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the creator of this statement and idea, saying that "there is no mention of it anywhere until after the
Declaration was published". This phrase appears in Italian in Mazzei's own hand, written in Italian, several years prior to the writing of the Declaration of Independence. Mazzei and Jefferson often exchanged ideas about true liberty and freedom. No one man can take complete credit for the ideals of American democracy.
33:
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The great doctrine 'All men are created equal' and incorporated into the
Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson, was paraphrased from the writing of Philip Mazzei, an Italian-born patriot and pamphleteer, who was a close friend of Jefferson. A few alleged scholars try to discredit Mazzei as
469:
n intimacy of 40. years had proved to me his great worth; and a friendship, which had begun in personal acquaintance, was maintained after separation, without abatement, by a constant interchange of letters. his esteem too in this country was very general; his early & zealous cooperation in the
481:
Your letters ... brought me the first information of the death of my antient friend Mazzei, which I learn with sincere regret. he had some peculiarities, & who of us has not? but he was of solid worth; honest, able, zealous in sound principles moral & political, constant in friendship, and
411:
Mazzei always remained nostalgic for
Virginia and his American friends, who hoped for his return and with whom he never interrupted his epistolary contact. He died in Pisa in 1816 without ever returning to America. After his death the remainder of his family returned to the United States at the
286:
He visited
Jefferson at his estate, and the two became good friends. Jefferson gave Mazzei an allotment of land for an experimental plantation. Mazzei purchased more land adjoining this gift of acreage and established a plantation he named Colle. They shared an interest in politics and liberal
445:
possesses first rate abilities .... He has been a zealous whig from the beginning and I think may be relied on perfectly in point of integrity. He is very sanguine in his expeditions of the services he could render us on this occasion and would undertake it on a very moderate
512:," and claimed that Washington had appointed as military officers "all timid men that prefer the calm of despotism to the boisterous sea of liberty ... t would give you a fever were I to name to you the apostates who have gone over to these heresies, men who were
326:
ideals. His wife remained in the United States until her death in 1788 at the estate, which Mazzei had donated in 1783 to his stepdaughter, Margherita Maria
Martini and to her husband, the Frenchman Justin Pierre Plumard, Count De Rieux.
322:, Mazzei returned to Italy as a secret agent for Virginia. He purchased and shipped arms to them until 1783. After briefly visiting the United States again in 1785 for the last time, Mazzei travelled throughout Europe promoting
457:
I am induced to this quick reply to by an alarming paragraph in it, which is that Mazzei is coming to
Annapolis. I tremble at the idea. I know he will be worse to me than a return of my double quotidian
279:. He was also joined by a widow, Maria Martin, whom he married in 1778, and his friend Carlo Bellini who between 1779 and 1803 would become the first teacher of Italian at an American university, the
748:
1094:
Tutti gli uomini sono per natura egualmente liberi e indipendenti. Quest'eguaglianza Ăš necessaria per costituire un governo libero. Bisogna che ognuno sia uguale all'altro nel diritto naturale.
309:
Tutti gli uomini sono per natura egualmente liberi e indipendenti. Quest'eguaglianza Ăš necessaria per costituire un governo libero. Bisogna che ognuno sia uguale all'altro nel diritto naturale.
1470:
The
Contributions of Italians to the United States before the Civil War: a conference to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the birth of Philip Mazzei, Washington, D.C., April 18â20, 1980
342:
in 1788. It was the first history of the
American Revolution published in French. The work is still a valuable source of information on the movement that sparked the American Revolution.
1711:
1771:
392:
in 1795, Mazzei, along with the rest of the Polish court, was given a pension by the
Russian crown. He later spent more time in France, becoming active in the politics of the
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1741:
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All men are by nature equally free and independent. Such equality is necessary in order to create a free government. All men must be equal to each other in natural law
520:
in the council, but who have had their heads shorn by the harlot
England." The letter was eventually published overseas and then re-translated back into English by
423:
1546:
edited by, with writings by Margherita Marchione e Edoardo Tortarolo, Poggio a Caiano, C.I.C Filippo Mazzei â Associazione Culturale "Ardengo Soffici", 1993.
1761:
1736:
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149:(December 25, 1730 â March 19, 1816) was an Italian physician, philosopher, diplomat, winemaker, merchant, promoter of liberty and author. A close friend of
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1116:: the phrase in the Declaration of Independence 'All men are created equal', was suggested by the Italian patriot and immigrant Filippo Mazzei.
