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families, making comics the most widely consumed form of publishing, even surpassing newspapers. With a national distribution network under its ownership, Roces continued to hold a dominant position, owning 62 out of 71 titles in the market by 1992. The publishing model established by the Roces family, characterized by the short publication periods, a wide array of titles, and affordable prices, faced minimal challenges from smaller publishers. However, this oligopoly led to a conservative approach to content, often favoring recycled ideas over innovation. The relentless pursuit of production speed resulted in a decline in quality, exemplified by writer
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2088:, the mermaid who falls in love with a human, and the girl superhero Darna. A common storyline featured the protagonist acquiring a magical item (such as a typewriter, ballpoint pen, or winnowing basket) to overcome adversity. The genre also featured a variety of unusual characters, including half-beast children, talking dolphins, women with a snake or a mouse as twin siblings, three-headed girls, and "The Hands," severed and animated hands with eyes and magical powers. These characters were often drawn inspiration from an eclectic blend of
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1240:. As these bi-weekly magazines became popular, they evolved into weekly and then semiweekly publications. Initial circulation began at 10,000 copies, eventually exceeding 100,000. By 1950, other publishers entered the industry, and general magazines began devoting special issues to comics. Additionally, translated U.S. comics became increasingly common. While many of these publishers faced various challenges and industry fluctuations, Roces and his family would remain a dominant figure in the comic book industry for decades.
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1987:
monopoly, numerous independent publishing houses have emerged. Their owners often derive their primary income from mass media or academia and frequently are creators themselves. These publishers maintain close connections with their fan base, nurturing a niche community. General bookstores in the
Philippines primarily focus on foreign publications, placing domestic comic books at a disadvantage in terms of sales and distribution. Consequently, independent publishers view comic conventions as vital channels for sales.
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than newsstands. In 2007, the company embarked on an unsuccessful venture into mass-market weekly comic books, setting filmmaker and writer Carlo
Caparas as a spokesperson. Caparas himself promoted Philippine comics through initiatives such as establishing awards for new creators and organizing the Artist Training Caravan to bolster the local comics scene. He also initiated the National Komiks Congress and the Komiks Caravan with support from the
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830:
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disappearance of works depicting poverty or social unrest from their pages. Although the
Philippines had previously enjoyed an exceptional level of freedom for political satire among Southeast Asian countries, political cartoonists critical of the government began to be ostracized. Newspaper and magazines under Marcos' influence carried humorous cartoons devoid of political commentary, fostering a flourishing of the genre.
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family-oriented nature. Martinez notes that readers prefer light-hearted tales with optimistic endings. These stories frequently portrayed characters such as a compassionate prostitute, a daughter sacrificing herself for her family, or a woman deceived by her lover, with the protagonist ultimately prevailing and finding happiness. Queer genres, such as
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1384:, nude photos, and occasional political messages. Despite facing condemnation from religious and feminist groups, bomba magazines remained popular until they were forced underground following intensified enforcement measures during martial law from 1972 onwards. Developmental comics, published by public agencies, aimed to raise awareness about
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publishing houses PSG (1964) and RAR (1970) releasing several weekly titles. However, many new entrants into the comic book industry often faced instability, partly due to the sluggish
Philippine economy. Larry Alcala reflected on this period, noting that overproduction led to a decline in quality, marking the end of the golden age.
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Furthermore, the departure of top artists for other industries or overseas opportunities, combined with outdated printing and binding techniques, contributed to the industry's struggles. To address the downturn in the market, comic book publishers employed various strategies, including the integration of
Japanese
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acknowledged his practice of alternating between artistically oriented projects and those based on comics that appeal to existing audiences. Beside direct adaptations, some
Filmmakers provided original story for comic magazines, later releasing film adaptations coinciding with the climax of the comic
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to visit the
Philippines to scout for new talent at moderate rates. This initiative resulted in a significant outflux of Filipino artists, including Alex Niño, Nestor Redondo and Alfredo Alcala. Renowned for their drawing proficiency, speed, and diverse artistic range, Filipino artists became a major
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enjoyed by both children and adults. Marked by ornate, baroque illustrations drawn in thick lines, Philippine comics peaked in popularity as a national pastime during the 1980s. They also served as source material for movies, as well as for promoting government initiatives. However, by the end of the
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exists, which had a small fanbase before 2015, but has drastically grown since the 2020's and transformed into its own sub-genre of Pinoy BL. New generations of queer comic authors, most of which are queer themselves, have focused on creating books to introduce people to the LGBTQIA+ world, covering
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Filipino language, geography, and culture often merged with
American and Japanese influences in various works. While U.S. superheroes typically operate in settings where superhuman abilities arise from innate qualities or are obtained through scientific means and training, the powers of traditional
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Comic books were sold through newsstands. It is estimated that each copy was read by six to ten individuals due to the accessibility of street lending shops and the practice of sharing within families and among neighbors. A significant proportion of the readership was adult, particularly low-income
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for fans of subcultures such as comics, anime, and video games have become regular events throughout the
Philippines. These conventions serve as vital platforms for indie artists to distribute their works. Online fan activities have thrived, enabling greater exposure to international influences and
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The
Japanese government actively promoted manga as a cultural export in the Philippines as in other Asian nations. The reception of Japanese manga has sparked controversial, mirroring debates in other nations. Alanguilan has criticized Filipino professional manga artists for adopting styles closely
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The popularity or Philippine comics reached its peak in the 1980s, marked by the publication of 47 weekly comic books and a total circulation of 2.5 to 3 million copies by the mid-1980s. The actual readership far exceeded these figures due to the conventionalized sharing of copies among friends and
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The 1970s presented multiple challenges for the Philippine comics industry. Alongside losing talent to the higher-paying American counterpart, the industry faced criticism from the administration and the Catholic Church regarding perceived 'harmful' content, not to mention economic recession. While
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When the Ace Publication went bankrupt in 1963 following a printers' strike, creators who had contributed the company ventured into their own business endeavors. Velasquez managed GASI (Graphic Arts Services Incorporated) with Roces' support. Pablo Gomez and Mars Ravelo established their respective
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Most Pinoy manga, Filipino comics influenced by Japanese manga, are printed in color and cover a wide range of themes, gaining particularly popularity among women aged 8 to 25. Manga publishers focus on middle and high-school students, as publications tailored to this age group were limited in the
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The passing of industry titan Ramon Roces in 1993 signaled a pivotal moment. Following his death, Roces family-owned businesses either folded or discontinued comics publication entirely. Many argue that Philippine comics died during this period. As one critic noted, "When the Roces comics monopoly
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Traditional comic books experienced a decline in the 1990s and have since evolved into modernized forms with updated content and binding, targeting university students and affluent urban residents. The readership now predominantly consists of males. Following the dissolution of the Roces family's
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Comics are increasingly acknowledged as an art form, with frequent retrospectives honoring early artists like Ravelo and Coching. In 2010, a bill was introduced for a graphic novel archiving project. Comic creation is now being integrated into university curricula, and student groups are actively
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As new developments unfolded, efforts to revive traditional Filipino comics were also underway. Mango Comics rebooted old superheroes like Darna, Lastikman, and Captain Barbell around 2003. Targeting a higher-income demographic, Mango opted to distribute through comic book specialty stores rather
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standing out as a prominent example that remained popular for over a decade. Additionally, these comics books featured crossword puzzles, short gags, letter sections, advertisements, and prose sections covering topics such as celebrity gossip, biographies, and life hacks. The title of comics was
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and video game aesthetics into children's titles and the incorporation of adult humor. These measures offered only temporary respite. Some of the longest-running titles in the world, notably the initial four founded by Tony Velasquez around 1950, which collectively amassed 11,500 issues, ceased
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vernacular as a term meaning "someone who is boisterously hilarious, funny or amusing", and the character persisted in comics and visual media well into the 21st century. Velasquez has come to be called "father of Filipino comics," partly due to his role as a publisher in later years, providing
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in the U.S. comics industry, the Association of Publishers and Editors of Philippine Comics-Magazines (APEPCOM) was formed, spearheaded by Ace. Collaborating with the Catholic Church, APEPCOM implemented a self-regulatory code aimed at excluding "filth harmful to morals," such as explicit sex,
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had gained popularity among expanding television audience of the middle class. However, the momentum of the anime boom was hindered when the Marcos administration banned these series, though the reasons for these restrictions remain debated. In the late 1980s, following a regime change, anime
1269:, sold in supermarkets and bookstores, were primarily consumed by the middle classes, homegrown comics were embraced by the common people. Most creators did not hail from the intellectual elite either. Due to the shared pool of writers, Filipino comics inherited the characteristic of didactic
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Romance comics had become a dominant genre by the 1990s, comprising more than half of the stories published in popular magazines as indicated by a 1992 survey. Comics editor Emmanuel Martinez suggests that Filipinos are particularly drawn to love stories due to their romantic, emotional, and
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In the 1990s, economic instability, political turmoil, and natural disasters strained family finances, resulted in sharp decline in comic book sales. Concurrently, new forms of entertainment including television, video games, the Internet, and foreign comics, further intensified competition.
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was an influential artist who left a lasting impact on his contemporaries starting from the 1950s, earning the nickname "Dean of Filipino Komiks Illustration." Alanguilan praised his "bold and frenetic" brushwork, noting that his figures "seemed to move even when they were standing still."
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to align with a pro-regime stance. The administration recognized the significant influence of comics on public opinion and published comics to promote its policies, while establishing The Media Advisory Council to regulate the content of comics. The comics industry complied, leading to a
2154:, many traditional romance comics depicted protagonists undergoing an overnight transformation from "overaged babies, thumb sucking men and women, , and effeminate man" into proud and confident individuals "deeply conscious of their sexuality" through the power of love. Carlo Vergara's
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During the 2000s, comic publishing styles diversified, with more artists taking on works from non-comic or international publishers, alongside the trend of self-publishing. The latter facilitated the creation of a broader range of works. In the late 2000s, Alanguilan self-published
1613:, a Filipino immigrant who had achieved success in America. Portacio made regular visits to his home country in the early 1990s, engaging with and mentoring local artists, including the Alamat group. The studio Portacio founded in Manila has nurtured talents such as Alanguilan and
2073:, in which a young girl is bullied by her stepmother. By the 1980s, melodramatic narratives infused with themes of sex, violence, and class inequality gained prominence. Despite the male dominance in the industry, this genre was contributed to by many female writers including
1993:, primarily comprising Western works and English-language Japanese ones, are widely accessible in general bookstores. This relatively new publishing format encompasses a diverse range of content, including anthologies, reprints of serialized works, and newly created comics.
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The evolution of comics culture has facilitated a surge in female creators. In the past, comic artists operated within an apprenticeship-like dynamic, often excluding women. However, with the rise of a new generation influenced by Western comics and manga such as
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Besides these mainstream genres, Philippine comics explored a wide range of themes, including news, politics, agriculture, biography, history, and sports. Some stories depicted dramas revolving around ordinary people based on reader-submitted narratives.
2742:, which portrayed revolt against oppression, was deemed dangerous; others argue it was part of a clampdown on non-state broadcasting stations; while some attribute it to pressure from Catholic women's groups advocating against the depiction of violence.
