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353:" associations. Percussionists who are not exclusively cymbalists sometimes play finger cymbals by striking one cymbal with a drumstick, or by holding one cymbal in each hand by gripping the strap between the thumb and the index finger, and striking the rims together. They tend to use zills for occasional flourishes in the music rather than for complex rhythms and sounds. For more intricate rhythms, an orchestral player might attach a cymbal to both his thumb and first finger. Then, placing that hand between his other hand and knee, the player will alternate between striking the knee and the opposite hand. Each of the motions produce one articulation of the cymbals.
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them. The finger cymbal practice appears in representations from the Roman Empire period. Examples of mosaics and stone reliefs showing Roman finger cymbal players come from
Bulgaria, Italy and Belgium, and are dated between the second and fourth century CE. It is not known whether the finger cymbal practice was continuous or was forgotten and then reinvented much later in the Middle East. At least, it is clear that the tradition of dancers with different types of clappers continued through the Middle Ages. First representations of "modern" finger cymbal players in Egypt and Turkey date from the 18th century at the latest.
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269:. Clappers are musical instruments made of wood, bone, metal, and other substances that are played by being struck against each other. Clappers come in pairs and are often held in the hands, fastened together, or strapped to the performer's fingers. The clapper family also includes spoons, bones and castanets.
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A set of zills consists of four cymbals, two for each hand. Zills come in a range of sizes, the most common having a diameter of about 5 cm (2 in). Different sizes and shapes of zills will produce sounds that differ in volume, tone and resonance. For instance, a dancer performing with an
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Zills are one of the main percussive elements of Middle
Eastern belly dancing. The use of zill in belly dancing is particularly present in the Ghawazi, a line of hereditary dancers. Zills are also important in some rituals of Egyptian culture. Finger cymbals are used in the Sufi religious music.
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already present in Greece around 500 BC. Ancient Greek potteries depict men and women celebrating at
Dionysian festivals, some of them playing krotala. From known representations, ancient Greeks used metallic cymbals, but they held only one cymbal in each hand and clapped them together to strike
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orchestra will use a larger zill with more volume, whereas many belly dancers may use a zill with a more delicate sound, depending on the venue and whether their music is live or recorded, amplified or acoustic. American Tribal dancers typically use a much larger zill with a more mellow tone.
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to secure the zills, one to the thumb and one to the middle finger of each hand. Many zills have two slots to allow the threading of the elastic through the zill, allowing greater control of the instrument. Others have a single hole, allowing greater wobble and creative use with speed.
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Zills played as idiophones (two on each hand) can be played in many ways to produce a wide and subtle range of sound, from quiet clicking, bell-like ringing, muted cupped sounds, loud clacks, and even a small range of pitch change. Zills belong to the family of instruments used in
301:, a healing ritual utilizing rhythmic songs and dances meant to soothe Jinn, a form of magically empowered spirit beings. Dancers use the zill to find a rhythm that soothes the spirits, which then becomes the rhythm performed by the ensemble.
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There are many rhythms in belly dancing music that can be spelled out in finger cymbal playing. The style of playing varies from one style and era of dance to the next.
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Zills, the idiophone of the Middle
Eastern belly dancer : their history, pedagogy, techniques of playing, and role in the context of bodily expression
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Handbook of percussion instruments : their characteristics and playing techniques, with illustrations and musical examples from the literature
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A close-up of a person holding zills (traditionally, it would be held on the middle finger instead of the pointer, and above the last knuckle)
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Zills are also used in Sufi music, and may be played arrhythmically in a lyrical flow of sound for meditations and sound healing.
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used for larger cymbals, and may design their own brass alloys specifically to achieve particular sound qualities. They may
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some zills in order to give a specific color to them. Zills vary in appearance and may be shiny, dull, plain or engraved.
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Before the invention of elastic, zills were tied onto the fingers with leather strips. Modern cymbalists use
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The
Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia
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In the count of the beat, the gallop is played as "and a ONE, and a TWO..." It can also be played as
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An archaeology of representations : ancient Greek vase-painting and contemporary methodologies
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The
Dancing Cymbalist: How to play music with finger cymbals and dance at the same time.
