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government either directly or indirectly. This could be by purchasing transportation or by subsidizing tickets for students, children, or other groups. The current law for public transportation sets in §3 the goal that the system needs to be developed in such way that it can provide public transportation that satisfies the necessary demand in the entire country. An additional goal for highly populated areas (over 50,000 inhabitants) is that the service level for these areas is so high that it promotes and increases the usage of public transportation.
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Public vehicles required transport licenses. Cities that have been granted licenses include Espoo, Helsinki, Hyvinkää, Hämeenlinna, Imatra, Joensuu, Jyväskylä, Kajaani, Kemi, Kokkola, Kotka, Kouvola, Kuopio, Lahti, Lappeenranta, Mikkeli, Oulu, Pori, Rauma, Riihimäki, Rovaniemi, Savonlinna, Seinäjoki,
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The line permission model described in the article has not been in use since the EU law of public transport service came into effect March 12 of 2009. The old licenses were turned into transportation agreements for a transitional period in order to continue the rights and obligations of the licenses
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In the line permission model, tickets are subsidized and the profitless drives are purchased. Traffic contractors apply for transport licenses for various lines and specific drives. If no one applies for a license for a line that has been deemed necessary, it is bought on net tender principles. The
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The laws and regulations for passenger transport did not set any high-reaching goals such as passenger numbers or service levels. The intent of the law was that public transportation is foremost a business venture. The majority of
Finnish public transportation has, however, been supported by the
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The model of internal acquisitions is in use in the tramway traffic and underground service of
Helsinki (Helsinki City Transport), in the internal traffic of Tampere (Traffic services of the city of Tampere about 90%), and in the local traffic of Turku (City transport of Turku about 20%.)
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In the orderer-producer model, a community plans the transportation system, buys services from different contractors, and pays from ticket revenues and through community subsidies. The main part from traffic is tendered. The model is used in
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Traveling is expensive for the passenger; the ticket systems do not offer affordable discounts; and the possibility of changing tickets will be restricted, mainly between lines of the same traffic contractor.
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Tampere, Turku, Vaasa, Vantaa, and
Varkaus. Among those, Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, and Kauniainen received YTV granted licenses for traffic. Elsewhere, transport licenses were granted by the county boards.
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as if the transportation was tendered, but pays the price that has been defined by the monopoly of VR Oy. The Turku public transportation company receives a compensation proportioned to the tendering.
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community supports the system by subsidizing student tickets and by investing in municipality or region ticket prices to make public transportation more attractive and feasible for consumers.
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regulations and laws of public transport service (869/2009) came into effect on
December 3, 2009. The Finnish government-owned railways are regulated by specific laws. The local railways in
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Malpractices have been noted in the system when some of the drives have been reported unprofitable, and the operator driving the rest of that line has won the tendering.
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The system contained problems regarding work safety and the position of the labor force. This was corrected by the so-called Lonka agreement.
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The traffic contractor will not have an interest in developing the system, if the agreement lacks a functional rewarding and sanction system.
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The number of public transport trips is considerably lower compared to other systems. (Each trip yields 50% less profit than other systems.)
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municipalities. In practice, the railway traffic service that was run on VR Oy monopoly (excluding the YTV-area) followed this model.
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Society has good control over the system, can decide the level of service in detail, and can carry out any preferred traffic policy.
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Smaller traffic contractors' future may be endangered if the company loses the tendering of its lines to other operators.
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284:. The implementation of these models was regulated by national laws of passenger transport, which were abolished after
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The community has less power over the system, even though the support level per trip is higher than in other models.
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The model was used in most parts of
Finland except the YTV-area and the internal public transportation of
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The ticket subsidy arrangement leads to an increase in government spending as customer numbers increase.
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as well as various ticket types. The transition period for these agreements will end in
February 2019.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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bus traffic, and in the Turku public transport. HSL buys train transportation from
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From the point of view of the traffic contractor, the traffic is more independent.
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Ineffective and inert practices are risk factors in protected municipal service.
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The entrepreneur can produce the most affordable and competitive services.
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The system has been reported for utilization of underpricing and cartels.
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Society can design the traffic and the urban structure simultaneously.
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The model does not require significant planning from the community.
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Some of the possibilities correspond to tendered traffic systems.
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The society has power in detailed decisions over the traffic.
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The subsidies also pay for tickets on profitable lines.
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Almost all traffic risk is transferred to the society.
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The entrepreneur has risk and develops responsibility.
179:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
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89:introducing citations to additional sources
457:The society bears all of the business risk.
397:The production of the traffic is efficient.
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
264:Learn how and when to remove this message
210:Learn how and when to remove this message
79:Relevant discussion may be found on the
513:About orderer-producer-model in Finnish
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100:"Finnish models of public transport"
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31:This article has multiple issues.
280:has used three models for local
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72:relies largely or entirely on a
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394:The passenger numbers are high.
39:or discuss these issues on the
430:Secured public transport model
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471:Iceberg transport cost model
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194:more precise citations.
372:Orderer-producer-model
304:Line permission model
486:Transport in Finland
481:Melbourne Principles
85:improve this article
496:Transport in France
491:Transport in Europe
518:2007-10-08 at the
167:list of references
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192:introducing
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36:improve it
247:June 2022
200:July 2013
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81:talk page
42:talk page
516:Archived
465:See also
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322:Tampere
278:Finland
237:updated
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