2238:-wearing" Filipino public, comic books proved to be suitable source material for films, with approximately 30–40% of major studio releases in 1986 being comic book adaptations. These adaptations covered a variety of genres, including melodramas,
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fell in the late 1990s, it took everything with it." Although comics publishing persisted, the dissolution of the Roces distribution network significantly diminished the industry and compelled a shift in publishing style. Many artists opted for
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The traditional format of Philippine comic book was firmly established by the 1990s. These books typically spanned 32 to 48 pages in color and were priced at 17 to 20 U.S. cents. Each weekly issue consisted of several short stories
1218:, influenced by the abundance of comics in American soldiers' garrisons. Unlike the single-story format common in the U.S., these Filipino periodicals were typically anthologies ranging from 36 to 45 pages. Leading this trend was
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adopted manga-style illustrations. These creations by Filipino artists, dubbed "Pinoy manga," marked an era of "comics, komiks, and manga" (works in the American, Filipino, and Japanese styles). Notable Pinoy manga works include
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horror, and criminal activities, from their works. Consequently, Filipino comics would persist in avoiding offensive or vulgar humor until the 21st century, predominantly focusing on simple humor and political satire.
1924:, independent comics by female artists have become more common. Despite the persistent male dominance in the comics landscape of the 2020s, events like Komiket actively empower and support women's creative pursuits.
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creating new avenues for publication. Several platforms originating in the Philippines, such as Penlab, Webkom Alliance, and Kudlis, allow amateurs to publish webcomics. Some artists have found recognition on Korean
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20th century, public interest began to wane, with alternative forms of entertainment such as television and the Internet taking precedence, leading to the decline of nationally distributed comic books. Subsequently,
1304:, a World War II guerrilla fighter, established the indigenous style of Philippine comics with his dynamic and intricate drawings. Nicknamed "the Dean of Philippine comics," Coching was posthumously honored with a
2022:, a comic artist known for his efforts in reprinting and popularizing vintage comics, Filipino comic artists were significantly influenced by American illustrators renowned for their exquisite artwork, such as
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by Tony Velasquez. These works, subject to censorship by the Japanese Propaganda Corps, promoted assimilation programs such as Japanese language education and suggested ways to address shortages in supplies.
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often straightforward, employing everyday objects, the main character's name (in accordance with the Filipino convention of "characteristic + first name"), or wordplay based on the name of a celebrity.
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several weaker publishers succumbed to these pressures, companies such as GASI and Atlas, owned by Ramon Roces, continued to thrive. GASI's circulation and revenues quadrupled between 1975 and 1978.
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genre focusing on the lived experiences of the Filipino queer community have become popular in the country in recent years, while queer comic festivals have become mainstream every Pride Month.
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from popular literatures. Initially serving as a means of escapism from reality, comics evolved over time, with stories growing more sophisticated and diverse genres emerging through the 1980s.
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extensively explored Filipino mythology, revitalizing the fantasy genre that had been heavily influenced by American superhero comics. By around 2020, commercial works increasingly incorporate
1224:, a short-lived weekly publication launched by Tony Velasquez in 1946. Subsequently, in 1947, Ramon Roces established Ace Publications, appointing Velasquez as editor-in-chief. Ace introduced
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in the 1940s and 1950s, drawing from the tradition of Philippine popular fiction, set the prevailing tone of Philippine comics. Mars Ravelo, one of the genre's most renowned writers, created
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genre, often selling them at campus festivals. Alamat Comics, founded in 1994 as a small convention for independent creators to connect, eventually expanded to formally publish works such as
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debuted, showcasing high-quality manga-inspired works. Although the magazine did not last long due to financial difficulties, its popularity spurred the emergence of followers such as
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6070:"Competing with the Television: The Decline of the Philippine Comics Magazines Industry in the Nineties under the Lenses of Media Displacement Theory through Functional Equivalence"
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The 21st century continues to witness film adaptations of both older classics and more recent comics. Among classics adapted into television series in the 2000s are Mars Ravelo's
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myths. The genre reached its peak in the 1970s with the works of Pablo Gomez and Carlo Caparas, and by 1980, fantasy narratives were present in around 70% of all comic magazines.
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fostering emerging comic book artists. While circulation numbers may not reach previous highs, the comics culture is experiencing a resurgence in the 21st century. Comics with
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John A. Lent posited that the Philippine comics tradition has "the strongest audience appeal, best-known cartooning geniuses, and most varied comics content" in Asia after
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1094:, the short comic swiftly expanded to occupy a full-color page, then advanced into the magazine's various language editions. The moniker "Kenkoy" was ingrained into the
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2294:(2005). As of 2016, Darna has been featured 13 films, three TV dramas, an animated TV series, and even ballet performances. Film adaptations of recent comics include
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presence in American comics. However, as reader preferences shifted in the 1980s, many Filipino artists transitioned to alternative career paths, such as animation.
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As the first Filipino to ever do illustrations for comic book juggernauts Marvel and DC comics, De Zuniga is dubbed the 'Father of Filipino Invasion in US Comics.'
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From their inception, comics faced criticism from conservative and religious groups due to perceived lowbrow content. In 1954, following the establishment of the
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2372:, have included a category for graphic literature since 1999. Below is a list of awarded artists and works up to 2024, excluding awards given to anthologies.
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Gutierrez, Anna Katrina (2014). "American superheroes, manga cuteness and the Filipino child: the emergence of glocal Philippine comics and picturebooks".
1316:, a single-panel comic strip series portraying daily life in the Philippines without dialogue. Alcala was also bestowed with the title of National Artist.
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Santos, Kristine Michelle L.; Cheng Chua, Karl Ian (2022). "Flirting with gender purrspectives: Contemporary women's activist comics in the Philippines".
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who once produced 36 works (typically 4 pages each) on a weekly basis, while another artist completed 19 works per week with assistance for the pen work.
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elements, such as space adventures, organ transplants, cloning, and test-tube babies, were often featured. Additionally, works imitating hit movies like
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and were reported for their impact on population control. Comics were also utilized as a tool for government public relations. During the presidency of
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1380:" and "developmental comics" are genres unique to the Philippines that emerged in the 1960s. Bomba comics, published by ephemeral publishers, featured
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The 1990s also witnessed a surge in influence from Japanese manga and anime. This trend can be traced back to the 1970s when anime titles such as
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Traditional Filipino comics draw inspiration not only from U.S. comic book arts but also from pen-drawn magazine illustrations, such as those by
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Sagun, Karryl Kim Abella; Luyt, Brendan (2020). "The industry avengers: An analysis of contemporary comic book publishers in the Philippines".
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Tony DeZuniga recollected that Filipino artists at the time had received 50 cents per page in the Philippines, whereas DC Comics had paid $ 12.
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De Vera, Denise Angela; Arong, Marie Rose (2019). "Cracking the Filipino sequence: two factors that shaped contemporary Philippine komiks".
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Traditional Philippine comics had maintained a close association with the film industry. Tailored to the preference and aspirations of the "
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According to comics scholar Cheng Chua, there are multiple perspectives regarding Marcos' ban of Anime: some suggest that the storyline of
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in January 1942. Japanese military authorities enforced a ban on local newspapers, while utilizing Roces family-owned publications such as
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5972:. Global manga studies (in Japanese). Translated by 西原麻里. Kyoto Seika University International Manga Research Center. pp. 159–179.
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tends to be viewed indecent as well. Positive portrayals of homosexuality are rare in mainstream media. According to comics scholar
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1140:. Amidst the pressures of westernization, such pseudo-historical adventures continued to captivate audiences in the Philippines.
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2038:. Alanguilan characterizes the Philippine art style as "classical and romantic, delineated by luscious and graceful brushwork."
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from Japan to the Philippines, some works featuring Japanese protagonists were illustrated by Filipino artists and published in
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Cheng Chua, Karl Ian; Santos, Kristine Michelle L. (2015). "Pinoy Manga in Philippine Komiks". In Brienza, Casey (ed.).
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Filipino comics experienced a golden age during the 1950s, as affordable comic books became widely available at street
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6135:(1981). "Philippine Popular Culture: Dimensions and Directions. The State of Research in Philippine Popular Culture".
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representation in comics. The work garnered attention from both the general public and academia and paved the way for
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1030:, extensively criticized both the colonial powers and the local government through cartoons. Early political cartoons
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Flores, Emil Francis M. (2013). "Up in the Sky, Feet on the Ground: Cultural Identity in Filipino Superhero Komiks".
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2108:, have recently enjoyed a rise in popularity especially after the rise of queer motion-picture series in the 2020's.
913:. These early comics were deeply rooted in Western styles and formats, yet they possessed a distinctive character as
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6849:"Localising Japanese Popular Culture in the Philippines: Transformative Translations of Japan's Cultural Industry"
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1783:. However, it wasn't until the late 1990s that anime truly permeated the general public. The popular comedy show
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series (2010, 2012, 2013), in which the protagonist solves paranormal cases bridging the otherworld and our own.
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https://www.pep.ph/news/local/173589/pinoy-bl-series-overview-a4113-20230601-lfrm2?s=5b44vqbi8cv8fdrlct415pfd9a
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https://www.pep.ph/news/local/173589/pinoy-bl-series-overview-a4113-20230601-lfrm2?s=5b44vqbi8cv8fdrlct415pfd9a
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Cheng Chua, Karl Ian Uy; Santos, Kristine Michelle (2014). "フィリピン・コミックスの"死"について". In Berndt, Jaqueline (ed.).
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1606:. Mango Comics and other publishers also emerged, signifying a generational change in comic book publishing.
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These superheroes were inspired by American characters. Darna was conceived as a female Filipino version of
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1949:), each running four pages in length. During the 1970s, each magazine featured signature long serials, with
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Cheng Chue, Karl Ian U. (2005). "The Stories They Tell: Komiks during the Japanese Occupation, 1942-1944".
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2014:. The iconic character Darna, created by Mars Ravelo, was influenced by the works of Peruvian illustrator
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Fermin, Tricia Abigail Santos (2015). "女性の快楽のためのコミュニティーを作り出す—フィリピンでのやおい・BLコンベンションを事例として". In 大城房美 (ed.).
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In the 2010s, comics further diversified in content and publication formats. Since the establishment of
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2499:(2014), featuring the world's brightest little girl, who confronts love problems and a military crisis.
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Japanese subculture captivated a younger generation distinct from traditional comics readers. In 2000,
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1896:. Veteran artists including Pol Medina Jr. have ventured into online publishing and monetization. The
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Tony DeZuniga (pictured in 2011) has made a name for himself in the U.S. as a prolific comic artist.
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Action and fantasy also have long been popular in Philippine comics. In 1950s, Ravelo introduced
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2566:(2018), drawing parallels between the Philippine creation myth and the romantic drama of humans.
2160:(2003), a gay man who transforms into a female superhero, marked a significant breakthrough in
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6651:"Filipino Creators the World Knows: The Will Eisner Comic Book Industry Winners and Nominees"
8323:
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2019:
1968:
1888:
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1603:
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1504:
1051:
996:
As in many countries, commercial cartooning in the Philippines originated with single-panel
963:
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391:
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265:
112:
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5028:
4894:
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2219:
2113:
2097:
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2031:
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emerged as a viable alternative to the traditional weekly comic books. Notable works like
1699:, a social drama featuring intelligent chickens, earning a nomination for the prestigious
1652:
1610:
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1220:
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477:
334:
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987:, with one notable example being his 1885 illustrated rendition of the Filipino folktale
2850:
2179:
both differences and similarities to the heterosexual mainstream. Notable works include
1300:
During this era, many artists emerged who would shape the history of Philippine comics.
829:
8359:
7908:
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7842:
7799:
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7729:
7504:
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7294:
6981:
5359:"LAYAG! PINOY BL COMICS: Get to Know Some of our BL Comic Creators in the Philippines!"
5179:"LAYAG! PINOY BL COMICS: Get to Know Some of our BL Comic Creators in the Philippines!"
4876:"LAYAG! PINOY BL COMICS: Get to Know Some of our BL Comic Creators in the Philippines!"
