:> ..."poetry,
1062:tradition of the
1001:Síol Muireadhaigh
884:According to the
865:History (Ireland)
812:
811:
604:> ..."poetry,
456:
455:
364:medieval Scotland
172:> ..."poetry,
66:in early Ireland.
16:(Redirected from
2353:
2293:
2284:Irish Literature
2272:
2271:
2263:
2238:
2217:Moffat, Alistair
2210:
2189:MacKillop, James
2182:
2157:
2125:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2093:
2090:king of Connacht
2077:
2071:
2063:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2011:
2005:
1998:Kenneth MacAlpin
1985:
1979:
1964:
1958:
1939:
1933:
1917:
1911:
1899:
1893:
1869:
1863:
1847:Ollamh rig Alban
1838:
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1764:Celtic Mythology
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1630:Celtic Mythology
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1605:
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1564:Irish Literature
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1338:
1332:
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1320:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1119:Tuatha Dé Danann
1024:medieval Ireland
926:Christianisation
660:
530:Kenneth MacAlpin
524:Kenneth MacAlpin
398:Ollamh rig Alban
381:
368:Ollamh rig Alban
356:Ollamh rig Alban
111:
106:
87:
21:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2346:Scottish poetry
2321:Ancient Ireland
2311:
2310:
2278:
2269:
2266:
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2243:
2235:
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2207:
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2100:
2096:
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2078:
2074:
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2050:
2046:
2034:, with some of
2017:
2012:
2008:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1886:An Ollaimh Righ
1875:
1870:
1866:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1780:
1776:
1761:
1757:
1734:Old Irish <
1730:
1719:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1684:
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1670:
1663:
1647:
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1439:, pp. 115.
1435:
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1406:
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1352:
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1329:
1325:, pp. 223.
1321:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1182:Scottish Gaelic
1097:. Soon after,
1080:Celtic religion
1072:
993:Ó Maol Chonaire
969:
918:
882:
877:
867:
834:
827:
817:
651:
646:
615:
556:
550:
526:
475:
417:An Ollaimh Righ
391:Scottish Gaelic
360:
340:An Ollaimh Righ
296:
290:
269:
263:
258:
239:
212:primitive Irish
204:
186:> ..."poet".
168:Old Irish <
161:> ..."poet,
128:, up until the
104:
89:
85:James MacKillop
82:
69:
67:
58:
56:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2359:
2357:
2349:
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2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2292:. Vol. 8.
2265:
2264:
2259:978-1780277783
2258:
2240:
2239:
2234:978-1780274386
2233:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2184:
2183:
2178:978-1780271910
2177:
2159:
2158:
2153:978-1526794901
2152:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2108:
2094:
2072:
2058:
2044:
2006:
2002:Cenél nGabráin
1980:
1959:
1934:
1912:
1894:
1864:
1833:
1819:
1795:
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1792:
1789:
1774:
1755:
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1542:
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1519:
1492:
1491:
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1483:
1482:
1470:
1468:, pp. 66.
1453:
1451:, pp. 42.
1441:
1429:
1412:
1410:, pp. 27.
1400:
1388:
1386:, pp. 32.
1373:
1358:
1339:
1337:, pp. 29.
1327:
1323:MacKillop 2004
1303:
1302:
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1297:
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1240:Ireland portal
1227:
1224:
1215:imbas forosnai
1202:
1201:
1192:
1179:
1171:Modern Irish:
1169:
1134:The Chieftains
1095:Celtic Revival
1071:
1068:
968:
965:
961:Ancient Greece
922:oral tradition
917:
916:Oral tradition
914:
881:
880:Elite scholars
878:
871:Gaelic Ireland
866:
863:
862:
861:
856:
851:
846:
837:Bérla na filed
833:
831:Bérla na filed
828:
816:
813:
810:
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805:
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796:
795:
792:
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764:
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731:
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708:
707:
704:
696:
695:
690:
682:
681:
678:
672:
671:
669:
666:
650:
647:
645:
644:Classification
642:
614:
613:Fear of satire
611:
610:
609:
595:
586:
552:Main article:
549:
546:
525:
522:
474:
468:
454:
453:
441:
438:
432:
431:
422:
419:
413:
412:
411:> Scotland
403:
400:
394:
393:
388:
385:
359:
353:
333:
332:
325:
322:
304:Gaelic Ireland
292:Main article:
289:
283:
265:Main article:
262:
259:
257:
256:Highest orders
254:
203:
200:
199:
198:
187:
177:
166:
141:oral tradition
45:> (plural:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2358:
2347:
2344:
2342:
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2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2280:Hyde, Douglas
2276:
2275:public domain
2261:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2206:0-19-860967-1
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2167:. Edinburgh:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2098:
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2068:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:Alexander III
1874:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1855:Alexander III
1852:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1823:
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1799:
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1695:
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1530:
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1504:
1497:
1494:
1487:
1480:, pp. 5.
