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152:(b) Water pass through the outermost layer when a negative suction pressure is applied across the outermost layer. The Donnan potential effect repels Cl− ions from the first sublayer of the outermost layer. Na+ ions attach to the first layer to satisfy the electro-neutrality requirement and salt retention eventually occurs.
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149:(a) Schematic of an RS root. The outermost layer is composed of three layers. The root is immersed in NaCl solution.
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