2356:
2078:
2035:
2023:
2015:
1836:
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6903:"Philippine Comics" The most comprehensive library of Filipino comics on the internet.
1793:, evoking memories of the military regime and contributing to anime's broader appeal.
8394:
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1990:
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2488:(2014), a tale of a man reborn as a cannibalistic demon in the pre-Christianity era.
2195:, while various queer comic anthologies have also been published in last few years.
1747:
have been released in book form by mainstream publishers. Vergara's queer superhero
1524:, and infused subtle political satire into his cartoons featuring his rat character
7876:
7859:
7822:
7557:
7415:
7370:
7093:
7088:
7040:
6966:
3618:"Tony DeZuniga, First of the Filipino Comics Wave, November 8th, 1941—May 11, 2012"
2263:
2215:
2074:
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1473:
1361:
1309:
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354:
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was awarded an Eisner Award in 2003 for his contribution to the U.S. comic series
1751:, created in 2002, gained widespread popularity, leading to its adaptation into a
1469:
1353:
95:
6233:
5512:
2847:"Comics Crash: A Survey of Filipino Comics and its Quest for Cultural Legitimacy"
2412:
series (2002, 2013), in which a gay man transforms into a beautiful superheroine.
8118:
7794:
7103:
7057:
7013:
6998:
6893:
Original comic fable "The Monkey and the Tortoise" illustrated by Dr. José Rizal
6865:
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2243:
2143:
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1976:
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902:
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426:
217:
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91:
6386:"Brief Highlights of Philippine Comics Post-Martial Law (1980s to Present Day)"
5373:"Beki lingo refresher? This Filipino comic book creator can help you with that"
5193:"Beki lingo refresher? This Filipino comic book creator can help you with that"
4890:"Beki lingo refresher? This Filipino comic book creator can help you with that"
4416:"Celebrating 120 Years of Komiks From the Philippines II: The Future of Komiks"
4105:"Celebrating 120 Years of Komiks From the Philippines I: The History of Komiks"
2510:(2015), a philosophical humor series featuring indigenous mythological beings;
1588:
In the 1990s, a new trend emerged as artists began to self-publish photocopied
1399:
In the 1970s, Filipino artists began penetrating the U.S. market, pioneered by
1089:
17:
8342:
7499:
7121:
7083:
6961:
6525:
Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies
5783:"Comics master Alex Niño comes out of retirement to remind us how great he is"
2641:
2637:
2351:
2302:
2130:
1434:
1215:
993:, which featured a combination of words and pictures akin to modern cartoons.
906:
488:
457:
202:
6536:
3658:
2793:. University of the Philippines Institute of Creative Writing. Archived from
1368:
Regulation under the Dictatorship, Outflow of Talent to the U.S.: 1960s–1970s
7552:
6986:
6474:
6268:
2308:
2066:
1802:
1593:
1589:
1416:
1404:
1329:
1270:
1035:
914:
586:
133:
8354:
6496:
Reyes, Soledad S. (2009). "The Komiks and Retelling the Lore of the Folk".
6162:
Fernandez, Doreen G. (1983). "Philippine-American Culltural Interaction ".
2247:
serialization, featuring actors resembling the characters from the comics.
1609:
Many young artists were inspired to break into American comics industry by
1532:
in 1986, yet satirical cartoons did not regain their former prominence, as
6881:
6461:
Reyes, Soledad S. (1997). "The Philippine "Komiks": Text as Containment".
1396:
to surrender, camouflaged as romance stories, and distributed nationwide.
1102:
During the 1930s, Filipino comics heavily mirrored American comic strips.
8138:
7527:
7148:
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2709:
2385:
2278:
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associated with Japanese cultural identity, labeling them as "Filipino".
1808:
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1337:
1333:
1211:
1197:
1059:
931:
237:
6068:
De Nobili, Lou Brad N.; Taguba, Phillip Daniele; Tayag, Olivier (2021).
4940:"Filipino Komiks and Japanese Sex Tourism: Joe Gatchalian's Clone Woman"
1536:
increasingly excluded content deemed detrimental to business interests.
1251:), gradually supplanting literary magazines. While American titles like
7050:
7028:
6707:
6326:
2347:
2296:
1907:
1893:
1884:
976:
242:
181:
6566:. Comics in Southeast Asia: Social and Political Interpretations (16).
5944:. Comics in Southeast Asia: Social and Political Interpretations (16).
2531:(2016), a colorful, wordless depiction of a treasure hunt in the dark.
2142:
In the Philippines, where the majority of the population is Catholic,
7765:
7724:
7442:
6938:
6853:
Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies
6691:
3989:
3987:
2398:(2000), a lyrical science fiction set in the near future Philippines.
2389:
2169:
2061:
2055:
1148:
1129:
1124:
1107:
1076:
1001:
381:
369:
125:
4909:
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4905:
2053:
Filipino comics originated in the 1930s with humorous works such as
6164:
Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
5628:"Trese, Sixty-Six, 14: 7 Philippine Graphic Novels You Should Read"
4735:
4733:
4688:
4686:
2588:(2023), a historical adventure set in the 18th century Philippines.
1392:
in the late 1980s, comics were used to disseminate messages urging
1312:
left a lasting legacy with his 56-year career, notably through his
7753:
7143:
6892:
5404:"Black Ink Brings You 6 Best-Selling BL Manga Novels - LionhearTV"
4280:
4278:
4276:
4028:
4026:
3558:
3556:
3057:
3055:
3053:
2983:
2981:
2520:(2020), a comic strip series that tackles the absurdities of life.
2447:
2259:
2249:
2235:
1902:
1711:
1558:
1321:
1133:
891:
814:
364:
64:
5924:(4). National Book Development Board: 40–53. 2019. Archived from
4765:"Penlab Philippines: An Online Platform for Comics and Creatives"
1083:, who was 18 years old at the time, by commission from publisher
5836:
Alanguilan, Gerry (2011). "The Indian". In Gravett, Paul (ed.).
4136:"55 Balete: The studio where Pinoy comic book legends were made"
3715:"Meet the winners of the 2022 Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards"
2174:
2161:
2105:
2059:, followed by the popularity of historical heroic tales such as
1929:
8236:
Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
6911:
5141:
5139:
5137:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4598:
3076:"'Kenkoy' and proud of it: Feting the Father of Pinoy 'Komiks'"
6802:
Cultural Excavation and Formal Expression in the Graphic Novel
6702:. Center for Integrated Area Studies, Kyoto University: 8–16.
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4214:"Filipino comic book legend Whilce Portacio at MEFCC in Dubai"
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3125:
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2204:
Filipino heroes often stem from faith. Characters like Darna,
6821:
The First One Hundred Years of Philippine Komiks and Cartoons
6321:(English, Kindle ed.). University Press of Mississippi.
5812:"OFFICIAL LIST: The Winners of the 41st National Book Awards"
5432:"Queer Filipino Komiks You Should Read ASAP - when in Manila"
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
1042:, a slipper-wearing common man introduced by Jorge Pineda in
4528:
4526:
4445:
4443:
4441:
2542:(2016), a metafictional adventure spanning multiple stories.
1520:, among those blacklisted, evaded censorship by joining the
1214:, Filipino publishers began to adopt the format of American
551:
6664:(4). National Book Development Board: 12–21. Archived from
6399:(4). National Book Development Board: 24–31. Archived from
6035:
David, Karina Constantino (1993). "主人公の変容". In 寺見元恵 (ed.).
5884:(4). National Book Development Board: 56–59. Archived from
5714:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5687:"REVIEW: Kikomachine Komix Blg. 12: Mandirigima ng Tadhana"
5609:
5607:
5605:
5592:
5590:
5577:
5575:
2849:. Institute of Creative Writing, UP Diliman. Archived from
6840:
A History of Komiks of the Philippines and Other Countries
6600:(4). National Book Development Board: 1–10. Archived from
5418:"MIBF 2019: A guide to the local queer books you can find"
3657:. Continuum International Publishing Group. Archived from
3110:
3108:
1099:
numerous creators with a platform to publish their works.
6907:
6560:"Book Review— Kubori Kikiam: Strips for the Soul Omnibus"
5534:"39th National Book Awards Nomination/Selection Criteria"
3543:
3541:
2577:(2020), a portrayal of life during the COVID-19 pandemic.
1964:
women, which distinguished it from the U.S. counterpart.
1079:, a Filipino trying to imitate Americans. Illustrated by
1075:(Misadventures of Kenkoy), the strip was centered around
6587:"Mapping the Landscape of Philippine Graphic Literature"
6189:
Fondevilla, Herb (2007). "Contemplating the Identity of
4705:
4703:
4701:
4366:"Gerry Alanguilan, Writer, Artist and Inker, Dead at 51"
3528:
3526:
3312:
3310:
27:"Komiks" redirects here. For the television series, see
5064:
5062:
4819:"In 'komiks,' 'being a woman is an edge, a superpower'"
4720:
4718:
4084:(Interview). Interviewed by Spurgeon, Tom. Tom Spurgeon
1403:, a Filipino immigrant based in New York. Recruited by
5257:
5255:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3152:
3150:
2944:
2942:
2319:
commemorated Philippine comics by issuing a series of
1834:. Superhero comic publisher Mango Comics launched the
975:
Some believe that the origin of indigenous Philippine
6290:
Lent, John A. (1998). "Comic Art in the Philippine".
3457:
3455:
1034:
the nation as "Filipinas", a naive maiden courted by
4236:"Pinoy comic artist invested $ 12 to land dream job"
4005:
3993:
3403:
968:
Ang Pagong at ang Matsing or Si Pagong at si Matsing
8274:
8226:
8180:
8173:
8152:
8072:
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7944:
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6696:
CIAS discussion paper No.60: たたかうヒロイン:混成アジア映画研究2015
4543:
4541:
2900:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFCheng_ChueSantos2014 (
2787:"From Sidewalks to Cyberspace: A History of Komiks"
1867:to elevate awareness of comics within the country.
1806:capitalized on the popularity of video game series
1437:titles. In 1971, DeZuniga recommended DC publisher
101:
75:
51:
43:
38:
3686:creator is a hero for Filipino comic book artists"
2553:(2017), a nostalgic story set in a fantastic city.
1879:Works by Filipino artists are sold at conventions.
1640:became a pioneer in the Philippine comics revival.
926:flourished, and comics communities formed through
8251:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
6736:"シンポジウム「マンガとアジア」第1部 MANGAが女性化する⁉ ― フィリピンを中心として".
4493:"【ジャパニーズ・サブカルチャー × フィリピン】なぜ「ボルテスV」は 国民的アニメになったのか"
4414:Kean, Benjamin Ong Pang Kean (October 21, 2006).
4309:"ESSAY: The Plate Tectonics of Philippine Comics"
4103:Kean, Benjamin Ong Pang Kean (October 19, 2006).
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
1844:. Even longstanding children's magazines such as
6746:Japan Society for Studies in Cartoons and Comics
5011:
4739:
4692:
4284:
4188:"How Gerry Alanguilan changed Philippine comics"
4056:
4044:
4032:
4017:
3574:
3240:
3099:
3061:
2987:
2960:
2895:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2514:(2016), a comedy set in the media industry; and
1617:, both of whom have subsequently contributed to
1163:for propaganda. American comic strips including
979:can be traced back to the independence activist
8050:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
5757:"FULL LIST: Winners, 40th National Book Awards"
3355:"Filipino comics are more than laughing matter"
2384:(1999), in which ethnography students confront
1789:played a significant role in this by featuring
8241:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
8129:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
6762:Global Manga: 'Japanese' Comics without Japan?