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
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1148:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1138:The Dubliners
1135:
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1127:
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995:were chiefly
994:
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829:
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714:
710:
709:
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702:
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697:
694:
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689:
688:
684:
683:
680:destructions
679:
677:
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673:
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662:
661:
658:
656:
648:
643:
641:
639:
635:
630:
628:
623:
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603:
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587:
584:
583:
578:
577:
576:
573:
571:
567:
566:
561:
555:
547:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
472:
469:
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460:
452:
448:
447:
442:
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434:
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429:
428:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
410:
409:
404:
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396:
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389:
386:
383:
382:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
357:
354:
349:
348:King of Scots
345:
344:Alexander III
341:
337:
330:
326:
323:
320:
316:
315:
314:
312:
311:
305:
301:
295:
287:
284:
282:
280:
279:
274:
268:
260:
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253:
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247:
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229:
225:
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217:
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196:
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188:
185:
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137:
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131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
102:
98:
97:
96:
88:
86:
79:
77:
73:
70:lower-status
65:
61:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
2336:Irish poetry
2304:
2297:
2287:
2267:
2245:
2220:
2192:
2164:
2139:
2116:
2111:
2102:
2097:
2080:
2075:
2066:
2061:
2052:
2047:
2038:relics from
2036:St Columba's
2028:inauguration
2014:
2009:
1988:
1983:
1967:
1962:
1942:
1937:
1930:do gairm rig
1929:
1920:
1915:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1885:
1880:was quickly
1872:
1867:
1851:inauguration
1846:
1841:
1836:
1827:
1826:MacKillop –
1822:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1802:MacKillop –
1798:
1777:
1768:
1763:
1762:MacKillop –
1758:
1748:síneadh fada
1747:
1707:
1702:
1693:
1672:
1642:
1634:
1629:
1628:MacKillop –
1608:
1607:MacKillop –
1589:
1584:
1583:rather than
1580:
1572:
1563:
1534:29 September
1532:. Retrieved
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1496:
1478:Coleman 2022
1473:
1466:Coleman 2022
1449:Coleman 2022
1444:
1432:
1408:Coleman 2022
1403:
1391:
1384:Coleman 2022
1367:
1361:
1354:Coleman 2022
1330:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1198:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1151:
1149:
1142:
1123:
1088:
1086:in general.
1084:Celtic world
1073:
1032:Anglo-Norman
1028:genealogists
1021:
990:
986:Ó Cobhthaigh
970:
946:
919:
907:
897:
895:
890:Eleanor Hull
885:
883:
836:
835:
830:
821:Irish poetry
815:Irish poetry
804:plunderings
799:
788:
777:
767:
757:
747:
736:
724:
712:
700:
693:cattle raids
686:
675:
654:
652:
631:
624:
618:
616:
590:
581:
574:
563:
559:
557:
534:inauguration
527:
510:do gairm rig
509:
503:
495:County Meath
491:Hill of Tara
481:ceremony at
479:inauguration
476:
471:Do gairm rig
470:
451:proclamation
445:
436:Do gairm rig
435:
426:
416:
407:
397:
367:
361:
355:
339:
329:Ollamh Érenn
328:
307:
300:Ollamh Érenn
299:
297:
294:Ollamh Érenn
286:Ollamh Érenn
285:
276:
272:
270:
252:, "to see".
