696:
In 2012, the media reported the case of John Pittas, whose mother had received care in a skilled nursing facility in
Pennsylvania after an accident and then moved to Greece. The nursing home sued her son directly, before even trying to collect from Medicaid. A court in Pennsylvania ruled that the son
548:
At one time, as many as 45 U.S. states had statutes obligating an adult child to care for his or her parents. Some states repealed their filial support laws after
Medicaid took a greater role in providing relief to elderly patients without means. Other states did not, and a large number of filial
564:
Typically, these laws obligate adult children (or depending on the state, other family members) to pay for their indigent parents’/relatives' food, clothing, shelter and medical needs. Should the children fail to provide adequately, they allow nursing homes and government agencies to bring legal
710:
Every
Canadian province except for Alberta and British Columbia has filial support laws on the books, although these laws are very rarely enforced. Unlike the United States where filial responsibility laws were based on English poor laws, filial responsibility laws were enacted by the Canadian
492:
that impose a duty, usually upon adult children, for the support of their impoverished parents or other relatives. In some cases the duty is extended to other relatives. Such laws may be enforced by governmental or private entities and may be at the state or national level. While most filial
356:
351:
815:
493:
responsibility laws contemplate civil enforcement, some include criminal penalties for adult children or close relatives who fail to provide for family members when challenged to do so. The key concept is
715:. Despite the official passage of these laws, very few parents sought the enforcement of these laws by the courts, with one study finding only 58 reported cases in the years between 1933 and 1963.
729:
In
Germany, people who are related in a "direct line" (grandparents, parents, children, grandchildren) are required to support each other, this includes children with impoverished parents (
308:
896:
263:
552:
Generally, the media has not covered filial responsibility laws much, and there has not been the political will to see that they are enforced. As of 2019, twenty-six states plus
1075:
1220:
811:
416:
1163:
Samo, Gregory G. (1977). "Constitutionality of
Statutory Provision Requiring Reimbursement of Public by Child for Financial Assistance to Aged Parents".
565:
action to recover the cost of caring for the parents. Adult children can even go to jail in some states if they fail to provide filial support.
1108:
273:
464:
994:
542:
1142:
Pakula, Matthew (2005). "A Federal Filial
Responsibility Statute: A Uniform Tool to Help Combat the Wave of Indigent Elderly".
766:
Singapore, Taiwan, India, and
Mainland China criminalize refusal of financial or emotional support for one's elderly parents.
1020:
1127:
Ober, Paul R. (1972). "Pennsylvania's Family
Responsibility Statute - Corruption of Blood and Denial of Equal Protection".
346:
431:
742:
In France, close relatives (such as children, parents and spouses) are required to support each other in case of need (
1100:
897:"Northwestern MutualVoice: Who Will Pay For Mom's Or Dad's Nursing Home Bill? Filial Support Laws And Long-Term Care"
421:
712:
506:
A “filial responsibility law” is not the same thing as the provision in United States federal law which requires a
718:
In the 1980s and 1990s, most provinces included the old filial responsibility laws in their reformed family laws.
386:
341:
336:
954:
830:
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have such laws on the books, and a few states require the potential support of grandparents or even siblings.
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411:
331:
786:
228:
283:
268:
172:
1242:
1214:
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248:
223:
200:
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Alberta dropped their filial responsibility law in 2005 and
British Columbia repealed theirs in 2011.
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744:
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278:
98:
93:
68:
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929:
450:
162:
58:
1247:
1189:
1151:
869:
406:
195:
103:
43:
1021:"Identical Origins, Divergent Paths: Filial Responsibility Laws in Canada and the United States"
684:
Nevada law only mandates filial liability only if there is a written agreement to pay for care.
1104:
877:
526:
396:
112:
1181:
861:
497:, as there is no requirement that the parent be aged. For non-Western societies, the term "
326:
177:
167:
132:
122:
88:
1044:
426:
731:
303:
238:
187:
1231:
1172:
Snell, James G. (1990). "Filial responsibility laws in Canada: An historical study".
1057:
514:
to ensure that the person did not give away assets in order to qualify for
Medicaid.
489:
391:
298:
258:
233:
218:
127:
108:
16:
Criminalization of not financially supporting one's impoverished parents or relatives
1193:
995:"Pennsylvania Man Appeals to Court to Avoid Paying Mom's $ 93,000 Nursing Home Bill"
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499:
81:
48:
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63:
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293:
22:
775:
530:
117:
881:
791:
511:
507:
243:
157:
1155:
812:"Paying for Mom: Little-Known Laws Force Families to Fund Parents' Care"
873:
780:
518:
182:
152:
145:
901:
522:
401:
376:
29:
865:
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must pay, according to the Pennsylvania filial responsibility law.
852:
Callahan, Daniel (1985). "What do children owe elderly parents?".
1097:
Respect for the Elderly: Implications for Human Service Providers
675:
Connecticut law only applies if the parents are younger than 65.
711:
provinces in response to the harsh economic conditions of the
503:" has been applied to family responsibilities toward elders.
666:
Arkansas law can only require payment for adult mental care.
655:
Note: Iowa repealed its filial responsibility law in 2015.
1201:
Walton, Garrett, W. (1979). "Filial Responsibility Laws".
309:
List of child abuse cases featuring long-term detention
569:
States and territories with filial responsibility laws
814:. American Association of Retired Persons (AARP).