3688:. Filquest Media Concepts, Inc. Archived from
3511:. National Commission for Culture and the Arts
3477:. National Commission for Culture and the Arts
3475:"Order of National Artists: Francisco Coching"
6923:
6628:Activism and Authoritarian Governance in Asia
6317:Lent, John A. (2015). "10. The Philippines".
4486:
4484:
4482:
4315:. Mile High Comics/Comicon.com. April 7, 2022
2429:Profiles of contemporary Philippine history;
852:
511:
8:
5022:
5020:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
1910:in 2021, attracted international attention.
1865:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
1771:experienced a resurgence with the airing of
1544:The Decline of the Industry: The 1980s–1990s
934:provided a new avenue for publishing works.
5938:"Educational Komiks: Shifting Perspectives"
5456:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
2421:(2003), a reboot of the 60-year-old series.
1046:. Noteworthy painters of this era, such as
8289:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
8177:
8087:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
7950:
7648:
7355:
7164:
6930:
6916:
6908:
5499:
5053:
4963:
4626:
4589:
4577:
4532:
4517:
4449:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3391:
3228:
3216:
3204:
3192:
2871:
2456:Budjette Tan, Bow Guerrero, and J.B. Tapia
1592:, predominantly within the American-style
1320:introduced the iconic Filipino superhero,
905:trace back to the early 20th century, and
859:
845:
529:
518:
504:
121:
35:
8284:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
8198:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
6864:
6838:Roxas, Cynthia; Arevalo, Joaquin (1985).
6463:Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science
6257:Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science
5718:
5651:
5613:
5596:
5581:
5566:
5554:
5444:
4999:
4987:
4975:
4491:Cheng Chua, Karl Ian Uy (June 20, 2022).
4161:"Remembering Gerry Alanguilan, 1968-2019"
4078:"A Short Interview With Gerry Alanguilan"
3415:
3328:
3316:
3114:
3031:Sembrano, Edgar Alan M. (April 8, 2019).
1472:(pictured in 2021) was inducted into the
1067:in the Philippines, introduced its first
8246:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
5838:1001 Comics You Must Read Before You Die
5806:
5804:
5751:
5749:
4461:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3547:
3532:
2610:(2024), a tale of vengeance by the dead.
2346:
1874:
1795:
1283:
1054:, were also known for their cartooning.
946:
5734:. National Book Development Board. 2022
5732:"THE 39TH NATIONAL BOOK AWARDS WINNERS"
4812:
4810:
3005:De Vera, Ruel S. (September 17, 2011).
2754:
2701:
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757:
672:
626:
561:
541:
444:
250:
194:
173:
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124:
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6255:Lent, John A. (1997). "Introduction".
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6103:(in Japanese). 青戸社. pp. 188–195.
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6039:(in Japanese). めこん. pp. 100–128.
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5469:Alanguilan, Gerry (February 7, 2005).
5325:
5234:
4842:
4751:
4641:"The Filipino Comics Artist and Manga"
4216:. Galadari Printing and Publishing LLC
4186:De Vera, Ruel S. (December 29, 2019).
3461:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3337:
2604:Mike Alcazaren, A. J. Bernardo, et al.
8104:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
6847:Santos, Kristine Michelle L. (2019).
6842:. Islas Filipinas Publishing Company.
6558:Santos, Kristine Michelle L. (2014).
5313:
5289:"Zhe's Back And Ready For Ztreaming!"
5222:
5104:
5092:
5080:
5068:
5027:MacDonald, Heidi (October 26, 2006).
4801:
4789:
4724:
4709:
4677:
4639:Alanguilan, Gerry (August 11, 2006).
4473:
4076:Alanguilan, Alan (October 14, 2006).
3770:
3758:
3379:
3301:
3289:
3180:
3168:
3156:
3141:
3074:De Vera, Ruel S. (October 25, 2020).
2972:
2815:
1574:, who reprinted his newspaper serial
7:
8055:Comics solicited but never published
6898:"Kenkoy kick-started komiks" article
6781:Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics
6432:(in Japanese). めこん. pp. 74–99.
6222:Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics
5840:. Cassell Illustrated. p. 166.
5246:
5145:
5128:
5116:
4925:
4913:
4665:
4614:
4401:
4267:
3978:
3951:
3939:
3914:
3893:
3872:
3847:
3809:
3797:
3785:
3746:
3616:Ringgenberg, Steven (May 18, 2012).
3598:
3586:
3562:
3446:
3427:
3277:
3252:
3129:
2948:
2933:
2921:
2883:
2761:
2597:Ang Mga Alitaptap ng Pulang Buhangin
2189:Nang Mainlove Ako sa Isang Sakristan
2168:by LGBTQIA+ artists. Furthermore, a
1324:. Ravelo's other creations, such as
8375:
8203:Australian Cartoonists' Association
8193:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
6428:(1993). "庶民の心を映す鏡". In 寺見元恵 (ed.).
5665:"38th National Book Awards Winners"
4817:De Vera, Ruel S. (March 29, 2022).
4555:. September 9, 2007. Archived from
4549:"The enlightenment of Elmer Damaso"
4212:Abante, Kristine (April 14, 2016).
3495:
2462:(2014), a demon-battling adventure.
1967:Most comic books were published in
1411:in 1970, DeZuniga would create the
1004:. Magazines and newspapers such as
909:gained widespread readership after
6195:International Journal of Comic Art
6074:TALA: An Online Journal of History
5626:Andas, Christine (June 28, 2022).
4006:De Nobili, Taguba & Tayag 2021
3994:De Nobili, Taguba & Tayag 2021
3404:De Nobili, Taguba & Tayag 2021
2716:, while Lastikman was inspired by
2615:Russell L. Molina, Ace C. Enriquez
2497:Rodski Patotski: Ang Dalagang Baby
1755:and a musical theater production.
983:. Rizal privately created several
25:
6692:"脱アメリカ的正義の模索:フィリピンのスーパーヒロイン「ダルナ」"
6384:Or, Elbert; Tan, Charles (2019).
5911:"The National Book Award Winners"
5871:"Roadmap to the Future of Komiks"
5814:. National Book Development Board
5667:. National Book Development Board
5536:. National Book Development Board
4938:Holmberg, Ryan (March 15, 2013).
4134:Holmes, Anton (January 7, 2020).
3649:Duncan, Randy; Smith, Matthew J.
2323:. The featured artworks included
2138:Sexual and Gender Representations
1826:by the same publisher, alongside
943:Origin: 19th Century–World War II
8374:
8365:
8364:
8353:
8341:
8304:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
8218:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
8119:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
6880:
5936:Cheng Chua, Karl Ian Uy (2014).
4334:Lim, Ronald S. (July 16, 2011).
2845:Flores, Emil M. (May 16, 2008).
2785:Flores, Emil (August 20, 2015).
2675:List of Filipino comics creators
2654:
2640:
2493:Gerry Alanguilan and Arnold Arre
1678:work for the popular U.S. title
1664:
1645:
1629:
1562:publication during this period.
1481:
1462:
1450:
828:
487:
132:
8134:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
6585:Santos, Maria Criselda (2019).
2712:, Captain Barbell was based on
2442:Budjette Tan and Kajo Baldisimo
2426:Francis Alfar, Vincent Simbulan
2370:National Book Development Board
1228:, and several others including
1175:, which had been serialized in
1153:under Japanese military control
886:from the 1920s to the present.
882:) have been popular throughout
8208:Comic Art Professional Society
6948:Glossary of comics terminology
6630:. Routledge. pp. 182–197.
6564:Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia
5942:Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia
5471:"Philippine Komiks On Stamps!"
5035:. Mile High Comics/Comicon.com
3680:Valmero, Anna (July 2, 2010).
2670:List of Filipino komik artists
2473:(2014), featuring a pilandok (
1132:-esque hero in the jungles of
1:
8299:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
6793:10.1080/21504857.2017.1419981
5029:"Filipino comics in the news"
3822:Ramirez, I.G. (May 1, 2008).
3359:The Christian Science Monitor
2317:Philippine Postal Corporation
1800:Amid the market contraction,
1336:, and the humorous character
1118:. The first adventure comic,
252:Comics by country and culture
8213:National Cartoonists Society
8002:Based on television programs
6649:Valenciano, Jonette (2019).
6234:10.1080/21504857.2014.905486
5966:日本マンガと「日本」: 海外の諸コミックス文化を下敷きに
5339:"Queering Philippine comics"
5263:"Queering Philippine comics"
5159:"Queering Philippine comics"
5012:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
4856:"Queering Philippine comics"
4740:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
4693:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
4285:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
4057:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
4045:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
4033:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
4018:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
3575:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
3241:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
3100:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
3062:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
2988:Cheng Chua & Santos 2014
2961:Santos & Cheng Chua 2022
2896:Cheng Chue & Santos 2014
2685:List of Filipino superheroes
2582:Philip Ignacio and Alex Niño
2282:(2006), Francisco Coching's
2242:, and adventures. Filmmaker
1038:, who later was replaced by
951:One of the illustrations by
8144:Words & Pictures Museum
6866:10.22628/bcjjl.2021.13.1.93
6690:Yamamoto, Hiroyuki (2016).
1288:A stamp sheet highlighting
8417:
8188:Academy of Comic Book Arts
8160:Center for Cartoon Studies
8082:Belgian Comic Strip Center
6101:女性マンガ研究 欧米・日本・アジアをつなぐMANGA
5869:Ballesteros, Kyra (2019).
3033:"'Kenkoy' marks 90th year"
2629:, a supernatural creature.
2146:is prohibited by law, and
958:The Turtle and the Monkey
901:The origins of Philippine
544:Culture of the Philippines
26:
8336:
8294:Club des bandes dessinées
8028:Best-selling comic series
7606:Portrayal of black people
6945:
6887:Comics of the Philippines
6804:. Brill. pp. 73–86.
4823:Philippine Daily Inquirer
4336:"Something to crow about"
4192:Philippine Daily Inquirer
3037:Philippine Daily Inquirer
3011:Philippine Daily Inquirer
2065:. The subsequent rise of
1507:' administration imposed
990:The Turtle and the Monkey
6537:10.1177/1354856517751380
3231:, pp. 69–74, 77–85.
2477:) derived from folklore.
2335:by Francisco Reyes, and
1528:. Eventually Marcos was
1073:Mga Kabalbalan ni Kenkoy
955:depicting the folk tale
8099:British Cartoon Archive
8092:National Cartoon Museum
6475:10.1163/030382497X00059
6269:10.1163/030382497X00013
3007:"The Kenkoy experience"
2680:List of Filipino komiks
2621:(2024), set during the
2415:Zach Yonzon, Lan Medina
2276:(2005), Carlo Caparas'
2181:Ang Jowa Kong Crosswise
2166:autobiographical comics
1207:Golden Age: 1940s–1950s
1183:by Japanese cartoonist
1014:Spanish colonial period
879:
535:Part of a series on the
8309:Finnish Comics Society
8266:Svenska Serieakademien
8256:Comics Studies Society
8124:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
7628:Women in Refrigerators
7623:The Hawkeye Initiative
7261:Female comics creators
6819:Lent, John A. (2009).
6355:(in Japanese). 大修館書店.
3509:"Lauro "Larry" Alcala"
2361:
2339:by Francisco Coching.
2288:(2006), Pablo Gomez's
2267:
1971:and served to promote
1880:
1813:
1741:One Night in Purgatory
1584:New Waves: 1990s–2000s
1522:state-run media agency
1513:forcing all publishers
1297:
1023:Philippines Free Press
972:
967:
924:independent publishers
556:
8045:Comic books on CD/DVD
7295:Comics historiography
6193:in the Philippines".
5513:"The Mythology Class"
5434:. September 25, 2023.