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or other musical performances. In these cases, musicians usually just call them
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Zills, or finger cymbals, are part of a family of musical instruments known as
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4th century A.D. relief of Greek dancer with cymbals. Roman artwork from
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643:"Playing finger cymbals in the Roman Empire: an iconographic study"
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An Arabic
Musical and Socio-Cultural Glossary of Kitāb al-Aghānī
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An
Account Of The Manners And Customs Of The Modern Egyptians
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280:. Modern dancers use varieties of zills, finger cymbals or
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The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
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dominant hand / non-dominant hand / dominant hand / rest
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http://bellydancingdiva.com/2009/09/cymbal-symbolism/
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863:Saroyan zills has mp3 sound samples of their zills
341:, and also occasionally appear as part of Western
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716:World music : traditions and transformations
403:– “buy more shoes, and…buy more shoes, and . . .”
288:One of the earliest forms of clappers are wooden
543:A History of Arabian Music to the XIIIth Century
527:Musical Instruments: A Comprehensive Dictionary
792:"The American Heritage Dictionary entry: Zill"
561:. New York: Harper & Row. pp. 12–13.
396:– “John went to the sea; caught. three. fish.”
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349:and use them to obtain a ringing sound with "
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417:. Many teachers recommend thinking of it as
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372:Triples, not to be confused with triplets:
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803:Peinkofer, Karl; Tannigel, Fritz (1988) .
747:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
188:and similar performances. They are called
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546:. New Delhi: Goodword Books. p. 47.
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1330:Traditional Arabic musical instruments
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842:(MA thesis). Kent State University.
612:. Institut du Livre, A. Kardamitsa.
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231:) in Arabic and used among Berbers,
831:Boulder: Oyna Music in Motion Arts.
606:Dimitrios., Yatromanolakis (2009).
529:. New York: Doubleday. p. 369.
525:Marcuse, Sibyl (1964). "Nuqaisāt".
471:Sawa, George Dimitri (2015-04-30).
199:
798:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2017.
239:(Persian, possibly related to the
108:(Concussion or percussion vessels)
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653:. Oxford University Press: 3–20.
408:dum/tek-a-tek-tek/dum/dum/dum/dum
221:Names in other languages include
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365:Dancing girl playing Zills from
313:Zill manufacturers commonly use
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559:A Survey of Musical Instruments
410:– “I want to be a belly dancer”
388:dum/dum/tek-a-tek/dum-tek-a-tek
102:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
583:"Clapper | musical instrument"
376:– “giddyup, giddyup, giddyup”)
1:
838:Foreman, Kelly Marie (1994).
762:Peinkofer & Tannigel 1988
674:Lane, Edward William (1860).
540:Farmer, Henry George (2001).
394:dum/dum/tek-a-tek/dum/dum/dum
1716:Asian percussion instruments
1696:Egyptian musical instruments
1706:Turkish musical instruments
1220:Turkish musical instruments
899:Turkish musical instruments
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1701:Arabic musical instruments
807:. Mainz / London: Schott.
719:(2nd ed.). New York.
713:Bakan, Michael B. (2012).
682:Cambridge University Press
297:They are also used in the
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1711:Turkish words and phrases
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176:'cymbals'), also called
1230:Ottoman classical music
641:Cottet, Audrey (2022).
587:Encyclopedia Britannica
557:Marcuse, Sibyl (1975).
498:Koskoff, Ellen (2008).
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339:Ottoman military bands
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210:. They are similar to
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27:Small metallic cymbals
1235:Ottoman military band
827:Woods, Jenna (2007).
415:right/left/right/rest
374:left/right/left/pause
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212:Tibetan tingsha bells
180:, are small metallic
155:
56:Percussion instrument
1140:Auxiliary percussion
477:(in Arabic). BRILL.