510:in the financial records of anyone applying for
955:"More Filial Support Cases Ending Up in Court"
541:Filial support laws were an outgrowth of the
458:
8:
1219:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1060:
1093:"Filial Piety in Asian Chinese Communities"
549:support laws remain dormant on the books.
465:
451:
18:
1150:(3). American Bar Association: 859–877.
915:
803:
659:
28:
21:
1212:
1040:
1029:
930:"How Filial Responsibility Is Defined"
831:"Filial Support and Family Solidarity"
818:from the original on 31 December 2011.
7:
38:Marriage and other unions and status
1167:. Vol. 75. pp. 1159–1178.
1095:, in Sung, K.T.; Kim, B.J. (eds.),
701:Similar laws in other jurisdictions
1165:American Law Reports Annotated 3rd
1019:Moore, Moira J. (September 2016).
974:. Iowa General Assembly. July 2015
352:Hague Convention (child abduction)
14:
928:Garber, Julie (25 October 2019).
1077:Loi Code Civil du 1 octobre 2018
895:Team, Northwestern MutualVoice.
357:Hague Convention (maintenance)
1:
969:"2015 Summary of Legislation"
347:International child abduction
993:Kim, Susanna (23 May 2012).
543:Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601
432:Paternal rights and abortion
1101:University Press of America
517:Similar laws also exist in
342:Hague Convention (adoption)
1264:
1065: (BGB) (in German)
854:The Hastings Center Report
759:
478:Filial responsibility laws
201:Parenting coordinator (US)
1186:10.1017/S0714980800010709
1174:Canadian Journal on Aging
745:fr:obligation alimentaire
369:Family and criminal code
327:Private international law
321:Private international law
829:Lopes, James L. (1975).
508:“lookback” of five years
412:Parental child abduction
259:Contact & visitation
146:Dissolution of marriages
1062:BĂĽrgerliches Gesetzbuch
787:Legitimacy (family law)
1061:
1039:Cite journal requires
274:UN Rights of the Child
269:Grandparent visitation
196:Custody evaluator (US)
173:Matrimonial Causes Act
1203:Journal of Family Law
860:(2): 32–37, page 33.
254:Filial responsibility
249:Tender years doctrine
224:DNA paternity testing
82:Validity of marriages
1144:Family Law Quarterly
1130:Dickinson Law Review
437:Right to family life
99:Prenuptial agreement
94:Marriage certificate
69:Domestic partnership
1103:, pp. 319–24,
835:Pacific Law Journal
482:filial support laws
163:Grounds for divorce
59:Common-law marriage
1079:, articles 203-211
957:. 28 October 2013.
737:support to parents
732:de:Elternunterhalt
488:) are laws in the
407:Legality of incest
113:Voidable marriages
104:Matrimonial regime
44:Types of marriages
1110:978-0-7618-4530-0
1091:Chow, N. (2009),
527:Republic of China
486:filial piety laws
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397:Domestic violence
371:(or criminal law)
279:Children's rights
213:Children's issues
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713:Great Depression
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178:Legal separation
168:No-fault divorce
133:Amatonormativity
123:Marriageable age
89:Marriage licence
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427:Paternity fraud
422:Parents' rights
417:Parental duties
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1180:(3): 268–277.
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1058:Art. 1601
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916:Callahan 1985
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1243:Filial piety
1215:cite journal
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1128:
1096:
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1032:cite journal
1014:
1002:. Retrieved
998:
988:
976:. Retrieved
963:
949:
937:. Retrieved
933:
923:
918:, p. 32
911:
900:
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857:
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806:
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762:Filial piety
750:
743:
741:
736:
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728:
720:
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709:
695:
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671:
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654:
635:South Dakota
632:Rhode Island
626:Pennsylvania
617:North Dakota
584:Connecticut
563:
551:
547:
540:
516:
505:
500:filial piety
498:
495:impoverished
494:
485:
481:
477:
476:
284:Emancipation
253:
49:Cohabitation
934:The Balance
629:Puerto Rico
605:Mississippi
554:Puerto Rico
382:Child abuse
289:Foster care
64:Civil union
54:Concubinage
1238:Family law
1232:Categories
1209:: 793–818.
1137:: 331–351.
841:: 508–535.
692:Trial case
611:New Jersey
581:California
229:Legitimacy
192:Residence
23:Family law
1248:Elder law
978:March 25,
776:Filiation
638:Tennessee
599:Louisiana
578:Arkansas
531:Singapore
219:Paternity
118:Annulment
1194:74246579
1156:25740525
999:ABC News
816:Archived
792:Legitime
770:See also
647:Virginia
596:Kentucky
587:Delaware
512:Medicaid
387:CPS (US)
337:Marriage
264:CAFCASS
244:Adoption
158:Adultery
882:4008239
874:3560643
781:Aliment
644:Vermont
608:Nevada
593:Indiana
590:Georgia
537:History
519:Germany
332:Divorce
183:Alimony
153:Divorce
1192:
1154:
1107:
1004:24 May
939:24 May
902:Forbes
880:
872:
725:Europe
706:Canada
623:Oregon
575:Alaska
523:France
402:Incest
377:Bigamy
30:Family
1190:S2CID
1152:JSTOR
1024:(PDF)
972:(PDF)
870:JSTOR
798:Notes
1221:link
1105:ISBN
1045:help
1006:2020
980:2022
941:2020
878:PMID
756:Asia
641:Utah
620:Ohio
529:and
294:Ward
111:and
109:Void
1182:doi
862:doi
739:).
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