5420:. September 12, 2019.
5000:Sagun & Luyt 2020
4988:Sagun & Luyt 2020
4976:Sagun & Luyt 2020
3416:Sagun & Luyt 2020
2475:Philippine mouse-deer
2350:
2327:by Gilbert Monsanto,
2253:
2134:, were not uncommon.
1878:
1799:
1476:Hall of Fame in 2022.
1425:, as well as various
1287:
1110:-inspired creations,
1106:was renowned for his
1002:satirical periodicals
950:
815:Sport and martial art
555:
44:Earliest publications
8261:Sequart Organization
8007:Based on video games
7589:Gender and webcomics
7154:Publishing companies
6889:at Wikimedia Commons
6671:on January 16, 2020.
6607:on January 16, 2020.
6406:on January 16, 2020.
6133:Fernandez, Doreen G.
5931:on January 16, 2020.
5891:on January 16, 2020.
4771:. September 22, 2022
2797:on December 16, 2017
2366:National Book Awards
2185:Champion of the Rose
2125:The Towering Inferno
1819:Culture Crash Comics
1659:in the U.S. in 1992.
1394:communist guerrillas
1382:pornographic stories
1247:and general stores (
655:Fashion and clothing
417:South African comics
8319:The Hero Initiative
7599:American mainstream
7401:Comics in education
7004:Comic strip formats
5693:. November 18, 2016
5447:, pp. 348–349.
5316:, pp. 134–135.
5237:, pp. 189–190.
5119:, pp. 244–245.
5014:, pp. 168–169.
5002:, pp. 109–111.
4990:, pp. 105–106.
4916:, No. 197, 203/342.
4804:, pp. 115–116.
4647:on January 19, 2012
4580:, pp. 446–447.
4520:, pp. 444–445.
4372:. December 20, 2019
4370:Multiversity Comics
4047:, pp. 164–165.
3954:, No. 198, 200/342.
3800:, pp. 245–246.
3655:The Power of Comics
3102:, pp. 161–162.
2898:, pp. 160–161.
2623:Japanese occupation
2571:Kevin Eric Raymundo
2419:Mars Ravelo's Darna
2381:The Mythology Class
2343:National Book Award
2331:by Nestor Redondo,
2254:An illustration of
2211:The Mythology Class
2012:Charles Dana Gibson
1726:The Mythology Class
1580:as graphic novels.
1534:media conglomerates
1493:San Diego Comic-Con
1422:Conan the Barbarian
1346:Clodualdo del Mundo
1179:, were replaced by
930:. The emergence of
686:Cultural Properties
627:Arts and literature
8360:Cartoon portal
8114:The Cartoon Museum
8109:Cartoon Art Museum
7833:France and Belgium
7618:Portrayal of women
7611:African characters
7579:Ethnic stereotypes
6498:Philippine Studies
6292:Philippine Studies
6137:Philippine Studies
6010:Philippine Studies
5249:, No. 195–196/342.
4944:The Comics Journal
4928:, No. 194–195/342.
4668:, No. 200–201/342.
4346:on August 20, 2011
4115:on January 2, 2011
3850:, No. 193–194/342.
3661:on January 3, 2014
3651:"Filipino Artists"
3622:The Comics Journal
3601:, No. 190–191/342.
3589:, No. 191–193/342.
3565:, No. 201–202/342.
3080:Lifestyle Inquirer
2662:Philippines portal
2362:
2268:
2256:the 2022 TV series
2224:folklore creatures
2172:of Japanese-style
2042:Franscisco Coching
1977:prostitution tours
1900:of Budjette Tan's
1881:
1855:by Ace Vitangcol.
1853:Love is in the Bag
1814:
1419:and contribute to
1298:
1212:After World War II
1181:The Boy 'Pilipino'
1104:José Zabala-Santos
998:political cartoons
973:
835:Philippines portal
696:Historical markers
597:indigenous peoples
557:
29:Komiks (TV series)
8401:Philippine comics
8388:
8387:
8348:Comics portal
8332:
8331:
8165:The Kubert School
8068:
8067:
7940:
7939:
7638:
7637:
7563:Widescreen comics
7406:Comics journalism
7276:
7275:
7068:Political cartoon
7009:Daily comic strip
6885:Media related to
6439:978-4-8396-0069-3
6426:Reyes, Soledad S.
6110:978-4-7872-3386-8
6046:978-4-8396-0069-3
5979:978-4-905187-10-3
5789:. August 31, 2021
5502:, pp. 20–21.
5481:on April 14, 2016
5459:, pp. 56–57.
5406:. August 5, 2023.
5095:, pp. 86–87.
4790:Or & Tan 2019
4725:Or & Tan 2019
4474:Or & Tan 2019
4167:. January 2, 2020
4008:, pp. 31–32.
3382:, pp. 83–85.
3361:. August 12, 1987
3331:, pp. 28–29.
3219:, pp. 67–68.
3207:, pp. 62–63.
3183:, pp. 82–85.
2818:, pp. 74–76.
2575:Tarantadong Kalbo
2559:Emiliana Kampilan
2517:Kikomachine Komix
2368:, managed by the
2240:romantic comedies
2028:J. C. Leyendecker
1812:, becoming a hit.
1715:by Alamat member
1672:Leinil Francis Yu
1615:Leinil Francis Yu
1570:avenues, such as
1439:Carmine Infantino
1302:Francisco Coching
1296:, issued in 2022.
1065:literary magazine
1048:Fernando Amorsolo
872:Philippine Comics
869:
868:
528:
527:
494:Comics portal
437:Vietnamese comics
407:Portuguese comics
397:Philippine comics
378:
311:
293:Australian comics
289:
233:Political cartoon
120:
119:
39:Philippine comics
16:(Redirected from
8408:
8378:
8377:
8368:
8367:
8358:
8357:
8346:
8345:
8324:Xeric Foundation
8178:
7992:Based on fiction
7951:
7725:China and Taiwan
7649:
7448:Graphic medicine
7391:Autobiographical
7356:
7334:Japanese (manga)
7240:Japanese (manga)
7165:
6932:
6925:
6918:
6909:
6884:
6870:
6868:
6843:
6834:
6823:. Boboy Yonzon.
6815:
6796:
6775:
6749:
6748:: 112–151. 2014.
6732:
6726:
6718:
6716:
6714:
6686:
6680:
6672:
6670:
6655:
6645:
6639:
6631:
6622:
6616:
6608:
6606:
6591:
6581:
6575:
6567:
6554:
6548:
6540:
6519:
6513:
6505:
6492:
6486:
6478:
6457:
6451:
6443:
6421:
6415:
6407:
6405:
6390:
6380:
6374:
6366:
6344:
6338:
6330:
6313:
6307:
6299:
6286:
6280:
6272:
6251:
6245:
6237:
6216:
6210:
6202:
6185:
6179:
6171:
6158:
6152:
6144:
6128:
6122:
6114:
6095:
6089:
6081:
6064:
6058:
6050:
6031:
6025:
6017:
6004:
5998:
5990:
5988:
5986:
5971:
5959:
5953:
5945:
5932:
5930:
5915:
5906:
5900:
5892:
5890:
5875:
5865:
5859:
5851:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5808:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5763:. April 29, 2023
5753:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5661:
5655:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5623:
5617:
5611:
5600:
5594:
5585:
5579:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5509:
5503:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5477:. Archived from
5466:
5460:
5457:Ballesteros 2019
5454:
5448:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5400:
5394:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5335:
5329:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5259:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5155:
5149:
5143:
5132:
5126:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5084:
5078:
5072:
5066:
5057:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5024:
5015:
5009:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4935:
4929:
4923:
4917:
4911:
4900:
4899:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4852:
4846:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4814:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4761:
4755:
4749:
4743:
4737:
4728:
4722:
4713:
4707:
4696:
4690:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4643:. Archived from
4636:
4630:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4593:
4587:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4559:on June 24, 2008
4553:The Manila Times
4545:
4536:
4530:
4521:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4488:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4426:on April 8, 2011
4422:. Archived from
4411:
4405:
4399:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4342:. Archived from
4331:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4305:
4288:
4282:
4271:
4265:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4232:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4111:. Archived from
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4073:
4060:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3982:
3976:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3918:
3912:
3897:
3891:
3876:
3870:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3824:"Super Komikero"
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3692:on July 14, 2010
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3646:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3613:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3551:
3545:
3536:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3450:
3444:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3351:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3118:
3112:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3002:
2991:
2985:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2853:on June 11, 2008
2842:
2819:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2782:
2765:
2759:
2743:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2721:
2706:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2625:and featuring a
2540:Kare-kare Komiks
2409:Zsazsa Zaturnnah
2395:Trip to Tagaytay
2291:Kampanerang Kuba
2157:Zsazsa Zaturnnah
2020:Gerry Alanguilan
1898:anime adaptation
1749:Zsazsa Zaturnnah
1732:Trip to Tagaytay
1668:
1649:
1638:Gerry Alanguilan
1633:
1604:Gerry Alanguilan
1505:Ferdinand Marcos
1485:
1466:
1454:
1249:sari-sari stores
1193:
1093:
1071:in 1929. Titled
1052:Botong Francisco
861:
854:
847:
832:
761:
545:
536:
530:
520:
513:
506:
492:
491:
392:Pakistani comics
372:
345:Hungarian comics
305:
298:Brazilian comics
275:
266:Argentine comics
136:
122:
36:
21:
8416:
8415:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8406:
8405:
8391:
8390:
8389:
8384:
8352:
8340:
8328:
8314:Friends of Lulu
8276:
8270:
8228:
8222:
8169:
8148:
8074:
8073:Collections and
8064:
8038:manga magazines
8011:
7980:
7971:Manga magazines
7936:
7920:
7809:
7713:
7663:
7634:
7567:
7538:Talking animals
7514:
7475:Science fiction
7386:Anthropomorphic
7352:and narratology
7351:
7343:
7290:Years in comics
7272:
7249:
7213:Jewish American
7196:
7163:
7108:
7072:
6992:Trade paperback
6950:
6941:
6936:
6877:
6846:
6837:
6831:
6818:
6812:
6799:
6778:
6772:
6759:
6756:
6754:Further reading
6740:(in Japanese).
6735:
6719:
6712:
6710:
6698:(in Japanese).
