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that already passed
Gatekeeper will not be stopped. In addition, Gatekeeper will only verify applications that have the quarantine flag. As this flag is added by other applications and not by the system, any neglect or failure to do so does not trigger Gatekeeper. According to security blogger Thomas Reed,
352:
The effectiveness and rationale of
Gatekeeper in combating malware have been acknowledged, but been met with reservations. Security researcher Chris Miller noted that Gatekeeper will verify the developer certificate and consult the known-malware list only when the application is first opened. Malware
384:
in the signed application. The application and its external files can then be redistributed, while leaving the original signature of the application bundle itself intact. As
Gatekeeper does not verify such individual files, the security can be compromised. With path randomization and signed disk
265:
314:
To override
Gatekeeper, the user (acting as an administrator) either has to switch to a more lenient policy from the security & privacy panel of System Preferences or authorize a manual override for a particular application, either by opening the application from the
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Snow
Leopard, the system keeps two blacklists to identify known malware or insecure software. The blacklists are updated periodically. If the application is blacklisted, then File Quarantine will refuse to open it and recommend to users that they drag it to
161:
335:
that can be verified as a unit by the system. In macOS Sierra, this allows developers to guarantee the integrity of all bundled files and prevent attackers from infecting and subsequently redistributing them. In addition, "path randomization" executes
256:, and application developers will need to implement this feature into their applications and is not implemented by the system. The system can also force this behavior upon individual applications using a signature-based system named Xprotect.
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Gatekeeper will refuse to open the application if the code-signing requirements are not met. Apple can revoke the developer's certificate with which the application was signed and prevent further distribution.
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from a random, hidden path and prevents them from accessing external files relative to their location. This feature is turned off if the application bundle originated from a signed
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718:
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In
September 2015, security researcher Patrick Wardle wrote about another shortcoming that concerns applications that are distributed with external files, such as
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However, this option can be re-enabled by using the 'sudo spctl --master-disable' command from the
Terminal and authenticating with an admin password.
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951:
1854:
836:
365:. Questions have also been raised about the registration process to acquire a developer certificate and the prospect of certificate theft.
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240:("quarantine flag") can be added to the downloaded file. This attribute is added by the application that downloads the file, such as a
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provides granular controls, such as custom rules and individual or blanket permissions, as well as an option to turn
Gatekeeper off.
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When the user attempts to open an application with such an attribute, the system will postpone the execution and verify whether it:
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Once an application has passed File
Quarantine or Gatekeeper, it will be allowed to run normally and will not be verified again.
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864:
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1734:
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and verifies downloaded applications before allowing them to run, thereby reducing the likelihood of inadvertently executing
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that appears when
Gatekeeper prevents an application from running, because it was not signed by an Apple certified developer
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Allows all applications to be launched. This effectively turns Gatekeeper off. This is the default setting in Lion. Since
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are frequent offenders of this. The flag is also not added if the application came from a different source, like
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or with the term "gatekeepers" that they're companies that they have oligopoly in some categories of software
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or disk image or if the user manually moved the application without any other files to another directory.
803:"About the 'Are you sure you want to open it?' alert (File Quarantine / Known Malware Detection) in OS X"
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484:"Surprise! OS X Mountain Lion Roars Into Existence (For Developers Today, Everyone This Summer)"
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709:"Some nerdy changes in macOS and iOS 10: RAW shooting, a harsher Gatekeeper, more"
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Not to be confused with the third-party extension Gatekeeper by Chris Johnson for
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Allows applications downloaded from the Mac App Store and applications signed by
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837:"Mac developers: Gatekeeper is a concern, but still gives power users control"
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images, Apple provided mechanisms to mitigate this issue in macOS Sierra.
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2004:
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893:"Drop-dead simple exploit completely bypasses Mac's malware Gatekeeper"
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In 2022, a Microsoft researcher shared a vulnerability that abuses the
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639:. February 13, 2015. Archived from the original on September 22, 2012
380:. An attacker can manipulate those files and through them exploit a
2020:
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1004:
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86:
1371:
865:"OS X Mountain Lion Gatekeeper: Can it Really Keep Malware Out?"
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to be launched. This is the default setting since Mountain Lion.
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1999:
952:"Microsoft: Achilles macOS bug lets hackers bypass Gatekeeper"
180:, the user has three options, allowing apps downloaded from:
924:"Apple fixes macOS security flaw behind Gatekeeper bypass"
147:(10.8) but was backported to Lion with the 10.7.5 update.
973:
553:"Mac Malware Guide : How does Mac OS X protect me?"
286:
has code-signed contents that still match the signature.