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1387:, Baltimore-London-Paris, The Johns Hopkins Press-Humphrey Nilfort Oxford University Press â SociĂ©tĂ© d'Editions Les Belles Lettres, 1933
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and Filippo Mazzei is attested by the numerous letters they exchanged, an estimate that was confirmed in letters to third parties:
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Del commercio della seta fatto in Inghilterra dalla Compagnia delle Indie Orientali (manoscritto inedito di Filippo Mazzei â 1769)
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of Virginia. While doing work for Franklin, Mazzei shared his idea of importing Tuscan products, wine and olive trees, to the
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Translated by S. Eugene Scalia. Edited by Margherita Marchione. Morristown, NJ: American Institute of Italian Studies, 1980.
431:
221:, in 1752, following disagreements with his older brother Jacopo over the management of the family heritage, he settled in
1371:
Philip Mazzei, a hero of American independence. Illustrations and cover Marcello Mangiantini, translation Miranda MacPhail
1401:, in DREAM STREETS â THE BIG BOOK OF ITALIAN AMERICAN CULTURE, Lawrence DiStasi editor, Harper & Row, New York, 1989
1530:
Filippo Mazzei : un illustre toscano del Settecento : medico, agricoltore, scrittore, giornalista, diplomatico
280:
1487:
How Florence Invented America - Vespucci, Verrazzano, Mazzei and their Contributions to the Conception of the New World
1525:, exhibition catalog edited by, Poggio a Caiano, Palazzo Comunale, July 3-25, 1996, Comune di Poggio a Caiano, 1996.
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All men are by nature equally free and independent. Such equality is necessary in order to create a free government.
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A 40-cent United States airmail stamp was issued in 1980 to commemorate the 250th anniversary of Mazzei's birth.
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268:. Here Filippo Mazzei will cultivate vineyards, olives, and other Mediterranean fruit with the help of Italians.
301:
In 1774 he published a pamphlet containing the phrase, which Jefferson incorporated essentially intact into the
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In 1774 he published a pamphlet containing the phrase, which Jefferson incorporated essentially intact into the
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369:. King Stanislaus appointed Mazzei to be Poland's representative in Paris, where he again met Jefferson.
564:(Historical and Political Enquiries Concerning the United States of North America), 2019. Four Volumes.
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Tra riformismo illuminato e dispotismo napoleonico; esperienze del "cittadino americano" Filippo Mazzei
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In 1779, following the emergence of the independent United States after the colonial victory in the
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Filippo Mazzei, The Virginia Gazette, 1774. Translated by a friend and neighbor, Thomas Jefferson:
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168:: "All men are by nature equally free and independent". The contribution of Filippo Mazzei to the
272:
923:'All men are created equal', was suggested by the Italian patriot and immigrant Filippo Mazzei.
357:. There he became acquainted with Polish liberal and constitutional thought, like the works of
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1451:, The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 30, No. 2 (September 1943), pp. 235â242
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where in 1796 he married Antonina Tonini, with whom he had a daughter, Elisabetta, in 1798.
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In London, he worked as a teacher of Italian language. While in London he met the Americans
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Un bastimento carico di Roba bestie e uomini in un manoscritto inedito di Filippo Mazzei
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establishment of our independance having acquired for him here a great degree of favor.
1240:(bilingual English â Italian), University Press of America, Lanham, MD, 1995, 235 pp.
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1337:(bilingual English â Italian), University Press of America, Lanham, MD, 1995, 235 pp
713:
592:, edited by Gino Capponi, Lugano, Tip. della Svizzera Italiana, 1845â1846, 2 volumes
350:
799:
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Recherches Historiques et Politiques sur les Etats-Unis de l'Amérique Septentrionale
496:
had a falling out over a letter Jefferson sent to Mazzei in Italy, which called the
336:
Recherches historiques et politiques sur les Ătats-Unis de l'Amerique septentrionale
32:
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Letter from Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson to Giovanni Carmignani, July 18, 1816
1266:
Foreign-Born American Patriots-Sixteen Volunteer Leaders In The Revolutionary War
578:, Roma : Istituto storico italiano per l'etĂ moderna e contemporanea, 1982
509:
246:
229:, practicing as a doctor but after only two years he left the city and moved to
1586:
Figure dimenticate dell'indipendenza americana, Filippo Mazzei e Francesco Vigo
404:
overthrew that government Mazzei returned definitively to Tuscany, settling in
287:
values, and maintained an active correspondence for the rest of Mazzei's life.
1558:
Il fiorentino che fece l'America. Vita e avventure di Filippo Mazzei 1730â1916
676:
599:, edited by Silvano Gelli, Poggio a Caiano, Comune di Poggio a Caiano, 2001.