32:Zil (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
944:Plucked instruments
278:Mildenhall Treasure
114:Related instruments
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1521:Salamiyyah (flute)
1225:Turkish folk music
1017:Struck instruments
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1261:Turkey portal
925:Classical kemençe
920:Karadeniz kemençe
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773:Cymbal Symbolism
726:978-0-07-352664-5
619:978-960-354-250-6
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143:Sound sample
1614:Tabl baladi
1564:Goblet drum
1479:instruments
1404:Bowed lutes
1149:Cura nagara
1133:instruments
1116:Kargı Düdük
1111:Dilli düdük
1091:Dilli kaval
1076:Turkish ney
1033:instruments
940:Sine kemanı
909:instruments
647:Early Music
255:p'eng chung
235:in Arabic,
225:(after the
83:fanglesnaps
62:Other names
1691:Idiophones
1680:Categories
1630:percussion
1439:Simsimiyya
1131:Percussion
592:2021-09-14
446:References
383:(no pause)
343:orchestral
216:tambourine
96:Percussion
1096:Dilli ney
813:604102910
743:cite book
735:689858598
700:889955145
628:670122007
459:Zill 2017
440:Castanets
367:Qajar Era
282:castanets
124:Castanets
1638:Clapping
1411:Kamanjah
1337:Plucked
1287:Category
1213:See also
1199:Castanet
1106:Tárogató
1031:Woodwind
848:32361787
429:See also
406:Bolero:
386:Beledi:
305:Features
267:clappers
223:nuqaisāt
184:used in
134:crotales
129:Crotalum
1686:Cymbals
1665:Sistrum
1661:(zills)
1644:Krakebs
1609:Taarija
1594:Naqareh
1574:Maktoum
1559:Duhulla
1444:Tanbūra
1387:Zithers
1362:Mandole
1169:Naqareh
1164:Darbuka
1056:Dankiyo
998:Shahrud
988:Baglama
784:Sources
399:Ayoub:
381:L/R/L/R
379:Quads:
330:elastic
290:krotala
261:History
204:
198:
182:cymbals
106:111.142
1654:Mihbaj
1649:Manjur
1640:(kaff)
1628:Other
1619:Tbilat
1589:Naqara
1584:Mirwas
1579:Mazhar
1549:Bendir
1544:Al-ras
1516:Rhaita
1511:Mizwad
1506:Mizmar
1501:Mijwiz
1491:Habbān
1486:Arghul
1462:Kawala
1454:Flutes
1434:Kissar
1416:Rababa
1377:Sintir
1372:Qanbūs
1352:Kwitra
1184:Nagara
1144:Bendir
1121:Miskal
1021:Santur
968:Cümbüş
907:String
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481:
319:bronze
80:zillia
1659:Sagat
1569:Hajir
1536:Drums
1526:Zukra
1496:Jirba
1426:Lyres
1395:Qanun
1357:Lavta
1347:Buzuq
1339:lutes
1204:Spoon
1179:Kudüm
1159:Davul
1086:Sipsi
1081:Kaval
1066:Çifte
1061:Gaida
1051:Karkm
1046:Tulum
1041:Zurna
1013:Mugni
1008:Lavta
993:Komuz
973:Ahenk
948:Kanun
323:plate
315:brass
228:naqus
208:Egypt
206:) in
201:صاجات
192:sāgāt
164:Zills
77:zagat
74:sagat
1477:Reed
1194:Zill
983:Cura
953:Çeng
844:OCLC
809:OCLC
749:link
731:OCLC
721:ISBN
696:OCLC
686:ISBN
624:OCLC
614:ISBN
563:ISBN
506:ISBN
479:ISBN
299:zaar
251:çeng
247:Sanj
242:zang
168:zils
68:Zils
38:Zill
1604:Tar
1599:Riq
1554:Daf
1467:Ney
1367:Oud
1174:Kus
1154:Daf
1101:Mey
1071:Ney
1003:Rud
978:Saz
655:doi
249:),
173:zil
166:or
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963:Ud
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