6689:
6673:
6668:
6653:
6648:
6632:
6625:
6609:
6604:
6589:
6584:
6568:
6557:
6541:
6522:
6506:
6495:
6479:
6460:
6444:
6440:
6424:
6408:
6403:
6388:
6383:
6367:
6363:
6347:
6331:
6316:
6300:
6289:
6273:
6254:
6238:
6219:
6203:
6188:
6172:
6161:
6145:
6131:
6115:
6111:
6098:
6082:
6067:
6051:
6047:
6034:
6018:
6007:
5991:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5969:
5962:
5946:
5935:
5928:
5913:
5909:
5893:
5888:
5873:
5868:
5852:
5848:
5835:
5832:
5827:
5817:
5815:
5810:
5809:
5802:
5792:
5790:
5781:
5780:
5776:
5766:
5764:
5755:
5754:
5747:
5737:
5735:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5717:
5706:
5696:
5694:
5685:
5684:
5680:
5670:
5668:
5663:
5662:
5658:
5650:
5646:
5636:
5634:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5612:
5603:
5595:
5588:
5580:
5573:
5565:
5561:
5553:
5549:
5539:
5537:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5506:
5500:Valenciano 2019
5498:
5494:
5484:
5482:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5455:
5451:
5443:
5439:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5402:
5401:
5397:
5390:
5386:
5378:Manila Bulletin
5371:
5370:
5366:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5344:Manila Bulletin
5337:
5336:
5332:
5324:
5320:
5312:
5308:
5298:
5296:
5295:. June 19, 2020
5293:Manila Bulletin
5287:
5286:
5282:
5272:
5270:
5269:. June 23, 2021
5267:Manila Bulletin
5261:
5260:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5233:
5229:
5221:
5217:
5210:
5206:
5198:Manila Bulletin
5191:
5190:
5186:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5164:Manila Bulletin
5157:
5156:
5152:
5144:
5135:
5127:
5123:
5115:
5111:
5103:
5099:
5091:
5087:
5079:
5075:
5067:
5060:
5054:Alanguilan 2011
5052:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5026:
5025:
5018:
5010:
5006:
4998:
4994:
4986:
4982:
4974:
4970:
4964:Fondevilla 2007
4962:
4958:
4948:
4946:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4924:
4920:
4912:
4903:
4895:Manila Bulletin
4888:
4887:
4883:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4861:Manila Bulletin
4854:
4853:
4849:
4841:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4816:
4815:
4808:
4800:
4796:
4788:
4784:
4774:
4772:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4750:
4746:
4738:
4731:
4723:
4716:
4708:
4699:
4691:
4684:
4676:
4672:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4648:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4627:Fondevilla 2007
4625:
4621:
4613:
4596:
4590:Fondevilla 2007
4588:
4584:
4578:Fondevilla 2007
4576:
4572:
4562:
4560:
4547:
4546:
4539:
4533:Fondevilla 2007
4531:
4524:
4518:Fondevilla 2007
4516:
4512:
4502:
4500:
4490:
4489:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4460:
4456:
4450:Fondevilla 2007
4448:
4439:
4429:
4427:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4400:
4385:
4375:
4373:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4318:
4316:
4307:
4306:
4291:
4283:
4274:
4266:
4255:
4245:
4243:
4240:GMA News Online
4234:
4233:
4229:
4219:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4196:
4194:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4144:
4142:
4140:CNN Philippines
4133:
4132:
4128:
4118:
4116:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4085:
4082:Comivs Reporter
4075:
4074:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4024:
4016:
4012:
4004:
4000:
3992:
3985:
3977:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3938:
3921:
3913:
3900:
3892:
3879:
3871:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3830:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3808:
3804:
3796:
3792:
3784:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3745:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3721:. July 24, 2022
3713:
3712:
3708:
3695:
3693:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3664:
3662:
3648:
3647:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3605:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3460:
3453:
3445:
3434:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3402:
3398:
3392:Cheng Chua 2014
3390:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3335:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3276:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3229:Cheng Chue 2005
3227:
3223:
3217:Cheng Chue 2005
3215:
3211:
3205:Cheng Chue 2005
3203:
3199:
3193:Cheng Chue 2005
3191:
3187:
3179:
3175:
3167:
3163:
3155:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3121:
3113:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3060:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3015:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2986:
2979:
2971:
2967:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2920:
2909:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2872:Fondevilla 2007
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2844:
2843:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2784:
2783:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2608:Death Be Damned
2460:The Dark Colony
2345:
2262:, portrayed by
2232:
2201:
2193:Sari Sari Story
2140:
2114:Science fiction
2051:
2032:Norman Rockwell
2018:. According to
2008:
2003:
2001:Characteristics
1945:) and serials (
1938:
1873:
1832:Nautilus Comics
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1669:
1660:
1653:Whilce Portacio
1650:
1641:
1634:
1611:Whilce Portacio
1586:
1568:self-publishing
1546:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1486:
1477:
1467:
1458:
1455:
1386:family planning
1370:
1326:Captain Barbell
1306:National Artist
1238:Espcsyal Komiks
1230:Tagalog Klasiks
1226:Pilipino Komiks
1221:Halakhak Komiks
1209:
1187:
1166:The Lone Ranger
1138:pre-Spanish era
1120:Francisco Reyes
1087:
1044:The Independent
1010:El Tio Verdades
985:picture stories
945:
940:
920:self-publishing
865:
833:
759:
738:Public holidays
543:
534:
524:
486:
335:European comics
320:Croatian comics
315:Canadian comics
272:Bande dessinées
261:American comics
223:Trade paperback
141:
94:
90:
86:
82:
68:
62:
58:
32:
23:
22:
18:Filipino comics
15:
12:
11:
5:
8414:
8412:
8404:
8403:
8393:
8392:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8382:
8372:
8362:
8350:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8330:
8329:
8327:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8280:
8278:
8275:Charitable and
8272:
8271:
8269:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8232:
8230:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8184:
8182:
8175:
8171:
8170:
8168:
8167:
8162:
8156:
8154:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8084:
8078:
8076:
8070:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8063:
8062:
8060:Limited series
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8041:
8040:
8035:
8025:
8019:
8017:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7997:Based on films
7994:
7988:
7986:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7957:
7955:
7948:
7942:
7941:
7938:
7937:
7935:
7934:
7928:
7926:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7909:United Kingdom
7906:
7905:
7904:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7873:
7872:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7840:
7830:
7825:
7823:Czech Republic
7819:
7817:
7811:
7810:
7808:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7791:
7790:
7780:
7775:
7774:
7773:
7763:
7762:
7761:
7751:
7750:
7749:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7732:
7721:
7719:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7709:
7699:
7694:
7693:
7692:
7682:
7677:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7661:
7655:
7653:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7633:
7632:
7631:
7630:
7625:
7615:
7614:
7613:
7603:
7602:
7601:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7575:
7573:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7524:
7522:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7471:
7470:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7439:
7438:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7362:
7360:
7353:
7349:Comics studies
7345:
7344:
7342:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7327:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7297:
7292:
7286:
7284:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7269:
7268:
7257:
7255:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7216:
7215:
7204:
7202:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7171:
7169:
7162:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7118:
7116:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7080:
7078:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7054:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7036:Digital comics
7033:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6982:Ongoing series
6979:
6974:
6972:Limited series
6969:
6958:
6956:
6952:
6951:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6937:
6935:
6934:
6927:
6920:
6912:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6876:
6875:External links
6873:
6872:
6871:
6844:
6835:
6830:978-9719455806
6829:
6816:
6810:
6797:
6787:(1): 106–121.
6776:
6770:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6733:
6687:
6646:
6623:
6582:
6555:
6531:(1): 102–115.
6520:
6493:
6458:
6438:
6422:
6381:
6361:
6345:
6314:
6287:
6252:
6228:(3): 344–360.
6217:
6186:
6159:
6129:
6109:
6096:
6065:
6045:
6032:
6005:
5978:
5960:
5933:
5907:
5866:
5846:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5825:
5800:
5774:
5745:
5723:
5719:Bookwatch 2019
5704:
5678:
5656:
5652:Bookwatch 2019
5644:
5618:
5614:Bookwatch 2019
5601:
5597:Bookwatch 2019
5586:
5582:Bookwatch 2019
5571:
5567:Bookwatch 2019
5559:
5555:Bookwatch 2019
5547:
5525:
5504:
5492:
5475:alanguilan.com
5461:
5449:
5445:Gutierrez 2014
5437:
5423:
5409:
5395:
5384:
5364:
5361:. May 8, 2024.
5350:
5330:
5318:
5306:
5280:
5251:
5239:
5227:
5215:
5204:
5184:
5181:. May 8, 2024.
5170:
5150:
5148:, No. 195/342.
5133:
5131:, p. 245.
5121:
5109:
5097:
5085:
5073:
5058:
5046:
5016:
5004:
4992:
4980:
4978:, p. 104.
4968:
4966:, p. 448.
4956:
4930:
4918:
4901:
4881:
4878:. May 8, 2024.
4867:
4847:
4835:
4806:
4794:
4782:
4756:
4744:
4742:, p. 166.
4729:
4714:
4712:, p. 117.
4697:
4695:, p. 171.
4682:
4680:, p. 392.
4670:
4658:
4631:
4629:, p. 441.
4619:
4617:, No. 202/342.
4594:
4592:, p. 446.
4582:
4570:
4537:
4535:, p. 445.
4522:
4510:
4478:
4466:
4454:
4452:, p. 447.
4437:
4406:
4404:, No. 200/342.
4383:
4357:
4340:Manil Bulletin
4326:
4289:
4287:, p. 167.
4272:
4270:, No. 201/342.
4253:
4227:
4204:
4178:
4152:
4126:
4095:
4061:
4059:, p. 165.
4049:
4037:
4035:, p. 168.
4022:
4020:, p. 164.
4010:
3998:
3983:
3981:, No. 199/342.
3956:
3944:
3942:, p. 244.
3919:
3917:, No. 197/342.
3898:
3896:, No. 198/342.
3877:
3875:, No. 196/342.
3852:
3840:
3814:
3812:, p. 238.
3802:
3790:
3788:, No. 194/342.
3775:
3773:, p. 100.
3763:
3751:
3749:, No. 193/342.
3732:
3706:
3672:
3634:
3603:
3591:
3579:
3577:, p. 163.
3567:
3552:
3537:
3522:
3500:
3498:, p. 139.
3488:
3466:
3451:
3449:, No. 191/342.
3432:
3430:, p. 241.
3420:
3418:, p. 103.
3408:
3396:
3384:
3372:
3333:
3329:Fernandez 1981
3321:
3317:Fernandez 1983
3306:
3294:
3282:
3280:, No. 190/342.
3257:
3255:, No. 189/342.
3245:
3243:, p. 160.
3233:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3171:, p. 396.
3161:
3146:
3134:
3132:, No. 188/342.
3119:
3115:Fernandez 1981
3104:
3092:
3066:
3064:, p. 162.
3049:
3023:
2992:
2990:, p. 161.
2977:
2975:, p. 394.
2965:
2963:, p. 184.
2953:
2951:, p. 237.
2938:
2936:, p. 236.
2926:
2924:, No. 187/342.
2907:
2888:
2886:, p. 242.
2876:
2874:, p. 444.
2864:
2820:
2808:
2766:
2764:, No. 203/342.
2753:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2731:
2722:
2714:Captain Marvel
2700:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2651:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2593:R. H. Kirantan
2590:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2512:News Hardcore!
2505:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2482:Melvin Malonso
2479:
2478:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2435:Siglo: Passion
2431:Siglo: Freedom
2427:
2423:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2377:
2344:
2341:
2231:
2228:
2200:
2197:
2139:
2136:
2079:Gilda Olvidado
2050:
2047:
2036:Frank Frazetta
2024:Franklin Booth
2016:Alberto Vargas
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1991:Graphic novels
1937:
1934:
1906:, released on
1872:
1869:
1721:Kajo Baldisimo
1707:Graphic novels
1687:
1686:
1674:undertook the
1670:
1663:
1661:
1651:
1644:
1642:
1636:Born in 1968,
1635:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1585:
1582:
1572:Pol Medina Jr.