505:
366:
1335:
The Adventurous Life of Philip Mazzei - La vita avventurosa di Filippo Mazzei
1238:
The Adventurous Life of Philip Mazzei â La vita avventurosa di Filippo Mazzei
1553:, edited by, Poggio a Caiano, Biblioteca Comunale di Poggio a Caiano, 1996.
265:
213:
as a son of Domenico and Elisabetta. After his studies in medicine between
1318:
Prato, 1984, Ediz.del Palazzo per Cassa di Risparmi e Depositi di Prato, .
482:
punctual in all his undertakings. he was greatly esteemed in this country.
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Commemorative plaque in Pisa on the facade of the house where Mazzei died
323:
218:
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The correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Philip Mazzei, 1779â1815
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Jefferson Letters Concerning the Settlement of Mazzei's Virginia Estate
590:
Memorie della vita e delle peregrinazioni del fiorentino Filippo Mazzei
517:
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226:
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American Institute of Italian Studies, Morristown, NJ, 1975, 352 pp.
1168:, American Institute of Italian Studies, Morristown, NJ, 1980, 437pp
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Parigi: luglio 1789. Scritti e memorie del fiorentino Filippo Mazzei
1551:
Filippo Mazzei tra pubblico e privato. Raccolta di documenti inediti
1003:"Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Giovanni Carmignani, July 18, 1816"
1634:
Filippo Mazzei, Giuseppe Mazzini; saggi sui rapporti italo-polacchi
607:
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Lettres de Philippe Mazzei et du roi Stanislas-Auguste de Pologne.
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275:, bringing with him plants, seeds, silkworms, and 10 farmers from
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urging of Jefferson. They settled in Massachusetts and Virginia.
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Physician, philosopher, diplomat, winemaker, merchant, and author
1532:, Firenze, Associazione Internazionale Toscani nel Mondo, 1976.
1472:, Washington, D.C., National Italian American Foundation, 1980.
1366:, in CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Washington, D.C., September 12, 1984
1024:"Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Appleton, July 18, 1816"
961:"Letter from Thomas Jefferson to John Hancock, October 19, 1778"
405:
271:
On September 2, 1773, Mazzei boarded a ship from Livorno to the
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Illuminismo e Rivoluzioni. Biografia politica di Filippo Mazzei
982:"Letter from Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, March 16, 1784"
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749:
List of important people in the era of the American Revolution
487:
Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Appleton, July 18, 1816
451:
Letter from Thomas Jefferson to John Hancock, October 19, 1778
16:
Italian physician, winemaker, philosopher, diplomat and author
1682:
Another Site about P.Mazzei and other famous Italian American
1646:
1364:
An Appreciation of Philip Mazzei â an Unsung American Patriot
906:, 1774. Translated by a friend and neighbor, Thomas Jefferson
463:
Letter from Thomas Jefferson to James Madison, March 16, 1784
119:
In 1774 he published a pamphlet containing the phrase, which
1537:
Lettere di Filippo Mazzei alla corte di Polonia (1788â1792)
1636:, Wroclaw, Poland ZakĆad Narodowy im. OssoliĆskich, 1970.
1509:
Dalla Toscana all'America: il contributo di Filippo Mazzei
1254:, Center for Mazzei Studies, Morristown, NJ, 1984, 49 pp.
1544:
Bibliografia su Filippo Mazzei Avventuriero della LibertĂ
1261:, University Press of America, Lanham, MD, 1994, 158 pp.
1259:
Philip Mazzei: World Citizen (Jefferson's "Zealous Whig")
1199:
Agent for the King of Poland during the French Revolution
1385:
Philip Mazzei, Friend of Jefferson: His Life and letters
1304:
Agente del Re di Polonia durante la Rivoluzione Francese
305:: "All men are by nature equally free and independent":
253:
in 1755 to take up a mercantile career as an importer.
1373:
Tuscan Regional Government, Poggio a Caiano. 1990, 52p
1444:, Italica, Vol. 35, No. 2 (June 1958), pp. 83â87
127:: "All men are by nature equally free and independent"
1516:
Filippo Mazzei mercante italiano a Londra (1756â1772)
1574:, Poggio a Caiano, Comune di Poggio a Caiano, 1991.
1518:, Poggio a Caiano, Comune di Poggio a Caiano, 1997.
1511:, Poggio a Caiano, Comune di Poggio a Caiano, 2004.
1521:Bolognesi Andrea, Corsetti Luigi, Di Stadio Luigi:
1297:
Agente di Virginia durante la rivoluzione americana
1176:. Translation to English of Mazzei's autobiography.
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107:
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1101:All men must be equal to each other in natural law
415:He was buried at the Suburbano Cemetery in Pisa.
1612:, Roma, Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1965.