249:
241:
238:
231:
227:
223:
216:Proto-Celtic
207:
205:
194:
180:Modern Irish
149:
138:
124:, and later
117:
113:
100:
92:
90:
81:
50:
46:
42:
40:
36:
2122:Colum Cille
1994:seannachies
1953:attacks on
1882:inaugurated
1713:peripatetic
1437:Moffat 2017
1425:Foster 2014
1396:Moffat 2017
1195:Manx Gaelic
1115:Finn McCool
1099:James Joyce
1064:langue d'oc
1048:Elizabethan
1017:Ó Cléirighs
957:saint tales
940:and clever
794:elopements
540:beside the
485:beside the
473:(Dal Riata)
372:inaugurated
145:storyteller
130:Renaissance
2315:Categories
2307:. (Filidh)
2115:Coleman –
2101:Coleman –
2079:Coleman –
2065:Coleman –
2051:Coleman –
1919:Coleman –
1908:Feis Temro
1901:Coleman –
1840:Coleman –
1745:> with
1706:Coleman –
1692:Coleman –
1671:Coleman –
1657:divination
1507:De Gruyter
1294:References
1212:, such as
1111:Cúchulainn
1060:troubadour
930:aesthetics
869:See also:
819:See also:
634:divination
606:divination
591:seanchaidh
579:Irish <
570:divination
514:Perthshire
430:> king
358:(Scotland)
174:divination
134:divination
112:), plural
2282:(1913). "
2013:Foster –
1987:Moffat –
1966:Foster –
1941:Foster –
1890:genealogy
1871:Moffat –
1860:Dál Riata
1653:filidecht
1649:Old Irish
1635:filidecht
1578:Old Irish
1335:Hyde 1913
1299:Citations
1278:Seanachie
1220:tarbhfeis
1190:filidhean
1188:, plural
1175:, plural
1165:, plural
1159:Old Irish
1145:seanachie
1009:MacDermot
982:Ó hUiginn
974:Ó Dálaigh
938:hyperbole
701:tochmarca
664:Old Irish
617:The term
602:filidecht
598:Old Irish
558:The term
542:River Tay
506:Dal Riata
487:River Tay
376:genealogy
288:(Ireland)
242:*widluios
206:The term
202:Etymology
170:filidecht
155:Old Irish
2301:Dwelly's
2219:(2017).
2191:(2004).
1845:..."the
1783:perceive
1614:senchaid
1273:Rhapsode
1226:See also
1222:ritual.
1117:and the
1082:and the
1054:and the
1040:heraldry
1007:and the
934:mnemonic
768:forbassa
742:voyages
730:terrors
718:battles
706:wooings
668:English
627:ridicule
582:seanchaí
565:seanchaí
554:Seanchaí
548:Seanchaí
387:English
310:The Pale
233:*wel-et-
126:Scotland
74:and the
60:diviners
2277::
2250:Birlinn
2225:Birlinn
2169:Birlinn
2132:Sources
2032:Dunkeld
1562:Hyde –
1512:3 March
1268:Gorsedd
1130:Planxty
1013:Moylurg
999:of the
997:Ollamhs
967:Decline
942:kenning
903:brehons
854:English
789:aitheda
778:echtrae
772:sieges
762:feasts
752:deaths
737:immrama
499:Ireland
384:Phrase
350:, 1249.
308:beyond
250:*widlu-
246:Gaulish
228:*wel-o-
122:Ireland
2305:(1911)
2256:
2231:
2203:
2175:
2150:
1955:Argyll
1951:Viking
1811:, the
1199:feelee
1186:filidh
1136:, and
1076:druids
1070:Legacy
1044:Ollamh
1036:Gaelic
1003:, the
978:ollamh
849:Hebrew
800:airgne
518:Viking
464:Dunadd
224:welo-
118:filidh
76:brehon
51:filidh
2086:druid
2024:Scone
1926:Áedán
1814:ollam
1785:>
1651:<
1547:Notes
1288:Vates
1283:Skald
1258:Druid
1210:filid
1167:filid
953:monks
888:, by
859:Irish
844:Latin
758:fessa
725:uatha
713:catha
676:togla
655:filid
600:<
538:Scone
483:Scone
449:>
446:gairm
319:túath
317:Each
278:ollam
267:Ollam
261:Ollam
182:<
157:<
114:filid
64:seers
47:filid
41:<
2254:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2201:ISBN
2173:ISBN
2148:ISBN
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2040:Iona
2004:...
1978:...
1957:...
1862:...
1809:fili
1769:file
1743:filí
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1637:...
1590:file
1585:filè
1581:fili
1536:2015
1514:2024
1248:Bard
1177:filí
1173:file
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1152:fili
1105:and
991:The
908:filí
898:file
896:The
873:and
823:and
748:aite
687:tana
619:poet
560:poet
443:<
427:rìgh
424:<
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405:<
366:the
327:The
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72:bard
62:and
43:fili
18:Filè
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1488:Web
1107:art
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493:in
362:In
346:as
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2156:.
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197:.
34:.
20:)
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