388:
In 2021, a vulnerability was discovered where putting
579:"How to test OS X Mountain Lion's Gatekeeper in Lion"
283:
is code-signed by Apple or a certified developer, or
128:(10.6). The feature originated in version 10.7.3 of
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2013:
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53:
520:"OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion: the Ars Technica review"
776:"Inside Snow Leopard's hidden malware protection"
657:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
236:Upon download of an application, a particular
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189:Allows only applications downloaded from the
172:, the "Anywhere" option is hidden by default.
8:
39:
394:on the first line (without the path of the
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1401:
1209:
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996:
982:
974:
45:
38:
863:Chatterjee, Surojit (February 21, 2012).
217:(10.12) this option is hidden by default.
263:
159:
577:Ullrich, Johannes (February 22, 2012).
439:
197:Mac App Store and identified developers
176:In the security & privacy panel of
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835:Foresman, Chris (February 17, 2012).
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828:
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767:
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248:, but is not usually added by common
7:
950:Gatlan, Sergiu (December 19, 2022).
922:Gatlan, Sergiu (December 23, 2021).
707:Cunningham, Andrew (June 15, 2016).
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633:"About the OS X Lion v10.7.5 Update"
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509:
507:
449:
447:
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903:from the original on March 20, 2016
532:from the original on March 14, 2016
891:Goodin, Dan (September 30, 2015).
813:from the original on June 17, 2016
721:from the original on June 16, 2016
25:
482:Siegler, MG (February 16, 2012).
398:) of a file bypassed Gatekeeper.
2095:
2094:
743:Reed, Thomas (October 6, 2015).
688:(Video). June 15, 2016. At 21:45
518:Siracusa, John (July 25, 2012).
1735:Apple Push Notification service
551:Reed, Thomas (April 25, 2014).
774:Moren, Dan (August 26, 2009).
745:"Bypassing Apple's Gatekeeper"
1:
97:is a security feature of the
870:International Business Times
1980:System Integrity Protection
429:Sandbox (computer security)
424:System Integrity Protection
405:format to set an arbitrary
2138:
203:certified Apple developers
164:Gatekeeper options in the
120:, which was introduced in
29:
2122:MacOS security technology
2091:denote upcoming products.
2084:
1710:
1521:
1011:
252:client software, such as
224:The command-line utility
116:. Gatekeeper builds upon
44:
27:Security feature of macOS
680:"What's New in Security"
455:"OS X: About Gatekeeper"
143:was originally added in
141:graphical user interface
1985:Uniform Type Identifier
1682:Remote Install Mac OS X
1546:Bluetooth File Exchange
376:files that can contain
268:Screenshot of a system
238:extended file attribute
124:(10.5) and expanded in
69:July 25, 2012
1870:Grand Central Dispatch
409:to bypass Gatekeeper.
273:
173:
611:Mac Developer Library
583:Internet Storm Center
419:Microsoft SmartScreen
319:or by adding it with
267:
163:
126:Mac OS X Snow Leopard
331:Developers can sign
134:command-line utility
2052:Classic Environment
1621:Migration Assistant
1576:Digital Color Meter
1458:Former Applications
1320:Notification Center
463:. February 13, 2015
407:access-control list
338:application bundles
168:application. Since
41:
1700:Technologies &
1677:ODBC Administrator
1636:System Information
1122:10.8 Mountain Lion
809:. March 22, 2016.
528:. pp. 14–15.