1477:Philip Mazzei: one of America's founding fathers
815:"Filippo Mazzei (1730â1816). Zarys biograficzny"
770:"Filippo Mazzei (1730-1816). Zarys biograficzny"
1192:Virginia's Agent during the American Revolution
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1712:Businesspeople from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
574:Filippo Mazzei, StanisĆaw August Poniatowski,
1772:American spies during the American Revolution
1581:, edited by Comune di Poggio a Caiano, 1989.
1330:, Cisalpino-Gogliardica, Milan, 1984, 160 pp
1268:, 2014. North Carolina-McFarland Publishing.
8:
1392:Italy and the Italians in Washington's time
1213:Cassa di Risparmi e Depositi, Prato, 1983,
1050:, Archives.gov; accessed February 13, 2023.
419:The friendship between Mazzei and Jefferson
1456:Philip Mazzei - Virginia's Agent in Europe
1434:, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1933
1231:Philip Mazzei: Jefferson's "Zealous Whig",
933:
931:
929:
625:The contribution of Filippo Mazzei to the
31:
20:
1752:Italian people of the American Revolution
1742:Emigrants from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1523:Filippo Mazzei mostra di cimeli e scritti
1442:An Unpublished Jefferson Letter to Mazzei
1432:Dictionary of American Biography, VOL. VI
1380:, Virginia State Library, Richmond, 1974
1128:"US Stamp Gallery >> Philip Mazzei"
921:United States Declaration of Independence
303:United States Declaration of Independence
296:United States Declaration of Independence
237:) as a surgeon following a local doctor.
166:United States Declaration of Independence
125:United States Declaration of Independence
123:incorporated essentially intact into the
37:Filippo Mazzei depicted in a portrait by
1677:Philip Mazzei at the Library of Congress
796:"Washington D.C. Italian Genealogy Club"
1659:Monticello the home of Thomas Jefferson
1378:Virginia History in Documents 1621-1788
760:
492:Many biographers believe Jefferson and
1539:, Bologna : N. Zanichelli, 1937
1489:, New York: Marsilio Publishers, 1999
1328:Istruzioni per essere liberi ed eguali
1044:"Jefferson's Letter to Philip Mazzei"
744:Founding Fathers of the United States
140:
7:
1463:Philip Mazzei and his Polish friends
1181:Selected Writings and Correspondence
1114:Resolution 175 of the 103rd Congress
917:Resolution 175 of the 103rd Congress
524:and published in the United States.
330:He wrote a political history of the
1762:Patriots in the American Revolution
1737:Immigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
1717:18th-century Italian businesspeople
249:for several years before moving to
153:, he was a strong supporter of the
1560:, Milano, SugarCo Edizioni, 1990.
1252:The Constitutional Society of 1784
145:), sometimes erroneously cited as
14:
1722:18th-century Italian philosophers
1707:People from the Province of Prato
1647:www.philipmazzei.us Official site
245:Mazzei practiced medicine in the
1672:A branch o Mazzei's Family Today
1598:, Firenze : Bonechi, 1998.
1596:L'America fu concepita a Firenze
1458:, New York Public Library, 1935
693:
679:
627:U.S. Declaration of Independence
194:Birthplace of Filippo Mazzei in
170:U.S. Declaration of Independence
1757:18th-century Italian physicians
1588:, Roma : Il Veltro, 1977.
1475:Schiavo, Giovanni Ermenegildo:
1767:Italian political philosophers
1048:The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
841:"A History of Wine in America"
432:President of the United States
347:PolishâLithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1732:People from colonial Virginia
1542:Corsetti Luigi, Gradi Renzo:
1479:, New York: Vigo Press, 1951
1069:. Perennial. pp. 15â16.
612:First edition front cover of
437:The great friendship between
281:College of William & Mary
42:
1394:, New York Arno Press, 1975
1324:Marchione, Sister Margherita
1287:Scelta di scritti e lettere:
1227:Marchione, Sister Margherita
1166:Marchione, Sister Margherita
813:Ćukaszewicz, Witold (1948).
768:Ćukaszewicz, Witold (1948).
359:Wawrzyniec GrzymaĆa GoĆlicki
1126:Sine, Iqzero.net and Dick.
639:, in which he states that:
157:and the American colonies'
1788:
1179:Marchione: Philip Mazzei:
320:American Revolutionary War
1727:Italian political writers
1349:Others books about Mazzei
498:Washington Administration
30:
1619:, Milano, Angeli, 1986.
1608:Tognetti Burigana Sara,
1430:Malone, Dumas (editor):
1423:Lippucci, Mary Theresa:
669:was named in his honor.