1545:
1542:
1498:
1497:
1489:Nestor Redondo
1487:
1480:
1478:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1390:Corazon Aquino
1369:
1366:
1358:Pablo S. Gomez
1350:Nestor Redondo
1342:Alfredo Alcala
1332:, the mermaid
1208:
1205:
1081:Tony Velasquez
1040:Juan dela Cruz
1018:Lipang Kalabaw
1016:, followed by
944:
941:
939:
936:
888:Comics scholar
867:
866:
864:
863:
856:
849:
841:
838:
837:
825:
824:
823:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
764:
763:
755:
754:
753:
752:
747:
746:
745:
735:
730:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
698:
693:
688:
683:
675:
674:
670:
669:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
629:
628:
624:
623:
622:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
600:
599:
594:
584:
583:
582:
572:
564:
563:
559:
558:
548:
547:
539:
538:
526:
525:
523:
522:
515:
508:
500:
497:
496:
483:
482:
481:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
447:
446:
442:
441:
440:
439:
434:
432:Turkish comics
429:
424:
422:Spanish comics
419:
414:
412:Serbian comics
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
387:Mexican comics
384:
379:
367:
362:
360:Italian comics
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
308:Welsh-language
303:British comics
300:
295:
290:
268:
263:
255:
254:
248:
247:
246:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
197:
196:
192:
191:
190:
189:
184:
176:
175:
171:
170:
169:
168:
163:
158:
150:
149:
147:Comics studies
143:
142:
139:Speech balloon
137:
129:
128:
118:
117:
116:
115:
110:
103:
99:
98:
88:Nestor Redondo
80:Tony Velasquez
77:
73:
72:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8413:
8402:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8381:
8373:
8371:
8363:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8338:
8335:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8273:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8233:
8231:
8225:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8179:
8176:
8174:Organizations
8172:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8151:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8093:
8090:
8089:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8071:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8030:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8020:
8018:
8014:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7983:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7952:
7949:
7947:
7943:
7933:
7930:
7929:
7927:
7923:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7907:
7903:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7871:
7868:
7867:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7812:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7789:
7786:
7785:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7767:
7764:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7755:
7752:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7743:
7740:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7727:
7726:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7716:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7703:
7702:United States
7700:
7698:
7695:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7660:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7641:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7620:
7619:
7616:
7612:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7604:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7533:Decompression
7531:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7517:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7490:Tijuana bible
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7437:
7434:
7433:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7411:Comics poetry
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7357:
7354:
7350:
7346:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7267:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7252:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7214:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7199:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7166:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7128:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7120:
7119:
7117:
7115:
7111:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7099:Silent comics
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7075:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7063:Graphic novel
7061:
7059:
7056:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7034:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7019:Sunday comics
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6997:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6944:
6940:
6933:
6928:
6926:
6921:
6919:
6914:
6913:
6910:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6883:
6879:
6878:
6874:
6867:
6862:
6859:(1): 93–102.
6858:
6854:
6850:
6845:
6841:
6836:
6832:
6826:
6822:
6817:
6813:
6811:9781848881990
6807:
6803:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6777:
6773:
6771:9781472435439
6767:
6764:. Routledge.
6763:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6734:
6730:
6724:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6688:
6684:
6678:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6652:
6647:
6643:
6637:
6629:
6624:
6620:
6614:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6588:
6583:
6579:
6573:
6565:
6561:
6556:
6552:
6546:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6521:
6517:
6511:
6504:(3): 389–417.
6503:
6499:
6494:
6490:
6484:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6459:
6455:
6449:
6441:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6413:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6387:
6382:
6378:
6372:
6364:
6362:4-469-23091-X
6358:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6336:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6315:
6311:
6305:
6298:(2): 236–248.
6297:
6293:
6288:
6284:
6278:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6253:
6249:
6243:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6223:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6201:(2): 441–453.
6200:
6196:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6177:
6169:
6165:
6160:
6156:
6150:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6120:
6112:
6106:
6102:
6097:
6093:
6087:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6066:
6062:
6056:
6048:
6042:
6038:
6033:
6029:
6023:
6015:
6011:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5981:
5975:
5968:
5967:
5961:
5957:
5951:
5943:
5939:
5934:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5898:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5872:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5849:
5847:9781844036981
5843:
5839:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5813:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5775:
5762:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5733:
5727:
5724:
5721:, p. 53.
5720:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5679:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5654:, p. 50.
5653:
5648:
5645:
5633:
5629:
5622:
5619:
5616:, p. 49.
5615:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5599:, p. 46.
5598:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5584:, p. 45.
5583:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5569:, p. 42.
5568:
5563:
5560:
5557:, p. 41.
5556:
5551:
5548:
5535:
5529:
5526:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5496:
5493:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5441:
5438:
5433:
5427:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5410:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5388:
5385:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5360:
5354:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5319:
5315:
5310:
5307:
5294:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5231:
5228:
5225:, p. 80.
5224:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5208:
5205:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5188:
5185:
5180:
5174:
5171:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5125:
5122:
5118:
5113:
5110:
5107:, p. 87.
5106:
5101:
5098:
5094:
5089:
5086:
5083:, p. 79.
5082:
5077:
5074:
5071:, p. 86.
5070:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5050:
5047:
5034:
5030:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4972:
4969:
4965:
4960:
4957:
4945:
4941:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4836:
4824:
4820:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4798:
4795:
4792:, p. 28.
4791:
4786:
4783:
4770:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4727:, p. 27.
4726:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4659:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4571:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4511:
4499:(in Japanese)
4498:
4494:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4476:, p. 25.
4475:
4470:
4467:
4464:, p. 14.
4463:
4462:Yamamoto 2016
4458:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4330:
4327:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4242:. May 7, 2013
4241:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4215:
4208:
4205:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4179:
4166:
4165:Marvel Comics
4162:
4156:
4153:
4141:
4137:
4130:
4127:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4096:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3999:
3996:, p. 30.
3995:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3841:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3761:, p. 97.
3760:
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3592:
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3583:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3550:, p. 10.
3549:
3548:Yamamoto 2016
3544:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3533:Yamamoto 2016
3529:
3527:
3523:
3510:
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3439:
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3421:
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3409:
3406:, p. 24.
3405:
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3304:, p. 41.
3303:
3298:
3295:
3292:, p. 85.
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3195:, p. 62.
3194:
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3177:
3174:
3170:
3165:
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3159:, p. 83.
3158:
3153:
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3147:
3144:, p. 81.
3143:
3138:
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3131:
3126:
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3117:, p. 28.
3116:
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2648:Comics portal
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2005:
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1957:Aliwan Komiks
1954:
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1234:Hiwaga Komiks
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1185:Keizo Shimada
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402:Polish comics
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350:Indian comics
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340:German comics
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37:
34:
30:
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8227:Critical and
8181:Professional
7966:Comic strips
7782:
7659:South Africa
7558:Supervillain
7094:Photo comics
7089:Motion comic
7041:Mobile comic
6967:Ashcan comic
6856:
6852:
6839:
6820:
6801:
6784:
6780:
6761:
6741:
6737:
6723:cite journal
6711:. Retrieved
6699:
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6677:cite journal
6666:the original
6661:
6657:
6627:
6613:cite journal
6602:the original
6597:
6593:
6572:cite journal
6563:
6545:cite journal
6528:
6524:
6510:cite journal
6501:
6497:
6483:cite journal
6469:(1): 79–91.
6466:
6462:
6429:
6412:cite journal
6401:the original
6396:
6392:
6352:
6319:Asian Comics
6318:
6304:cite journal
6295:
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6277:cite journal
6260:
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6242:cite journal
6225:
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6207:cite journal
6198:
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6176:cite journal
6167:
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6140:
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6086:cite journal
6077:
6073:
6036:
6022:cite journal
6013:
6009:
5983:. Retrieved
5965:
5950:cite journal
5941:
5926:the original
5921:
5917:
5897:cite journal
5886:the original
5881:
5877:
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5816:. Retrieved
5791:. Retrieved
5786:
5777:
5765:. Retrieved
5760:
5736:. Retrieved
5726:
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5690:
5681:
5669:. Retrieved
5659:
5647:
5635:. Retrieved
5631:
5621:
5562:
5550:
5538:. Retrieved
5528:
5516:. Retrieved
5507:
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5485:November 11,
5483:. Retrieved
5479:the original
5474:
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5292:
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5273:November 28,
5271:. Retrieved
5266:
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5039:November 23,
5037:. Retrieved
5032:
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4959:
4949:November 23,
4947:. Retrieved
4943:
4933:
4921:
4893:
4884:
4870:
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4850:
4845:, p. 2.
4838:
4826:. Retrieved
4822:
4797:
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4773:. Retrieved
4768:
4759:
4754:, p. 1.
4747:
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4661:
4649:. Retrieved
4645:the original
4634:
4622:
4585:
4573:
4563:November 11,
4561:. Retrieved
4557:the original
4552:
4513:
4501:. Retrieved
4496:
4469:
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4430:November 23,
4428:. Retrieved
4424:the original
4419:
4409:
4376:November 19,
4374:. Retrieved
4369:
4360:
4350:December 20,
4348:. Retrieved
4344:the original
4339:
4329:
4319:November 15,
4317:. Retrieved
4312:
4244:. Retrieved
4239:
4230:
4218:. Retrieved
4207:
4197:November 12,
4195:. Retrieved
4191:
4181:
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4164:
4155:
4145:November 11,
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4139:
4129:
4119:November 16,
4117:. Retrieved
4113:the original
4108:
4098:
4086:. Retrieved
4081:
4052:
4040:
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3843:
3831:. Retrieved
3827:
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3718:
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3694:. Retrieved
3690:the original
3683:
3675:
3663:. Retrieved
3659:the original
3654:
3625:. Retrieved
3621:
3594:
3582:
3570:
3535:, p. 9.
3515:November 26,
3513:. Retrieved
3503:
3491:
3479:. Retrieved
3469:
3423:
3411:
3399:
3387:
3375:
3363:. Retrieved
3358:
3324:
3297:
3285:
3248:
3236:
3224:
3212:
3200:
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3176:
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3095:
3083:. Retrieved
3079:
3069:
3040:. Retrieved
3036:
3026:
3014:. Retrieved
3010:
2968:
2956:
2929:
2891:
2879:
2867:
2857:November 11,
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2851:the original
2811:
2799:. Retrieved
2795:the original
2791:panitikan.ph
2790:
2757:
2739:
2734:
2725:
2704:
2618:
2607:
2596:
2585:
2574:
2563:
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2470:
2467:Borg Sinaban
2459:
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2393:
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2355:
2336:
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2328:
2324:
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2307:
2306:(2005), and
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2264:Jane De Leon
2233:
2209:
2202:
2199:Local themes
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2155:
2141:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2083:
2075:Elena Patron
2070:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2040:
2009:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1952:Anak ni Zuma
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1926:
1915:
1912:
1901:
1882:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1847:Funny Komiks
1845:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1807:
1801:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1740:
1730:
1724:
1717:Budjette Tan
1710:
1705:
1701:Eisner Award
1694:
1691:
1679:
1657:Image Comics
1608:
1597:
1587:
1575:
1564:
1555:
1547:
1538:
1502:
1474:Eisner Award
1420:
1398:
1375:
1371:
1362:Jesse Santos
1313:
1310:Larry Alcala
1299:
1294:Larry Alcala
1289:
1275:
1264:
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1237:
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1006:Te con Leche
1005:
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903:comic strips
900:
871:
870:
780:Coat of arms
644:
635:Architecture
609:Value system
533:
396:
355:Irish comics
330:Dutch comics
325:Czech comics
270:
187:Photo comics
69:
63:
59:
55:
52:Publications
33:
8380:WikiProject
8016:Other lists
7961:Comic books
7877:Netherlands
7783:Philippines
7495:Underground
7458:Non-fiction
7376:Alternative
7122:Cartoonists
7104:Text comics
7058:Gag cartoon
7014:Lianhuanhua
6999:Comic strip
6708:2433/228680
6143:(1): 26–44.
6080:(2): 23–39.
6016:(1): 59–90.