355:BitTorrent clients
327:Path randomization
274:
178:System Preferences
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166:System Preferences
145:OS X Mountain Lion
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1725:Apple File System
1695:
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1581:Directory Utility
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1435:Interface Builder
1213:Core Applications
1201:
1200:
1158:10.13 High Sierra
1101:10.6 Snow Leopard
957:Bleeping Computer
929:Bleeping Computer
750:Malwarebytes Labs
342:installer package
92:
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16:(Redirected from
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2098:
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1990:Universal binary
1708:
1646:Universal Access
1586:DiskImageMounter
1541:Audio MIDI Setup
1526:Activity Monitor
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1345:Quicktime Player
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1137:10.11 El Capitan
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122:Mac OS X Leopard
102:operating system
82:Operating system
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32:"classic" Mac OS
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1965:Speakable items
1935:Preference Pane
1915:Mission Control
1805:Core Foundation
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1687:Software Update
1672:Network Utility
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1631:System Settings
1616:Keychain Access
1536:Archive Utility
1531:AirPort Utility
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1445:Quartz Composer
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1397:Developer Tools
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1360:version history
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118:File Quarantine
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359:network shares
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108:. It enforces
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1626:Script Editor
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2030:Discontinued
1885:Kernel panic
1864:
1755:AVFoundation
1660:Discontinued
1591:Disk Utility
1561:Configurator
1428:Former tools
1387:Time Machine
1206:Applications
1163:10.14 Mojave
1153:10.12 Sierra
1096:10.5 Leopard
1086:10.3 Panther
1071:10.0 Cheetah
1021:Architecture
963:December 19,
961:. Retrieved
955:
945:
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927:
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905:. Retrieved
897:Ars Technica
896:
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842:Ars Technica
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557:The Safe Mac
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525:Ars Technica
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494:. Retrieved
487:
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348:Implications
330:
317:context menu
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305:
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289:
275:
254:Transmission
246:email client
235:
223:
215:macOS Sierra
175:
170:macOS Sierra
117:
110:code signing
94:
93:
55:Developer(s)
36:
1920:Night Shift
1815:Core OpenGL
1785:Command key
1750:Audio Units
1740:AppleScript
1601:Help Viewer
1414:Instruments
1330:Photo Booth
1275:Game Center
1178:12 Monterey
1081:10.2 Jaguar
1066:Public Beta
403:AppleDouble
396:interpreter
333:disk images
242:web browser
2014:Deprecated
1950:Quick Look
1930:Option key
1905:Menu extra
1865:Gatekeeper
1860:Foundation
1835:Cover Flow
1825:Core Video
1810:Core Image
1795:Core Audio
1730:Apple menu
1260:DVD Player
1255:Dictionary
1230:Calculator
1193:15 Sequoia
1183:13 Ventura
1173:11 Big Sur
1091:10.4 Tiger
1061:Server 1.0
607:"spctl(8)"
562:October 6,
489:TechCrunch
435:References
378:JavaScript
250:BitTorrent
232:Quarantine
95:Gatekeeper
73:2012-07-25
60:Apple Inc.
40:Gatekeeper
2062:QuickTime
1970:Spotlight
1850:FileVault
1820:Core Text
1800:Core Data
1780:ColorSync
1651:VoiceOver
1611:Installer
1596:Font Book
1556:ColorSync
1551:Boot Camp
1515:Utilities
1470:Front Row
1465:Dashboard
1419:FileMerge
1367:Shortcuts
1350:Reminders
1290:Launchpad
1225:Automator
1220:App Store
1188:14 Sonoma
1117:10.7 Lion
1076:10.1 Puma
492:. AOL Inc
370:libraries
260:Execution
151:Functions
2116:Category
2101:Category
1890:Keychain
1770:CloudKit
1641:Terminal
1502:Sherlock
1440:Dashcode
1382:TextEdit
1377:Stickies
1325:Podcasts
1300:Messages
1265:FaceTime
1245:Contacts
1235:Calendar
1053:Mac OS X
1045:Versions
1036:Software
907:June 17,
901:Archived
876:March 3,
848:June 18,
811:Archived
781:Macworld
756:June 17,
725:June 17,
719:Archived
692:June 17,
653:cite web
643:June 18,
617:July 27,
588:July 27,
536:June 17,
530:Archived
496:March 3,
467:June 18,
413:See also
372:or even
310:Override
292:Mac OS X
209:Anywhere
2089:Italics
2057:Inkwell
2005:XQuartz
1955:Rosetta
1895:launchd
1760:Bonjour
1715:AirDrop
1566:Console
1495:history
1340:Preview
1280:Grapher
1016:History
613:. Apple
132:as the
114:malware
71: (
2099:
2067:Spaces
2047:Carbon
1995:WebKit
1975:Stacks
1945:Quartz
1925:OpenCL
1900:Mach-O
1880:iCloud
1840:Darwin
1765:Bundle
1720:AppKit
1490:iTunes
1480:iPhoto
1355:Safari
1335:Photos
1270:Finder
1031:Server
935:May 6,
290:Since
2072:Xgrid
2037:BootX
1910:Metal
1855:Fonts
1775:Cocoa
1485:iSync
1475:iChat
1406:Xcode
1315:Notes
1310:Music
1240:Chess
1146:macOS
1005:macOS
637:Apple
460:Apple
321:spctl
297:Trash
270:alert
226:spctl
137:spctl
106:Apple
99:macOS
87:macOS
2021:HFS+
1875:icns
1845:Dock
1830:CUPS
1745:Aqua
1667:Grab
1372:Siri
1305:News
1295:Mail
1285:Home
1110:OS X
965:2022
937:2022
909:2016
878:2012
850:2015
819:2016
789:2016
758:2016
727:2016
694:2016
659:link
645:2015
619:2012
590:2012
564:2016
538:2016
498:2012
469:2015
374:HTML
361:and
139:. A
2000:XNU
244:or
104:by
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