527:
349:he became attached as a
186:Early life and education
1666:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1528:Camajani Guelfo Guelfi,
1306:; pp. XVIâ703, XVIIâ633
540:My Life and Wanderings.
1410:A Nation of Immigrants
1383:Garlick, Richard, Jr:
1264:Renee Critcher Lyons:
1162:My Life and Wanderings
1132:www.usstampgallery.com
1103:
1096:
1066:A Nation of Immigrants
819:Kwartalnik Historyczny
774:Kwartalnik Historyczny
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636:A Nation of Immigrants
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615:A Nation of Immigrants
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338:, and published it in
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179:A Nation of Immigrants
138:Italian pronunciation:
93:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
71:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
947:Enciclopedia Treccani
611:
426:
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353:at the court of King
293:
193:
1376:Gaines, William H.:
1309:Vol.III: 1792â1816.
919:: the phrase in the
903:The Virginia Gazette
845:publishing.cdlib.org
701:United States portal
629:was acknowledged by
172:was acknowledged by
159:war for independence
1630:Ćukaszewicz, Witold
1615:Tortarolo Edoardo,
1535:Ciampini Raffaele,
1514:Becattini Massimo,
1468:Sammartino, Peter:
1397:Guzzetta, Charles:
1311:Cittadino del Mondo
802:on January 1, 2008.
709:American Revolution
332:American Revolution
201:Mazzei was born in
155:American Revolution
39:Jacques-Louis David
1652:2007-09-29 at the
1584:Gullace Giovanni,
1438:Marraro, Howard R.
1413:, Perennial, 2008
1369:Di Grazia, Marco:
1302:Vol.II:1788â1791.
1295:Vol.I: 1765â1788.
1194:, XLVIII, 585 pp.;
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299:
273:Colony of Virginia
199:
142:[matËtsei]
1747:Italian merchants
1549:Di Stadio Luigi,
1483:Masini, Giancarlo
1399:Mazzei in America
528:Mazzei's writings
516:in the field and
494:George Washington
394:French Revolution
258:Benjamin Franklin
176:in his 1958 book
131:
130:
63:December 25, 1730
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1592:Masini Giancarlo
1485:, Gori, Iacopo:
1405:Kennedy, John F.
1285:Filippo Mazzei:
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538:Filippo Mazzei.
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428:Thomas Jefferson
262:Thomas Jefferson
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1654:Wayback Machine
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1594:, Gori Iacopo,
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203:Poggio a Caiano
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1664:Philip Mazzei
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1641:External links
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1625:978-8820440961
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1313:; pp. XVIIâ633
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844:
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818:
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800:the original
790:
778:. Retrieved
773:
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729:William Paca
724:James Monroe
719:George Mason
687:Italy portal
665:
661:Liberty Ship
658:World War II
655:
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633:in his book
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1702:1816 deaths
1697:1730 births
1333:Marchione:
1257:Marchione:
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1236:Marchione:
1204:Vol. III â
506:monarchical
398:Directorate
247:Middle East
100:Nationality
46: 1790
1691:Categories
1502:In Italian
1354:In English
1280:In Italian
1201:, 802 pp.;
1197:Vol. II â
1155:In English
881:Monticello
825:January 2,
821:(3â4): 305
780:January 2,
776:(3â4): 304
755:References
583:In Italian
533:In English
430:, the 3rd
396:under the
367:Great Sejm
324:republican
59:1730-12-25
1465:sn, 1944
1461:Marraro:
1454:Marraro:
1447:Marraro:
1390:Garlick:
1208:, 623 pp.
1190:Vol. I â
850:March 21,
739:John Page
555:In French
458:head-ach.
266:New World
1650:Archived
1507:AA.VV.,
1063:(2008).
886:July 30,
673:See also
664:SS
518:Solomons
502:Anglican
485:â
473:â
461:â
449:â
402:Napoleon
384:between
219:Florence
1427:, 1939
950:, 1934
944:in the
514:Samsons
400:. When
390:Prussia
227:Livorno
211:Tuscany
103:Italian
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1164:, ed.
1073:
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649:Legacy
568:
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508:, and
386:Russia
251:London
241:Career
231:Smyrna
340:Paris
277:Lucca
235:Turke
215:Prato
209:) in
207:Prato
1621:ISBN
1600:ISBN
1562:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1339:ISBN
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1242:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1139:2024
1071:ISBN
1031:2024
1010:2024
989:2024
968:2024
888:2023
852:2019
827:2015
782:2015
656:The
566:ISBN
544:ISBN
406:Pisa
388:and
365:and
294:The
260:and
223:Pisa
217:and
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78:Died
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618:by
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