5985:November 6,
5830:Works cited
5787:GamesRadar+
5761:Rappler.com
5632:Tatler Asia
5326:Fermin 2015
5235:Fermin 2015
4843:Santos 2019
4775:December 2,
4769:Tatler Asia
4752:Santos 2019
4651:January 10,
4503:December 1,
4088:October 20,
3833:November 8,
3719:GamesRadar+
3696:November 6,
3665:November 6,
3627:November 8,
3481:November 6,
3462:Santos 2014
3365:December 3,
3042:November 6,
3016:November 6,
2801:November 6,
2718:Plastic Man
2627:manananggal
2547:Bong Redila
2433:(2004) and
2376:Arnold Arre
2258:version of
2244:Lino Brocka
2230:Adaptations
2144:pornography
1917:Sailor Moon
1889:conventions
1786:Bubble Gang
1780:Sailor Moon
1737:Arnold Arre
1655:co-founded
1577:Pugad Baboy
1509:martial law
1409:Joe Orlando
1318:Mars Ravelo
1278:Comics Code
1216:comic books
1188: [
1177:The Tribune
1172:Fritzi Ritz
1161:The Tribune
1145:Pacific War
1143:During the
1136:during the
1088: [
1085:Ramon Roces
1069:comic strip
1057:The weekly
1032:personified
1012:during the
928:conventions
907:Comic books
458:Cartoonists
427:Thai comics
218:Gag cartoon
208:Comic strip
92:Mars Ravelo
70:D. I. Trece
7644:By country
7485:Teen humor
7320:Modern Age
7315:Bronze Age
7310:Silver Age
7305:Golden Age
7245:Macedonian
7220:Australian
7201:By country
7187:Minicomics
7084:Film comic
7077:Techniques
6962:Comic book
6430:フィリピンの大衆文化
6349:Ono, Kōsei
6327:B00QTYUIWG
6263:(1): 1–9.
6037:フィリピンの大衆文化
5314:マンガ研究 2014
5223:Reyes 1993
5105:Reyes 1997
5093:Reyes 1997
5081:Reyes 1993
5069:Reyes 1997
4802:マンガ研究 2014
4710:マンガ研究 2014
4678:Reyes 2009
3771:David 1993
3759:Reyes 1993
3380:Reyes 1993
3302:Reyes 1993
3290:Reyes 1997
3181:Reyes 1997
3169:Reyes 2009
3157:Reyes 1997
3142:Reyes 1997
2973:Reyes 2009
2816:Reyes 1993
2691:References
2352:Lan Medina
2303:Encantadia
2131:James Bond
2106:boy's love
2090:Philippine
2006:Art styles
1930:boy's love
1824:Mangaholix
1590:minicomics
1530:overthrown
1245:newsstands
1026:under the
981:José Rizal
953:José Rizal
915:melodramas
884:the nation
800:Great Seal
706:newspapers
660:Literature
619:Honorifics
468:Publishers
463:Collecting
203:Comic book
182:Cartooning
7985:By source
7976:Webcomics
7954:By format
7932:Australia
7735:Hong Kong
7675:Argentina
7553:Superhero
7510:Wrestling
7480:Superhero
7421:Dystopian
7396:Celebrity
7381:Ambiguous
7339:Webcomics
7192:Webcomics
7175:Editorial
7168:By format
7149:Letterers
7134:Colorists
6987:Minicomic
6713:March 10,
6658:Bookwatch
6636:cite book
6594:Bookwatch
6448:cite book
6393:Bookwatch
6371:cite book
6335:cite book
6119:cite book
6055:cite book
5995:cite book
5918:Bookwatch
5878:Bookwatch
5856:cite book
5818:April 10,
5793:April 10,
5767:April 10,
5738:April 10,
5697:March 16,
5691:FlipGeeks
5671:March 16,
5637:March 21,
5540:March 16,
5518:March 15,
5247:Lent 2015
5146:Lent 2015
5129:Lent 1998
5117:Lent 1998
4926:Lent 2015
4914:Lent 2015
4828:March 22,
4666:Lent 2015
4615:Lent 2015
4420:Newsarama
4402:Lent 2015
4268:Lent 2015
4246:March 13,
4220:March 23,
4171:March 19,
4109:Newsarama
3979:Lent 2015
3952:Lent 2015
3940:Lent 1998
3915:Lent 2015
3894:Lent 2015
3873:Lent 2015
3848:Lent 2015
3810:Lent 1998
3798:Lent 1998
3786:Lent 2015
3747:Lent 2015
3725:March 16,
3684:Jonah Hex
3599:Lent 2015
3587:Lent 2015
3563:Lent 2015
3447:Lent 2015
3428:Lent 1998
3278:Lent 2015
3253:Lent 2015
3130:Lent 2015
3085:April 20,
2949:Lent 1998
2934:Lent 1998
2922:Lent 2015
2884:Lent 1998
2762:Lent 2015
2750:Citations
2337:Lapu-Lapu
2309:Atlantika
2220:mysteries
2067:melodrama
1887:in 2005,
1842:Mango Jam
1803:Combatron
1681:Wolverine
1594:superhero
1503:In 1972,
1470:Alex Niño
1417:Jonah Hex
1405:DC Comics
1354:Alex Niño
1330:Lastikman
1271:melodrama
1036:Uncle Sam
932:webcomics
896:Hong Kong
743:festivals
733:Mythology
445:Community
375:Hong Kong
156:Education
102:Languages
96:Alex Niño
8395:Category
8370:Category
8277:outreach
8229:academic
8139:ToonSeum
7887:Portugal
7795:Thailand
7778:Pakistan
7668:Americas
7584:Feminist
7528:Antihero
7366:Abstract
7300:American
7235:Filipino
7225:Canadian
7208:American
7114:Creators
7046:Webcomic
6977:One-shot
6351:(1993).
5033:The Beat
4313:The Beat
3496:Ono 1993
2740:Voltes V
2710:Superman
2634:See also
2619:Josefina
2525:Rob Cham
2312:(2006).
2300:(2004),
2279:Bakekang
2162:LGBTQIA+
2086:Dyesebel
1981:Japanese
1973:Filipino
1894:webtoons
1809:Mega Man
1791:Voltes V
1761:Voltes V
1684:in 1998.
1491:at 1982
1338:Bondying
1334:Dyesebel
1254:Superman
1198:KALIBAPI
1157:Liwayway
1096:Filipino
1060:Liwayway
1020:and the
977:cartoons
876:Filipino
805:Language
726:Internet
691:Folklore
604:Religion
575:Language
238:Webcomic
161:Glossary
108:Filipino
76:Creators
8153:Schools
8075:museums
7925:Oceania
7860:Ireland
7855:Hungary
7850:Germany
7843:Belgium
7828:Croatia
7805:Vietnam
7543:Masking
7505:Western
7463:Romance
7431:Fantasy
7282:History
7159:Writers
7139:Editors
7051:Webtoon
7029:Yonkoma
6955:Formats
6353:アジアのマンガ
2599:(2023).
2586:Alandal
2486:Tabi Po
2437:(2005).
2386:fairies
2297:Mulawin
2071:Roberta
1969:Tagalog
1943:wakasan
1936:Formats
1908:Netflix
1885:Komikon
1828:Questor
1767:G-Force
1427:romance
1413:western
1407:editor
1308:award.
964:Tagalog
938:History
760:Symbols
681:Cuisine
614:Kinship
570:History
562:Society
478:Writers
278:Belgium
243:Webtoon
174:Methods
166:History
113:Tagalog
8023:Awards
7892:Serbia
7882:Poland
7815:Europe
7800:Turkey
7697:Mexico
7690:Quebec
7685:Canada
7680:Brazil
7652:Africa
7572:Themes
7520:Tropes
7453:Horror
7443:Gekiga
7426:Erotic
7359:Genres
7325:events
7144:Inkers
7024:Topper
6939:Comics
6827:
6808:
6768:
6436:
6359:
6325:
6107:
6043:
5976:
5844:
3828:Hyphen
2390:demons
2357:Fables
2333:Kulafu
2321:stamps
2206:Panday
2191:, and
2170:fandom
2128:, and
2096:, and
2062:Kulafu
2056:Kenkoy
2049:Genres
2034:, and
1997:past.
1947:nobela
1840:title
1739:, and
1676:pencil
1599:Wasted
1526:Ikabod
1433:, and
1431:horror
1360:, and
1263:, and
1260:Archie
1236:, and
1200:Family
1149:Manila
1130:Tarzan
1125:Kulafu
1108:Popeye
1077:Kenkoy
880:Komiks
790:Flower
770:Anthem
750:Sports
716:cinema
645:Comics
587:People
453:Awards
382:Manhwa
370:Manhua
286:Quebec
282:France
126:Comics
56:Kulafu
8033:manga
7946:Lists
7914:Wales
7897:Spain
7865:Italy
7766:Korea
7759:lists
7754:Japan
7742:India
7548:Rogue
7416:Crime
7371:Adult
7254:Other
7230:Cuban
6738:マンガ研究
6669:(PDF)
6654:(PDF)
6605:(PDF)
6590:(PDF)
6404:(PDF)
6389:(PDF)
6191:Manga
5970:(PDF)
5929:(PDF)
5914:(PDF)
5889:(PDF)
5874:(PDF)
4497:ナビマニラ
2696:Notes
2551:Meläg
2529:Light
2448:Trese
2329:Darna
2325:Darna
2273:Darna
2260:Darna
2216:noirs
2098:Greek
2094:Roman
1922:CLAMP
1903:Trese
1837:shōjo
1753:movie
1712:Trese
1696:Elmer
1559:anime
1415:hero
1378:bomba
1376:The "
1322:Darna
1192:]
1151:fell
1134:Luzon
1116:Popoy
1092:]
892:Japan
810:Motto
711:radio
701:Media
673:Other
665:Music
650:Dance
473:Sales
365:Manga
65:Darna
47:1920s
7902:list
7870:list
7838:list
7788:list
7771:list
7747:list
7730:list
7718:Asia
7707:list
7594:LGBT
7468:list
7436:list
7266:list
7180:list
7127:list
6825:ISBN
6806:ISBN
6766:ISBN
6729:link
6715:2023
6683:link
6642:link
6619:link
6578:link
6551:link
6516:link
6489:link
6454:link
6434:ISBN
6418:link
6377:link
6357:ISBN
6341:link
6323:ASIN
6310:link
6283:link
6248:link
6213:link
6182:link
6170:(1).
6155:link
6125:link
6105:ISBN
6092:link
6061:link
6041:ISBN
6028:link
6001:link
5987:2022
5974:ISBN
5956:link
5903:link
5862:link
5842:ISBN
5820:2024
5795:2024
5769:2024
5740:2024
5699:2023
5673:2023
5639:2023
5542:2023
5520:2023
5487:2022
5301:2022
5275:2022
5041:2022
4951:2022
4830:2023
4777:2022
4653:2012
4565:2022
4505:2022
4432:2022
4378:2022
4352:2022
4321:2022
4248:2023
4222:2023
4199:2022
4173:2023
4147:2022
4121:2022
4090:2022
3835:2022
3727:2023
3698:2022
3667:2022
3629:2022
3517:2022
3483:2022
3367:2022
3087:2024
3044:2022
3018:2022
2902:help
2859:2022
2803:2022
2445:The
2406:The
2388:and
2364:The
2236:clog
2218:and
2175:yaoi
2119:Jaws
1920:and
1830:and
1777:and
1764:and
1729:and
1719:and
1196:The
1194:and
1169:and
1159:and
1114:and
1050:and
1008:and
922:and
894:and
820:Tree
785:Flag
775:Bird
640:Arts
7500:War
6861:doi
6789:doi
6704:hdl
6533:doi
6471:doi
6265:doi
6230:doi
2508:14'
1955:in
1743:by
1735:by
1602:by
1435:war
1292:by
1266:MAD
1000:in
795:Gem
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6857:13
6855:.
6851:.
6785:10
6783:.
6744:.
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